WO1992020826A1 - Ion flotation of platinum ions - Google Patents

Ion flotation of platinum ions Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1992020826A1
WO1992020826A1 PCT/AU1992/000230 AU9200230W WO9220826A1 WO 1992020826 A1 WO1992020826 A1 WO 1992020826A1 AU 9200230 W AU9200230 W AU 9200230W WO 9220826 A1 WO9220826 A1 WO 9220826A1
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Prior art keywords
flotation
platinum
ion
bromide
lower alkyl
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PCT/AU1992/000230
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French (fr)
Inventor
Malcolm David Engel
Neville Thomas Moxon
Stuart Kenneth Nicol
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The Broken Hill Proprietary Company Limited
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Publication of WO1992020826A1 publication Critical patent/WO1992020826A1/en

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B11/00—Obtaining noble metals
    • C22B11/04—Obtaining noble metals by wet processes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03D—FLOTATION; DIFFERENTIAL SEDIMENTATION
    • B03D1/00—Flotation
    • B03D1/001—Flotation agents
    • B03D1/004—Organic compounds
    • B03D1/01—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
    • B03D1/011—Quaternary ammonium compounds
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03D—FLOTATION; DIFFERENTIAL SEDIMENTATION
    • B03D1/00—Flotation
    • B03D1/02—Froth-flotation processes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03D—FLOTATION; DIFFERENTIAL SEDIMENTATION
    • B03D2201/00—Specified effects produced by the flotation agents
    • B03D2201/02—Collectors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03D—FLOTATION; DIFFERENTIAL SEDIMENTATION
    • B03D2203/00—Specified materials treated by the flotation agents; Specified applications
    • B03D2203/02—Ores
    • B03D2203/025—Precious metal ores

Definitions

  • This invention relates to ion flotation reagents and to methods for their use.
  • the invention is particularly, but not exclusively concerned with the extraction of platinum using ion flotation techniques.
  • Paniculate flotation is a physicochemical method of concentrating valuable minerals from finely-ground ore. The process involves a selective treatment of the valuable components to facilitate their attachment to air bubbles, which form a froth concentrate.
  • ion flotation is a procedure whereby valuable ions in a mixture of charged species are selectively removed by rising air bubbles. It resembles conventional froth flotation in that it employs a collector and similar equipment. It differs in that the substance to be separated is not usually present initially as a solid.
  • the collectors are ionisable, surface-active organic compounds, cationic for the flotation of anions, anionic for the flotation of cations. These additives perform the dual function of complexing with the ions in solution and transporting these previously surface-inactive components to the foam phase. Such separation of ions is usually accomplished at low gas flow rates, producing a small volume of foam without tall columns or violent agitation of the liquid phase.
  • Ion flotation is of enormous practical significance since ions are often successfully floated and concentrated from 10 "7 to 10 "4 M solutions.
  • the first of the low gas-flow rate foam separation techniques was introduced by Sebba in 1959.
  • a surfactant ion of opposite charge to the ion to be removed was added in stoichiometric amounts.
  • Sebba concluded that the collector must be introduced in such a way that it exists as simple ions and not micelles.
  • the foam produced after subjecting this mixture to air bubbles then collapsed, thereby concentrating the inorganic ion.
  • Rubin et al (1966) investigated other variables associated with the technique, including the effect of metal ion concentration, pH and temperature, using soluble copper( ⁇ ) ions recovered by a sodium lauryl sulphate (anionic) collector.
  • the flotation reagent employed is a cationic surfactant of formula (I):
  • R 1 is a C 10 - C 18 alkyl group
  • R 3 is a lower alkyl group, or a benzene ring optionally substituted with one or more lower alkyl groups
  • R 2 and R 4 are lower alkyl groups
  • R ⁇ R 2 and R 4 are methyl groups
  • R 3 is a benzene ring substituted with a C 10 - C 18 alkoxy group
  • X is a halogen atom.
  • the long chain (C 10 - C 18 ) alkyl or alkoxy group contains from 12 to 16 carbon atoms, most preferably 16 carbon atoms.
  • lower alkyl refers to groups which contain from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 3 carbons.
  • the invention in a further aspect also provides the use, as an ion flotation reagent, of a compound of formula (I), as defined above.
  • CTAB One prefened reagent for use in accordance with the invention is CTAB, the full name and formula of which are set out below. This compound is known perse. Also shown are the names and formulae of some other compounds (A, B, D, R, MTAB and DTAB) which are also known per se, but have not been suggested for use as ion flotation reagents for platinum cyanide.
  • MTAB myristyltrimethylammonium bromide
  • CTAB cetyltrimethylammonium bromide
  • the method of the invention is applicable to the ion flotation of any of the various platinum cyanide complexes.
  • Figure 1 is a diagram of the experimental apparatus used
  • FIGS 2 to 6 are graphs showing the results obtained.
  • the flotation equipment used in the bench-scale laboratory experiments is illustrated in Figure 1 and consisted of a modified Hallimond tube cell or column 1 of volume approximately IL.
  • a sintered glass frit 2 in the base of the column allows air to pass through the cell from inlet 3, metered by appropriate flowmeters and regulators (not shown).
  • Side ports 4,5 fitted to the column allow continuous monitoring of pH and/or temperature (4) and removal (5) of small subsamples of the liquid contents of the cell.
  • the liquid feed to column enters through port 6 and the exit air stream flows out through port 7.
  • the froth formed during flotation is discharged from the overflow lip 8 at the top of the cell and collected in another container (not shown).
  • the column may be completely drained at the end of a batch experiment by using the tailings outlet port 9.
  • Factors such as the depth of liquid in the cell and hence the depth of froth may be varied readily. Airflow can also be varied at will.
  • a solution containing a known concentration of platinum (present as the platinocyanide ion) and a known amount of surfactant was prepared and mixed thoroughly.
  • the feed liquid was injected into the flotation cell through port 6 and the air supply connected to inlet 3. Air was then immediately bubbled into the cell and froth began to form at the top of the column.
  • a timer was started and at known intervals after this point, sub-samples of the liquid contents of the cell were removed via the side port and analysed for their platinum content by atomic absorption spectrophotometry or inductively coupled plasma spectrometry.
  • the air supply was disconnected and the collected froth and a sub-sample of the final cell contents were analysed for platinum.
  • the addition of collector can be made in one dose at the commencement of flotation, or by a number of small (pulsed) additions at various intervals thereafter, while the air supply is still connected.
  • R % (1 - C t /C 0 ) x 100
  • C t is the liquid sub-sample platinum concentration at time t
  • C 0 is the concentration in the initial feed.
  • the ratio C t /C 0 represents the fraction of platinum from the feed left in the cell at time t.
  • C f is the concentration of platinum in the product froth and C 0 is the initial feed platinum concentration.
  • the stock solutions were then subsampled to produce experimental mixtures containing 10 ppm Pt metal in solution.
  • the surfactant added was CTAB, introduced at various molar ratios to the platinum.
  • Figure 2 shows the platinum recovery % curves as a function of collector dose at two cell froth depths in laboratory ion flotation experiments using a quaternary ammonium surfactant.
  • the froth depth of 10% the recovery approached 95% while for a froth depth of 20%, recovery only approached 90%.
  • This is in line with the previous work of Engel et al (1990) which described how a higher vertical froth depth requires a larger amount of surfactant to support a stable froth structure and ensure complete flotation recovery.
  • a system with a deeper froth structure will suffer a reduced metal recovery.
  • Figure 3 shows the upgrade ratio of platinum as a function of collector dose at two cell froth depths in laboratory ion flotation experiments using a quaternary ammonium surfactant.
  • a deeper froth bed results in a higher upgrade ratio due to a froth drainage mechanism, as described by Engel et al (1990).
  • This is shown clearly in Figure 3.
  • Figure 4 the same as Figure 3 but including some extra data points at low surfactant doses).
  • Pt(CN) 4 2" ions may be concentrated by ion flotation using quaternary ammonium surfactants. Recoveries of more than 90% have been recorded with upgrade ratios in the range of 5 to 900. At best an 85% recovery of Pt was recorded with an accompanying upgrade ratio of 917.
  • Figure 6 shows the platinum and gold upgrade ration curves as a function of collector dose, produced in the experiments described in (c). In all cases the gold upgrade ratio exceeded that of platinum except in the region of low surfactant dose when very much higher platinum upgrade ratios were recorded.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)

Abstract

A method for ion flotation of platinum ions, characterised in that the flotation reagent employed is a cationic surfactant of formula (I), wherein R1 is a C¿10?-C18 alkyl group, R?3¿ is a lower alkyl group, or benzene ring optionally substituted with one or more lower alkyl groups, and R?2 and R4¿ are lower alkyl groups; or R?1, R2 and R4¿ are methyl groups, and R3 is a benzene ring substituted with a C¿10?-C18 alkoxy groups; and X is a halogen atom.

Description

ION FLOTATION OF PLATTNUM IONS
This invention relates to ion flotation reagents and to methods for their use. The invention is particularly, but not exclusively concerned with the extraction of platinum using ion flotation techniques.
Paniculate flotation is a physicochemical method of concentrating valuable minerals from finely-ground ore. The process involves a selective treatment of the valuable components to facilitate their attachment to air bubbles, which form a froth concentrate.
Ideally, ion flotation is a procedure whereby valuable ions in a mixture of charged species are selectively removed by rising air bubbles. It resembles conventional froth flotation in that it employs a collector and similar equipment. It differs in that the substance to be separated is not usually present initially as a solid. The collectors are ionisable, surface-active organic compounds, cationic for the flotation of anions, anionic for the flotation of cations. These additives perform the dual function of complexing with the ions in solution and transporting these previously surface-inactive components to the foam phase. Such separation of ions is usually accomplished at low gas flow rates, producing a small volume of foam without tall columns or violent agitation of the liquid phase. Ion flotation is of enormous practical significance since ions are often successfully floated and concentrated from 10"7 to 10"4 M solutions.
The first of the low gas-flow rate foam separation techniques was introduced by Sebba in 1959. A surfactant ion of opposite charge to the ion to be removed was added in stoichiometric amounts. Sebba concluded that the collector must be introduced in such a way that it exists as simple ions and not micelles. The foam produced after subjecting this mixture to air bubbles then collapsed, thereby concentrating the inorganic ion. Rubin et al (1966) investigated other variables associated with the technique, including the effect of metal ion concentration, pH and temperature, using soluble copper(π) ions recovered by a sodium lauryl sulphate (anionic) collector. Berg and Downey (1980) studied the use of quaternary ammonium surfactants of the type R^R^Br as collectors in the flotation of anionic chlorocomplexes of platinum group metals (for example palladium, platinum, iridium and gold chloride anions).
[NOTE: References are collected at the end of this description].
The use of quaternary ammonium compounds as collectors to remove precious metals from solution was further studied by MikhaUov et al. (1975) and Charewicz and GendoUa (1972). In both cases such compounds were used in the flotation of gold cyanide ions.
Our copending International Patent Application No PCT/AU90/00124 describes the use in the flotation of gold cyanide ions of cationic flotation reagents.
Because of the continuing interest in platinum as a precious commodity, we have investigated the application of ion flotation to recently developed platinum extractive cyanide technology with a view to decreasing operational costs and delays and improving productivity. From the literature it appears relatively uncommon to extract platinum using cyanide solutions; instead the chloride medium is prefened. The cyanidation procedure results in the formation of platinocyanide (Pt(CN)4 2") anions. In particular we have investigated the suitability of various quaternary ammonium bases as collectors for platinocyanide ions in alkaline solution in the absence of free cyanide or competing ions.
We have now found that a class of quaternary ammonium compounds, which have particular characteristic features, are especially suitable for use as ion flotation reagents for platinum and superior to the compounds used in the prior art.
According to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for the ion flotation platinum, in which the flotation reagent employed is a cationic surfactant of formula (I):
R4
R3 - N+ - R1 ( I )
wherein R1 is a C10 - C18 alkyl group, R3 is a lower alkyl group, or a benzene ring optionally substituted with one or more lower alkyl groups, and R2 and R4 are lower alkyl groups; or R\ R2 and R4 are methyl groups, and
R3 is a benzene ring substituted with a C10 - C18 alkoxy group;
and X is a halogen atom.
Preferably the long chain (C10 - C18) alkyl or alkoxy group contains from 12 to 16 carbon atoms, most preferably 16 carbon atoms.
The term "lower alkyl", as used herein, refers to groups which contain from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 3 carbons.
The invention in a further aspect also provides the use, as an ion flotation reagent, of a compound of formula (I), as defined above.
One prefened reagent for use in accordance with the invention is CTAB, the full name and formula of which are set out below. This compound is known perse. Also shown are the names and formulae of some other compounds (A, B, D, R, MTAB and DTAB) which are also known per se, but have not been suggested for use as ion flotation reagents for platinum cyanide.
A = ben_^ldimethyIdodecylammonium bromide
B = dimethyldodecylphenylammonium bromide
D = trimemyl-p-dodecyloxyphenylammoniiim bromide
R = N,N-d^methyl-N-dodecyl-3,5-dimethylanilinium bromide
MTAB = myristyltrimethylammonium bromide CTAB = cetyltrimethylammonium bromide
DTAB = dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide
Figure imgf000007_0001
Figure imgf000007_0002
Figure imgf000007_0003
Figure imgf000007_0004
The method of the invention is applicable to the ion flotation of any of the various platinum cyanide complexes.
The invention, is further described and illustrated by the following non-limiting Examples. (All temperatures are stated in degrees Celsius.)
Reference will be made to the accompanying drawings in which:
Figure 1 is a diagram of the experimental apparatus used;
Figures 2 to 6 are graphs showing the results obtained.
The flotation equipment used in the bench-scale laboratory experiments is illustrated in Figure 1 and consisted of a modified Hallimond tube cell or column 1 of volume approximately IL. A sintered glass frit 2 in the base of the column allows air to pass through the cell from inlet 3, metered by appropriate flowmeters and regulators (not shown). Side ports 4,5 fitted to the column allow continuous monitoring of pH and/or temperature (4) and removal (5) of small subsamples of the liquid contents of the cell. The liquid feed to column enters through port 6 and the exit air stream flows out through port 7. The froth formed during flotation is discharged from the overflow lip 8 at the top of the cell and collected in another container (not shown). The column may be completely drained at the end of a batch experiment by using the tailings outlet port 9.
Factors such as the depth of liquid in the cell and hence the depth of froth may be varied readily. Airflow can also be varied at will.
A solution containing a known concentration of platinum (present as the platinocyanide ion) and a known amount of surfactant was prepared and mixed thoroughly. The feed liquid was injected into the flotation cell through port 6 and the air supply connected to inlet 3. Air was then immediately bubbled into the cell and froth began to form at the top of the column. When the first drop of froth spilled over the upper lip of the cell, a timer was started and at known intervals after this point, sub-samples of the liquid contents of the cell were removed via the side port and analysed for their platinum content by atomic absorption spectrophotometry or inductively coupled plasma spectrometry. At the completion of the experiment (when either the surfactant is exhausted or the elapsed time reaches a certain value) the air supply was disconnected and the collected froth and a sub-sample of the final cell contents were analysed for platinum.
The addition of collector can be made in one dose at the commencement of flotation, or by a number of small (pulsed) additions at various intervals thereafter, while the air supply is still connected.
Platinum recovery (material reporting to froth) as a function of time is calculated by the formula:
R % = (1 - Ct/C0) x 100 where Ct is the liquid sub-sample platinum concentration at time t, and C0 is the concentration in the initial feed. The ratio Ct/C0 represents the fraction of platinum from the feed left in the cell at time t.
Another important parameter in ion flotation studies is the upgrade ratio, calculated by:
UR = Cf/C, o
where Cf is the concentration of platinum in the product froth and C0 is the initial feed platinum concentration.
Varying the molar ratio of surfactant to platinum affects both the recovery and the upgrade ratio in any experiment. EXAMPLE 1
Stock solutions of platinocyanide were prepared using a procedure given by Taylor (1960, p.799). Platinum chloride was boiled with a stoichiometric quantity of sodium cyanide in deionised water to produce sodium platinocyanide by the equation:
6 NaCN + PtCl4 → N_»2 Pt(CN)4 + 4 NaCl + (CN)2
Cyanogen gas was emitted and Pt(CN)4 2' ions remained in solution.
The stock solutions were then subsampled to produce experimental mixtures containing 10 ppm Pt metal in solution. The surfactant added was CTAB, introduced at various molar ratios to the platinum.
The results obtained are discussed below.
(a) Effect of Froth Depth on Recovery
Figure 2 shows the platinum recovery % curves as a function of collector dose at two cell froth depths in laboratory ion flotation experiments using a quaternary ammonium surfactant. In the case of the froth depth of 10%, the recovery approached 95% while for a froth depth of 20%, recovery only approached 90%. This is in line with the previous work of Engel et al (1990) which described how a higher vertical froth depth requires a larger amount of surfactant to support a stable froth structure and ensure complete flotation recovery. Thus for a given surfactant dose, a system with a deeper froth structure will suffer a reduced metal recovery.
(b) Effect of Froth Depth on Upgrade Ratio
Figure 3 shows the upgrade ratio of platinum as a function of collector dose at two cell froth depths in laboratory ion flotation experiments using a quaternary ammonium surfactant. In normal practice, a deeper froth bed results in a higher upgrade ratio due to a froth drainage mechanism, as described by Engel et al (1990). This is shown clearly in Figure 3. At very low doses of surfactant, extremely high upgrade ratios were recorded for the 10% froth depth experiments (Figure 4, the same as Figure 3 but including some extra data points at low surfactant doses). For experiments at cell froth depths of 20%, had the froth been sufficiently stable, it is likely that this trend would have continued, also.
In summary Pt(CN)4 2" ions may be concentrated by ion flotation using quaternary ammonium surfactants. Recoveries of more than 90% have been recorded with upgrade ratios in the range of 5 to 900. At best an 85% recovery of Pt was recorded with an accompanying upgrade ratio of 917.
(c) Effect of the Presence of Aurocyanide Anions on Platinum Cyanide
Ion Flotation Recovery
The flotation procedure was as described above with the exception that the Pt(CN)4 2" feed solutions also had 10 ppm Au metal added to them from a prepared stock solution of Au(CN)2 ". The cell froth depth was maintained at 10% and Pt recovery still approached 95%. Gold recovery, however, reached completion (100%) in these experiments. The presence of gold caused no marked change to the consumption of surfactant. Figure 5 shows the platinum and gold recovery (%) curves as a function of collector dose in laboratory ion flotation experiments using a quaternary ammonium surfactant.
(d) Effect of the Presence of Aurocyanide Anions on Platinum Cyanide Ion Flotation Upgrade Ratio
Figure 6 shows the platinum and gold upgrade ration curves as a function of collector dose, produced in the experiments described in (c). In all cases the gold upgrade ratio exceeded that of platinum except in the region of low surfactant dose when very much higher platinum upgrade ratios were recorded.
These results demonstrate that, given the conect surfactant doses, excellent gold and platinum recoveries are possible from mixed solutions, producing higher upgrade ratios of platinum compared to gold.
REFERENCES
1. Berg, E.W. & Downey, M.D., Analytica Chimica Acta, 120, 237 (1980)
2. Charewicz, W. and Gendolla, T., Applied Chemistry, 15, 383 (1972) 3. Davis, B.M. and Sebba, F., 1966, J. Applied Chemistry, 16, 293.
4. Engel, M.D., Moxon, N.T. and Nicol, S.K., 1990, "A Novel Use of Ion
Flotation for Recovery of Gold from Extremely Dilute Solutions",
Proc. Randol Gold Forum 90, Squaw Valley, California, 13-15
September, p.229-235. 5. Grieves, R.B. and Bhattacharyya, D., 1969, /. Applied Chemistry, 19,
115. 6. Mikhailov, V.N., Glazkov, E.N. and Larionov, E.V. Sb, Nauchn, Tr.
Sredneaziat, Nauchno-Issled, Proektn. Inst. Tsvetn. Metall., (II), 1975,
103-107. 7. Pinfold, T., 1972, "Ion Flotation" from R. Lemich "Adsorptive Bubble
Separation Techniques", Academic Press, 331pp.
8. Rubin, A.J., Johnson, J.D., and Lamb, J.C., /. eSc E.C. Process Design & Development, 5, 368 (1966).
9. Sebba, F., 1959, Nature, 184, 1062. 10. Sebba, F., 1962, "Ion Flotation", Elsevier, 150 pp.
11. Taylor, F.S., 1960, "Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry" Heinemai .

Claims

1. A method for ion flotation of platinum ions, characterised in that the flotation reagent employed is a cationic surfactant of formula (I):
R4
I R3 - N+ - R1 X" ( I )
I R2
wherein R is a ,Q - C, g alkyl group,
R is a lower alkyl group, or benzene ring optionally substituted with one or more lower alkyl groups, and R 2 and R 4 are lower alkyl groups; or R 1 , R2 and R 4 are methyl groups, and
3 R is a benzene ring substituted with a G, Q - G, g alkoxy group;
and X is a halogen atom.
2. A method as claimed in Claim 2, wherein the platinum ion is a platinocyanide anion.
3. A method as claimed in Claim 1 or Claim 2, characterised in that the C^Q-C^g alkyl or alkoxy group contains from 12 to 16 carbon atoms.
4. A method as claimed in Claim 3, characterised in that the C^g-C^g alkyl or alkoxy group contains 16 carbon atoms.
5. A method as claimed in any one of Claims 1 to 4, characterised in that the lower alkyl group(s) contain from 1 to 3 carbons.
6. A method as claimed in Claim 1, characterised in that the compoimd of formula (I) is selected from:
Benzyldimethyldodecylammonium bromide, Dimethyldodecylphenylammoi ium bromide, Trimethyl-p-dodecyloxyphenylammonium bromide, N,N-dimethyl-N-dodecyl-3,5-dimethylanilinium bromide,
Myristyltrimethylammonium bromide Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, and Dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide.
7. A method for the extraction of platinum using ion flotation, characterised in that the flotation reagent employed is a cationic surfactant as defined in any one of Claims 1 to 6.
8. The use as an ion flotation reagent in the ion flotation of platinocyanide ions, of a cationic surfactant of formula (I), as defined in any one of the preceding claims.
PCT/AU1992/000230 1991-05-22 1992-05-22 Ion flotation of platinum ions WO1992020826A1 (en)

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AUPK628191 1991-05-22

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Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AU5416890A (en) * 1989-04-05 1990-11-05 Broken Hill Proprietary Company Limited, The Ion flotation with quaternary ammonium cationic surfactants

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AU5416890A (en) * 1989-04-05 1990-11-05 Broken Hill Proprietary Company Limited, The Ion flotation with quaternary ammonium cationic surfactants

Non-Patent Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
ANALYTICA CHEMICA ACTA, Volume 120 (1980), pages 237-248, (Elsevier Scientific Publishing Co., Amsterdam), BERG et al., "Ion Flotation Studies of the Chlorocomplexes of Some Platinum Group Metals". *
ANALYTICA CHEMICA ACTA, Volume 123 (1981), pages 1-8, (Elsevier Scientific Publishing Co., Amsterdam), BERG et al., "The Separation of Platinum and Iridium by Ion Flotation". *
ANALYTICA CHEMICA ACTA, Volume 134 (1982), pages 313-320, (Elsevier Scientific Publishing Co., Amsterdam), BERG et al., "The Separation of Palladium and Platinum by Ion Flotation". *
CHEMICAL ABSTRACTS, Volume 102, Issued 1985 (Columbus, Ohio, USA), V.V. SVIRIDOV, "Flotation of Acido and Hydroxy Complexes of Aluminum-Subgroup Metals", Abstract No. 29169x. *
CHEMICAL ABSTRACTS, Volume 79, No. 4, Issued 1973 (Columbus, Ohio, USA), W. CHAREWICZ, "Ionic Flotation of Gold (I) Cyanide Complexes", Abstract No. 21991w. *
CHEMICAL ABSTRACTS, Volume 92, Issued 1980 (Columbus, Ohio, USA), G.V. KUZMICHEV, "Ion Flotation Concentration of Platinum Metals From Chloride Solutions", Abstract No. 132535n. *
CHEMICAL ABSTRACTS, Volume 96, Issued 1982 (Columbus, Ohio, USA), C. McDONALD, "Solvent Extraction Studies Using High-Molecular-Weight Amines", Abstract No. 75341c. *
CHEMICAL ABSTRACTS, Volume 98, Issued 1983 (Columbus, Ohio, USA), L.I. USHAKOVA, "Recovery of Tantalum Compounds From Aqueous Solutions by Ion Flotation", Abstract No. 219491t. *
CHEMICAL ABSTRACTS, Volume 98, Issued 1983 (Columbus, Ohio, USA), N.M. EVTYUGINA, "Effect of Surfactant Compound Solubility on Anion Flotation", Abstract No. 91882b. *

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