WO1992008357A1 - Combinaisons herbicides de produits de fermentation microbiens et d'agents chimiques - Google Patents

Combinaisons herbicides de produits de fermentation microbiens et d'agents chimiques Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1992008357A1
WO1992008357A1 PCT/US1991/008312 US9108312W WO9208357A1 WO 1992008357 A1 WO1992008357 A1 WO 1992008357A1 US 9108312 W US9108312 W US 9108312W WO 9208357 A1 WO9208357 A1 WO 9208357A1
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Prior art keywords
pseudomonas
medium
conditioned
herbicide
weeds
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PCT/US1991/008312
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English (en)
Inventor
Peter S. Carlson
Kathleen Herbst
Stanley J. Kostka
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Crop Genetics International Corporation
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Priority to JP4501895A priority Critical patent/JPH06503088A/ja
Publication of WO1992008357A1 publication Critical patent/WO1992008357A1/fr

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N63/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing microorganisms, viruses, microbial fungi, animals or substances produced by, or obtained from, microorganisms, viruses, microbial fungi or animals, e.g. enzymes or fermentates
    • A01N63/30—Microbial fungi; Substances produced thereby or obtained therefrom
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N63/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing microorganisms, viruses, microbial fungi, animals or substances produced by, or obtained from, microorganisms, viruses, microbial fungi or animals, e.g. enzymes or fermentates
    • A01N63/30—Microbial fungi; Substances produced thereby or obtained therefrom
    • A01N63/34—Aspergillus
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N63/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing microorganisms, viruses, microbial fungi, animals or substances produced by, or obtained from, microorganisms, viruses, microbial fungi or animals, e.g. enzymes or fermentates
    • A01N63/20—Bacteria; Substances produced thereby or obtained therefrom
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N63/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing microorganisms, viruses, microbial fungi, animals or substances produced by, or obtained from, microorganisms, viruses, microbial fungi or animals, e.g. enzymes or fermentates
    • A01N63/20—Bacteria; Substances produced thereby or obtained therefrom
    • A01N63/22—Bacillus
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N63/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing microorganisms, viruses, microbial fungi, animals or substances produced by, or obtained from, microorganisms, viruses, microbial fungi or animals, e.g. enzymes or fermentates
    • A01N63/20—Bacteria; Substances produced thereby or obtained therefrom
    • A01N63/27—Pseudomonas
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N63/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing microorganisms, viruses, microbial fungi, animals or substances produced by, or obtained from, microorganisms, viruses, microbial fungi or animals, e.g. enzymes or fermentates
    • A01N63/20—Bacteria; Substances produced thereby or obtained therefrom
    • A01N63/28—Streptomyces

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for
  • herbicides is heavily regulated, and proper disposal of these containers can be inconvenient and expensive for farmers.
  • bialaphos L-2-amino-4-[(hydroxy)(methyl)phosphinoyl]-butyl-L-alanyl-L- alanine.
  • microorganisms for weed control is to use the living
  • bioherbicides themselves as bioherbicides.
  • Most of the living organisms that have been developed as bioherbicides are fungi (mycoherbicides).
  • Fungal plant pathogens are generally highly selective, infecting only a single species or a narrow range of plants. Therefore, mycoherbicides have been used mainly as selective herbicides directed at specific species of weeds.
  • U.S. Patent No. 3,999,973 to Templeton teaches the use of Colletotrichum malvarum as a mycoherbicide for controlling prickly sida (Sida spinosa L.). Fungi have not been developed as broad spectrum
  • mycoherbicides for the control of multiple weed species.
  • mycoherbicides for the control of multiple weed species.
  • R. Charudattan "The Use of Natural and Genetically Altered Strains of Pathogens for Weed Control" in M.A. Hoy and D.C. Herzog (eds.), Biological Control in Agricultural IPM
  • microorganisms While the use of living microorganisms as bioherbicides has potential advantages compared to the use of chemical herbicides, it entails numerous problems. Microorganisms must be kept viable during storage and application.
  • the present invention employs a different strategy. It does not entail the laborious isolation of specific toxins produced by microorganisms. It also avoids some of the problems inherent in the use of living microorganisms in the field as bioherbicides. Rather, media in which
  • microorganisms have grown are used to potentiate the actions of chemical herbicides, making it possible to employ lower concentrations of the chemical herbicides. With this approach, it is unnecessary to engage in the lengthy and expensive process of isolating the active herbicidal factors in the conditioned media. Rather, the conditioned media can be used as is, or after processing involving simple
  • conditioned medium culture medium in which microorganisms have grown
  • chemical herbicides to control weeds, wherein the combination of chemical herbicide and conditioned medium produces a greater degree of injury than is produced by the herbicide or conditioned medium alone.
  • the conditioned medium need not be purified and phytotoxic materials in the conditioned medium need not be identified in order to use this approach for effective weed control. With this approach to the control of weeds, it is possible to reduce the amount of chemical herbicides that are introduced into the
  • the present invention overcomes the problems and
  • the present invention comprises a method of controlling weeds by applying to the weeds a chemical herbicide combined with medium conditioned by the growth of microorganisms, wherein the action of the herbicide is enhanced by the conditioned medium and wherein conditioned medium is
  • the chemical agent and conditioned medium are applied in amounts wherein killing of the weeds or the inhibition of weed growth is greater than would be caused by the same amounts of the chemical herbicide or conditioned medium applied alone.
  • Another embodiment of the invention comprises a method of controlling the growth of weeds by applying a chemical herbicide together with conditioned medium which has been further processed by techniques such as concentration, filtration or fractionation, wherein inhibition of weed growth or killing of the weeds is greater than would be obtained by the same amounts of herbicide or processed conditioned medium applied alone.
  • Another embodiment of the invention comprises a method for controlling weeds to prevent or inhibit weed growth which comprises applying to soil containing the seeds of weeds a herbicide and a conditioned medium, wherein the action of the herbicide on the seeds is enhanced by the conditioned medium, and wherein the conditioned medium is effective to enhance the activity of the herbicide, so that the killing of the seeds or the inhibition of the growth of weeds developing from the seeds is greater than would be caused by the same amounts of the herbicide or conditioned medium applied alone.
  • herbicidal composition comprising a chemical herbicide in combination with a conditioned medium or processed
  • conditioned medium present in an amount sufficient to enhance the activity of the chemical herbicide.
  • Figure 1 shows the effects of conditioned medium on herbicidal actions of sulfosate applied at 0.06 lbs/acre
  • Figure 2 shows the effects of conditioned medium on herbicidal actions of sulfosate applied at 0.125 lbs/acre (0.140 kg/ha).
  • Figure 3 shows the effects of conditioned medium on herbicidal actions of sulfosate applied at 0.25 lbs/acre
  • a weed is "any plant that is objectionable or interferes with the activities or welfare of man" at the location where it is growing.
  • a herbicide here also called a chemical herbicide
  • a herbicide is a
  • Culture medium or medium is used here to refer to compositions prepared to support the growth and maintenance of microorganisms.
  • Conditioned medium refers to any such medium in which microorganisms have grown. Medium in which microorganisms have grown is sometimes referred to as "spent medium” or “spent broth.”
  • conditioned medium is used here because the intended meaning is analogous to the use of this term in other contexts such as the tissue culture of eukaryotic cells, where emphasis is placed on the fact that the biological properties of the medium have been changed as a result of the growth of cells in the medium.
  • processed conditioned medium will be used here to refer to materials derived from conditioned medium by processing the conditioned medium with treatments that alter its composition, where the processed product is a relatively complex mixture of constituents resulting from the
  • Such treatments may include, but are not limited to, concentration, drying, lyophilization, filtration, ultrafiltration, dialysis, removal of sediment by centrifugation, pasteurization, freezing, boiling, adjustment of pH, and the addition of chemicals such as preservatives, stabilizers, and agents to kill the microorganisms.
  • This definition also includes partial purification by means including, but not limited to concentration, extraction, fractionation, and precipitation.
  • processed conditioned medium is intended to exclude highly purified compounds isolated from conditioned culture media. After processing, the resulting processed conditioned medium remains a type of conditioned medium, and the general term "conditioned medium” encompasses processed conditioned media.
  • a chemical herbicide and conditioned medium (which may be a processed conditioned medium), are both applied topically to weeds or to soil containing seeds of weeds.
  • conditioned medium are applied by well-known methods of application such as spraying or as a soil drench.
  • Application may be preemergent, postemergent or as a
  • the application is postemergent.
  • the herbicide and the conditioned medium are applied to the seeds of weeds before the seeds have
  • the invention can be used to control weeds in an agricultural setting and can also be used for nonagricultural
  • the invention can be used to control weeds in turf and as a contact bioherbicide for the management of roadside vegetation.
  • the chemical herbicide and the conditioned medium are generally applied simultaneously, usually in a single
  • the chemical and the conditioned medium can also be applied from separate tanks, and may be applied sequentially.
  • compositions for practice of the invention can be formulated in numerous ways, including flowables, dry
  • bioherbicide i.e., a medium conditioned by one microorganism can be used together with a different microorganism which acts as a bioherbicide.
  • Various chemical herbicides can be used to practice this invention. The embodiments described below employed
  • phytohormones such as indole acetic acid derivatives and also include enzyme cofactors, allelopathic compounds, and
  • Microorganisms that can be used to condition their culture medium include bacteria and fungi.
  • the invention here described can be practiced using naturally occurring microorganisms that are readily obtained from public
  • modified to produce more potent conditioned medium can be produced more potent conditioned medium.
  • Well known techniques for the isolation or selection of mutants, either naturally occurring or induced, can be used to obtain bacteria that produce more effective conditioned media.
  • This can also be done by modifying the microorganisms using well known techniques of genetic engineering and recombinant DNA.
  • the methods of genetic engineering can be used to insert the genes for the production of known phytotoxins into microorganisms that condition media by the production of other, possibly unknown, toxins.
  • Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci has been found to be useful for this purpose.
  • Other species that are known to produce phytotoxins may be used.
  • phytopathogenic bacteria that may used to practice this invention are listed in Table 3A.
  • Other phytopathogenic bacteria may be selected from several prokaryotic genera including, but not limited to, Pseudomonas, Xanthomonas,
  • herbicides See, for example. Table 3B.
  • fungi that can be used to practice this invention are listed in Table 4. Both phytopathogenic fungi (Table 4A) and fungi that are not usually phytopathogenic (Table 4B) may be used.
  • liquid media A wide variety of liquid media can be used.
  • the liquid media can be used.
  • compositions of media appropriate for growing various species of microorganisms are well known in the art, as are methods for growing microorganisms and liquid media on a commercial scale. See, e.g., E.L. Demain and N.A. Solomon (Eds.),
  • microorganisms will be conditioned by the microorganisms.
  • liquid media are especially convenient for the practice of this invention, in principle pulverized solid media or extracts of solid media may be used.
  • a particular microorganism can be used to condition a variety of different medium compositions, all of which will be effective in potentiating the actions of herbicides.
  • Whether a particular medium is preferable to others can easily be determined by testing under greenhouse or field conditions. Optimization of other parameters such as amount of herbicide, temperature, time of incubation, degree of aeration and agitation, etc., can also be determined by a person of ordinary skill by means of simple comparative testing.
  • composition of the medium may be modified to further enhance the potency of the conditioned medium by applying information known in the art concerning specific microorganisms.
  • the medium was supplemented with zinc, which has been reported to enhance the production of toxin by Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci. Durbin, R.D., and Uchytil, T.F., The Role of Zinc in Regulating Tabtoxin Production, Experientia 41; 136-37 (1985).
  • zinc which has been reported to enhance the production of toxin by Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci.
  • Durbin, R.D. and Uchytil, T.F.
  • the growth conditions also may be modified to further enhance the potency of the conditioned medium.
  • U.S. Patent No. 4,273,571 to Berg discloses the production of a herbicidal compound under aerobic conditions.
  • optimal conditions for production of conditioned medium will vary with different organisms and media. These can be determined through routine comparative testing under greenhouse or field conditions. After medium has been conditioned by the growth of microorganisms, the living microorganisms must be either killed or must be removed from the medium.
  • microorganisms can be removed by well known methods such as sedimentation and microfiltration or ultrafiltration.
  • the organisms may be killed by well known methods such as heating, irradiation, or the use of
  • herbicide paraquat effectively kills Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci within one hour.
  • bacteria After the bacteria have been killed, they may be removed from the conditioned medium, by sedimentation, filtration or other means. However, the invention can also be practiced without removing the dead bacteria from the conditioned medium.
  • a conditioned medium may be processed in other ways for
  • Such treatments may include, but are not limited to, concentration, drying, lyophilization, filtration, ultrafiltration, dialysis, removal of sediment by centrifugation, pasteurization, freezing, boiling, adjustment of pH, and the addition of chemicals such as preservatives, stabilizers and agents to kill the microorganisms.
  • Such treatments also include
  • partial purification by means including, but not limited to concentration, extraction, fractionation, and precipitation.
  • the components in the conditioned medium may enhance the action of the chemical herbicide through various mechanisms.
  • the microorganisms may produce known or unknown phytotoxins.
  • a combination of toxins in the medium may act synergistically.
  • the effective components in the medium may not necessarily be toxins.
  • Compounds in the medium, not otherwise phytotoxic, may have synergistic interactions with the herbicide, and may also have
  • United States Patent No. 4,436,547 to Sampson states that a variety of growth-enhancing additives including carbohydrates, fatty acids and vitamins, can enhance the action of herbicides.
  • Mixtures of more than one conditioned medium, each medium being conditioned by a different microorganism, may be advantageous. Such mixtures may be especially effective where the different conditioned media facilitate the actions of herbicides through different mechanisms of action
  • the formulation of the invention may also contain adjuvants such as surfactants and suspension agents.
  • adjuvants examples include spreaders such as ORTHO-77 ® , ATTAGEL-40 ® and X-77 ® , and organosilicones such as SILWETT L-77 ® , SILWETT L-7607 ® , X2-5309 (Dow Corning), and X2-5395 (Dow Corning).
  • spreaders such as ORTHO-77 ® , ATTAGEL-40 ® and X-77 ®
  • organosilicones such as SILWETT L-77 ® , SILWETT L-7607 ® , X2-5309 (Dow Corning), and X2-5395 (Dow Corning).
  • Crop oils that can be used as
  • adjuvants include Sure Crop Agri, Crop Surf, and CIDE-KICK ® .
  • Other adjuvants that might be used include SOY-DEX ® , AGRI- DEX ® , TRITON AG-98 ® , STEROX ® , or invert emulsions.
  • Examples 2-4 illustrate the type of experiment that can be performed to determine the
  • the effect of the conditioned media is most evident when the herbicide is applied at a level where the herbicide alone produces weak or marginal effects on the weeds. Where the herbicide at a particular dosage already produces a high degree of weed control, additional benefits from the addition of conditioned media may not be apparent. Control is more apparent when the weed shows partial response to the level of chemical herbicide employed. Preferred levels for the application of three herbicides (sulfosate, glyphosate, and glufosinate) are illustrated in Examples 2-5 below. Effects of varying the concentration of one
  • herbicides employed by giving users the option to replace the traditional prophylactic preemergent herbicide application with more efficient postemergent application A postemergent chemical herbicide used in conjunction with conditioned medium could be applied selectively only as required
  • the constituents of conditioned medium are expected to be naturally occurring substances. Thus, it can be
  • Example 1 describes the preparation of a conditioned medium.
  • the strain of Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci used was isolated from a tobacco plant in Maryland by Dr. Arvydas Grybauskas of the Department of Botany, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland. The strain has been deposited with the
  • the bacteria were grown in liquid culture in modified
  • Example 2 illustrates the effects of combining
  • Sulfosate (trimethylsulfonium carboxymethylaminomethylphosphonate; see U.S. Patent No. 4,315,765) was obtained from ICI Americas, Inc., Agricultural Products Division,
  • weeds tested were morningglory (a mixture of Ipomea purpurea and I. hederacea., velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti), cocklebur (Xanthium strumarium), redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus) and jimsonweed (Datura stramonium) .
  • the grasses that were tested were barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crusgalli), yellow foxtail (Setaria glauca), johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense) and fall panicum (Panicum dichotomiflorum). These were selected as being weeds of economic importance in row crops and as representing a spectrum of plant families. Effects were also tested on two major crops, corn and soybean. Both of these plants may become weeds when they appear in fields that are being cultivated for other crops.
  • Seedlings were grown in 4-inch (10.2 cm) pots in a greenhouse under ordinary greenhouse conditions. Four treatments were compared: water alone, sulfosate alone, conditioned medium alone, or sulfosate plus conditioned medium. Sulfosate was applied at 0.06 lb/A (0.067 kg/ha), which is one-eighth of the minimum rate recommended for application in the field. To standardize the treatments, all solutions were sprayed on the weeds using a Model SB8 Spray Booth manufactured by DeVries Manufacturing (Hollandale, Minnesota) that was purchased from R & D Sprayers, Inc.
  • the sprayer was calibrated to deliver 25 gallons per acre (234 liters/ hectare) with a nozzle pressure of 23-25 pounds per square inch (1.6-1.7 bars).
  • the speed of the traveling spray nozzle was 3.0 miles per hour (4.83 km/hr).
  • active agents in X-77 ® are alkylarylpolyoxyethylene glycols, free fatty acids and isopropanol.
  • the experimental design was a randomized complete block design with at least 2 replications per treatment and 2 plants per replication.
  • Example 3 shows the effect of combining conditioned medium with higher levels of sulfosate (0.125 and 0.25 lbs/ acre) (0.14 and 0.28 kg/ha).
  • Example 1 The effects of conditioned medium was determined for sulfosate applied at 0.125 and 0.25 lbs/acre (0.14 and 0.28 kg/ha).
  • Conditioned medium was produced as described in Example 1. Experiments were performed and plant injury was evaluated as described in Example 2.
  • Table 5B and Figure 2 show the effect of conditioned medium on sulfosate applied at 0.125 lbs/acre (0.14 kg/ha), which is one-fourth of the minimum recommended field application rate. Symbols in
  • Figure 2 are the same as in Figure 1.
  • Conditioned medium enhanced the injury scores for all of the plants tested. The degree of enhancement was greatest for those plants where the sulfosate alone produced a percent injury score of 30% or less.
  • values for sulfosate alone are the average of 5 experiments and values for sulfosate plus conditioned medium are the average of 4 experiments.
  • conditioned medium produced only modest or no enhancement.
  • values for sulfosate alone are the average of 2 experiments and values for sulfosate plus conditioned medium are from one experiment.
  • Example 4 shows the effect of combining conditioned medium with another herbicide, glyphosate.
  • glyphosate (ROUNDUP ® ) with conditioned medium. Glyphosate was tested at two application rates, 0.06 lbs/acre (0.067 kg/ ha) and 0.125 lbs/acre (0.14 kg/ha). Recommended rates for application of glyphosate in the field range from 0.5 to 4.0 lbs/acre (0.56 to 4.48 kg/ha). Conditioned medium from
  • Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci was prepared as described in Example 1. Experiments were performed and plant injury was evaluated as described in Example 2.
  • Example 5 shows the effect of combining conditioned medium with another herbicide, glufosinate.
  • glufosinate IGNITE ®
  • the minimum recommended field application rate for glufosinate is 0.5 lbs/acre (0.56 kg/ha).
  • Conditioned medium was prepared as described in Example 1 and the methods were as described in Example 2.
  • glufosinate produced very high degrees of injury in the broadleaf weeds ranging from 90 to 100%, and additional effects of conditioned medium could not be determined for those plants (Table 7).
  • Conditioned medium enhanced the effectiveness of the glufosinate on grasses.
  • Example 6 shows the effect of combining conditioned medium with some other herbicides.
  • Conditioned medium from Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci was prepared as described in Example 1. Experiments were performed and plant injury was evaluated as described in Example 2. In preliminary experiments, conditioned medium enhanced the effect of paraquat (applied over a range of 0.015-0.125 lbs/acre [0.017-0.14 kg/ha]) on grasses, but produced no consistent enhancement of injury to broadleaf weeds or the crop plants (soybean and corn). Under the conditions tested, medium conditioned by Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci produced no enhancement of the effects of dicamba (0.06 and 0.125 lbs/acre [0.067 and 0.14 kg/ha]).
  • Examples 7-28 show the effects of media conditioned by other species of microorganisms and the use of additional herbicides.
  • King's B Medium was conditioned by various microorganisms as described in Example 1. In these experiments the medium was supplemented by zinc, although subsequent experiments suggest that zinc is probably not necessary for producing conditioned media that enhance the action of herbicides.
  • the herbicides were dissolved in water.
  • the herbicide was dissolved in undiluted conditioned medium.
  • Nonselective, broad spectrum herbicides included glufosinate, sulfosate, and imazapyr (ARSENAL ® , American Cyanamid).
  • Herbicides selective for grasses included fluazifop (FUSILADE 2000 ® , ICI Americas, Inc.), and sethoxydim (POAST ® , BASF Corp.).
  • Herbicides selective for broadleaf weeds included chlorimuron (CLASSIC ® , E.I. DuPont De Nemours and Co.), dicamba (BANVEL ® , Sandoz Crop Protection Corp.), bentazon (BASAGRAN ® , BASF Corp.), fomesafen (REFLEX ® , ICI Americas, Inc.), and imazethapyr (PURSUIT ® , American Cyanamid).
  • T include: fluazifop - 0.063 lb/A (0.07 kg/ha); sethoxydim - 0.1 lb/A (0.12 kg/ha); imazapyr - 0.5 lb/A (0.55 kg/ha); imazethapyr - 0.03 lb/A (0.3 g/ha); bentazon - 0.75 lb/A (0.84 kg/ha); dicamba - 0.1 lb/A (0.12 kg/ha); chlorimuron - 0.5 oz/A (8 g/ha); and fomesafen - 0.125 lb/A (0.14 kg/ha).
  • X-77 ® (0.25%) was added as an adjuvant.
  • the adjuvant was Crop Oil Concentrate ("C.O.C.”; Crop Surf Spray Oil, Universal Cooperatives, Inc., 7801 Metro Parkway,
  • Examples 7-10 show the effect of medium conditioned by other pathovars of Pseudomonas syringae.
  • Pathovars tested were Pseudomonas syringae pv. coronafaciens (ATCC #19607), Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola (ATCC #19304),
  • Table 8 shows the effect of medium conditioned by
  • Pseudomonas syringae pv. coronafaciens on the actions of several herbicides, some of which were tested at more than one concentration.
  • the conditioned medium was effective in enhancing the action of glufosinate and sulfosate on both broadleaf weeds and grasses.
  • the conditioned medium enhanced the action of the grass-selective herbicides (fluazifop and sethoxydim) on grasses, and there was modest enhancement of the action of the broadleaf herbicides on a few broadleaf weeds.
  • Fluazifop (0.006 lb/A) (0.0067 kg/ha): large crabgrass (+++); broadleaf signal grass (++++); giant foxtail (++++); green foxtail (+++++); barnyard grass (++++); yellow foxtail (++++); johnsongrass (+++++); and red millet (+).
  • Sethoxydim (0.015 lb/A) (0.017 kg/ha): large crabgrass (++, +++); broadleaf signal grass (+, ++);
  • Table 9 shows the effect of medium conditioned by
  • Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola (ATCC #19304) on the actions of herbicides.
  • Table 10 shows the effect of medium conditioned by
  • Table 11 shows the effect of medium conditioned by
  • Examples 11-20 show the effects of media conditioned by various pseudomonads on the action of herbicides.
  • Table 12 shows the effect of medium conditioned by
  • Table 13 shows the effect of medium conditioned by
  • Table 14 shows the effect of medium conditioned by
  • Pseudomonas auricularis ATCC #27319. Medium conditioned by Pseudomonas auricularis was also tested for its effect on other weeds. The results were as follows:
  • C.O.C. large crabgrass (++++); broadleaf signal grass (+); giant foxtail (+); green foxtail (+); red millet (+); and tall fescue (+).
  • Fluazifop (0.009 lb/A) (0.010 kg/ha): broadleaf signal grass (+++++); giant foxtail (++);
  • Imazapyr (0.004 lb/A) (0.0045 kg/ha): quackgrass (++.); purple nutsedge (0); Canada thistle (0); bindweed (+); bermuda grass (+); and rhizome johnsongrass (-).
  • Table 15 shows the effect of medium conditioned by
  • Table 16 shows the effect of medium conditioned by
  • Imazapyr (0.004 lb/A) (0.0045 kg/ha): quackgrass (+); purple nutsedge (0); Canada thistle (0); bindweed (++); bermuda grass (-); and rhizome
  • Fluazifop (0.006 lb/A) (0.0067 kg/ha): broadleaf signal grass (+++); giant foxtail (+++); green foxtail (+++); quackgrass (0); and red millet (++).
  • Table 17 shows the effect of Pseudomonas cichorii (ATCC #19857).
  • Table 18 shows the effect of medium conditioned by
  • Table 19 shows the effect of medium conditioned by
  • Table 20 shows the effect of medium conditioned by
  • quackgrass (++); purple nutsedge (0); bindweed (+++); bermuda grass ( ⁇ ); and rhizome johnsongrass (++).
  • Table 21 shows the effect of medium conditioned by
  • Pseudomonas pyrocinia ATCC #15958.
  • Examples 21-26 show the effect of medium conditioned by other types of bacteria on the action of herbicides.
  • Table 22 shows the effect of medium conditioned by
  • Table 22A shows that the conditioned media enhanced the effects of fluazifop and sethoxydim on a variety of grasses. Two separate experiments with sethoxydim are shown.
  • Table 22B shows the effect of the conditioned media on the actions of glufosinate, sulfosate and imazapyr on some additional weeds.
  • Table 23 shows the effect of medium conditioned by
  • Bacillus subtilis (ATCC #14593) on the action of herbicides.
  • Table 24 shows the effect of medium conditioned by
  • jimsonweed (0*); bindweed (+++); morningglory (0*);
  • Imazapyr (0.05 lb/A) (0.056 kg/ha): barnyard grass (++); quackgrass (+); leafy spurge (0); yellow nutsedge (0); Canada thistle (++); jimsonweed (0*);
  • Table 25 shows the effect of medium conditioned by
  • Flavinomonas oryzihabitans (ATCC #43272) on the action of herbicides.
  • Table 26 shows the effect of medium conditioned by
  • Xanthomonas campestris pv. phaseoli (ATCC #11766) on the action of herbicides.
  • Table 27 shows the effect of medium conditioned by
  • Xanthomonas campestris pv. translucens ATCC #10731. Other weeds were also tested.
  • Table 28 summarizes the effects of media conditioned by the organisms of Examples 7-26 on the action of herbicides. With most combinations that were tested, the conditioned media plus herbicide caused more injury than herbicide alone on more than half of the weed species examined (indicated by "Y" in Table 28). The action of glufosinate and sethoxydim was enhanced by all of the conditioned media tested for more than half of the species of weeds. The action of sulfosate was enhanced by all but one of the conditioned media and the action of fluazifop was enhanced by all but two of the conditioned media for more than half of the weeds tested.
  • Glufosinate 3 +++ ++++ 0* 0* NT NT NT Sulfosate 4 ⁇ ++ NT NT * NT NT 0* Sulfosate 4 ++ 0 ++++ 0* ++ NT NT NT Sulfosate 5 + +++ ++ 0* ⁇ NT NT NT NT
  • Fluazifop 7 0(NA) 0(NA) 0(NA) 0(NA) 0(NA) 0(NA) NT NT
  • Chlorimuron 12 0(NA) 0(NA) 0(NA) NT + NT
  • Chlorimuron 5 0(NA) 0(NA) 0(NA) NT 0(NA) NT
  • Glufosinate 2 ++++ +++ +* +* -* NT NT NT Sulfosate 3 ++ ++ +++ +++++ +++++ NT NT NT Sulfosate 4 + + - 0* NT NT NT
  • Chlorimuron 5 0(NA) 0(NA) 0(NA) NT 0(NA) NT
  • Dicamba 6 0(NA) 0(NA) 0(NA) NT 0(NA) NT 1 0.09 lb/A (0.101 kg/ha) glufosinate, 0.5% X-77
  • Fluazifop 4 0(NA) 0(NA) NT NT 0(NA) 0(NA) NT NT
  • Fluazifop 4 0(NA) 0(NA) NT NT 0(NA) 0(NA) NT NT
  • Chlorimuron 5 0 (NA) 0(NA) 0 (NA) NT 0 (NA) NT Dicamba 6 0(NA) 0(NA) 0(NA) NT 0(NA) NT
  • Fluazifop 4 0(NA) 0(NA) NT NT 0(NA) 0(NA) NT NT
  • Fluazifop 4 0(NA) 0(NA) NT NT 0(NA) 0(NA) NT NT
  • Chlorimuron 5 0(NA) 0(NA) 0(NA) NT 0(NA) NT
  • Dicamba 6 0(NA) 0(NA) 0(NA) NT 0(NA) NT 1 0.09 lb/A (0.101 kg/ha) glufosinate

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  • Virology (AREA)
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Abstract

Procédé de lutte contre la croissance des mauvaises herbes consistant à appliquer sur ces mauvaises herbes un herbicide ou un autre agent chimique, et milieu de culture dans lequel des microorganismes tels que des bactéries et des champignons se sont développés. L'action herbicide de l'herbicide chimique lorsqu'il est combiné avec le milieu conditionné est supérieure à l'action herbicide de l'herbicide seul. Ledit procédé rend possible l'éradication d'une vaste gamme d'espèces de mauvaises herbes en utilisant des quantités d'herbicide plus faibles que celles qui sont nécessaires en cas d'utilisation de l'herbicide seul. Le milieu peut être traité de manière à être concentré ou partiellement purifié, mais il n'est pas nécessaire d'identifier ou de purifier les agents spécifiques contenus dans le milieu qui favorisent l'action de l'agent chimique.
PCT/US1991/008312 1990-11-16 1991-11-14 Combinaisons herbicides de produits de fermentation microbiens et d'agents chimiques WO1992008357A1 (fr)

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Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1994027444A2 (fr) * 1993-05-28 1994-12-08 Crop Genetics International Corporation Nouvelle toxine bacterienne utilisable comme regulateur de la croissance des vegetaux et comme herbicide
EP0944315A1 (fr) * 1995-05-30 1999-09-29 Micro Flo Company Compositions a usage agricole renfermant des bacteries
US6103875A (en) * 1996-11-26 2000-08-15 Pharmagenesis, Inc. Antifungal compounds from pseudomonas viridiflava
WO2022195585A1 (fr) * 2021-03-14 2022-09-22 The State Of Israel, Ministry Of Agriculture & Rural Development, Agricultural Research Organization (Aro) (Volcani Institute) Agents antimicrobiens dérivés de bacillus
CN116114721A (zh) * 2023-01-09 2023-05-16 广西壮族自治区林业科学研究院 一种利用复合微生物生产生物除草剂的方法

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0688169A4 (fr) * 1993-03-10 1998-01-28 Commw Scient Ind Res Org Agents de biocontrole pour utilisation dans l'agriculture
MX2017012136A (es) * 2016-05-22 2019-05-30 Ibex Bionomics Llc Composiciones potenciadoras para quimicos agricolas y composiciones de quimicos agricolas.
CN113604411B (zh) * 2021-10-08 2021-12-17 山东益生种畜禽股份有限公司 草甘膦降解菌及其应用

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2007978A (en) * 1977-11-10 1979-05-31 Montedison Spa Synergic compositions of fusicoccyn and herbicides
EP0150596A2 (fr) * 1983-12-15 1985-08-07 Pfizer Corporation Utilisation de la salinomycine comme herbicide
EP0374499A1 (fr) * 1988-11-21 1990-06-27 MITSUI TOATSU CHEMICALS, Inc. Composition pour combattre les mauvaises herbes contenant des drechslera spp. ou l'un de leurs métabolites et méthode pour combattre les mauvaises herbes en utilisant des drechslera spp. ou l'un de leurs métabolites
WO1991003161A1 (fr) * 1989-09-11 1991-03-21 Crop Genetics International Corporation Bioherbicide combinant des agents chimiques et des germes pathogenes bacteriens de plantes

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2007978A (en) * 1977-11-10 1979-05-31 Montedison Spa Synergic compositions of fusicoccyn and herbicides
EP0150596A2 (fr) * 1983-12-15 1985-08-07 Pfizer Corporation Utilisation de la salinomycine comme herbicide
EP0374499A1 (fr) * 1988-11-21 1990-06-27 MITSUI TOATSU CHEMICALS, Inc. Composition pour combattre les mauvaises herbes contenant des drechslera spp. ou l'un de leurs métabolites et méthode pour combattre les mauvaises herbes en utilisant des drechslera spp. ou l'un de leurs métabolites
WO1991003161A1 (fr) * 1989-09-11 1991-03-21 Crop Genetics International Corporation Bioherbicide combinant des agents chimiques et des germes pathogenes bacteriens de plantes

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1994027444A2 (fr) * 1993-05-28 1994-12-08 Crop Genetics International Corporation Nouvelle toxine bacterienne utilisable comme regulateur de la croissance des vegetaux et comme herbicide
WO1994027444A3 (fr) * 1993-05-28 1995-01-26 Crop Genetics Int Nouvelle toxine bacterienne utilisable comme regulateur de la croissance des vegetaux et comme herbicide
EP0944315A1 (fr) * 1995-05-30 1999-09-29 Micro Flo Company Compositions a usage agricole renfermant des bacteries
EP0944315A4 (fr) * 1995-05-30 2001-11-28 Micro Flo Co Compositions a usage agricole renfermant des bacteries
EP1245154A1 (fr) * 1995-05-30 2002-10-02 Micro-Flo Company Traitement de plantes avec un bacille
US6103875A (en) * 1996-11-26 2000-08-15 Pharmagenesis, Inc. Antifungal compounds from pseudomonas viridiflava
WO2022195585A1 (fr) * 2021-03-14 2022-09-22 The State Of Israel, Ministry Of Agriculture & Rural Development, Agricultural Research Organization (Aro) (Volcani Institute) Agents antimicrobiens dérivés de bacillus
CN116114721A (zh) * 2023-01-09 2023-05-16 广西壮族自治区林业科学研究院 一种利用复合微生物生产生物除草剂的方法

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AU9055891A (en) 1992-06-11
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NZ240576A (en) 1992-11-25
CN1062265A (zh) 1992-07-01
JPH06503088A (ja) 1994-04-07
ZA919060B (en) 1992-11-25
MX9102084A (es) 1992-07-08

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