WO1992008232A2 - Procede de fusion a froid ameliore de maniere electrostatique - Google Patents

Procede de fusion a froid ameliore de maniere electrostatique Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO1992008232A2
WO1992008232A2 PCT/US1991/007909 US9107909W WO9208232A2 WO 1992008232 A2 WO1992008232 A2 WO 1992008232A2 US 9107909 W US9107909 W US 9107909W WO 9208232 A2 WO9208232 A2 WO 9208232A2
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
electrodes
transition metal
reactor
deuterium
fusion
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US1991/007909
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
WO1992008232A3 (fr
Inventor
Laszlo A. Heredy
Original Assignee
Heredy Laszlo A
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Heredy Laszlo A filed Critical Heredy Laszlo A
Publication of WO1992008232A2 publication Critical patent/WO1992008232A2/fr
Publication of WO1992008232A3 publication Critical patent/WO1992008232A3/fr

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21B—FUSION REACTORS
    • G21B3/00—Low temperature nuclear fusion reactors, e.g. alleged cold fusion reactors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
    • Y02E30/10—Nuclear fusion reactors

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a "cold fusion" process.
  • Deuterium gas is converted to a metal deuteride by absorption into the lattice of such metals as palladium, titanium or other transition metals.
  • These metal deuterides preferably in the form of powders, are placed into compartments, which are separated by ceramic sheets made of a material of high dielectric constant.
  • the metal deuteride powder substrates in the compartments are connected, alternatingly, to the positive and negative leads of a direct current power source. This arrangement is similar to that of the electrodes in a multi-layer ceramic (MLC) capacitor.
  • MLC multi-layer ceramic
  • An important aspect of this invention is that, using this electrode arrangement, positive and negative electrical charges of high electric charge density are obtained on those metal deuteride particles, which are in contact with or are near the surface of the separator.
  • the electrodes and separators, described above, are assembled inside a pressurizable container which is filled with deuterium gas at the desired operating pressure and temperature.
  • Another important aspect of this invention is that the deuterium gas pressure, the electric charge density over the surface of the metal deuteride particles, the polarity of the electric charge, and the time period over which the electric charge is applied, are optimized to create reaction conditions which are favorable to the nuclear fusion of deuterium. Fusion of deuterium nuclei, with the release of huge amounts of energy, takes place when the deuterium concentration and negative charge density reach a threshold level in the lattice of the electrically charged transition metal deuteride electrodes.
  • porous ceramic sheets or ceramic coated screens are used to contain the transition metal deuteride powder particles.
  • electric discharge takes place between oppositely charged electrodes when a certain charging voltage is applied. The electric discharge causes local supersaturation of deuter ⁇ n particles in the transition metal lattice, and thereby promotes deuterium fusion.
  • Step 3 Most of the adsorbed deuterium (formed in Step 1) diffuses into the palladium lattice (Step 3), forming palladium deuteride, PdD ⁇ ⁇ , which has metal-like properties.
  • PdD ⁇ ⁇ palladium deuteride
  • the deuterium exists as positively charged deuterons, since the electrons of the deuterium are taken up by the conduction band of the palladium.
  • the deuterons in the lattice have high mobility, and are under high compression due to the overpotential at the palladium surface. These conditions favor close collisions of some deuterons, with the possibility that a few of these collisions lead to nuclear fusion:
  • the palladium deuteride can be produced not only by the electrochemical method described above, but also by simply exposing palladium metal to deuterium gas at various pressures and temperatures. Since more information is available about the formation of the analogous hydrogen derivative, palladium hydride, this information is summarized here briefly (W. M. Mueller, J. P. Blackledge and G. G. Libowitz, Metal Hydrides, Academic Press (1968)).
  • the composition of palladium hydride, PdH ⁇ as a function of hydrogen pressure, at two different temperatures, is shown in Table 1.
  • Analogous palladium deuterides have somewhat lower deuterium contents compared to the hydrides. For example, at 20 degrees C and 1 atm. pressure, the respective compositions are: for the hydride, PdH #69 ; and for the deuteride: PdD 65
  • the deuterium gas used in this experiment was analyzed by mass spectroscopy before and after the fusion experiment.
  • the purity of the deuterium feedstock was 99.4%.
  • the resulting gas mixture contained 82.2% D 2 , about 9% of gases with mass number 3, 7% with mass number 2 and a few tenth of 1.0 % with mass numbers 1, 5 and 6. This product gas composition as well as the neutron emission definitely indicates that nuclear fusion reactions have taken place.
  • cluster-impapt fusion involves bombarding a solid target, such as titanium deuteride, with ionic clusters of D 2 0 molecules.
  • Expected fusion products were detected, such as 3-MeV protons and 1-MeV tritons, the signature of one D-D fusion pathway. They also detected smaller amounts of He-3, one of the characteristic products of the other D-D fusion pathway.
  • Another object of this invention is to provide a "cold" fusion process which can be used to produce heat for power generation, such that the process can be operated without interruption over long periods of time.
  • Still another object of this invention is to provide unique reactor designs and operating conditions for achieving continuous heat generation in the fusion reactor.
  • deuterium (D 2 ) gas is subjected to reaction conditions such that the deuterium undergoes nuclear fusion.
  • the heat generated in the exothermic fusion reaction is utilized principally for electric power generation.
  • the deuterium feed gas used in this process enters a pressurizable reactor, which contains several narrow compartments filled with powdered (or like finely dispersed) palladium or another transition metal. Alternatively, plates or sheets of palladium or of another transition metal can be used as electrodes in these compartments.
  • the walls of the compartments are made of a ceramic material of high dielectric constant, such as barium titanate.
  • Metal wires which are alternatingly connected to the negative or positive terminals of a direct current (dc) power source, are immersed into the powdered metal in each compartment.
  • Heat exchanger coils are operatively associated with the reactor, to regulate the temperature and to recover the heat generated in the reactor by the nuclear fusion. Water, or any other convenient heat transfer fluid can be used for this purpose.
  • palladium deuteride is prepared in situ by contacting the palladium powder with deuterium gas at the desired pressure and temperature. When the saturation composition of the palladium deuteride is reached, the dc power source is switched on.
  • a cyclic operation is conducted: in one cycle high deuteron concentration is built up on the surface layer of the positively charged particles, while at the same time the deuteron concentration is somewhat reduced on the surface of particles in the other electrode compartments which are negatively charged.
  • the polarity of the compartments is reversed, and those palladium deuteride particles which have the highest deuterium concentration, will be n ⁇ gatively charged.
  • the best attainable conditions are reached for deuteron fusion, which begins and then continues as long as the deuterium concentration in the palladium deuteride remains above a certain threshold level. At that point, the polarity is reversed again and the whole process is repeated.
  • the intensity and the duration of the fusion reaction will start to decline due to changes in the structure of the metal matrix, passivation, structural damage or accumulation of by ⁇ products of the fusion reaction.
  • the palladium deuteride powder in each compartment is stirred, by means of properly constructed stirring devices installed in the compartments along with the dc current leads, to bring fresh particles to the reactive region near the ceramic/dielectric separators. This way the fusion reaction is sustained for long periods of time.
  • porous ceramic sheets, or ceramic coated screens are used to contain the transition metal deuteride particles. In this case, electric discharge takes place between oppositely charged electrodes when a certain charging voltage is applied. The electric discharge causes local supersaturation and compression of the deuterons in the transition metal lattice, and thereby promotes nuclear fusion.
  • FIGS 1, 2, 3 and 4 show different reactor designs for carrying out "cold fusion" of deuterium in accordance with the basic concepts of this invention.
  • transition metal substrates in the form of thin plates, or powders, separated by or contained between sheets made of ceramic/dielectric materials; electrical leads connecting the metal substrates to a dc power source; a containment vessel 10 holding said compartments; means for supplying deuterium gas and removing gaseous by-products; and means for recovering the heat generated by the fusion reaction.
  • the reactor designs preferred for extended continuous operation of the process of this invention are shown in 15 Figure 3 and Figure 4.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic drawing showing the basic design of the cold fusion reactor of the present 25 invention
  • Figure 2 is a schematic drawing showing the basic design of the cold fusion reactor of the present invention in which several parallel-connected positive and negative electrodes are used;
  • Figure 3 is a schematic drawing showing a preferred embodiment of the cold-fusion reactor, and
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic drawing showing another preferred embodiment. DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The following specification taken in conjunction with ' the drawings sets forth the preferred embodiments of the present invention.
  • the embodiments of the invention 5 disclosed herein are the best modes contemplated by the inventor for carrying out his invention, although it should be understood that various modifications can be accomplished within the parameters of the present invention.
  • This invention provides a process for "cold" fusion of deuterium, principally for the purpose of producing heat which then can be used for electric power generation. The process has the potential of revolutionizing the electric power industry.
  • reaction 7 the tritium formed in reaction (5) further reacts with deuterium (reaction 7) , or with hydrogen, also formed in reaction 5, (reaction 8) , then the deuterium requirement is reduced by a factor of five because of the extremely high energy release from reactions 7 and 8.
  • the deuterium fusion reactor can also be used for the production of tritium from deuterium.
  • deuterium forms metal-like deuterides with transition metals, such as palladium or titanium.
  • transition metal deuterides such as palladium deuteride
  • the electron of each deuterium atom is taken up by the conduction band of the palladium, and positively charged deuterons are formed, which are highly mobile in the palladium lattice.
  • the average distance between deuterons in the palladium lattice is somewhat less than in deuterium gas, because the conduction band electrons screen the repulsive nuclear forces to some extent.
  • transition metal deuteride plates or electrode structures containing transition metal deuteride powders are used to enhance the probability of close deuteron collisions which result in nuclear fusion.
  • Suitable transition metals include Pd, Ti, Ni, V, Nb, and Ta and their alloys with other metals .
  • palladium deuteride electrodes increased electron density of the surface of the negative electrodes gives stronger screening of the repulsive forces between the positively charged deuteron nuclei, and thereby creates more favorable conditions for deuteron collisions.
  • the increased positive charge density on the positive electrodes increases chemisorption of deuterium due to the withdrawal of electrons from the palladium deuteride.
  • the key components of the electrically grounded (£) reactor (£) are thin metal plates ⁇ and ⁇ . They are separated from each other by insulator F which is made of a ceramic material of high dielectric constant, such as barium titanate. Plate E is made of palladium or some other transition metal e.g. titanium which forms alloy-like deuterides with D 2 gas. Plate G can be made of a common metal, such as copper or aluminum.
  • the two metal plates are connected, respectively, to the negative and positive terminals of a variable voltage power source M, by means of electrical leads K and L through a switch N. Thus, the two metal plates are connected to the power source the same way as electrodes are in a ceramic capacitor.
  • the electrode leads penetrate the reactor wall • via ceramic or other insulating feedthroughs, R.
  • An electric insulator layer, J may be installed inside the upper and lower walls of the reactor. Also, an electric insulator plate (not shown) may be placed, if necessary, between the electrode E and the reactor wall C to prevent sparking.
  • Deuterium gas is fed to the reactor at the desired pressure through feed port H. Used deuterium, containing reaction products such as tritium, helium and hydrogen, can be removed through exit port I and sampled for analysis at point Q.
  • the reaction heat can be removed from the reactor by means of a water cooled jacket, with cooling water inlet at A and outlet at B. Temperature and pressure gauges P and S are installed in the reactor.
  • FIG. 2 shows the design of a multi-electrode reactor for deuterium fusion.
  • the individual electrodes in this reactor C are constructed the same way as those shown in Figure 1, except that active electrode plates E are placed on both sides of the ceramic/dielectric insulators F.
  • the counter electrodes G are located inside the insulators along the center line.
  • the active electrodes are connected parallel to a common lead K, and, similarly, the counter electrodes to another common lead £.
  • the two electrical leads are connected, respectively, to the positive and negative terminals of a variable voltage power source M.
  • the electrode leads penetrate the reactor wall via ceramic or other insulating feedthroughs, £.
  • An electric insulator layer, J may be installed 15
  • the active electrodes in this design are made of thin palladium plates, attached to or deposited on the ceramic/dielectric insulators.
  • the reactor is 5 electrically grounded (D) .
  • the reactor is filled at the desired pressure and temperature with deuterium gas through feed port H. This same port serves also to remove periodically the used deuterium, mixed with reaction products, such as tritium, helium and hydrogen.
  • Figure 3 shows a preferred embodiment of the design of a deuterium fusion reactor in which PdD ⁇ powder
  • Electrodes 15 are used. Two sets of electrodes are used, one carrying negative and the other positive charge.
  • electrode set A the PdD ⁇ powder is contained inside thin walled rectangular boxes C made of ceramic insulator/dielectric materials such as barium titanate.
  • the PdD ⁇ powder in electrode set B fills the rest of the volume of cell J, which is made of a metal of high electric conductivity such as copper.
  • the powdered palladium deuteride substrates in the two sets of electrode compartments are separated from each other by
  • Each vertical compartment between the ceramic separators contains an electrode lead (F' for electrode set J3 and GJ for set A) , which can also serve as an agitator device to periodically mix the palladium deuteride powder in the electrode compartments.
  • Electrodes leads are connected to the main electrode lines ⁇ and G, respectively. These main electrode lines are connected, to the positive and negative terminals of variable voltage power source fi. 16
  • Cell J. is mounted inside pressurizable reactor E, which is grounded (K) .
  • the main electrode lines F and G enter the reactor via insulated penetrations L.
  • Deuterium gas is supplied through feed port I which also serves for the periodic removal of spent deuterium containing by ⁇ product gases such as tritium, hydrogen and helium.
  • the cell wall and the reactor wall are kept separated from each other by electrically insulating spacers D.
  • Appropriate heat transfer means (not shown) are mounted near the reactor wall to transfer the heat produced in the fusion reactor to an electric power generating unit.
  • FIG 4 shows another preferred embodiment of the reactor, in which the walls of electrode compartments K are made of porous ceramic materials or ceramic coated screens.
  • the active electrode material F such as palladium deuteride in powder form, is contained in these compartments which are alternately charged to positive or negative potentials, respectively (electrode sets A and B) .
  • the electrodes are supported by insulating spacers D. similarly to the design of the first preferred embodiment, the electrodes are mounted in a pressurizable reactor C, which can be operated at pressures higher than 1 atm.
  • Each compartment contains an electrode lead, G, which can also be used as an agitator or stirrer.
  • the electrode leads are connected to the positive and negative terminals, respectively, of a variable voltage power source, 1.
  • the two main electrode leads enter the reactor through insulated penetrations H.
  • Deuterium gas is supplied and by-product gases are removed through gas port j.
  • the reactor is equipped with a water jacket or other heat exchanger (not shown) to remove the heat generated in the reactor.
  • the reactor wall is grounded (L) .
  • the objective of using electrode compartments made with porous or ceramic coatecT screen walls is to periodically impose electric discharge between oppositely * charged neighboring electrodes. This is accomplished by operating the cell (reactor) at a potential below the discharge voltage, and periodically increasing the potential to such a value where electric discharge occurs.
  • Example 1 A fusion reactor of the type illustrated in Figure 2 is used in this example.
  • the reactor contains five electrode structures, each of approximately 10 cm x 10 cm geometric surface area.
  • the average thickness of the palladium metal layer on the active surface is approximately 10 ⁇ 4 cm. Previous measurements have shown that the inner approximately 10 ⁇ 6 cm thick palladium layer (nearest to the ceramic separator) is the most active region for the fusion reaction.
  • the reactor is filled with deuterium gas under 10 atm. pressure. After the power supply is turned on, and the cell voltage is increased gradually, fusion reaction begins to take place at a cell voltage of about 200 V. , as evidenced by heat evolution and neutron emission.
  • Example 2 A fusion reactor of the type illustrated in Figure 3 is used in this example.
  • the reactor is filled with deuterium gas under 10 at. pressure at room temperature.
  • Electrode set A is connected to the positive, and electrode set B to the negative terminal of the variable voltage power source H. After the power supply is turned on, and the cell voltage increases gradually, fusion reaction begins to take place at a cell voltage of about 250 V as evidenced by neutron emission. Heat evolution also begins at about this time. Cooling water is turned on as heat evolution begins. At a cooling water flow rate of 0.1 liter/min. the reactor operates for about 30 minutes before the heat evolution begins to decline.
  • a fusion reactor of the type illustrated in Figure 3 is used in this example.
  • the first three cycles of this process are performed the same way as in Example 2. After completing the third cycle, however, the process is not terminated but cycling is continued substantially longer. A noticeable decrease in performance (fusion) occurs between cycles No. 15 and 20.
  • the reactor is shut down by reducing the cell voltage to zero and the pressure to approximately 1 atm.
  • the contents of each electrode compartment are mixed using the agitator or stirrer devices installed in the cell compartments.
  • the reactor is started up again by increasing the deuterium pressure to approximately 10 atm. and the cell voltage to approximately 250 V. As a result, fusion and associated heat generation are resumed at the original level. Cell operation is then continued as described in Example 2 and in this example.
  • This example illustrates the principle that reduced reactor performance is increased to ' the original, starting level by stirring the palladium deuteride powder in the electrode compartments, and thereby transporting fresh active electrode material powder to the area next to the ceramic wall of each compartment.
  • Example 4 A fusion reactor of the type illustrated in Figure 4 is used in this example.
  • the active electrode material in this case powdered palladium deuteride, is contained in rectangular boxes having porous ceramic, or ceramic-coated screen walls.
  • the reactor is filled with deuterium gas at approximately 10 atm. pressure.
  • the power supply is turned on, and the cell voltage is gradually increased to a value near the discharge potential.
  • Slow fusion reaction begins at this point as evidenced by neutron emission and heat generation.
  • the cell voltage is then increased for a period of 10 seconds above the value of the discharge potential. As a result, there is a significant increase in the rate of the fusion reaction.
  • the procedure is repeated with the same result.
  • the cell is shut down by reducing the cell voltage to zero and the pressure to approximately l atm.
  • the active material is mixed, using the electrode lead/stirrer devices. Operation is then started again by increasing the deuterium pressure to 10 atm. and the cell voltage to a value slightly below the discharge potential. Operation is then continued with periodic increases of the cell voltage above the value of the discharge potential. It is found that after stirring the active electrode material. the reactor regains its original performance.
  • the present invention provides a deuterium fusion process, which can be conducted under operating conditions similar to those of ordinary chemical reactions. Furthermore, the designs and operating examples show that fusion can be performed under such conditions which make uninterrupted long-term operation possible for heat production, which then can be used for electric power generation. It will, of course, be realized, that various modifications are possible in the design and operation of the present invention without departing from the spirit thereof. For example, deuterium pressures of several hundred atm. can be applied to increase the rate of fusion; ceramic separator/dielectric materials, which are more effective than barium titanate, can be used; mixing methods for the active electrode material other than these described in the figures and operating examples can be applied. Thus, while the preferred design and mode of operation of the invention have been explained, the invention may be otherwise practiced within the scope of the teachings set forth herein, as this will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art.

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
  • Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)

Abstract

Du gaz deutérium est introduit et maintenu sous pression dans un réacteur contenant un nombre relativement grand de paires d'électrodes séparées entre elles par des éléments isolants à parois minces, connectées à une source de puissance à courant continu à haute tension variable. Au moins un ensemble de paires d'électrodes comprend un métal de transition, tel que du palladium, qui peut former un deutériure. Une tension suffisante est appliquée aux électrodes pour déclencher une réaction de fusion nucléaire dans le deutérium qui est absorbé dans les électrodes en métal de transition, et la chaleur en excès de la réaction est capturée par des échangeurs thermiques appropriés qui sont associés de manière opérative au réacteur. Les deux ensembles d'électrodes peuvent comprendre un métal de transition, et les deux ensembles sont de préférence prévus sous la forme de poudre pour augmenter la surface. La polarité des électrodes est inversée périodiquement pour maintenir ou améliorer la réaction de fusion, et les électrodes sous forme de poudre sont agitées de temps en temps pour amener une poudre de métal de transition fraîche en contact avec les éléments isolants.
PCT/US1991/007909 1990-11-02 1991-10-25 Procede de fusion a froid ameliore de maniere electrostatique WO1992008232A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US60828990A 1990-11-02 1990-11-02
US608,289 1990-11-02

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1992008232A2 true WO1992008232A2 (fr) 1992-05-14
WO1992008232A3 WO1992008232A3 (fr) 1992-06-11

Family

ID=24435829

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/US1991/007909 WO1992008232A2 (fr) 1990-11-02 1991-10-25 Procede de fusion a froid ameliore de maniere electrostatique

Country Status (1)

Country Link
WO (1) WO1992008232A2 (fr)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0645777A1 (fr) * 1993-09-27 1995-03-29 CHIKUMA, Toichi Appareillage pour la fusion nucléaire froide
WO1995012883A1 (fr) * 1993-11-01 1995-05-11 Eneco, Inc. Appareil a decharge luminescente et procede permettant d'etablir des prealables et des conditions d'essais de reactions nucleaires
WO1995021447A1 (fr) * 1994-02-01 1995-08-10 Eneco, Inc. Procede et appareil de production d'energie continue a long terme
WO2001046960A1 (fr) * 1999-12-22 2001-06-28 Athanassios Nassikas Pompe a energie spatio-temporelle
US20140034116A1 (en) * 2012-08-06 2014-02-06 Tionesta Applied Research Corporation Energizing Energy Converters By Stimulating Three-Body Association Radiation Reactions

Citations (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3065156A (en) * 1961-08-29 1962-11-20 Organon Electrolytic ph regulator
US3076754A (en) * 1958-09-15 1963-02-05 Evans David Johnson Electrolytic apparatus
US3377265A (en) * 1964-11-16 1968-04-09 Mobil Oil Corp Electrochemical electrode
US3404076A (en) * 1965-04-15 1968-10-01 Shell Oil Co Electrolytic preparation of hydrides
US3616315A (en) * 1970-01-29 1971-10-26 Phillips Petroleum Co Inducing and/or eliminating polarization in one cell of a series of cells in operation
US3715595A (en) * 1970-05-11 1973-02-06 Us Air Force Pulsed neutron sorce
US4036716A (en) * 1974-04-05 1977-07-19 Goteborgs Analyslaboratorium Ab Method to prevent the formation of incrustations on working electrodes in electrode steam generators or the like and a means for performing the method
US4169035A (en) * 1976-10-29 1979-09-25 Firma Hans Einhell Gmbh Industriegelande Electrolytic cell for treatment of water solutions
US4202752A (en) * 1979-02-14 1980-05-13 Amax Inc. Cell with multiple anode-cathode chambers for fluid bed electrolysis
US4206020A (en) * 1966-05-24 1980-06-03 National Research Development Corporation Electrochemical process using a fluidized electrode
US4446096A (en) * 1981-11-27 1984-05-01 Auchterlonie Richard C High speed plasma focus fusion reactor
US4759894A (en) * 1983-01-25 1988-07-26 International Business Machines Corporation Method and apparatus for producing an ultra-high controlled transient temperature with an electrical discharge
JPH01150885A (ja) * 1987-12-07 1989-06-13 Hideyori Takahashi 核融合炉
US4937456A (en) * 1988-10-17 1990-06-26 The Boeing Company Dielectric coated ion thruster
WO1991006103A1 (fr) * 1989-10-16 1991-05-02 Zachariah Chacko P Dispositif de production d'elements et d'energie
US5014158A (en) * 1989-04-11 1991-05-07 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Laminated ceramic capacitor
WO1991006959A2 (fr) * 1989-10-25 1991-05-16 Massachusetts Institute Of Technology Milieux pour fusion a l'etat solide

Patent Citations (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3076754A (en) * 1958-09-15 1963-02-05 Evans David Johnson Electrolytic apparatus
US3065156A (en) * 1961-08-29 1962-11-20 Organon Electrolytic ph regulator
US3377265A (en) * 1964-11-16 1968-04-09 Mobil Oil Corp Electrochemical electrode
US3404076A (en) * 1965-04-15 1968-10-01 Shell Oil Co Electrolytic preparation of hydrides
US4206020A (en) * 1966-05-24 1980-06-03 National Research Development Corporation Electrochemical process using a fluidized electrode
US3616315A (en) * 1970-01-29 1971-10-26 Phillips Petroleum Co Inducing and/or eliminating polarization in one cell of a series of cells in operation
US3715595A (en) * 1970-05-11 1973-02-06 Us Air Force Pulsed neutron sorce
US4036716A (en) * 1974-04-05 1977-07-19 Goteborgs Analyslaboratorium Ab Method to prevent the formation of incrustations on working electrodes in electrode steam generators or the like and a means for performing the method
US4169035A (en) * 1976-10-29 1979-09-25 Firma Hans Einhell Gmbh Industriegelande Electrolytic cell for treatment of water solutions
US4202752A (en) * 1979-02-14 1980-05-13 Amax Inc. Cell with multiple anode-cathode chambers for fluid bed electrolysis
US4446096A (en) * 1981-11-27 1984-05-01 Auchterlonie Richard C High speed plasma focus fusion reactor
US4759894A (en) * 1983-01-25 1988-07-26 International Business Machines Corporation Method and apparatus for producing an ultra-high controlled transient temperature with an electrical discharge
JPH01150885A (ja) * 1987-12-07 1989-06-13 Hideyori Takahashi 核融合炉
US4937456A (en) * 1988-10-17 1990-06-26 The Boeing Company Dielectric coated ion thruster
US5014158A (en) * 1989-04-11 1991-05-07 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Laminated ceramic capacitor
WO1991006103A1 (fr) * 1989-10-16 1991-05-02 Zachariah Chacko P Dispositif de production d'elements et d'energie
WO1991006959A2 (fr) * 1989-10-25 1991-05-16 Massachusetts Institute Of Technology Milieux pour fusion a l'etat solide

Non-Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
JOURNAL OF FUSION ENERGY, Vol. 9, No. 3, September 1990, pages 263-268, (cited as casting doubt on inducing nuclear fusion in a transition metal by forcing deuterium therein). *
JOURNAL OF FUSION ENERGY, Vol. 9, No. 3, September 1990, pages 315-317, (Also cited as casting doubt on inducing nuclear fusion in a transition metal by forcing deuterium therein). *

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0645777A1 (fr) * 1993-09-27 1995-03-29 CHIKUMA, Toichi Appareillage pour la fusion nucléaire froide
WO1995012883A1 (fr) * 1993-11-01 1995-05-11 Eneco, Inc. Appareil a decharge luminescente et procede permettant d'etablir des prealables et des conditions d'essais de reactions nucleaires
WO1995021447A1 (fr) * 1994-02-01 1995-08-10 Eneco, Inc. Procede et appareil de production d'energie continue a long terme
WO2001046960A1 (fr) * 1999-12-22 2001-06-28 Athanassios Nassikas Pompe a energie spatio-temporelle
US20140034116A1 (en) * 2012-08-06 2014-02-06 Tionesta Applied Research Corporation Energizing Energy Converters By Stimulating Three-Body Association Radiation Reactions

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO1992008232A3 (fr) 1992-06-11

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US20060233699A1 (en) Plasma reactor and process for producing lower-energy hydrogen species
CN113574206A (zh) 磁流体动力氢电力产生器
CN115667799A (zh) 磁流体动力氢电力产生器
RU2180458C2 (ru) Способ и устройство, основанные на использовании водорода с более низкой энергией
JPS6380487A (ja) 熱的かつ電気化学的な水素の転化による発電方法および装置
AU2010281658A1 (en) Heterogeneous hydrogen-catalyst power system
CA2440287A1 (fr) Pile a combustible a micro-ondes, reacteur chimique et convertisseur d'energie
JPH03226694A (ja) 電気化学型低温核融合方法
WO1992008232A2 (fr) Procede de fusion a froid ameliore de maniere electrostatique
EP1656678B1 (fr) Generateurs pulses d'electricite par reactions nucleaires de faible energie
JPH04505364A (ja) 核融合エネルギーの産出
KR950009880B1 (ko) 원소와 에너지 생산방법
EP1266384A2 (fr) Fusion nucleaire froide dans des conditions de non-equilibre
EP0461690A2 (fr) Générateur de chaleur utilisant la fusion nucléaire froide
EP1222665A1 (fr) Procede et dispositif permettant de generer de l'energie thermique
US20080205572A1 (en) Apparatus and process for generating nuclear heat
US20080159461A1 (en) Apparatus and process for generating nuclear heat
CN1046682C (zh) 诱发金属系统大量吸收氢及其同位素的方法及设备
Kodama Mechanism of Cold Fusion with Nano Metal-Particles and Conceptualized Reactor to Control the Nano Metal Particle Potential
WO1990013897A1 (fr) Cellule de conversion d'energie au deuterium-lithium
US20050105664A1 (en) Process for generating nuclear heat
WO1991018397A1 (fr) Appareil de conversion de l'energie par accumulation de deuterium
EP1487766A1 (fr) Ameliorations apportees en electrochimie
JPH03150494A (ja) 核融合発生装置
EP0393463A2 (fr) Electrode pour fusion nucléaire et méthode pour son utilisation

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
AK Designated states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): CA HU JP SU

AL Designated countries for regional patents

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE DK ES FR GB GR IT LU NL SE

AK Designated states

Kind code of ref document: A3

Designated state(s): CA HU JP SU

AL Designated countries for regional patents

Kind code of ref document: A3

Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE DK ES FR GB GR IT LU NL SE

122 Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase
NENP Non-entry into the national phase

Ref country code: CA