WO1992000078A1 - Antiviral agents containing heteropolytungstate - Google Patents

Antiviral agents containing heteropolytungstate Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1992000078A1
WO1992000078A1 PCT/AU1991/000280 AU9100280W WO9200078A1 WO 1992000078 A1 WO1992000078 A1 WO 1992000078A1 AU 9100280 W AU9100280 W AU 9100280W WO 9200078 A1 WO9200078 A1 WO 9200078A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
compound
cptipw
formula
cptip
cpe
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PCT/AU1991/000280
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French (fr)
Inventor
Helmut Weigold
George Holan
Sebastian Mario Marcuccio
Christopher John Birch
Ian David Gust
Original Assignee
Commonwealth Scientific And Industrial Research Organisation
Fairfield Hospital Board
Macfarlane Burnet Centre For Medical Research Limited
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Application filed by Commonwealth Scientific And Industrial Research Organisation, Fairfield Hospital Board, Macfarlane Burnet Centre For Medical Research Limited filed Critical Commonwealth Scientific And Industrial Research Organisation
Priority to HU9204137A priority Critical patent/HUT63332A/en
Priority to JP3510909A priority patent/JPH06501451A/en
Priority to CS923962A priority patent/CZ396292A3/en
Priority to BR919106596A priority patent/BR9106596A/en
Priority to AU80064/91A priority patent/AU647800B2/en
Publication of WO1992000078A1 publication Critical patent/WO1992000078A1/en
Priority to NO92924966A priority patent/NO924966L/en
Priority to FI925908A priority patent/FI925908A/en

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K33/00—Medicinal preparations containing inorganic active ingredients
    • A61K33/24—Heavy metals; Compounds thereof
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/28—Compounds containing heavy metals
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/28—Compounds containing heavy metals
    • A61K31/295—Iron group metal compounds
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/28—Compounds containing heavy metals
    • A61K31/315—Zinc compounds
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/66—Phosphorus compounds
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K33/00—Medicinal preparations containing inorganic active ingredients
    • A61K33/24—Heavy metals; Compounds thereof
    • A61K33/26—Iron; Compounds thereof
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K33/00—Medicinal preparations containing inorganic active ingredients
    • A61K33/24—Heavy metals; Compounds thereof
    • A61K33/30—Zinc; Compounds thereof
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K33/00—Medicinal preparations containing inorganic active ingredients
    • A61K33/42—Phosphorus; Compounds thereof
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K45/00—Medicinal preparations containing active ingredients not provided for in groups A61K31/00 - A61K41/00
    • A61K45/06—Mixtures of active ingredients without chemical characterisation, e.g. antiphlogistics and cardiaca
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
    • A61P31/12—Antivirals
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B25/00—Phosphorus; Compounds thereof
    • C01B25/16—Oxyacids of phosphorus; Salts thereof
    • C01B25/26—Phosphates
    • C01B25/45—Phosphates containing plural metal, or metal and ammonium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B25/00—Phosphorus; Compounds thereof
    • C01B25/16—Oxyacids of phosphorus; Salts thereof
    • C01B25/26—Phosphates
    • C01B25/45—Phosphates containing plural metal, or metal and ammonium
    • C01B25/451—Phosphates containing plural metal, or metal and ammonium containing metal and ammonium

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to heteropolytungstates and pharmaceutically acceptable derivatives thereof, pharmaceutical compositions containing them, and to the use of these compounds in therapy, particularly for the treatment or prophylaxis of certain viral infections, for example retroviral infections such as Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS).
  • AIDS Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
  • Lymphotropic Virus III (HLTV-III)] is a member of this family. This virus will be identified herein as HIV. Infection with HIV is associated with depletion of T4 lymphocytes, brain disease, and several types of cancer including Kaposis sarcoma. Patients infected with the virus also have a high incidence of opportunistic infections and a significantly reduced life span.
  • Another virus within the same family is the Human T-cell Lymphotropic Virus Type 1 (HLTV-1) the causative agent of Adult T-cell leukaemia, an infection with high mortality occurring in a distinctive geographical pattern.
  • Retroviridae All members of the family Retroviridae possess a unique enzyme, reverse transcriptase, which is necessary for their replication. Because this enzyme is not normally present in uninfected cells, it is considered a target for antiviral drugs.
  • Another virus utilising reverse transcriptase during replication is the Hepatitis B Virus (HBV). HBV causes widespread morbidity and mortality and is the main cause of primary hepatocellular carcinoma in individuals who are chronic carriers of the virus. Because of the common evolutionary origin of HBV and the retroviruses, treatment of HBV-infected individuals with the same regimen of drugs proposed herein for the treatment of patients infected with HIV could be possible.
  • HBV Hepatitis B Virus
  • Heteropolytungstate compounds have been known for over 100 years. Most of their applications stem from their redox chemistry and also their high ionic weights and charges. Their redox chemistry has led to their most common use: catalysts for the oxidation of organic substrates such as, for example, propylene to acrylic acid, ethylene to acetaldehyde. In the biological field heteropolytungstates have found use as electron dense stains for electron microscopy, as analytical reagents for proteins and a few have also been shown to inhibit viral DNA and RNA polymerases (J.C. Chermann et al., Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm., 1975, 65, 1229; M.
  • HPA-23 has since been shown to be inactive in other in vitro screens and in subsequent clinical trials (J. Balzarini et al., Int. J. Cancer, 1986, 37, 451; M. Burgard,ef al., AIDS, 1989, 3, 665).
  • the compounds of this invention are in general less toxic and more active than HPA-23 with antiviral indexes >20 and generally >50 and are active in all cell lines tested to date.
  • Therapeutic index is defined as the ratio of the dose which is toxic to 50% of the test cells to the dose required to reduce the virus count by 50%
  • the heteropolytungstates of this invention are based on Keggin-type and
  • Dawson-type structures carrying either one or three vacancies. These vacancies are created by extraction of WO 4+ or W 3 O 6 6+ from the PW 12 O 40 3- (Keggin) or P 2 W 18 O 66 6- (Dawson) structure. Isomers of these unsaturated (lacunary) polyanions are possible, a consequence of the location of the vacancy.
  • the position of the vacancy in P 2 W 17 O 611 0- is defined by the prefix ⁇ 1- for a belt vacancy o ⁇ ⁇ 2- for a cap vacancy.
  • the prefix ⁇ - or ⁇ - refers to isomerisation associated with the relative rotation of the W 3 triad cap.
  • PW9O 34 9- the vacancy is found in either of two locations.
  • P 2 W 15 O 56 12- ligand to the set of four coplanar copper atoms is similar to that found in the corresponding PW 9 O 34 9- containing compounds.
  • the corresponding PW 9 O 34 9- containing compounds the corresponding PW 9 O 34 9- containing compounds.
  • P 2 W 15 O 56 12- polyanion is formed from a-P 2 W 18 O 62 6- by removal of one
  • edge-sharing cap (containing three tungsten atoms).
  • heteropolytungstates derived from Keggin and Dawson type structures carrying either one or three vacancies as described above are inhibitors of HIV infection.
  • the present invention provides a method for the treatment or prophylaxis of a retrovirus-associated infection which involves the use of a heteropolytungstate compound of the general formulae I having a therapeutic index (as hereinbefore defined) of 50 or greater:
  • M is Co, Fe, Zn, FeOA, FeO 1/2 ;
  • Cp represents an optionally substituted cyclopentadienyl residue
  • A is a monovalent or divalent cation or mixture of such cations; m is the number of cations necessary for electrical neutrality of the molecule.
  • the compounds of the invention are polyanions with associated cations (A) for electrical neutrality. They crystallise with a variable number of molecules of water of crystallisation (n) dependent upon the conditions of product recovery and subsequent treatment; all such hydrate forms fall within the scope of this invention.
  • divalent cations or a mixture of monovalent and divalent cations, are present then a lesser number will be sufficient for electrical neutrality and m will be smaller.
  • Preferred cations are sodium, potassium, lithium, ammonium,
  • alkylammonium, cationic alkali metal crown ether complexes, magnesium, or calcium alkylammonium, cationic alkali metal crown ether complexes, magnesium, or calcium.
  • substituents in relation to the cyclopentadienyl residue, means that the residue may contain one or more substituents. Suitable substituents will be chosen on the basis of the known chemistry of cyclopentadienyl-titanium complexes. In general, substituents will be selected on the basis that:
  • a pharmaceutically acceptable derivative is meant any pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or any other compound which, upon administration to the recipient, is capable of providing (directly or indirectly) a heteropolytungstate of the general formula I, or an antivirally active metabolite or residue thereof
  • the compounds according to the invention may also be used in the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment or prophylaxis of a retrovirus-associated infection.
  • the present invention provides a pharmaceutical composition for the treatment or prophylaxis of a retrovirus-associated infection, which comprises an effective amount of a compound of the general formula I, in association with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or diluent.
  • the present invention also extends to a method for the treatment or prophylaxis of a retrovirus associated infection, which comprises administering to a patient in need of such treatment or prophylaxis an effective amount of a compound of the general formula I.
  • Examples of compounds of Formula 1 which fall within the ambit of the present invention include the following 2 :
  • 18-C6K means compounds containing K + complexed by the cyclic polyether 18-Crown-6 1.
  • the invention also provides novel compound according to formula, I and includes the specific compounds listed above, excluding those listed as being known.
  • the compounds according to the invention may be administered for therapy by any suitable route, including oral, rectal, nasal, topical (including buccal and sublingual), vaginal and parenteral (including subcutaneous, intramuscular, intravenous and intradermal).
  • administration will be by the oral route, however it will be appreciated that the preferred route will vary with the condition and age of the recipient, and the nature of the chosen active ingredient.
  • a suitable dose will be in the range of 3.0 to 120 mg per kilogram body weight of the recipient per day, preferably in the range of 6 to 90 mg per kilogram body weight per day and most preferably in the range 15 to 60 mg per kilogram body weight per day.
  • the desired dose is preferably presented as two, three, four, five, six or more sub-doses administered at appropriate intervals throughout the day. These sub-doses may be administered in unit dosage forms, for example, containing 10 to 1500 mg, preferably 20 to 1000 mg, and most preferably 50 to 700 mg of active ingredient per unit dosage form
  • the active ingredient should be administered to achieve peak plasma concentrations of the active compound of from about 0.1 to about 75 mM, preferably about 2 to 50 mM. This may be achieved, for example, by the intravenous injection of a 0.1 to 5% solution of the active ingredient, optionally in saline, or orally administered as a bolus containing about 0.1 to about 100 mg/kg of the active ingredient. Desirable blood levels may be maintained by a continuous infusion to provide about 0.01 to about 5.0 mg/hour by intermittent infusions containing about 0.4 to about 15 mg/mg of the active ingredient. While it is possible for the active ingredient to be administered alone, it is preferable to present it as a pharmaceutical composition.
  • compositions of the present invention comprise at least one compound of general formula (I), together with one or more pharmaceutically acceptably carriers thereof, and optionally other therapeutic agents.
  • Each carrier must be pharmaceutically "acceptable” in the sense of being compatible with the other ingredients of the composition and not injurious to the patient.
  • Compositions include those suitable for oral, rectal, nasal, topical (including buccal and sublingual), vaginal or parenteral (including subcutaneous, intramuscular, intravenous and intradermal) administration.
  • the compositions may conveniently be presented in unit dosage form and may be prepared by any methods well known in the art of pharmacy. Such methods include the step of bringing into association the active ingredient with the carrier which constitutes one or more accessory ingredients.
  • compositions are prepared by uniformly and intimately bringing into association the active ingredient with liquid carriers or finely divided solid carriers or both, and then if necessary shaping the product.
  • Compositions of the present invention suitable for oral administration may be presented as discrete units such as capsules, sachets or tablets each containing a predetermined amount of the active ingredient; as a powder or granules; as a solution or a suspension in an aqueous or non-aqueous liquid; or as an
  • oil-in-water liquid emulsion or a water-in-oil liquid emulsion.
  • the active ingredient may also be presented as a bolus, electuary or paste.
  • a tablet may be made by compression or moulding, optionally with one or more accessory ingredients.
  • Compressed tablets may be prepared by compressing in a suitable machine the active ingredient in a free-flowing form such as a powder or granules, optionally mixed with a binder (e.g inert diluent, preservative disintegrant (e.g. sodium starch glycollate, cross-linked povidone, cross-linked sodium carboxymethyl cellulose) surface- active or dispersing agent.
  • a binder e.g inert diluent, preservative disintegrant (e.g. sodium starch glycollate, cross-linked povidone, cross-linked sodium carboxymethyl cellulose) surface- active or dispersing agent.
  • Moulded tablets may be made by moulding in a suitable machine a mixture of the powdered compound moistened with an inert liquid diluent.
  • the tablets may optionally be coated or scored and may be formulated so as to provide slow or controlled release of the active ingredient therein using, for example, hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose in varying proportions to provide the desired release profile. Tablets may optionally be provided with an enteric coating, to provide release in parts of the gut other than the stomach.
  • compositions suitable for topical administration in the mouth include lozenges comprising the active ingredient in a flavoured basis, usually sucrose and acacia or tragacanth gum; pastilles comprising the active ingredient in an inert basis such as gelatin and glycerin, or sucrose and acacia gum; and mouthwashes comprising the active ingredient in a suitable liquid carrier.
  • Compositions for rectal administration may be presented as a suppository with a suitable base comprising, for example, cocoa butter or a salicylate.
  • compositions suitable for vaginal administration may be presented as pessaries, tampons, creams, gels, pastes, foams or spray formulations containing in addition to the active ingredient such carriers as are known in the art to be appropriate.
  • compositions suitable for parenteral administration include aqueous and non-aqueous isotonic sterile injection solutions which may contain anti-oxidants, buffers, bacteriostats and solutes which render the composition isotonic with the blood of the intended recipient; and aqueous and non-aqueous sterile suspensions which may include suspending agents and thickening agents.
  • the compositions may be presented in unit-dose or multi-dose sealed containers, for example, ampoules and vials, and may be stored in a freeze-dried (lyophilized) condition requiring only the addition of the sterile liquid carrier, for example water for injections, immediately prior to use.
  • Extemporaneous injection solutions and suspensions may be prepared from sterile powders, granules and tablets of the kind previously described.
  • Preferred unit dosage compositions are those containing a daily dose or unit, daily sub-dose, as herein above recited, or an appropriate fraction thereof, of an active ingredient.
  • the compounds according to the invention may also be presented for use in the form of veterinary compositions, which may be prepared, for example, by methods that are conventional in the art. Examples of such veterinary compositions include those adapted for:
  • oral administration external application, for example drenches (e.g. aqueous or non-aqueous solutions or suspensions); tablets or boluses; powders, granules or pellets for admixture with feed stuffs; pastes for application to the tongue;
  • drenches e.g. aqueous or non-aqueous solutions or suspensions
  • tablets or boluses e.g. aqueous or non-aqueous solutions or suspensions
  • pastes for application to the tongue for example drenches (e.g. aqueous or non-aqueous solutions or suspensions); tablets or boluses; powders, granules or pellets for admixture with feed stuffs; pastes for application to the tongue;
  • parenteral administration for example by subcutaneous, intramuscular or intravenous injection, e.g. as a sterile solution or suspension; or (when appropriate) by intramammary injection where a suspension or solution is introduced into the udder via the teat;
  • topical application e.g. as a cream, ointment or spray applied to the skin;
  • the administered ingredients may also be used in therapy in conjunction with other medicaments or in conjunction with other immune modulating therapy including bone marrow or lymphocyte transplants or medications such as levamisol or thymosin which would increase lymphocyte numbers and/or function as is appropriate.
  • compositions of this invention may include other agents conventional in the art having regard to the type of composition in question, for example, those suitable for oral administration may include such further agents as sweeteners, thickeners and flavouring agents.
  • the infra-red spectrum of the compound in KBr is characterized by a triplet between 1040-1080 cm -1 (phosphate stretches), and strong bands at 947, 873, 809 and 724 cm -1 , presumably arising from W-O stretches and also perhaps Fe-O stretching vibrations which would be expected to lie within this region (see D. M. Kurtz, Jr. in Chem. Rev. 1990, 90, 585-606 ).
  • the Na and NH 4 compounds can be obtained as long, thin, neadle-like crystals, greenish in color. Air drying, especially in the case of the Na compound, causes the crystals to collapse.
  • the Na, Li and NH 4 salts are more readily soluble in water than either the
  • the potassium salt of this compound is obtained as a side product in the synthesis of K 10 [Co 4 (H 2 O) 2 (PW 9 O 34 ) 2 ].H 2 O by the method of H.T. Evans et al . Isolation of the crude K salt was as described in the preparation of
  • the compounds were prepared by the procedure of R.G. Finke et al.
  • a-K 6 P W 18 O 62 - was obtained by the slow addition of a near theoretical amount of a 1M solution of KHCO 3 to ⁇ , ⁇ -K6P 2 W 18 O 62, reacidifying the reaction solution and precipitating with KCl.
  • the potassium salt was converted to the sodium one using NaClO 4 and the trivacant polyanion salt Na 12 P 2 W 15 O 56 .18H 2 O was obtained on raising the reaction solution pH to 9 with Na 2 CO 3 as described by R.G. Finke et al. EXAMPLE OF COMPLEXING OF POLYANION WITH A DIVALENT
  • the substituted cyclopentadienyl compounds were obtained by Keana et al from ( ⁇ 5 -C 5 H 4 R)Ti(NMe 2 ) 3 and ⁇ 2 -K 10 P 2 W 17 O 61 in DMF/benzene and adding a little aqueous acid during the reaction.
  • organometallic is added to the reaction solution at a rate commensurate with the expulsion of organic solvent from the reaction solution to minimize precipitation of heteropolytungstate.
  • a flow of gas through the solution can be used to accellerate the rate of organic solvent evaporation.
  • an orange coloured solution is obtained which may contain a little precipitate.
  • Product purification is effected by either decanting or filtering the reaction solution at room temperature onto an alumina column (For example, Merck, Type 1077, 50-75g, washed with 1M sodium acetate solution acidified with acetic acid to around pH 5.6, and then water) and eluted with water.
  • alumina column For example, Merck, Type 1077, 50-75g, washed with 1M sodium acetate solution acidified with acetic acid to around pH 5.6, and then water
  • a solid product is obtained, which is collected, washed with cold water and re crystallized from water (ca. 75°, 1g product in 7-8ml water. The orange crystals are collected and air dried. Yield (not optimized) 7-8g.
  • the product is readily soluble in DMSO and hot water, sparingly in cold water.
  • Alkali metal salts of the heteropolyanion are obtained by eluting the reaction product from the alumina column with the required alkali metal acetate solution (ca. pH 5.6) and precipitating the product with ethanol followed by
  • active ingredient means a compound of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable derivative thereof.
  • the anti-HIV activity of compounds 1 to 21 of Example 1 has been assessed by the following test: Approximately one million human continuous lymphocytes (MT2) were exposed to each test compound at concentrations previously demonstrated to be non-toxic to MT2 cells (that is no drug related effect on cell numbers or cell morphology) for 2 hours at 37°C. They were then infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV strain 237288, 2000-10,000 TCID 50 per million MT2 cells) and cultured at 37°C in the presence of the test compound. Fresh amounts of test compound were added at the appropriate dilution 3 days later. Two types of controls were run with each batch of tests:
  • test compounds were also assessed by degree of the inhibition of reverse transcriptase activity at each concentration. After 5-7 days incubation as described above, supernatant fluids from each flask were removed and tested for virion associated reverse transcriptase (RT) activity using a standard method.
  • RT virion associated reverse transcriptase
  • formulation A may be prepared by wet granulation of the ingredients with a solution of povidone, followed by addition of magnesium stearate and compression.
  • formulation B may be prepared by direct compression of the admixed ingredients.
  • This formulation may be prepared by wet granulation of the ingredients (below) with a solution of povidone followed by the addition of magnesium stearate and compression.
  • a capsule formulation may be prepared by admixing the ingredients of Formulation
  • Formulation B (infra) may be prepared in a similar manner.
  • the following controlled release capsule formulation may be prepared by extruding ingredients (a), (b) and (c) using an extruder, followed by spheronisation of the extrudate and drying. The dried pellets may then be coated with
  • the active ingredient may be dissolved in most of the water (35°-40°C) and the pH adjusted to between 5.0 and 7.0 with the hydrochloric acid or the sodium hydroxide as appropriate.
  • the batch may then be made up to volume with the water and filtered through a sterile micropore filter into a sterile 10 ml amber glass vial (type 1) and sealed with sterile closures and overseals.

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Abstract

Heteropolytungstate compounds of general formulae (I), wherein M is Co, Fe, Zn, FeOA, FeO1/2; Cp represents an optionally substituted cyclopentadienyl residue; A is a monovalent or divalent cation or mixture of such cations; m is the number of cations necessary for electrical neutrality of the molecule; or pharmaceutically acceptable derivatives thereof. Pharmaceutical compositions or methods for the treatment or prophylaxis of retrovirus-associated infection which involve the use of such compounds.

Description

ANTIVIRAL AGENTS CONTAINING HETEROPOLYTUNGSTATE
The present invention relates to heteropolytungstates and pharmaceutically acceptable derivatives thereof, pharmaceutical compositions containing them, and to the use of these compounds in therapy, particularly for the treatment or prophylaxis of certain viral infections, for example retroviral infections such as Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS).
Because of the difficulty of inhibiting viruses while leaving the non-infected cells unimpaired, few antiviral drugs are currently in widespread clinical use. This is especially true of viruses within the family Retroviridae. The causative agent for AIDS, the Human Immunodeficiency Virus, [also known as Human T-cell
Lymphotropic Virus III (HLTV-III)] is a member of this family. This virus will be identified herein as HIV. Infection with HIV is associated with depletion of T4 lymphocytes, brain disease, and several types of cancer including Kaposis sarcoma. Patients infected with the virus also have a high incidence of opportunistic infections and a significantly reduced life span. Another virus within the same family is the Human T-cell Lymphotropic Virus Type 1 (HLTV-1) the causative agent of Adult T-cell leukaemia, an infection with high mortality occurring in a distinctive geographical pattern.
All members of the family Retroviridae possess a unique enzyme, reverse transcriptase, which is necessary for their replication. Because this enzyme is not normally present in uninfected cells, it is considered a target for antiviral drugs. Another virus utilising reverse transcriptase during replication is the Hepatitis B Virus (HBV). HBV causes widespread morbidity and mortality and is the main cause of primary hepatocellular carcinoma in individuals who are chronic carriers of the virus. Because of the common evolutionary origin of HBV and the retroviruses, treatment of HBV-infected individuals with the same regimen of drugs proposed herein for the treatment of patients infected with HIV could be possible.
Background
Heteropolytungstate compounds have been known for over 100 years. Most of their applications stem from their redox chemistry and also their high ionic weights and charges. Their redox chemistry has led to their most common use: catalysts for the oxidation of organic substrates such as, for example, propylene to acrylic acid, ethylene to acetaldehyde. In the biological field heteropolytungstates have found use as electron dense stains for electron microscopy, as analytical reagents for proteins and a few have also been shown to inhibit viral DNA and RNA polymerases (J.C. Chermann et al., Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm., 1975, 65, 1229; M. Herve et al., ibid 1983, 116, 222). The antimony heteropolytungstate (NH4)18[NaSb9W21Og6], (HPA-23), has also been shown to have marginal activity against HIV in permissive cell lines (MT-2, MT-4) however in these cases the cell toxicity is such that the therapeutic index1 is low(about 10 or less) (Y. Inouye, et al., Chem. Pharm. Bull. 1990, 38, 285). Because few anti-HIV agents were available at the time HPA-23 was tested in clinical trials despite this low therapeutic index (W. Rozenbaum et al ,. Lancet 1985, 11:450). HPA-23 has since been shown to be inactive in other in vitro screens and in subsequent clinical trials (J. Balzarini et al., Int. J. Cancer, 1986, 37, 451; M. Burgard,ef al., AIDS, 1989, 3, 665). The compounds of this invention are in general less toxic and more active than HPA-23 with antiviral indexes >20 and generally >50 and are active in all cell lines tested to date.
A recent report also cited that K7[PTi2W10O40].6H2O inhibits the replication of HIV in HTLV-1 carrying MT-4 cells (Y. Inouye, et al., Chem. Pharm. Bull. 1990, 38, 285).
Figure imgf000004_0001
1 Therapeutic index is defined as the ratio of the dose which is toxic to 50% of the test cells to the dose required to reduce the virus count by 50% The heteropolytungstates of this invention are based on Keggin-type and
Dawson-type structures, carrying either one or three vacancies. These vacancies are created by extraction of WO4+ or W3O6 6+ from the PW12O40 3- (Keggin) or P2W18O66 6- (Dawson) structure. Isomers of these unsaturated (lacunary) polyanions are possible, a consequence of the location of the vacancy. (R. Massart et al.., Inorg. Chem. 1977, 16, 2916; T.L. Jorris et al, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1987, 109, 7402; T.J.R. Weakly, Polyhedron, 1987, 6, 931; R. Contant et al.., J. Chem.
Res.(S), 1977, 222; R.G. Finke et al, Inorg. Chem. 1987, 26, 3886; M.T. Pope, Ηeteropoly and Isopoly Oxometallates', Springer- Verlag, 1983). The position of the vacancy in P2W17O611 0- is defined by the prefix α 1- for a belt vacancy oα α2- for a cap vacancy. The prefix α- or β- refers to isomerisation associated with the relative rotation of the W3 triad cap. In the trivacant polyanions, PW9O34 9- , the vacancy is found in either of two locations. In the B-form, an edge-linked W3 oxide triad has been lost, whereas in the A- form a corner linked W3 oxide triad has been removed. The unsaturated heteropolytungstates can behave as polyanion ligands and bond, at their vacant site, with metal ions. The more stable unsaturated polyanions appear to be the α2- (R. Contant et al J. Chem. Res. (S), 1977, 222; T.J.R. Weakley, Polyhedron, 1987, 6, 931) and B-type (W.H. Knoth,
Organometallics 1985, 4, 62) isomers. Transition metal ion complexes of type [M4(PW9O34)]10- are known only with the B-α- isomer of the polyanion ligand. A recent structure determination (T.J.R. Weakley et al, Inorg. Chem. 1990, 29, 1235) on Na14Cu[Cu4(H2O)2(P2W15O56)2].53H2O has shown that the bonding of the
P2W15O56 12- ligand to the set of four coplanar copper atoms is similar to that found in the corresponding PW9O34 9- containing compounds. In particular, the
P2W15O56 12- polyanion is formed from a-P2W18O62 6- by removal of one
edge-sharing cap (containing three tungsten atoms).
It is known that the A-α-PW9O34 9- anion can form complexes with transition metal ions. With Co2+, the species formed is [Co3(H2O)3(PW9O34)2]12- which on heating in aqueous solution is converted to the B-α- structure
[Co4(H2O)2(PW9O34)]10- (W.H. Knoth, et al, Organometallics 1985,4.62). The preparation of the compounds A10[M4(H2O)2PW9O34)2].nH2O, A = K, M = Mn(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II) was described in a note by T.J.R Weakley et al J.C.S. Chem. Commun. 1973, 139. A full paper on the synthesis and structure of several of the compounds by these workers appeared much more recently (H.T. Evans et a.l. J.C.S. Dalton Trans. 1986, 2699). Alternate preparative procedures, employing the preformed PW9O34 9- polyanion, were developed by R.G. Finke et al. (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1981, 103, 1587; Inorg. Chem. 1987, 26, 3886). The structure of the compounds, as noted above, is based on the B-α- isomer of the PW9O34 9- trivacant polyanion. The four transition metal atoms (M4) are coordinated to , and are located between, the two B-α- PW9O34 9- polyanions.
It has now been discovered that phosphorous containing complex
heteropolytungstates derived from Keggin and Dawson type structures carrying either one or three vacancies as described above are inhibitors of HIV infection.
Accordingly the present invention provides a method for the treatment or prophylaxis of a retrovirus-associated infection which involves the use of a heteropolytungstate compound of the general formulae I having a therapeutic index (as hereinbefore defined) of 50 or greater:
Am [CpTiPW11O39]. nH2O I(a)
Am [CpTiP2W17 O61]. nH2O I(b)
Am [M4(H2O)2(PW9O34)2]. nH2O I(c)
Am [M4(H2OMP2W15O56)2]. nH2O I(d)
Am [M9P5W27O119H17]. nH2O I(e)
Formula I; wherein:
M is Co, Fe, Zn, FeOA, FeO1/2;
Cp represents an optionally substituted cyclopentadienyl residue;
A is a monovalent or divalent cation or mixture of such cations; m is the number of cations necessary for electrical neutrality of the molecule.
The compounds of the invention are polyanions with associated cations (A) for electrical neutrality. They crystallise with a variable number of molecules of water of crystallisation (n) dependent upon the conditions of product recovery and subsequent treatment; all such hydrate forms fall within the scope of this invention.
For monovalent cations, the number of cations (m) for the compounds of Formula I is as follows:
Compound m
I(a) 4
I(b) 7
I(c) 10
I(d) 16
I(e) 16
If divalent cations, or a mixture of monovalent and divalent cations, are present then a lesser number will be sufficient for electrical neutrality and m will be smaller. Preferred cations are sodium, potassium, lithium, ammonium,
alkylammonium, cationic alkali metal crown ether complexes, magnesium, or calcium.
The term "optionally substituted", in relation to the cyclopentadienyl residue, means that the residue may contain one or more substituents. Suitable substituents will be chosen on the basis of the known chemistry of cyclopentadienyl-titanium complexes. In general, substituents will be selected on the basis that:
(1) they do not interfere with the π-bonding of the cyclopentadiene ring to the titanium atom;
(2) they do not interfere with the formation of the compound of formula I; and (3) they do not have a deleterious effect on the antiviral properties of the
compound. A wide range of suitable substituents is known to those skilled in the art of cyclopentadienyl compounds. These are discussed, for example, in the series of Gmelin Handbooks on Titanium-Organic compounds, and in papers by Keana, et al. (J. Amer. Chem. Soc. 1985, 107, 6714; ibid 1986, 108, 7951; ibid 1986, 108, 7957; J. Org. Chem. 1987, 52, 2571).
By "a pharmaceutically acceptable derivative" is meant any pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or any other compound which, upon administration to the recipient, is capable of providing (directly or indirectly) a heteropolytungstate of the general formula I, or an antivirally active metabolite or residue thereof
It will be appreciated that the compounds according to the invention may also be used in the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment or prophylaxis of a retrovirus-associated infection.
In another aspect, the present invention provides a pharmaceutical composition for the treatment or prophylaxis of a retrovirus-associated infection, which comprises an effective amount of a compound of the general formula I, in association with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or diluent.
The present invention also extends to a method for the treatment or prophylaxis of a retrovirus associated infection, which comprises administering to a patient in need of such treatment or prophylaxis an effective amount of a compound of the general formula I.
Examples of compounds of Formula 1 which fall within the ambit of the present invention include the following2:
Figure imgf000008_0001
"18-C6K" means compounds containing K+ complexed by the cyclic polyether 18-Crown-6 1. K 4 [CpTiPW11O39] .nH2O
2. (N(n-C4H9)4)4 [CpTiPWπO39] .nH2O
3. Na4 [CpTiPW11O39] .nH2O
4. Li4 [CpTiPW11O39]. nH2O
5. (NH4)4 [CpTiPW11O39] .nH2O
6. K7 [CpTiP2W17O61] .nH2O
7. Li7 [CpTiP2W17O61] .nH2O
8. Na7 [CpTiP,W17O61] .nH2O
9. (NHMe3)7 [CpTiP2W17O61] .nH2O
10. (NH4)7 [CpTiP2W17O61] .nH2O
11. K10 [Co4(H2O)2 (PW9O34)2] .22H2O
12. Li10 [Co4(H2O)2 (PW9O34)2] .nH2O
13. Na10 [Co4(H2O)2 (PW9O34)2] .nH2O
14. (NH4)10 [Co4(H2O)2 (PW9O34)2] .nH2O 15. [NH(CH3)3]10 [Co4(H2O)2 (PW9O34)2] .nH2O
16. [NH(C,H5)3]10 [Co4(H2O)2 (PW9O34)2] .nH2O
17. [NH3(C2H5)]10 [Co4(H2O)2 (PW9O34)2] .nH2O
18. Rb10 [Co4(H2O)2 (PW9O34)2] .nH2O
19. Cs10 [Co4(H2O)2 (PW9O34)2] .nH2O
20. (18-C6K)10 [Co4(H2O)2 (PW9O34)2] .nH2O
21. Ca5 [Co4(H2O)2 (PW9O34)2] .nH,O
22. K10 [Zn4(H2O)2 (PW9O34)2] .22H2O
23. Li10 [Zn4(H2O)2 (PW9O34)2] .nH2O
24. Rb10 [Zn4(H2O)2 (PW9O34)2] .nH2O
25. Cs10 [Zn4(H2O)2 (PW9O34)2] .nH2O
26. Na10 [Zn4(H2O)2 (PW9O34)2] .nH2O
27. (NH4)10 [Zn4(H2O)2 (PW9O34)2] .nH2O
28. [NH(C2H5)3]10 [Zn4(H2O)2 (PW9O34)2] .nH2O
29. [NH3(C2H5)]10 [Zn4(H2O)2 (PW9O34)2] .nH2O 30. (18-C6K)10 [Zn4(H2O)2 (PW9O34)2] .nH2O
31. Ca5[Zn4(H2O)2 (PW9O34)2] .nH2O
32. Mg5[Zn4(H2O)2 (PW9O34)2] .nH2O 33. [NH(CH3)3]10 [Zn4(H2O)2 (PW9O34)2] .nH2O
34. K10 [Fe4(H2O)2 (PW9O34)2] .nH2O
35. Li10 [Fe4(H2O)2 (PW9O34)2] .nH2O
36. Na10 [Fe4(H2O)2 (PW9O34)2] .nH2O
37. (NH4)10 [Fe4(H2O)2 (PW9O34)2] .nH2O
37A. [NH(CH3)3]10[Fe4(H,O)2 (PW9O34)2]. nH2O
38. (18-C6K)10 [Fe4(H2O)2 (PW9O34)2] .nH2O
39. K16[Co4(H2O)2 (P2W15O56)2] .nH2O
40. (NH4)16 [Co4(H2O)2 (P2W15O56)2] .nH2O 41. Na16 [Co4(H2O)2 (P2W15O56)2] .nH2O
42. Li16 [Co4(H2O)2 (P2W15O56)2] .nH2O
43. (NHMe3)16 [Co4(H2O)2 (P2W15O56)2] .nH2O
44. Mg8 [Co4(H2O)2 (P2W15O56)2] .nH2O
45. K16 [Zn4(H2O)2 ( (P2W15O56)2] .nH2O
46. (NH4)16 [Zn4(H2O)2 (P2W15O56)2] .nH2O
47. Na16 [Zn4(H2O)2 (P2W15O56)2] .nH2O
48. Li16 [Zn4(H2O)2 (P2W15O56)2] .nH2O
49. (NHMe3)16 [Zn4(H2O)2 (P2W15O56)2J .nH2O
50. Mg8 [Zn4(H2O)2 (P2W15O56)2] .nH2O
68. Mg8 [Mn4(H2O)2 (P2W15O56)2] .nH2O
69. (NH4)16 [Co9 P5W27 O119 H17].nH2O
70. K16 [Co9 P5W27 O119 H17].nH2O
71. Li16 [Co9 P5W27 O119 H17].nH2O
72. Na16 [Co9 P5W27 O119 H17.nH2O
73. Cag [Co9 P5W27 Oπ9 H17].nH2O
121. K10 [(FeOK)4(PW9O34)2].nH2O
122. Na10 [(FeONa)4(PW9O34)2].nH2O
123. Li10 [(FeOLi)4(PW9O34)2].nH2O
124. (NHMe3)10 [(FeO(NHMe3))4(PW9O34)2].nH2O 125. Na16 [Fe4(H2O)2(P2WI5O56)2].nH2O
126. Li16 [Fe4(H2O)2(P2W15O56)2].nH2O
127. (NH4)10[(FeONH4)4(PW9O34)2].nH2O 128. KM[(FeO½ )4((PW9O34)2] .nH2O
Of the above listed compounds those numbered 1, 2, 6, 9, 11, 13, 22, 23, 47, 48 and 70 are known.
The invention also provides novel compound according to formula, I and includes the specific compounds listed above, excluding those listed as being known.
The compounds according to the invention, also referred to herein as the "active ingredient(s)", may be administered for therapy by any suitable route, including oral, rectal, nasal, topical (including buccal and sublingual), vaginal and parenteral (including subcutaneous, intramuscular, intravenous and intradermal). Preferably, administration will be by the oral route, however it will be appreciated that the preferred route will vary with the condition and age of the recipient, and the nature of the chosen active ingredient.
In general a suitable dose will be in the range of 3.0 to 120 mg per kilogram body weight of the recipient per day, preferably in the range of 6 to 90 mg per kilogram body weight per day and most preferably in the range 15 to 60 mg per kilogram body weight per day. The desired dose is preferably presented as two, three, four, five, six or more sub-doses administered at appropriate intervals throughout the day. These sub-doses may be administered in unit dosage forms, for example, containing 10 to 1500 mg, preferably 20 to 1000 mg, and most preferably 50 to 700 mg of active ingredient per unit dosage form
Ideally the active ingredient should be administered to achieve peak plasma concentrations of the active compound of from about 0.1 to about 75 mM, preferably about 2 to 50 mM. This may be achieved, for example, by the intravenous injection of a 0.1 to 5% solution of the active ingredient, optionally in saline, or orally administered as a bolus containing about 0.1 to about 100 mg/kg of the active ingredient. Desirable blood levels may be maintained by a continuous infusion to provide about 0.01 to about 5.0 mg/hour by intermittent infusions containing about 0.4 to about 15 mg/mg of the active ingredient. While it is possible for the active ingredient to be administered alone, it is preferable to present it as a pharmaceutical composition. The compositions of the present invention comprise at least one compound of general formula (I), together with one or more pharmaceutically acceptably carriers thereof, and optionally other therapeutic agents. Each carrier must be pharmaceutically "acceptable" in the sense of being compatible with the other ingredients of the composition and not injurious to the patient. Compositions include those suitable for oral, rectal, nasal, topical (including buccal and sublingual), vaginal or parenteral (including subcutaneous, intramuscular, intravenous and intradermal) administration. The compositions may conveniently be presented in unit dosage form and may be prepared by any methods well known in the art of pharmacy. Such methods include the step of bringing into association the active ingredient with the carrier which constitutes one or more accessory ingredients. In general, the compositions are prepared by uniformly and intimately bringing into association the active ingredient with liquid carriers or finely divided solid carriers or both, and then if necessary shaping the product. Compositions of the present invention suitable for oral administration may be presented as discrete units such as capsules, sachets or tablets each containing a predetermined amount of the active ingredient; as a powder or granules; as a solution or a suspension in an aqueous or non-aqueous liquid; or as an
oil-in-water liquid emulsion or a water-in-oil liquid emulsion. The active ingredient may also be presented as a bolus, electuary or paste.
A tablet may be made by compression or moulding, optionally with one or more accessory ingredients. Compressed tablets may be prepared by compressing in a suitable machine the active ingredient in a free-flowing form such as a powder or granules, optionally mixed with a binder (e.g inert diluent, preservative disintegrant (e.g. sodium starch glycollate, cross-linked povidone, cross-linked sodium carboxymethyl cellulose) surface- active or dispersing agent. Moulded tablets may be made by moulding in a suitable machine a mixture of the powdered compound moistened with an inert liquid diluent. The tablets may optionally be coated or scored and may be formulated so as to provide slow or controlled release of the active ingredient therein using, for example, hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose in varying proportions to provide the desired release profile. Tablets may optionally be provided with an enteric coating, to provide release in parts of the gut other than the stomach.
Compositions suitable for topical administration in the mouth include lozenges comprising the active ingredient in a flavoured basis, usually sucrose and acacia or tragacanth gum; pastilles comprising the active ingredient in an inert basis such as gelatin and glycerin, or sucrose and acacia gum; and mouthwashes comprising the active ingredient in a suitable liquid carrier. Compositions for rectal administration may be presented as a suppository with a suitable base comprising, for example, cocoa butter or a salicylate.
Compositions suitable for vaginal administration may be presented as pessaries, tampons, creams, gels, pastes, foams or spray formulations containing in addition to the active ingredient such carriers as are known in the art to be appropriate.
Compositions suitable for parenteral administration include aqueous and non-aqueous isotonic sterile injection solutions which may contain anti-oxidants, buffers, bacteriostats and solutes which render the composition isotonic with the blood of the intended recipient; and aqueous and non-aqueous sterile suspensions which may include suspending agents and thickening agents. The compositions may be presented in unit-dose or multi-dose sealed containers, for example, ampoules and vials, and may be stored in a freeze-dried (lyophilized) condition requiring only the addition of the sterile liquid carrier, for example water for injections, immediately prior to use. Extemporaneous injection solutions and suspensions may be prepared from sterile powders, granules and tablets of the kind previously described.
Preferred unit dosage compositions are those containing a daily dose or unit, daily sub-dose, as herein above recited, or an appropriate fraction thereof, of an active ingredient. The compounds according to the invention may also be presented for use in the form of veterinary compositions, which may be prepared, for example, by methods that are conventional in the art. Examples of such veterinary compositions include those adapted for:
(a) oral administration, external application, for example drenches (e.g. aqueous or non-aqueous solutions or suspensions); tablets or boluses; powders, granules or pellets for admixture with feed stuffs; pastes for application to the tongue;
(b) parenteral administration for example by subcutaneous, intramuscular or intravenous injection, e.g. as a sterile solution or suspension; or (when appropriate) by intramammary injection where a suspension or solution is introduced into the udder via the teat;
(c) topical application, e.g. as a cream, ointment or spray applied to the skin; or
(d) intravaginally, e.g. as a pessary, cream or foam.
The administered ingredients may also be used in therapy in conjunction with other medicaments or in conjunction with other immune modulating therapy including bone marrow or lymphocyte transplants or medications such as levamisol or thymosin which would increase lymphocyte numbers and/or function as is appropriate.
It should be understood that in addition to the ingredients particularly mentioned above, the compositions of this invention may include other agents conventional in the art having regard to the type of composition in question, for example, those suitable for oral administration may include such further agents as sweeteners, thickeners and flavouring agents. ENERAL METHODS OF PREPA RATION
1. Preparation of A10 [M4(H2O)(PW9O34)2] .nH2O (1(c)) Two general methods of preparation of these compounds have been used; that due to H.T. Evans et al.. (JCS Dalton Trans, 1986, 2699) or the method of R. G. Finke et al.. (Inorg. Chem. 1987, 26, 3886)
(All temperatures are in Celsius.) EXAMPLE OF A COMPOUND MADE BY THE EVANS ET AL PROCEDURE
Preparation of K10[Co4(H2O)2(PW9O34)2].22H2O
6.11g (0.021 mol) Co(NO3)2.6H2O was dissolved in 110 mL H2O containing 9.8g (70% w/w) HNO3 and brought to the boil. A solution of 29.7g (0.090 mol)
Na2WO42H2O and 3.94g (0.011 mol) Na2HPO4.12H2O in 110 mL H2O was then slowly added. After about two thirds of this solution had been added to the refluxing cobalt nitrate solution, a precipitate formed which redissolved on continued addition of the solution. After 5h reflux the clear reddish solution was treated with 40g solid KCl. The precipitate formed was collected and washed well with H2O at room temperature. Yield of crude product 16.9g. [The washings gave 7.4g of crude K16[CO9P5W27O119H17] (see below).] The product was purified by twice dissolving in hot water and precipitating with excess KCl and then recrystallising from water at 85° and standing at room temperature. Yield of air dried product = 14.6g blue-purple crystals.
EXAMPLES OF COMPOUNDS MADE BY THE FINKE ET AL PROCEDURE
Preparation of K10[Fe4(H2O)(PW9O34)2].nH2O This method involves the reaction of preformed PW9O34 9- polyanion with a stoichiometric amount of metal salt. The PW9O34 9- anion was prepared by the method of R. Massart et al. (Inorg. Chem. 1977,16, 2916) as hydrated A-NagHPW9O34 which on heat treatment at 140° is converted at least in part, to the B- form (W.H. Knoth et al., Inorg. Chem. 1987, 26, 3886). This isomerization reaction is not completely understood. Following Finke et al, the polyanion used in this work was heated at 140-145° for 1-2h, usually about 12/3 hours.
4.71g(12 mmol) (NH4)2Fe(SO4)2.6H2O and 17.1g of heat treated
Na8HPW9O34.24H2O were placed in a 250 mL Schlenk flask. After degassing under vacuum and replacement of the air with argon, 120 mL of de-aerated water were added and the reaction mixture refluxed for 5h. Degassed KCl (ca. 30g) was then added and the mixture let stand at room temperature overnight. The brown solid was collected under argon to give a yield of 15.4g of crude product. The compound was redissolved in 100 mL of de-aerated water at 80-85° under argon and treated with ca. 25g degassed KCl. The product was collected under argon from the cool reaction solution and then redissolved in 100 mL de-aerated water at 80-85° under argon and filtered hot through a G3 frit filter stick. On standing at room temperature, brown crystals formed which were collected under argon and dried under vacuum. Yield of brown crystalline product was 13.8g. It is air sensitive, oxidizing to a yellow material. Preparation of K10[(FeOK)4(PW9O34)2]. nH2O
While the following preparation is typical and gives good yields, it is not mandatory to use preformed Δ-Na8HPW9O34.19H2O or an iron(III) carboxylate to obtain the product.
A mixture of 31 g (11.25 mmol) of Δ-NagHPW9O34.19H2O, prepared following R. G. Finke, M. Droege and P. J. Domaille, Inorg. Chem. 1987, 26, 3886-3896, and an iron(III) carboxylate (22.5 mmol based on iron) were mixed and 100 mL water added. The mixture was magnetically stired with gentle warming. The reaction mixture was refluxed for 8-12 hours, during which time the solution became somewhat lighter in colour. On addition of 35 g KCl, the solution solidified to a yellow mass which was collected ( yield 30.6 g) after the reaction mixture had cooled to room temp. The product was dissolved in ca. 275-300 mL boiling water and filtered hot through a Whatman No. 540 filter paper. 40g KCl was then added to the heated stirred solution. The compound (24.4 g) was collected at room temp. It was dissolved again in ca. 250 mL water near boiling point, filtered through a Whatman No. 542 paper, and 5-8 g of KCl added. On cooling to room temp, the product separates and fills the volume of the solution. The compound is collected on a frit and washed with 3 × 25 mL water (at room temp.) and then with ethanol before air drying on the frit. Yield 22.5 g. Storing over silica gel under vacuum for several days resulted in a weight loss of about 0.3 g. The amount of water associated with the product is variable. Analyses by ICP indicated an atomic ratio of K7Fe2PW9, suggesting that the compound may have a formula of type
K14[(FeO)4(PW9O34)2]. nH2O. Titration of the protonated form of the compound, prepared by elution through a column of "Amberlite" resin, type IR-120 in the H+ form, with KOH, suggests that the compound is perhaps better formulated as K10[(FeOK)4(PW9O34)2].nH2O, since about 4 of the 14 protons are neutralized only when the pH of the solution exceeds 3.5.
The infra-red spectrum of the compound in KBr is characterized by a triplet between 1040-1080 cm-1 (phosphate stretches), and strong bands at 947, 873, 809 and 724 cm-1, presumably arising from W-O stretches and also perhaps Fe-O stretching vibrations which would be expected to lie within this region (see D. M. Kurtz, Jr. in Chem. Rev. 1990, 90, 585-606 ). The Na and NH4 compounds can be obtained as long, thin, neadle-like crystals, greenish in color. Air drying, especially in the case of the Na compound, causes the crystals to collapse. The Na, Li and NH4 salts are more readily soluble in water than either the
corresponding K or NMe3H salt.
Compounds in which the cation is other than potassium can be obtained by ion exchange or addition of a large excess of the required salt (usually the chloride) instead of the KCl used in the examples above. Organic solvent (usually ethanol) was added to solutions of the very soluble compounds to effect their isolation. Those compounds containing K+ complexed by the cyclic polyether 18-Crown-6 were made by addition of a slight excess of the ether to an aqueous slurry of the pure K10[M4(H2O)2(PW9O34)2].nH2O compound. The isolated compound was then washed with aqueous ethanol. EXAMPLE OF PREPARATION OF COMPOUND BY CATION EXCHANGE Preparation of (NH4)]6 [Co9P5W27O119H17].nH2O. (1(e))
The potassium salt of this compound is obtained as a side product in the synthesis of K10[Co4(H2O)2(PW9O34)2].H2O by the method of H.T. Evans et al . Isolation of the crude K salt was as described in the preparation of
K10[Co4(H2O)2(PW9O34)2].nH2O. The product (7.4g) was dissolved in warm water
(ca. 70mL) to give a red solution which was filtered and then treated with 16g
NH4Cl. Pink product (5.3g) was obtained after standing 16h at 5°. This step was repeated to give 5.1g of product which was dissolved in 20ml of water at 65-70°, filtered and kept at 5° for several days. The product was collected and air dried; yield 2.0g. More compound can be obtained by reducing the solvent or on addition of ethanol. PREPARATION OF P2W15O56 12- ANION
The compounds were prepared by the procedure of R.G. Finke et al.
a-K6P W18O62- was obtained by the slow addition of a near theoretical amount of a 1M solution of KHCO3 to α,β-K6P2W18O62, reacidifying the reaction solution and precipitating with KCl. The potassium salt was converted to the sodium one using NaClO4 and the trivacant polyanion salt Na12P2W15O56.18H2O was obtained on raising the reaction solution pH to 9 with Na2CO3 as described by R.G. Finke et al. EXAMPLE OF COMPLEXING OF POLYANION WITH A DIVALENT
TRANSITION METAL
Preparation of Na15[M4(H2O)2(P2W15O56),].nH2O. (1(d))
The compound in which M = Co was prepared by adding α-Na12P2W15O56.xH2O (5g) to a solution of CoCl2.6H,O (0.59g, 2.5mmol) and NaCl (3g) in distilled water (50mL, 35-40°). The heteropolyanion dissolved over a few minutes; stirring was continued for 15 - 20 mins. before the solution was filtered and kept overnight at 5°. The grey coloured solid which formed in the reddish mother liquor was collected on a frit. Filtration was difficult and slow. After washing the product with ethanol and diethyl ether, 3.8g of air dried product was obtained. It was recrystallized from a little distilled water warmed to ca. 45°. The compounds in which M = Zn, Cu, Ni or Mn, when prepared in a similar manner, yielded larger crystals which were much more readily collected by filtration than the corresponding cobalt compound. The 31P nmr spectra of the compounds M = Zn, Cu, Ni or Mn were indicative of just one isomer present in solution (D2O). The 31P nmr spectrum of the compound M = Co had, however, up to 12 resonance peaks between -6.9 and 25.5ppm (85% H3PO4 external reference). On heating a solution of this compound for several hours at 80-90°, the 31Pnmr spectrum simplified to one peak centred at 10.8ppm flanked by two very weak peaks (contained less than 2%of the total peak areas) at 9.5 and 11.9ppm. This species is referred to as the high temperature form of the cobalt compound.
Preparation of the high temperature form of Na16[Co4(H2O)2(P2W15O56)2].nH2O.
The cobalt compound (ca. 12g), prepared as described above, was dissolved in distilled water (75mL) and heated in a water bath at 80-90° for 7h. Heating time was not optimized and a considerable shorter time may have been sufficient. After addition of NaCl (6g), the red solution was let stand at room temperature.
Brown-red, shiny, platelet-like crystals collected on the bottom of the flask and were readily isolated by filtration to give 9.8g of air dried product. This was dissolved in 7mL distilled water, filtered and set aside to cool. The crystals were collected and air dried, yield 8.5g, n is ca. 52. EXAMPLE OF PREPARATION OF COMPOUNDS CONTAINING A CYCLOPENTADIENYL GROUP
Preparation of α-A4[ηs-C5H5)TiPW11O39] .nH2O. (1(a))
The [α-(η5-C5H5)TiPW11O39]4- polyanion was made first by R.K.C. Ho and W. Klemperer (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1978, 100, 6772) by reaction of
α-[(n-CCH9)4N]4H3PW11O39 with (η5-C5H5)TiCl3 under anhydrous conditions. [Full description of preparation in R.K.C. Ho Ph.D Thesis, Columbia University, 1979, pp82,83.] W. Knoth (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1979, 101, 759) independently prepared the polyanion under aqueous conditions from (η5-C3H5)TiCl3 and
PW12O40 3- (at pH 7), obtaining two isomers. More recently J.F.W. Keana et al. (J. Amer. Chem. Soc. 1985, 107, 6714; ibid 1986. 108, 7951; ibid 1986, 108, 7957; J. Org. Chem. 1987, 52, 2571) have made this polyanion and a number of substituted cyclopentadienyl analogues for use as electron microscopy labels for biological molecules.
The general synthetic method of Ho and Klemperer was used to make this compound. 30g Na2WO4.2H2O and 2.97g Na2HPO4.12H2O were dissolved in 60mL H2O in a beaker. To the stirred solution was added, dropwise, 7.2ml 10N HCl. A white precipitate formed. Stirring was continued and after 1h sufficient 10N HCl was added to solubilize the compound (ca. 6.5mL). The pH of this solution was between 5 and 6. On addition of 12g solid (n-C4H9)4NBr a white precipitate formed which was treated slowly, especially after the reaction solution pH reached 4, and with vigorous stirring, with 3N HCl until the pH reached 0.7 to 0.8.
Approximately 15ml 3N HCl were required. The product was collected, washed with H2O and ether and dried. Yield 30g. 10.94g (0.0030mol) α-[(n-C4H9)4N]4H3PW11O39 and 0.70g (0.0032mmol)
(η5-C5H5)TiCl3 were placed under N2 into a 150mL Schlenk flask and 120mL 1,2-C2H4Cl2 (distilled under argon from P2O5) was added. The solution was stirred and warmed to 60° under an argon flow for 2-3h. The reaction solution colour changed from orange to yellowish to a greenish colour during the course of the reaction. On cooling to room temperature the solution was filtered and then treated with 200mL dry ether (about half the 1,2-C2H4Cl2 was expelled with the HCI during the course of the reaction by the argon stream). The product was collected, washed well with water and ether and air dried. Yield 8.5g. This was dissolved in ca. 55mL acetone, filtered, and the yellow solution was treated with toluene until cloudy. 7g of yellow crystals of α-[(n-C4H9)4N]4[(η5-C5Hs)TiPW11O39] were obtained.
6.4g of this tetra-n-butylammonium salt was dissolved in 100mL 1,2-CH2Cl2 and a saturated aqueous solution of KI (10g) was added. CHCl3 was then added to the stirred mixture until the upper layer was nearly colourless. The organic layer was removed and the aqueous solution (ca. 6mL) together with some organics was centrifuged. Some solids had separated and therefore the aqueous solution was diluted to 15mL, filtered and placed in a vacuum dessicator over P2O5. After the solution had concentrated to ca. 10mL, orange crystals formed which were collected when the solution volume was ca. 5mL. Yield 2.9g orange
α-K4[(η5-C5H5)TiPW11O39] .nH2O.
Preparation of α2-A7[(η5-C5H5)TiP2W17O61].nH2O (1(b))
Compounds containing the heteropolyanion [(η5-C5H5)TiP2W17O61]7- were first prepared by J.F.W. Keana et al. (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1985, 107, 6714; ibid. 1986, 108, 7951; ibid. 1986, 108, 7957; J. Org. Chem. 1987, 52, 2571). In many of the compounds substituted cyclopentadienyl groups were incorporated and these compounds were designed for use as labels for biological compounds in transmission electron microscopy. The unsubstituted compound was prepared in high yield from (η5-C5H5)TiCl3 by the method of W. Knoth (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1979, 101, 759) but using α2-K10P2W17O61 instead of the Keggin-type
mono-vacant polyanion. The substituted cyclopentadienyl compounds were obtained by Keana et al from (η5-C5H4R)Ti(NMe2)3 and α2-K10P2W17O61 in DMF/benzene and adding a little aqueous acid during the reaction.
We have prepared these type of compounds from the readily available (η5-C5H5)2 TiCl2 and ((η5-C5H4CH3)2TiCl2 by reaction with a warm aqueous solution of α2-K10P2W17O61. Two of the compounds, α2-(NMe3H)7(η5-C5H5)TiP2W17O61] and the corresponding potassium salt, have been reported by J. F. W. Keana et al. (J. Am. Chem. Soc, 1985, 107, 6714; ibid. 1986, 108, 7951).
Preparation of α2-[NMe3H]7 [(η5-C5H5)TiP2W17O61].nH2O α-K10P2W17O61.22H2O (24.7g, 5mmol) is dissolved in 100-150mL water. To this stirred solution, held at a temperature of 70-80°C but may be lower, was added a solution of bis(η5-cyclopentadienyl)titanium dichloride (1.3-1.4g; approx.
5.5mmoi) in an organic solvent usually tetrahydrofuran, but others of lower boiling point such as CH2Cl2 can also be used. The organometallic is added to the reaction solution at a rate commensurate with the expulsion of organic solvent from the reaction solution to minimize precipitation of heteropolytungstate. A flow of gas through the solution can be used to accellerate the rate of organic solvent evaporation. At the completion of the reaction an orange coloured solution is obtained which may contain a little precipitate.
Product purification is effected by either decanting or filtering the reaction solution at room temperature onto an alumina column (For example, Merck, Type 1077, 50-75g, washed with 1M sodium acetate solution acidified with acetic acid to around pH 5.6, and then water) and eluted with water. On treatment of the orange solution with trimethylammonium chloride (25g) a solid product is obtained, which is collected, washed with cold water and re crystallized from water (ca. 75°, 1g product in 7-8ml water. The orange crystals are collected and air dried. Yield (not optimized) 7-8g. The product is readily soluble in DMSO and hot water, sparingly in cold water.
1H nmr (2H6-DMSO, TMS δ0.000); δ2.91(s,63H, CH3), δ6.38(s,5H,C5H5), δ8.9(b,NH).
1H nmr (D2O, 2H4-TMSP(Na salt) d0.00); δ2.99 (s,63H,CH3), δ6.78(s,5H,C5H5).
Alkali metal salts of the heteropolyanion are obtained by eluting the reaction product from the alumina column with the required alkali metal acetate solution (ca. pH 5.6) and precipitating the product with ethanol followed by
recrystallization.
The following examples are intended for illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention in any way. The term "active ingredient" as used in the Examples means a compound of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable derivative thereof.
EXAMPLE 1
Using the appropriate general methods described above the following compounds were synthesised:
Compound No. Formula
1. K4 [CpTiPW11O39] .nH2O
2. (N(n-C4H9)4)4 [CpTiPW11O39] .nH2O
6. K7 [CpTiP2W17O61] .nH2O
7. Li7 [CpTiP2W17O61] .nH2O
8. Na7 [CpTiP2W17O61] .nH2O
9. (NHMe3)7 [CpTiP2W17O61] .nH2O
10. (NH4)7 [CpTiP2W17O61] .nH2O
11. K10 [Co4(H2O)2 (PW9O34)2] .22H2O
12. Li10 [Co4(H2O)2 (PW9O34)2] .nH2O
13. Na10 [Co4(H,O)2 (PW9O34)2] .nH2O
14. (NH4)10 [Co4(H2O)2 (PW9O34)2] .nH2O
16. [NH(C2H5)3]10 [Co4(H2O)2 (PW9O34)2] .nH2O
17. [NH3(C2H5)]10 [Co4(H2O)2 (PW9O34)2] .nH2O
18. Rb10 [Co4(H2O)2 (PW9O34)2] .nH2O
19. Cs10 [Co4(H2O)2 (PW9O34)2] .nH2O
20. (18-C6K)10 [Co4(H2O)2 (PW9O34)2] .nH2O
21. Ca5 [Co4(H2O)2 (PW9O34)2] .nH2O
22. K10 [Zn4(H2O)2 (PW9O34)2] .22H2O
23. Li10 [Zn4(H2O)2 (PW9O34)2] .nH2O
24. Rb10 [Zn4(H2O)2 (PW9O34)2] .nH2O
25. Cs10 [Zn4(H2O)2 (PW9O34)2] .nH2O
26. Na10 [Zn4(H2O)2 (PW9O34)2] .nH2O
27. (NH4)10 [Zn4(H2O)2 (PW9O34)2] .nH2O
29. [NH3(C2H5)]10 [Zn4(H2O)2 (PW9O34)2] .nH2O
30. (18-C6K)10 [Zn4(H2O)2 (PW9O34)2] .nH2O
31. Ca5[Zn4(H2O)2 (PW9O34)2] .nH2O 33. [NH(CH3)3]10 [Zn4(H2O)2 (PW9O34)2] .nH2O
34. K10 [Fe4(H2O)2 (PW9O34)2] .nH2O
35. Li10 [Fe4(H2O)2 (PW9O34)2] .nH2O
36. Na10 [Fe4(H2O)2 (PW9O34)2] .nH2O
37. (NH4)10 [Fe4(H2O)2 (PW9O34)2] .nH2O
40. (NH4)16 [Co4(H2O)2 (P2W15O56)2] .nH2O
41. Na16 [Co4(H2O)2 (P2W15O56)2] ΛH2O
42. Li16 [Co4(H2O)2 (P2W15O56)2] .nH2O
69. (NH4)16 [Co9 P5W27 O119 H17].nH2O
70. K16 [Co9 P5W27 O119 H17].nH2O
121. K10 [(FeOK)4 (PW9O34)2] .nH2O
122. Na10 [(FeONa)4(PW9O34)2].nH2O
123. Li10 [(FeOLi)4(PW9O34)2].nH2O
124. (NHMe3)10 [(FeO(NHMe3))4(PW9O34)2].nH2O 125. Na16 [Fe4(H2O)2(P2W15O56)2].nH2O
126. Li16 [Fe4(H2O)2(P2WI5O56)2].nH,O
127. (NH4)10[(FeONH4)4(PW9O34)2] .nH2O
128. K10[(FeO1/2)4((PW9O34)2].nH2O
EXAMPLE 2: Anti -HIV Activity
The anti-HIV activity of compounds 1 to 21 of Example 1 has been assessed by the following test: Approximately one million human continuous lymphocytes (MT2) were exposed to each test compound at concentrations previously demonstrated to be non-toxic to MT2 cells (that is no drug related effect on cell numbers or cell morphology) for 2 hours at 37°C. They were then infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV strain 237288, 2000-10,000 TCID50 per million MT2 cells) and cultured at 37°C in the presence of the test compound. Fresh amounts of test compound were added at the appropriate dilution 3 days later. Two types of controls were run with each batch of tests:
A. HIV infected non-drug treated,
B. Uninfected non-drug treated.
(a) All cultures were monitored for the presence or absence of virus-specific cytopathic effects daily from day 3. The extent of virus-specific cytopathic effects (cpe) associated with each concentration of test compound was rated according to the following scale:
4+ 75-100% of MT2 cells showing cpe
3+ 50-75% of MT2 cells showing cpe
2+ 25-50% of MT2 cells showing cpe
+ 5-25% of MT2 cells showing cpe
+/- less than 5% of MT2 cells showing cpe
-ve no observable cpe in MT2 cells
(b) The activity of the test compounds was also assessed by degree of the inhibition of reverse transcriptase activity at each concentration. After 5-7 days incubation as described above, supernatant fluids from each flask were removed and tested for virion associated reverse transcriptase (RT) activity using a standard method.
The cpe effects and RT activity for each compound at various dose rates are given in Tables 1, 1A and 1B below. Greater than 90% inhibition of reverse transcriptase activity represents effective control of virus replication and hence HIV infection.
TABLE 1
Concentration (μg/mL) Therapeutic 10 1 0.1 0.01 Index
HpA 23 - Prior art compound for comparison
Inhibition of RT activity
(% of control) 62 0 11 <10 cpe 3+ 4+ 4+ Compound 1
Inhibition of RT activity
(% of control) 91.6 88.8 82.3 16.6 >1000 cpe -ve +/- 2+ 3+ Compound 6
RT activity
(% of control) 99.7 97.4 98.8 82.5 >100 cpe -ve -ve 1+ Compound 9
Inhibition of RT activity
% of control 97.6 98.9 87.4 0 >200 cpe -ve -ve + 4+ Compound 11
RT activity
(% of control) 97.1 88.7 58.1 58.4 >1000 cpe -ve +/- 2+ 3+
TABLE 1(continued)
Concentration (μg/i τιL) Therapeutic
100 10 1 0.1 Index
Compound 12
Inhibition of RT activity
(% of control) 99.3 99.4 0 >100 cpe -ve -ve 4+
Compound 23
RT activity
(% of control) 98.8 85.8 12 >50 cpe +/- 2+ 3+
Compound 27
Inhibition of RT activity
% of control 99.7 99.2 89.3 60.1 >1500 cpe -ve -ve 1+ 4+
Compound 34
Inhibition of RT activity
(% of control) 98.6 81.4 26.2 >75 cpe -ve +/- 1+
Compound 40
Inhibition of RT activity
(% of control) 99.3 10.3 >50 cpe -ve 4+
Compound 69
Inhibition of RT activity
(% of control) 93.2 98.5 93.7 >50 cpe -ve -ve +/- TABLE 1 (continued)
Concentration (μg/mL) Therapeutic 100 10 1 0.1 Index
Compound 70
Inhibition of RT activity
% of control
cpe +/- 2+ 2+ >50
Compound 122
Inhibition of RT activity
(% of control) 98.6 84 >500 cpe -ve 1+
TABLE 1A
Concentration (μg/mL) Therapeutic
50 5 0.5 0.05 Index
Compound 2
Inhibition of RT activity
(% of control) 96.1 75.7 0 >40 cpe -ve 1+ 3+
Compound 14
Inhibition of RT activity
(% of control) 99.7 99.3 93.6 31.7 >200 cpe -ve -ve 1+ 4+
Compound 16
Inhibition of RT activity
(% of control)
cpe 2+ 4+ 4+ >20
Compound 18
Inhibition of RT activity
(% of control)
cpe 2+ 4+ >20
Compound 19
RT activity
(% of control) 99.6 91.4 12 >20 cpe -ve -ve 3+
Compound 21
RT activity
(% of control) 19.4 7.7 >20 cpe 3+ 4+
Compound 31
Inhibition of RT activity
(% of control) 97 79 8 >20 cpe -ve +/- 4+ Concentration (μg/mL) Therapeutic
50 5 0.5 0.05 Index
Compound 22
Inhibition of RT activity
(% of control) 94.6 40 0 >20 cpe -ve 2+ 4+
Compound 25
Inhibition of RT activity
(% of control) 33.6 0 0 >20 cpe 2+ 4+ 4+
Compound 30
Inhibition of RT activity
(% of control) 95.1 60.3 15.4 >100 cpe +/- 2+ 4+
Compound 33
Inhibition of RT activity
(% of control)
cpe 3+ 4+ >5
Compound 35
Inhibition of RT activity
(% of control) 97 85 0 >100 cpe -ve 1+ 3+
Compound 127
Inhibition of RT activity
(% of control) 97.5 97.3 76.2 >100 cpe -ve -ve +/- TABLE 1A (continued)
Concentration (μg/mL) Therapeutic 0.5 0.05 0.005 Index
Compound 7
Inhibition of RT activity
(% of control) 91.3 18.4 22.5 >20 cpe +/- 3+ 4+
Compound 8
Inhibition of RT activity
(% of control) 98.0 93.3 0 20 >100 cpe -ve +/- 3+ 4+
Compound 10
Inhibition of RT activity
(% of control) 97.1 93.5 23 7.8 >100 cpe -ve +/- 3+ 4+
Compound 121
Inhibition of RT activity
(% of control) 92.9 63.8 0 >50 cpe +/- 1+ 2+
Compound 123
Inhibition of RT activity
(% of control) 74 15.1 23.4 >50 cpe 1+ 3+ 4+
Compound 124
Inhibition of RT activity
(% of control)
cpe +/- 2+ 4+ >20
Compound 128
Inhibition of RT activity
(% of control) 84 77 30 >100 cpe -ve +/- 2+ TABLE 1 A (continued)
Concentration (μg/mL) Therapeutic 0.5 0,05 0.005 Index
Compound 29
Inhibition of RT activity
(% of control)
cpe 2+ 4+ 4+ 4+ >20
Compound 37
Inhibition of RT activity
(% of control)
cpe +/- 3+ 4+ 4+ >20
TABLE 1 B
Concentration (μg/mL) Therapeutic 25 2.5 0.25 0.025 Index
Compound 13
Inhibition of RT activity
(% of control)
cpe +/- 2+ 3+ >20
Compound 17
Inhibition of RT activity
(% of control) >20 cpe +/- 3+ 4+
Compound 24
Inhibition of RT activity
(% of control) 83 0 0 >20 cpe +/- 3+ 4+
Compound 26
Inhibition of RT activity
(% of control) >20 cpe +/- 2+
Compound 36
Inhibition of RT activity
(% of control) 99.8 70.4 27 0
cpe -ve +/- 3+ 4+
EXAMPLE 3
The following formulation A may be prepared by wet granulation of the ingredients with a solution of povidone, followed by addition of magnesium stearate and compression.
mg/tablet
Formulation A
(a) Active ingredient 250 250
(b) Lactose B.P. 210 26
(c) Povidone B.P. 15 9
(d) Sodium starch glycollate 20 12
(e) Magnesium stearate 5
500 300 The following formulation B, may be prepared by direct compression of the admixed ingredients.
Formulation B mg/capsule
Active ingredient 250
Pregelatinised starch NF15 150
400
Formulation C (Controlled release formulation)
This formulation may be prepared by wet granulation of the ingredients (below) with a solution of povidone followed by the addition of magnesium stearate and compression.
mg/tablet
(a) Active ingredient 500
(b) Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose 112
(methocel K4M Premium)
(c) Lactose B.P. 53
(d) Povidone B.P.C. 28
(e) Magnesium stearate 7
700 EXAMPLE 4: Capsule Formulations
Formulation A
A capsule formulation may be prepared by admixing the ingredients of Formulation
B in Example 3 above and filling into a two-part hard gelatin capsule.
Formulation B (infra) may be prepared in a similar manner.
Formulation B
mg/capsule
(a) Active ingredient 250
(b) Lactose B.P. 143
(c) Sodium starch glycollate 25
(d) Magnesium stearate 2
420 Formulation C (Controlled release capsule)
The following controlled release capsule formulation may be prepared by extruding ingredients (a), (b) and (c) using an extruder, followed by spheronisation of the extrudate and drying. The dried pellets may then be coated with
release-controlling membrane (d) and filled into a two-piece, hard gelatin capsule. mg/capsule
(a) Active ingredient 250
(b) Microcrystalline cellulose 125
(c) Lactose B.P. 125
(d) Ethyl cellulose 13
513 EXAMPLE 5: Injectable Formulation
Formulation:
Active ingredient 0.200 g
Hydrochloric acid solution, 0.1M qs to pH 5.0-7.0
Sodium hydroxide solution, 0.1M qs to pH 5.0-7.0
Sterile water qs to 10 ml
The active ingredient may be dissolved in most of the water (35°-40°C) and the pH adjusted to between 5.0 and 7.0 with the hydrochloric acid or the sodium hydroxide as appropriate. The batch may then be made up to volume with the water and filtered through a sterile micropore filter into a sterile 10 ml amber glass vial (type 1) and sealed with sterile closures and overseals.

Claims

CLAIMS.
1. A method for the treatment or prophylaxis of a retrovirus-associated infection characterised in that it involves the use of a heteropolytungstate compound of the general formulae I:
Am [CpTiPW11O39]. nH2O I(a)
Am [CpTιP2W17 O61]. nH2O I(b)
Am [M4(H2O)2(PW9O34)2]. nH2O I(c)
Am [M4(H2O)2(P2W15O56)2]. nH2O I(d)
Am [M9P5W27O119H17]. nH2O I(e)
Formula I; wherein:
M is Co, Fe, Zn, FeOA, FeO12 ;
Cp represents an optionally substituted cyclopentadienyl residue;
A is a monovalent or divalent cation or mixture of such cations;
m is the number of cations necessary for electrical neutrality of the molecule;
or a pharmaceutically acceptable derivative thereof.
2. A method as claimed in Claim 1, characterised in that the cation A is sodium, potassium, lithium, ammonium, alkylammonium, a cationic alkali metal crown ether complex, magnesium, or calcium.
3. A method as claimed in Claim 1, characterised in that the compound of formula I is one of the compounds listed below:
1. K4 [CpTiPW11O39] .nH2O
2. (N(n-C4H9)4)4 [CpTiPW11O39] .nH2O
3. Na4 [CpTiPW11O39] .nH2O
4. Li4 [CpTiPW11O39]. nH2O
5. (NH4)4 [CpTiPW11O39] .nH2O
6. K7 [CpTiP2W17O61] .nH2O
7. Li7 [CpTiP2W17O61] .nH2O
8. Na, [CpTiP2W17O61] .nH2O
9. (NHMe3)7 [CpTiP2W17O61] .nH2O
10. (NH4)7 [CpTiP2W17O61] .nH2O
11. K10 [Co4(H2O)2 (PW9O34)2] .22H2O
12. Li10 [Co4(H2O)2 (PW9O34)2] .nH2O
13. Na10 [Co4(H2O)2 (PW9O34)2] .nH2O
14. (NH4)10 [Co4(H2O)2 (PW9O34)2] .nH2O
15. [NH(CH3)3]10 [Co4(H2O)2 (PW9O34)2] .nH2O
16. [NH(C2H5)3]10 [Co4(H2O)2 (PW9O34)2] .nH2O
17. [NH3(C2H5)]10 [Co4(H2O)2 (PW9O34)2] .nH2O
18. Rb10 [Co4(H2O)2 (PW9O34)2] .nH2O
19. Cs10 [Co4(H2O)2 (PW9O34)2] .nH2O
20. (18-C6K)10 [Co4(H2O)2 (PW9O34)2] .nH2O
21. Ca5 [Co4(H2O)2 (PW9O34)2] .nH2O
22. K10 [Zn4(H2O)2 (PW9O34)2] .22H2O
23. Li10 [Zn4(H2O)2 (PW9O34)2] .nH2O
24. Rb10 [Zn4(H2O)2 (PW9O34)2] .nH2O
25. Cs10 [Zn4(H2O)2 (PW9O34)2] .nH2O
26. Na10 [Zn4(H2O)2 (PW9O34)2] .nH2O
27. (NH4)10 [Zn4(H2O)2 (PW9O34)2] .nH2O
28. [NH(C2HS)3]10 [Zn4(H2O)2 (PW9O34)2] .nH2O
29. [NH3(C2H5)]10 [Zn4(H2O)2 (PW9O34)2] .nH2O
30. (18-C6K)10 [Zn4(H2O)2 (PW9O34)2] .nH2O
31. Ca5[Zn4(H2O)2 (PW9O34)2] .nH2O
32. Mg5[Zn4(H2O)2 (PW9O34)2] .nH2O
33. [NH(CH3)3]10 [Zn4(H2O)2 (PW9O34)2] .nH2O 34. K10 [Fe4(H2O)2 (PW9O34)2] .nH2O
35. Li10 [Fe4(H2O)2 (PW9O34)2] .nH2O
36. Na10 [Fe4(H2O)2 (PW9O34)2] .nH2O
37. (NH4)10 [Fe4(H2O)2 (PW9O34)2] .nH2O 37A. [NH(CH3)3]10[Fe4(H2O)2 (PW9O34)2]. nH2O 38. (18-C6K)10 [Fe4(H2O)2 (PW9O34)2] .nH2O
39. K16[Co4(H2O)2 (P2W15O56)2] .nH2O
40. (NH4)16 [Co4(H2O)2 (P2W15O56)2] .nH2O
41. Na16 [Co4(H2O)2 (P2W15O56)2] .nH2O
42. Li16 [Co4(H2O)2 (P2W15O56)2] .nH2O 43. (NHMe3)16 [Co4(H2O)2 (P2W15O56)2] .nH2O
44. Mg8 [Co4(H2O)2 (P2W15O56)2] .nH2O
45. K16 [Zn4(H2O)2 (P2W15O56)2] .nH2O
46. (NH4)16 [Zn4(H2O)2 (P2W15O56)2] .nH2O
47. Na16 [Zn4(H2O)2 (P2W15O56)2] .nH2O 48. Li16 [Zn4(H2O)2 (P2W15O56)2] .nH2O
49. (NHMe3)16 [Zn4(H2O)2 (P2W15O56)2] .nH2O
50. Mg8 [Zn4(H2O)2 (P2W15O56)2] .nH2O
68. Mg8 [Mn4(H2O)2 (P2W15O56)2] .nH2O
69. (NH4)16 [Co9 P5W27O119)2 H17].nH2O
70. K16 [Co9 P5W27 O119 H17].nH2O
71. Li16 [Co9 P5W27 O119 H17].nH2O
72. Na16 [Co9 P5W27 O119 H17].nH2O
73. Ca8 [Co9 P5W27 O119 H17].nH2O
121. K10 [(FeOK)4(PW9O34)2].nH2O
122. Na10 [(FeONa)4(PW9O34)2].nH2O
123. Li10 [(FeOLi)4(PW9O34)2].nH2O
124. (NHMe3)10 [(FeO(NHMe3))4(PW9O34)2].nH2O
125. Na16 [Fe4(H2O)2(P2W15O56)2].nH2O
126. Li16 [Fe4(H2O)2(P2W15O56)2].nH2O
127. (NH4)10[(FeONH4)4(PW9O34)2].nH2O
128. K10[(FeO1/2)4((PW9O34)2].nH2O
or a pharmaceutically acceptable derivative thereof.
4. A method as claimed in any one of Claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the compound of formula I has a therapeutic index (as hereinbefore defined) of 50 or greater.
5. The use in the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment or prophylaxis of a retrovirus-associated infection of a compound of formula I, as defined in any one of Claims 1 to 4.
6. A method for the treatment or prophylaxis of a retrovirus associated infection, characterised in that it comprises administering to a patient in need of such treatment or prophylaxis an effective amount of a compound of the general formula I, as defined in any one of Claims 1 to 4.
7. A pharmaceutical composition for the treatment or prophylaxis of a retrovirus associated infection, characterised in that it comprises a compound of the general formula I, as defined in any one of Claims 1 to 4, in association with a
pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or diluent.
8. A compound of formula I as defined in any one of Claims 1 to 4, excluding those numbered 1, 2, 6, 9, 11, 13, 22, 23, 26, 41, 47, 48 and 70.
PCT/AU1991/000280 1990-06-29 1991-06-28 Antiviral agents containing heteropolytungstate WO1992000078A1 (en)

Priority Applications (7)

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HU9204137A HUT63332A (en) 1990-06-29 1991-06-28 Anti-viral materials containing hetero-poly-tungstate
JP3510909A JPH06501451A (en) 1990-06-29 1991-06-28 Antiviral agents containing heteropolytungstates
CS923962A CZ396292A3 (en) 1990-06-29 1991-06-28 Pharmaceutical preparation for treating and prophylaxis of infection
BR919106596A BR9106596A (en) 1990-06-29 1991-06-28 PROCESS FOR THE TREATMENT OR PROPHYLAXIS OF AN INFECTION ASSOCIATED WITH RETROVIRUS, USE, PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITION FOR THE TREATMENT OR PROPHYLAXIS OF AN INFECTION ASSOCIATED WITH RETROVIRUS, AND, COMPOUND
AU80064/91A AU647800B2 (en) 1990-06-29 1991-06-28 Antiviral agents containing heteropolytungstate
NO92924966A NO924966L (en) 1990-06-29 1992-12-22 ANTIVIRAL AGENTS CONTAINING HETEROPOLYWOL FRAME
FI925908A FI925908A (en) 1990-06-29 1992-12-28 ANTIVIRALA MEDEL INNEHAOLLANDE HETEROPOLYVOLFRAMAT

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AUPK0917 1990-06-29
AUPK091790 1990-06-29

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JP (1) JPH06501451A (en)
AU (1) AU647800B2 (en)
BR (1) BR9106596A (en)
CA (1) CA2086263A1 (en)
CZ (1) CZ396292A3 (en)
FI (1) FI925908A (en)
HU (1) HUT63332A (en)
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WO1999004803A1 (en) * 1997-07-24 1999-02-04 Biomolecular Research Institute Limited Heteropolytungstate angiogenesis inhibitors
WO1999021569A1 (en) * 1997-10-24 1999-05-06 Starpharma Limited Polyoxometallate antifiloviral composition

Families Citing this family (1)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB9828020D0 (en) * 1998-12-18 1999-02-10 Bp Chem Int Ltd Synthesis of heteropolyacids

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AU5141090A (en) * 1989-03-17 1990-09-20 Johnson Matthey Public Limited Company Keggin ion compounds in HIV treatment
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AU5141090A (en) * 1989-03-17 1990-09-20 Johnson Matthey Public Limited Company Keggin ion compounds in HIV treatment
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1999004803A1 (en) * 1997-07-24 1999-02-04 Biomolecular Research Institute Limited Heteropolytungstate angiogenesis inhibitors
WO1999021569A1 (en) * 1997-10-24 1999-05-06 Starpharma Limited Polyoxometallate antifiloviral composition

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CZ396292A3 (en) 1994-01-19
NO924966L (en) 1993-02-17
AU647800B2 (en) 1994-03-31
CA2086263A1 (en) 1991-12-30
NO924966D0 (en) 1992-12-22
HUT63332A (en) 1993-08-30
FI925908A0 (en) 1992-12-28
JPH06501451A (en) 1994-02-17
BR9106596A (en) 1993-06-01
EP0536224A1 (en) 1993-04-14
HU9204137D0 (en) 1993-03-29
FI925908A (en) 1992-12-28
AU8006491A (en) 1992-01-23

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