WO1991013486A1 - Synchronous motor for use on a direct current network - Google Patents

Synchronous motor for use on a direct current network Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1991013486A1
WO1991013486A1 PCT/DE1991/000124 DE9100124W WO9113486A1 WO 1991013486 A1 WO1991013486 A1 WO 1991013486A1 DE 9100124 W DE9100124 W DE 9100124W WO 9113486 A1 WO9113486 A1 WO 9113486A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
commutator
rotor
motor according
housing tube
pole
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/DE1991/000124
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Jürgen Hess
Gerd Lentz
Corneliu Lungu
Christoph Heier
Original Assignee
Robert Bosch Gmbh
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Robert Bosch Gmbh filed Critical Robert Bosch Gmbh
Publication of WO1991013486A1 publication Critical patent/WO1991013486A1/en

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K49/00—Dynamo-electric clutches; Dynamo-electric brakes
    • H02K49/10—Dynamo-electric clutches; Dynamo-electric brakes of the permanent-magnet type
    • H02K49/104—Magnetic couplings consisting of only two coaxial rotary elements, i.e. the driving element and the driven element
    • H02K49/106—Magnetic couplings consisting of only two coaxial rotary elements, i.e. the driving element and the driven element with a radial air gap
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K23/00—DC commutator motors or generators having mechanical commutator; Universal AC/DC commutator motors
    • H02K23/62—Motors or generators with stationary armatures and rotating excitation field
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K7/10—Structural association with clutches, brakes, gears, pulleys or mechanical starters
    • H02K7/11—Structural association with clutches, brakes, gears, pulleys or mechanical starters with dynamo-electric clutches
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K5/00—Casings; Enclosures; Supports
    • H02K5/04—Casings or enclosures characterised by the shape, form or construction thereof
    • H02K5/12—Casings or enclosures characterised by the shape, form or construction thereof specially adapted for operating in liquid or gas
    • H02K5/128—Casings or enclosures characterised by the shape, form or construction thereof specially adapted for operating in liquid or gas using air-gap sleeves or air-gap discs

Definitions

  • the invention is based on a synchronous motor for operation on a DC voltage network of the type defined in the preamble of claim 1.
  • the required commutation of the individual winding phases of the armature winding is carried out electronically in accordance with the rotational position of the rotor.
  • the commutation device has a number of power transistors, one of which is connected in series with a winding phase of the armature winding.
  • the power transistors are controlled by commutation logic, which is implemented by voltage comparators, by logic gates and by a ring counter, the parallel counting outputs of which are connected to the bases of the transistors.
  • the voltages induced as a result of blocked transistors in cyclically successive winding phases are compared with one another and an output signal is output in each case when the induced in the cyclically following winding phase
  • Monoflop occurs when the winding phase following the winding phase with the higher induced voltage has current flowing through it by opening the associated transistor.
  • the output of the ring counter connected to the base of this transistor leads to H potential for this purpose.
  • the ring counter is counted further with the positive edge of the output pulse of the monoflop, so that H potential is now at the next counter output and the currently open transistor is blocked and the cyclically following transistor is opened.
  • the synchronous motor according to the invention for operation on a DC voltage network with the characterizing features of claim 1 has the advantage that the mechanical commutation of the armature winding according to the invention is simple and inexpensive and also compact due to the elimination of the electronic components. In comparison to the known EC motor described, the mechanically commutated synchronous motor according to the invention is far less sensitive to high temperatures.
  • the commutator is arranged in a rotationally fixed manner on a commutator shaft which is separate from the rotor shaft and is in alignment therewith, and the coupling between the rotor of the synchronous motor and the
  • Commutator made by means of a magnetic coupling.
  • a separation of the rotor and commutator is particularly advantageous if the synchronous motor as a wet rotor motor, e.g. to drive water pumps in motor vehicles, ° is to be used.
  • the electrical part of the commutator can be separated from the liquid-flushed rotor in a simple manner.
  • the design according to the invention has the advantage that the magnetic coupling can be manufactured more easily in terms of weight, since it only has to transmit the low commutation torque. This makes the magnetic coupling cheaper and less sensitive to start-up inhibitors.
  • the magnetic coupling consists of a magnet arrangement of permanent magnets fixed on the commutator shaft and two magnetically diametrically opposed, magnetically overlapping magnet pieces on the magnet arrangement, which are each fastened to diametrically opposed poles of the rotor.
  • the magnetic coupling can be manufactured in a volume-saving and inexpensive manner.
  • the magnet arrangement on the commutator side consists of two parallel pole plates which extend in the radial direction and two permanent magnets held in between, the magnetization direction of which extends transversely to the pole plates and the axis of the commutator shaft.
  • This configuration of the magnet arrangement means that the magnetic coupling has a low moment of inertia on the output side and has a high degree of rigidity in the preferred direction of rotation.
  • Fig. 1 shows a longitudinal section of a synchronous motor for operation on a DC voltage network
  • FIG. 2 shows a section along the line II-II in FIG. 1.
  • the synchronous motor shown in longitudinal section in FIG. 1 for operation on a DC voltage network identified by "+” and "-” has a stator 10 and a rotor 11 arranged coaxially therein.
  • the stator 10 consists of a laminated core 12 with axial grooves 13 provided therein, onto which a housing tube 14 which is open on the end face is formed by injection molding with plastic. With the manufacture of the housing tube 14, a bearing housing 15 becomes one at the same time
  • Bearing 16 of the rotor 11 is integrally formed, which is held in one piece by bearing webs 17 projecting radially from the inner wall of the housing tube 14. With encapsulation of the laminated core 12, the grooves 13 of the laminated core 12 are at the same time
  • REPLACEMENT LEAF Rotor 11 facing surface closed with a groove insulation 18.
  • An armature winding 19 is inserted in the slots 13, which is designed here as a three-phase winding using known winding technology. After the winding, a laminated yoke 20 is placed on the outside of the laminated core 12, whereby the magnetic circuit of the stator 10 is closed. The winding ends of the three winding phases of the armature winding 19 are combined on the one hand to form a star point and on the other hand led out for the connection of pantographs to be described.
  • the two-pole rotor 11 has two permanent magnet segments 21, 22, which are clamped in a rotationally fixed manner on a soft magnetic cylinder 24 by means of a brass sleeve 23, which in turn is connected in a rotationally fixed manner to a rotor shaft 25.
  • the rotor 11 is designed in such a way that the cylinder 24 and the permanent magnet segments 21, 22 fastened thereon protrude beyond the laminated core 12 at one end of the rotor 11.
  • In this projecting area there is a pole segment 26, 27 on each of the permagnetic magnet segments 21, 22, which extends in the axial direction with a tooth-like pole extension 28 or 29.
  • the two pole segments 26, 27 are also clamped onto the permanent magnet segments 21, 22 by the brass sleeve 23 and are thus held in a rotationally fixed manner.
  • a second bearing 59 is formed on a cup-shaped bearing plate 30 made of plastic, which is inserted from the open end face of the housing tube 14 and rests on the front side of the housing tube 14 with a radially projecting collar 31 arranged on the top edge of the pot.
  • the collar 3-1 is sealed against the inner wall of the housing tube 14 by means of a sealing ring 32.
  • the cylindrical section 301 of the cup-shaped end shield 30 lies directly below the diametrically arranged pole extensions 28, 29, so that
  • the bearing housing 33 of the second bearing 59 is integrally formed on the pot bottom 302 and projects into a coaxial cylindrical recess 34 in the soft magnetic cylinder 24 of the rotor 11.
  • the rotor shaft 25 is rotatably held in the two bearing housings 15, 33 by means of roller or slide bearings 35, 36.
  • a housing cap 37 made of plastic is placed on the end face thereof and carries a bearing point 38 for a commutator shaft 40 arranged coaxially to the rotor shaft 11.
  • the second bearing point 39 for the commutator 40 is formed by a 'recess 41 in the pot bottom of the bearing plate 302 30th.
  • Commutator shaft 40 is rotatably held at the ends by means of roller or slide bearings 42, 43 in the two bearing points 38, 39.
  • a commutator 44 which is composed of two mutually electrically insulated lamellae 45, 46 made of electrically conductive material, sits on the commutator shaft 40.
  • Each lamella 45, 46 is electrically conductively connected to a slip ring 47 or 48, which are rigidly attached to the commutator shaft 44.
  • the slip ring 47 is electrically insulated on the commutator shaft 40 and the slip ring 48 is formed by the commutator shaft 40 itself.
  • each slip ring 47, 48 there is a slip ring brush 49 or 50, which is received in a brush holder 51 or 52 and is pressed by a brush pressure spring 53 or 54 against the slip ring 49 or 50. Both brush holders 51, 52 are fastened in the housing cap 37. According to the number of phases of the armature winding 19 there are three on the outer jacket of the commutator 44
  • REPLACEMENT LEAF Commutator brushes which are arranged with a rotation offset of 120 ° to each other.
  • Each commutator brush is electrically conductively connected to a winding phase of the armature winding 19, guided axially displaceably in a brush holder and pressed onto the commutator 44 by a brush pressure spring.
  • a brush pressure spring Of the total of three brush holders 56, only one brush holder 56 with commutator brush 55 and brush pressure spring 57 can be seen in FIG. 1.
  • the commutator 44 is coupled to the rotor 11 by means of a magnetic coupling 60, so that it rotates synchronously with the latter.
  • the output-side coupling part of the magnetic coupling 60 is formed by the two pole extensions 28, 29 in connection with the permanent magnet segments 21, 22 of the rotor 11.
  • the other coupling part consists of a magnet arrangement 61 which is seated on the commutator shaft 40 in a manner fixed against relative rotation.
  • This magnet arrangement 61 consists of two parallel pole plates 62, 63 made of soft magnetic material, which extend in the axial direction of the commutator shaft 40 and radially thereto, between which two permanent magnets 64, 65 are held.
  • the two permanent magnets 64, 65 are arranged such that their direction of magnetization runs transversely to the pole plates 62, 63 and in each case in the same direction.
  • the number of lamellae of the commutator 44 then corresponds to the number of poles 2p of the rotor 11.
  • the number of commutator brushes required corresponds to the number m of the winding phases of the armature winding and the spatial angular displacement of the commutator brushes on the circumference of the commutator 44 corresponds to a full angle of 360 divided by m °.
  • the three-phase armature winding 19 can also be designed as a delta connection. In this case, the connection points of two winding phases are connected to the commutator brushes.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Dc Machiner (AREA)

Abstract

A resonably priced, 2 parallel pole synchronous motor, suitable for high temperatures, for use on a direct current network, has a mechanical commutation device. This device consists of a commutator (44) located coaxially to the rotor (11) and having a number of current collectors (55) contacting the commutator (44) which corresponds to the number of phases of the motor's armature coil (10). These current collectors are fixed in a staggered arrangement at the same rotation angle at the periphery of the commutator and are connected to the armature coil (19). The device also comprises a magnetic coupling (60) which links the commutator (44) to the rotor (11) to provide synchronous rotation. The commutator (44) consists of 2 parallel plates (45, 46) insulated electrically from each another and held at the network d.c. voltage by separate slip rings (47, 48) and slip ring bushes (49, 50).

Description

Synchronmotor zum Betreiben an einem Gleichspannungsnetz Synchronous motor for operation on a DC network
Stand der TechnikState of the art
Die Erfindung geht aus von einem Synchronmotor zum Betreiben an einem Gleichspannungsnetz der im Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 definierten Gattung.The invention is based on a synchronous motor for operation on a DC voltage network of the type defined in the preamble of claim 1.
Bei einem bekannten Synchronmotor dieser Art (DE 30 42 819 AI) wird die erforderliche Kommutierung der einzelnen Wicklungsphasen der Ankerwicklung in Übereinstimmung mit der Drehstellung des Rotors elektronisch vorgenommen. Hierzu weist die Kommutierungsvorrichtung eine Anzahl von Leistungstransistoren auf, von denen jeweils eine in Reihe mit einer Wicklungsphase der Ankerwicklung geschaltet ist. Die Leistungstransistoren werden von einer Kommutierungslogik gesteuert, die durch Spannungskomparatoren, durch logische Verknüpfungsglieder und durch einen Ringzähler realisiert ist, dessen parallele Zählausgänge mit den Basen der Transistoren verbunden sind.In a known synchronous motor of this type (DE 30 42 819 AI), the required commutation of the individual winding phases of the armature winding is carried out electronically in accordance with the rotational position of the rotor. For this purpose, the commutation device has a number of power transistors, one of which is connected in series with a winding phase of the armature winding. The power transistors are controlled by commutation logic, which is implemented by voltage comparators, by logic gates and by a ring counter, the parallel counting outputs of which are connected to the bases of the transistors.
ERSATZBLATT T/DE91/00124 HE BLADE T / DE91 / 00124
In den Spannungskomparatoren werden jeweils die infolge gesperrter Transistoren in zyklisch aufeinanderfolgenden Wicklungsphasen induzierten Spannungen miteinander verglichen und jeweils ein Ausgangssignal ausgegeben, wenn die in der zyklisch folgenden Wicklungsphase induzierteIn the voltage comparators, the voltages induced as a result of blocked transistors in cyclically successive winding phases are compared with one another and an output signal is output in each case when the induced in the cyclically following winding phase
Spannung größer ist als die in der zyklisch vorhergehenden Wicklungsphase induzierte Spannung. Diese Ausgangssignale der Spannungskomparatoren sind mit den Zählerausgangssignalen des Ringzählers logisch "UND"- verknüpft, und zwar derart, daß ein Schaltsignal an einVoltage is greater than the voltage induced in the cyclically preceding winding phase. These output signals of the voltage comparators are logically "AND" - linked with the counter output signals of the ring counter, in such a way that a switching signal to an
Monoflop dann gelangt, wenn die der Wicklungsphase mit der höheren induzierten Spannung zyklisch folgende Wicklungsphase durch öffnen des zugeordneten Transistors stromdurchflossen ist. Der mit der Basis dieses Transistors verbundene Ausgang des Ringzählers führt hierzu H-Potential. Mit der positiven Flanke des Ausgangsimpulses des Monoflops wird der Ringzähler weitergezählt, so daß nunmehr H-Potential an dem nächsten Zählerausgang liegt und der momentan geöffnete Transistor gesperrt und der zyklisch folgende Transistor geöffnet wird.Monoflop occurs when the winding phase following the winding phase with the higher induced voltage has current flowing through it by opening the associated transistor. The output of the ring counter connected to the base of this transistor leads to H potential for this purpose. The ring counter is counted further with the positive edge of the output pulse of the monoflop, so that H potential is now at the next counter output and the currently open transistor is blocked and the cyclically following transistor is opened.
Vorteile der ErfindungAdvantages of the invention
Der erfindungsgemäße Synchronmotor zum Betreiben an einem Gleichspannungsnetz mit den kennzeichnenden Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1 hat demgegenüber den Vorteil, daß die erfindungsgemäße mechanische Kommutierung der Ankerwicklung einfach und preiswert und durch Wegfall der elektronischen Bauteile auch kompakt ist. Im Vergleich zu dem beschriebenen bekannten EC-Motor ist der erfindungsgemäße mechanisch kommutierte Synchronmotor weit unempfindlicher gegenüber hohen Temperaturen.The synchronous motor according to the invention for operation on a DC voltage network with the characterizing features of claim 1 has the advantage that the mechanical commutation of the armature winding according to the invention is simple and inexpensive and also compact due to the elimination of the electronic components. In comparison to the known EC motor described, the mechanically commutated synchronous motor according to the invention is far less sensitive to high temperatures.
Durch die in den weiteren Ansprüchen aufgeführten Maßnahmen sind vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen und Verbesserungen des imThe measures listed in the further claims are advantageous developments and improvements in
ERSATZBLATT Anspruch 1 angegebenen Synchronmotors möglich.ER SA TZBLATT Claim 1 specified synchronous motor possible.
In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung ist der Kommutator drehfest auf einer von der Rotorwelle getrennten, mit dieser fluchtenden Kommutatorwelle angeordnet und die - Kopplung zwischen Rotor des Synchronmotors und demIn a preferred embodiment of the invention, the commutator is arranged in a rotationally fixed manner on a commutator shaft which is separate from the rotor shaft and is in alignment therewith, and the coupling between the rotor of the synchronous motor and the
Kommutator mittels einer Magnetkupplung hergestellt. Eine solche Trennung von Rotor und Kommutator ist besonders vorteilhaft wenn der Synchronmotor als Naßläufermotor, z.B. zum Antrieb von Wasserpumpen in Kraftfahrzeugen, verwendet ° werden soll. Dann läßt sich in einfacher Weise der elektrische Teil des Kommutators von dem flüssigkeitsumspülten Rotor trennen. Gegenüber Kupplungen zwischen Pumpenrad und Rotor bei herkömmlichen Wasserpumpen hat die erfindungsgemäße konstruktive Gestaltung den 5 Vorteil, daß die Magnetkupplung gewichtsmäßig leichter hergestellt werden kann, da sie lediglich das geringe Kommutierungsmoment übertragen muß. Damit ist die Magnetkupplung preiswerter und unempfindlicher gegenüber Anlaufhemmnissen.Commutator made by means of a magnetic coupling. Such a separation of the rotor and commutator is particularly advantageous if the synchronous motor as a wet rotor motor, e.g. to drive water pumps in motor vehicles, ° is to be used. Then the electrical part of the commutator can be separated from the liquid-flushed rotor in a simple manner. Compared to clutches between the pump wheel and rotor in conventional water pumps, the design according to the invention has the advantage that the magnetic coupling can be manufactured more easily in terms of weight, since it only has to transmit the low commutation torque. This makes the magnetic coupling cheaper and less sensitive to start-up inhibitors.
Gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung besteht die Magnetkupplung aus einer drehfest auf der Kommutatorwelle sitzenden Magnetanordnung aus Dauermagneten und zwei an der Magnetanordnung einander diametral gegenüberliegenden, die Magnetanordnung axial übergreifenden weichmagnetischen Polstücken, die jeweils an zueinander diametral liegenden Polen des Rotors befestigt sind. Durch diese konstruktive Gestaltung der Magnetkupplung wird ein winkelgenauer Mitlauf des Kommutators mit dem Rotor sichergestellt, wobei auch unter den schwierigsten Startbedinungen der Synchronismus zwischen Rotor undAccording to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the magnetic coupling consists of a magnet arrangement of permanent magnets fixed on the commutator shaft and two magnetically diametrically opposed, magnetically overlapping magnet pieces on the magnet arrangement, which are each fastened to diametrically opposed poles of the rotor. This constructive design of the magnetic coupling ensures that the commutator runs with the rotor at an angle, with synchronism between the rotor and the rotor even under the most difficult starting conditions
Kommutator nicht verlorengeht. Durch Einbeziehung eines Teils der Rotormagnete in den Magnetkreis der -Magnetkupplung ist die Magnetkupplung volumensparend und fertigungstechnisch preiswert herzustellen.Commutator is not lost. By including some of the rotor magnets in the magnetic circuit of the magnetic coupling, the magnetic coupling can be manufactured in a volume-saving and inexpensive manner.
ERSATZBLATT Gemäß einer weiteren Ausführungsform der Erfindung besteht die kommutatorseitige Magnetanordnung aus zwei parallelen, in Radialrichtung sich erstreckenden Polblechen und zwei dazwischen gehaltenen Dauermagneten, deren Magnetisierungsrichtung quer zu den Polblechen und der Achse der Kommutatorwelle verläuft. Durch diese Ausbildung der Magnetanordnung weist die Magnetkupplung abtriebsseitig ein geringes Trägheitsmoment auf und besitzt in der Vorzugsdrehrichtung eine hohe Steifigkeit.E R S A TZBLATT According to a further embodiment of the invention, the magnet arrangement on the commutator side consists of two parallel pole plates which extend in the radial direction and two permanent magnets held in between, the magnetization direction of which extends transversely to the pole plates and the axis of the commutator shaft. This configuration of the magnet arrangement means that the magnetic coupling has a low moment of inertia on the output side and has a high degree of rigidity in the preferred direction of rotation.
Zeichnungdrawing
Die Erfindung ist anhand eines in der Zeichnung dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiels in der nachfolgenden Beschreibung näher erläutert. Es zeigen:The invention is explained in more detail in the following description with reference to an embodiment shown in the drawing. Show it:
Fig . 1 einen Längsschnitt eines Synchronmotors zum Betreiben an einem Gleichspannungsnetz,Fig. 1 shows a longitudinal section of a synchronous motor for operation on a DC voltage network,
Fig. 2 einen Schnitt längs der Linie II-II in Fig. 1.FIG. 2 shows a section along the line II-II in FIG. 1.
Beschreibung des AusführungsbeispielsDescription of the embodiment
Der in Fig. 1 im Längsschnitt dargestellte Synchronmotor zum Betreiben an einem mit "+" und "-" gekennzeichnetem Gleichspannungsnetz weist einen Stator 10 und einen darin koaxial angeordneten Rotor 11 auf. Der Stator 10 besteht aus einem Blechpaket 12 mit darin vorgesehenen axialen Nuten 13, an dem durch Umspritzung mit Kunststoff ein stirnseitig offenes Gehäuserohr 14 angeformt ist. Mit Herstellung des Gehäuserohrs 14 wird zugleich ein Lagergehäuse 15 einerThe synchronous motor shown in longitudinal section in FIG. 1 for operation on a DC voltage network identified by "+" and "-" has a stator 10 and a rotor 11 arranged coaxially therein. The stator 10 consists of a laminated core 12 with axial grooves 13 provided therein, onto which a housing tube 14 which is open on the end face is formed by injection molding with plastic. With the manufacture of the housing tube 14, a bearing housing 15 becomes one at the same time
Lagerstelle 16 des Rotors 11 angeformt, das von radial von der Innenwand des Gehäuserohrs 14 wegstehenden Lagerstege 17 einstückig gehalten wird. Mit Umspritzung des Blechpakets 12 sind gleichzeitig die Nuten 13 des Blechpakets 12 an der demBearing 16 of the rotor 11 is integrally formed, which is held in one piece by bearing webs 17 projecting radially from the inner wall of the housing tube 14. With encapsulation of the laminated core 12, the grooves 13 of the laminated core 12 are at the same time
ERSATZBLATT Rotor 11 zugekehrten Oberfläche mit einer Nutisolation 18 verschlossen. In den Nuten 13 ist eine Ankerwicklung 19 eingelegt, die hier als Dreiphasenwicklung in bekannter Wickeltechnik ausgeführt ist. Nach der Bewicklung wird außen auf das Blechpaket 12 ein laminiertes Rückschlußjoch 20 aufgesetzt, wodurch der Magnetkreis des Stators 10 geschlossen ist. Die Wicklungsenden der drei Wicklungsphasen der Ankerwicklung 19 sind einerseits zu eine Sternpunkt zusammengefaßt und andererseits zum Anschluß von noch zu beschreibenden Stromabnehmern herausgeführt.REPLACEMENT LEAF Rotor 11 facing surface closed with a groove insulation 18. An armature winding 19 is inserted in the slots 13, which is designed here as a three-phase winding using known winding technology. After the winding, a laminated yoke 20 is placed on the outside of the laminated core 12, whereby the magnetic circuit of the stator 10 is closed. The winding ends of the three winding phases of the armature winding 19 are combined on the one hand to form a star point and on the other hand led out for the connection of pantographs to be described.
Der zweipolig ausgeführte Rotor 11 besitzt zwei Permanentmagnetsegmente 21,22, die mittels einer Messinghülse 23 drehfest auf einem weichmagnetischen Zylinder 24 aufgespannt sind, der seinerseits drehfest mit einer Rotorwelle 25 verbunden ist. Der Rotor 11 ist so ausgeführt, daß der Zylinder 24 und die darauf befestigten Permanentmagnetsegmente 21,22 an dem einen Ende des Rotors 11 über das Blechpaket 12 vorstehen. In diesem Vorstehbereich liegt auf den Permagnetmagnetsegmenten 21,22 jeweils ein Polsegment 26,27 auf, das mit einem zahnartigen Polfortsatz 28 bzw. 29 sich in Axialrichtung erstreckt. Die beiden Polsegmente 26,27 werden ebenfalls durch die Messinghülse 23 auf den Permanentmagnetsegmenten 21,22 aufgespannt und damit drehfest gehalten.The two-pole rotor 11 has two permanent magnet segments 21, 22, which are clamped in a rotationally fixed manner on a soft magnetic cylinder 24 by means of a brass sleeve 23, which in turn is connected in a rotationally fixed manner to a rotor shaft 25. The rotor 11 is designed in such a way that the cylinder 24 and the permanent magnet segments 21, 22 fastened thereon protrude beyond the laminated core 12 at one end of the rotor 11. In this projecting area there is a pole segment 26, 27 on each of the permagnetic magnet segments 21, 22, which extends in the axial direction with a tooth-like pole extension 28 or 29. The two pole segments 26, 27 are also clamped onto the permanent magnet segments 21, 22 by the brass sleeve 23 and are thus held in a rotationally fixed manner.
Für die Rotorwelle 25 ist eine zweite Lagerstelle 59 an einem topfförmigen Lagerschild 30 aus Kunststoff ausgebildet, das von der offenen Stirnseite des Gehäuserohrs 14 her eingesetzt ist und mit einem am oberen Topfrand angeordneten radial vorstehenden Bund 31 auf der Stirnseite des Gehäuserohrs 14 aufliegt. Der Bund 3-1 ist mittels eines Dichtrings 32 gegenüber der Innenwand des Gehäuserohrs 14 abgedichtet. Der zylinderförmige Abschnitt 301 des topfförmigen Lagerschilds 30 liegt unmittelbar unter den diametral angeordneten Polfortsätzen 28,29, so daß sichFor the rotor shaft 25, a second bearing 59 is formed on a cup-shaped bearing plate 30 made of plastic, which is inserted from the open end face of the housing tube 14 and rests on the front side of the housing tube 14 with a radially projecting collar 31 arranged on the top edge of the pot. The collar 3-1 is sealed against the inner wall of the housing tube 14 by means of a sealing ring 32. The cylindrical section 301 of the cup-shaped end shield 30 lies directly below the diametrically arranged pole extensions 28, 29, so that
ERSATZBLATT diese unter Belassung eines Luftspaltes über diesen Abschnitt 301 des Lagerschilds 30 unbehindert drehen können. Das Lagergehäuse 33 der zweiten Lagerstelle 59 ist außen am Topfboden 302 angeformt und ragt in eine koaxiale zylindrische Ausnehmung 34 im weichmagnetischen Zylinder 24 des Rotors 11 hinein. In den beiden Lagergehäusen 15,33 ist die Rotorwelle 25 mittels Wälz- oder Gleitlager 35,36 drehbar gehalten.E R S A TZBLATT they can rotate freely through this section 301 of the bearing plate 30, leaving an air gap. The bearing housing 33 of the second bearing 59 is integrally formed on the pot bottom 302 and projects into a coaxial cylindrical recess 34 in the soft magnetic cylinder 24 of the rotor 11. The rotor shaft 25 is rotatably held in the two bearing housings 15, 33 by means of roller or slide bearings 35, 36.
Nach Einbringen des Rotors 11 und des Lagerschildes 30 in das Gehäuserohr 14 wird auf dessen Stirnseite eine Gehäusekappe 37 aus Kunststoff aufgesetzt, die eine Lagerstelle 38 für eine koaxial zur Rotorwelle 11 angeordnete Kommutatorwelle 40 trägt. Die zweite Lagerstelle 39 für die Kommutatorwelle 40 wird durch eine' Ausnehmung 41 im Topfboden 302 des Lagerschildes 30 gebildet. DieAfter the rotor 11 and the bearing plate 30 have been introduced into the housing tube 14, a housing cap 37 made of plastic is placed on the end face thereof and carries a bearing point 38 for a commutator shaft 40 arranged coaxially to the rotor shaft 11. The second bearing point 39 for the commutator 40 is formed by a 'recess 41 in the pot bottom of the bearing plate 302 30th The
Kommutatorwelle 40 wird jeweils endseitig mittels Wälz- oder Gleitlager 42,43 in den beiden Lagerstellen 38,39 drehbar gehalten. Auf der Kommutatorwelle 40 sitzt drehtest ein Kommutator 44, der aus zwei gegeneinander elektrisch isolierten Lamellen 45,46 aus elektrisch leitendem Material zusammengesetzt ist. Jede Lamelle 45,46 ist elektrisch leitend mit einem Schleifring 47 bzw. 48 verbunden, die starr auf der Kommutatorwelle 44 befestigt sind. Ist die Kommutatorwelle 40 aus einem elektrisch leitfähigen Material, z.B. Bronze, hergestellt, so sitzt der Schleifring 47 elektrisch isoliert auf der Kommutatorwelle 40 und der Schleifring 48 wird von der Kommutatorwelle 40 selbst gebildet. Auf jedem Schleifring 47,48 liegt eine Schleifringbürste 49 bzw. 50 auf, die in einem Bürstenhalter 51 bzw. 52 aufgenommen ist und von einer Bürstenandruckfeder 53 bzw. 54 gegen den Schleifring 49 bzw. 50 gepreßt wird. Beide Bürstenhalter 51,52 sind in der Gehäusekappe 37 befestigt. Auf dem Außenmantel des Kommutators 44 sitzen entsprechend der Phasenzahl der Ankerwicklung 19 dreiCommutator shaft 40 is rotatably held at the ends by means of roller or slide bearings 42, 43 in the two bearing points 38, 39. A commutator 44, which is composed of two mutually electrically insulated lamellae 45, 46 made of electrically conductive material, sits on the commutator shaft 40. Each lamella 45, 46 is electrically conductively connected to a slip ring 47 or 48, which are rigidly attached to the commutator shaft 44. Is the commutator shaft 40 made of an electrically conductive material, e.g. Bronze, manufactured, the slip ring 47 is electrically insulated on the commutator shaft 40 and the slip ring 48 is formed by the commutator shaft 40 itself. On each slip ring 47, 48 there is a slip ring brush 49 or 50, which is received in a brush holder 51 or 52 and is pressed by a brush pressure spring 53 or 54 against the slip ring 49 or 50. Both brush holders 51, 52 are fastened in the housing cap 37. According to the number of phases of the armature winding 19 there are three on the outer jacket of the commutator 44
ERSATZBLATT Kommutatorbürsten, die mit einem Drehversatz von 120° zueinander angeordnet sind. Jede Kommutatorbürste ist mit einer Wicklungsphase der Ankerwicklung 19 elektrisch leitend verbunden, in einem Bürstenhalter axial verschieblich geführt und von einer Bürstenandruckfeder an den Kommutator 44 angedrückt. Von den insgesamt drei Bürstenhaltern 56 ist in Fig. 1 lediglich der eine Bürstenhalter 56 mit Kommutatorbürste 55 und Bürstenandruckfeder 57 zu sehen.REPLACEMENT LEAF Commutator brushes, which are arranged with a rotation offset of 120 ° to each other. Each commutator brush is electrically conductively connected to a winding phase of the armature winding 19, guided axially displaceably in a brush holder and pressed onto the commutator 44 by a brush pressure spring. Of the total of three brush holders 56, only one brush holder 56 with commutator brush 55 and brush pressure spring 57 can be seen in FIG. 1.
Der Kommutator 44 ist mittels einer Magnetkupplung 60 an den Rotor 11 angekuppelt, so daß er synchron mit diesem umläuft. Der abtriebsseitige Kupplungsteil der Magnetkupplung 60 wird dabei von den beiden Polfortsätzen 28,29 in Verbindung mit den Permanentmagnetsegmenten 21,22 des Rotors 11 gebildet. Der andere Kupplungsteil besteht aus einer drehfest auf der Kommutatorwelle 40 sitzenden Magnetanordnung 61. Diese Magnetanordnung 61 besteht aus zwei in Achsrichtung der Kommutatorwelle 40 und radial dazu sich erstreckenden parallelen Polblechen 62,63 aus weichmagnetischem Material, zwischen denen zwei Dauermagnete 64,65 gehalten sind. Die beiden Dauermagnete 64,65 sind dabei so angeordnet, daß ihre Magnetisierungsrichtung quer zu den Polblechen 62,63 und jeweils in gleicher Richtung verläuft.The commutator 44 is coupled to the rotor 11 by means of a magnetic coupling 60, so that it rotates synchronously with the latter. The output-side coupling part of the magnetic coupling 60 is formed by the two pole extensions 28, 29 in connection with the permanent magnet segments 21, 22 of the rotor 11. The other coupling part consists of a magnet arrangement 61 which is seated on the commutator shaft 40 in a manner fixed against relative rotation. This magnet arrangement 61 consists of two parallel pole plates 62, 63 made of soft magnetic material, which extend in the axial direction of the commutator shaft 40 and radially thereto, between which two permanent magnets 64, 65 are held. The two permanent magnets 64, 65 are arranged such that their direction of magnetization runs transversely to the pole plates 62, 63 and in each case in the same direction.
Die Erfindung ist nicht auf das vorstehend beschriebene Ausführungsbeispiel beschränkt. So kann der Synchronmotor allgemein mit einer m-phasigen Ankerwicklung ( ^ 3) versehen und der Rotor 11 2p-polig (p = 1,2,3...) ausgebildet werden. Die Anzahl der Lamellen des Kommutators 44 entspricht dann der Polzahl 2p des Rotors 11. Die Anzahl der erforderlichen Kommutatorbürsten entspricht der Zahl m der Wicklungsphasen der Ankerwicklung und der rä-umlche Drehwinkelversatz der Kommutatorbürsten am Umfang des Kommutators 44 entspricht einem durch m dividierten Vollwinkel von 360°.The invention is not restricted to the exemplary embodiment described above. For example, the synchronous motor can generally be provided with an m-phase armature winding (^ 3) and the rotor 11 can be designed with 2 poles (p = 1,2,3 ...). The number of lamellae of the commutator 44 then corresponds to the number of poles 2p of the rotor 11. The number of commutator brushes required corresponds to the number m of the winding phases of the armature winding and the spatial angular displacement of the commutator brushes on the circumference of the commutator 44 corresponds to a full angle of 360 divided by m °.
ERSATZBLATT Die dreiphasige Ankerwicklung 19 kann auch als Dreieckschaltung ausgeführt werden. In diesem Fall sind die Verbindungspunkte jeweils zweier Wickungsphasen an den Kommutatorbürsten angeschlossen.E R S A TZBLATT The three-phase armature winding 19 can also be designed as a delta connection. In this case, the connection points of two winding phases are connected to the commutator brushes.
ERSATZBLATT REPLACEMENT LEAF

Claims

Ansprüche Expectations
1. Synchronmotor zum Betreiben an einem Gleichspannungsnetz mit einem permanentmagneterregten 2p-poligen Rotor und einem eine mehrphasige Ankerwicklung tragenden Stator und mit einer Kommutierungsvorrichtung, welche die Wicklungsphasen der Ankerwicklung entsprechend der Drehstellung des Rotors sukzessive an die Netzgleichspannung anschließt, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Kommutierungsvorrichtung einen koaxial zum Rotor (11) drehbar gelagerten Kommutator (44), der aus einer der Rotorpolzahl (2p) entsprechenden Anzahl von gegeneinander elektrisch isolierten, an die Netzgleichspannung angeschlossenen Lamellen (45,46) zusammengesetzt ist, und eine der Phasenzahl (m) der Ankerwicklung (19) entsprechende Anzahl von 'auf dem Kommutator (44) schleifenden Stromabnehmern (55) aufweist, die räumlich feststehend, zueinander um gleiche Drehwinkel am Umfang des Kommutators (44) versetzt angeordnet und mit der Ankerwicklung (19) verbunden sind, und daß der Kommutator (44) an dem Rotor (11) zur damit synchronen Drehung angekoppelt ist.1.Synchronous motor for operation on a DC voltage network with a permanent magnet excited 2p-pole rotor and a stator carrying a multi-phase armature winding and with a commutation device which connects the winding phases of the armature winding successively to the mains DC voltage in accordance with the rotary position of the rotor, characterized in that the commutation device has one A commutator (44) which is rotatably mounted coaxially to the rotor (11) and which is composed of a number (corresponding to the number of rotor poles (2p)) of lamellae (45, 46) which are electrically insulated from one another and connected to the mains DC voltage, and one of the number of phases (m) of the armature winding (19) has a corresponding number of 'current collectors (55) sliding on the commutator (44), which are spatially fixed, offset from one another by the same angle of rotation on the circumference of the commutator (44) and with the armature winding (19) are connected, and that the commutator (44) is coupled to the rotor (11) for synchronous rotation therewith.
2. Motor nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß jede Lamelle (45,46) des Kommutators (44) mit einem mit dem Kommutator (44) drehfest verbundenen Schleifring (47,48) elektrisch leitend verbunden ist, daß auf jedem Schleifring (47,48) ein räumlich feststehender Schleifer (49,50) aufliegt und daß die beiden Schleifer (49,50) an die Netzgleichspannung angeschlossen sind.2. Motor according to claim 1, characterized in that each lamella (45, 46) of the commutator (44) is connected in an electrically conductive manner to a slip ring (47, 48) connected in a rotationally fixed manner to the commutator (44), that on each slip ring (47 , 48) a spatially fixed grinder (49.50) rests and that the two grinders (49.50) are connected to the mains voltage.
3. Motor nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Kommutator (44) drehfest auf einer von der Rotorwelle (25) getrennten, mit dieser fluchtenden Kommutatorwelle (40) sitzt und daß die Kopplung von Rotor (11) und Kommutator (44) mittels einer Magnetkupplung (60) bewirkt ist.3. Motor according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the commutator (44) rotatably on a separate from the rotor shaft (25), with this aligned commutator shaft (40) and that the coupling of the rotor (11) and commutator (44 ) is effected by means of a magnetic coupling (60).
4. Motor nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Magnetkupplung (60) eine drehfest auf der Kommutatorwelle (40) sitzende zweipolige Magnetanordnung (61) und zwei an der Magnetanordnung (61) diametral einander gegenüberliegende, diese axial übergreifende- weichmagnetische Polstücke (26,27) aufweist, die jeweils an zueinander diametral liegenden Pole des Rotors (11) befestigt sind.4. Motor according to claim 3, characterized in that the magnetic coupling (60) a rotationally fixed on the commutator shaft (40) seated two-pole magnet arrangement (61) and two on the magnet arrangement (61) diametrically opposite one another, these axially overlapping- soft magnetic pole pieces (26 , 27), which are each attached to diametrically opposite poles of the rotor (11).
5. Motor nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Rotor (11) eine seiner Polzahl (2p) entsprechende Zahl von Permanentmagneten (21,22) trägt, die aus dem Stator (10) axial vorstehen, daß auf zwei diametral zueinander liegenden Permanentmagneten (21,22) in deren Vorstehbereich jeweils ein weichmagnetisches Polsegment (26,27) aufgesetzt ist und daß die Polstücke von in Achsrichtung sich erstreckenden zahnartigen5. Motor according to claim 4, characterized in that the rotor (11) has a corresponding number of its poles (2p) corresponding number of permanent magnets (21,22) projecting axially from the stator (10) that on two diametrically opposed permanent magnets (21,22) in whose projecting area a soft magnetic pole segment (26,27) is placed and that the pole pieces of tooth-like extending in the axial direction
ERSATZBLATT Segmentfortsätzen (28,29) an den Polsegmenten (26,27) gebildet sind.E R S A TZBLATT Segment extensions (28, 29) are formed on the pole segments (26, 27).
6. Motor nach Anspruch 4 oder 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Magnetanordnung (61) aus zwei parallelen, in Radialrichtung sich erstreckenden Polblechen (62,63) und zwei dazwischen gehaltenen Dauermagneten (64,65) besteht, deren Magnetisierungsrichtung quer zu den Polblechen (62,63) und der Achse der Kommutatorwelle (40) verläuft.6. Motor according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that the magnet arrangement (61) consists of two parallel, in the radial direction extending pole plates (62,63) and two permanent magnets (64,65) held between them, the direction of magnetization transverse to the pole plates (62,63) and the axis of the commutator shaft (40).
7. Motor nach einem der Ansprüche 1 - 6 in Ausführung als Naßläufermotor, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Rotor (11) und der Stator (10) durch ein flüssigkeitsdichtes, stirnseitig offenes Gehäuserohr (14) voneinander getrennt sind, in dem der Rotor (11) in zwei am Gehäuserohr (14) abgestützten Lagerstellen (16,59) drehbar gehalten ist, daß eine Lagerstelle (16) am Gehäuserohr (14) selbst und die andere Lagerstelle (59) an einem stirnseitig in das Gehäuserohr (14) eingesetzten topfförmigen Lagerschild (30) ausgebildet ist, das mit seinem Zylinderwandabschnitt (301) zwischen der Magnetanordnung (61), diese umschließend, und den Polstücken (28,29) verläuft und am offenen Topfrand einen radial überstehenden Bund (31) trägt, der gegenüber dem Gehäuserohr (14) flüssigkeitsdicht abgedichtet ist.7. Motor according to one of claims 1-6 in the form of a wet rotor motor, characterized in that the rotor (11) and the stator (10) are separated from one another by a liquid-tight, frontally open housing tube (14) in which the rotor (11 ) is rotatably held in two bearing points (16, 59) supported on the housing tube (14), that one bearing point (16) on the housing tube (14) itself and the other bearing point (59) on a pot-shaped bearing plate inserted into the end of the housing tube (14) (30), which runs with its cylinder wall section (301) between the magnet arrangement (61), enclosing it, and the pole pieces (28, 29) and carries a radially projecting collar (31) on the open pot edge, which is opposite the housing tube ( 14) is sealed liquid-tight.
8. Motor nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Gehäuserohr (14) und das Lagerschild (30) aus Kunststoff bestehen und daß das Lagergehäuse (15) der einen Lagerstelle (16) für den Rotor (11) über Haltestege (17) an der Innenwand des Gehäuserohrs (14) und das8. Motor according to claim 7, characterized in that the housing tube (14) and the bearing plate (30) consist of plastic and that the bearing housing (15) of the one bearing point (16) for the rotor (11) via retaining webs (17) the inner wall of the housing tube (14) and that
Lagergehäuse (33) der anderen Lagerstelle (59) am äußeren Boden (302) des topfförmigen Lagerschilds (30) jeweils einstückig angeformt sind.Bearing housings (33) of the other bearing point (59) are each integrally formed on the outer bottom (302) of the cup-shaped end shield (30).
ERSATZBLATT - 12 -E RS ATZBLATT - 12 -
9. Motor nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Ankerwicklung (19) in Nuten (13) eines den Stator (10) bildenden Blechpakets (12) einliegt und daß das Gehäuserohr (14) durch Umspritzen des Blechpakets (12) mit Kunststoff angeformt ist.9. Motor according to claim 8, characterized in that the armature winding (19) in grooves (13) of the stator (10) forming the laminated core (12) and that the housing tube (14) by molding the laminated core (12) molded with plastic is.
10. Motor nach Anspruch 8 oder 9 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Kommutatorwelle (40) aus einem elektrisch leitenden Material, z.B. Bronze, hergestellt ist und daß der eine Schleifring (47) isoliert auf der Kommutatorwelle (40) befestigt ist und der andere10. Motor according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that the commutator shaft (40) made of an electrically conductive material, e.g. Bronze, is made and that one slip ring (47) is insulated on the commutator shaft (40) and the other
Schleifring (48) von der Kommutatorwelle (40) selbst gebildet wird.Slip ring (48) is formed by the commutator shaft (40) itself.
ERSATZBLATT REPLACEMENT LEAF
PCT/DE1991/000124 1990-02-23 1991-02-18 Synchronous motor for use on a direct current network WO1991013486A1 (en)

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DE19904005773 DE4005773A1 (en) 1990-02-23 1990-02-23 SYNCHRONOUS MOTOR FOR OPERATION ON A DC VOLTAGE NETWORK
DEP4005773.9 1990-02-23

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Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19627854A1 (en) * 1996-07-11 1998-01-22 Linear Anstalt DC motor

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB699436A (en) * 1952-03-13 1953-11-04 Mono Pumps Ltd Improvements in or relating to electrically driven pump units
FR1195494A (en) * 1958-04-30 1959-11-17 Csf Improvements in the manufacture of rotating field motors
GB974830A (en) * 1963-05-13 1964-11-11 G & R Wrenn Ltd Improvements in electric motors
DE2546761A1 (en) * 1975-10-18 1977-04-28 Rau Swf Autozubehoer Engine for fluid transport - has DC driving motor with external cup shaped rotor carrying magnets and impeller vanes
DE2836977A1 (en) * 1978-08-24 1980-03-13 Ernst Gaus DC-MACHINE, ESPECIALLY DC-MOTOR
FR2527854A1 (en) * 1982-05-26 1983-12-02 Photowatt Int Submersible DC pump motor using commutation with immersed rotor - uses magnetic or optical coupling to transmit position of rotor to electronic commutator in sealed enclosure
WO1987001247A1 (en) * 1985-08-22 1987-02-26 Gareth Jones D.c. electric motor

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB699436A (en) * 1952-03-13 1953-11-04 Mono Pumps Ltd Improvements in or relating to electrically driven pump units
FR1195494A (en) * 1958-04-30 1959-11-17 Csf Improvements in the manufacture of rotating field motors
GB974830A (en) * 1963-05-13 1964-11-11 G & R Wrenn Ltd Improvements in electric motors
DE2546761A1 (en) * 1975-10-18 1977-04-28 Rau Swf Autozubehoer Engine for fluid transport - has DC driving motor with external cup shaped rotor carrying magnets and impeller vanes
DE2836977A1 (en) * 1978-08-24 1980-03-13 Ernst Gaus DC-MACHINE, ESPECIALLY DC-MOTOR
FR2527854A1 (en) * 1982-05-26 1983-12-02 Photowatt Int Submersible DC pump motor using commutation with immersed rotor - uses magnetic or optical coupling to transmit position of rotor to electronic commutator in sealed enclosure
WO1987001247A1 (en) * 1985-08-22 1987-02-26 Gareth Jones D.c. electric motor

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