WO1991012957A1 - Dispositif de fabrication d'objets tridimensionnels - Google Patents

Dispositif de fabrication d'objets tridimensionnels Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO1991012957A1
WO1991012957A1 PCT/SE1990/000136 SE9000136W WO9112957A1 WO 1991012957 A1 WO1991012957 A1 WO 1991012957A1 SE 9000136 W SE9000136 W SE 9000136W WO 9112957 A1 WO9112957 A1 WO 9112957A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
section
electrode
constituted
converting machine
plate
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/SE1990/000136
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Larsson Ralf
Larsson Ove
Original Assignee
Sparx Ab
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Sparx Ab filed Critical Sparx Ab
Priority to EP90906388A priority Critical patent/EP0518858A1/fr
Priority to PCT/SE1990/000136 priority patent/WO1991012957A1/fr
Publication of WO1991012957A1 publication Critical patent/WO1991012957A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B19/00—Programme-control systems
    • G05B19/02—Programme-control systems electric
    • G05B19/18—Numerical control [NC], i.e. automatically operating machines, in particular machine tools, e.g. in a manufacturing environment, so as to execute positioning, movement or co-ordinated operations by means of programme data in numerical form
    • G05B19/4097—Numerical control [NC], i.e. automatically operating machines, in particular machine tools, e.g. in a manufacturing environment, so as to execute positioning, movement or co-ordinated operations by means of programme data in numerical form characterised by using design data to control NC machines, e.g. CAD/CAM
    • G05B19/4099—Surface or curve machining, making 3D objects, e.g. desktop manufacturing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
    • B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
    • B23P15/24—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass dies
    • B23P15/246—Laminated dies
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
    • B26F—PERFORATING; PUNCHING; CUTTING-OUT; STAMPING-OUT; SEVERING BY MEANS OTHER THAN CUTTING
    • B26F1/00—Perforating; Punching; Cutting-out; Stamping-out; Apparatus therefor
    • B26F1/38—Cutting-out; Stamping-out
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
    • B26F—PERFORATING; PUNCHING; CUTTING-OUT; STAMPING-OUT; SEVERING BY MEANS OTHER THAN CUTTING
    • B26F1/00—Perforating; Punching; Cutting-out; Stamping-out; Apparatus therefor
    • B26F1/38—Cutting-out; Stamping-out
    • B26F1/3806—Cutting-out; Stamping-out wherein relative movements of tool head and work during cutting have a component tangential to the work surface
    • B26F1/3813—Cutting-out; Stamping-out wherein relative movements of tool head and work during cutting have a component tangential to the work surface wherein the tool head is moved in a plane parallel to the work in a coordinate system fixed with respect to the work
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/10—Processes of additive manufacturing
    • B29C64/141—Processes of additive manufacturing using only solid materials
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/10—Processes of additive manufacturing
    • B29C64/141—Processes of additive manufacturing using only solid materials
    • B29C64/147—Processes of additive manufacturing using only solid materials using sheet material, e.g. laminated object manufacturing [LOM] or laminating sheet material precut to local cross sections of the 3D object
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B44—DECORATIVE ARTS
    • B44B—MACHINES, APPARATUS OR TOOLS FOR ARTISTIC WORK, e.g. FOR SCULPTURING, GUILLOCHING, CARVING, BRANDING, INLAYING
    • B44B1/00—Artist's machines or apparatus equipped with tools or work holders moving or able to be controlled three-dimensionally for making single sculptures or models
    • B44B1/006—Artist's machines or apparatus equipped with tools or work holders moving or able to be controlled three-dimensionally for making single sculptures or models using computer control means
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B2219/00—Program-control systems
    • G05B2219/30—Nc systems
    • G05B2219/49—Nc machine tool, till multiple
    • G05B2219/49011—Machine 2-D slices, build 3-D model, laminated object manufacturing LOM
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P80/00—Climate change mitigation technologies for sector-wide applications
    • Y02P80/40—Minimising material used in manufacturing processes
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P90/00—Enabling technologies with a potential contribution to greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions mitigation
    • Y02P90/02—Total factory control, e.g. smart factories, flexible manufacturing systems [FMS] or integrated manufacturing systems [IMS]

Definitions

  • the invention refers to a device for manufacturing of three- dimensional objects, of a substantially homogenous material by means of a converting machine, which is controllable by means of computer instructions, and which material, which is constituted by web, sheet or disc shaped sections, is inser- table in said converting machine, where every separate section is provided to be subjected to a material cutting treatment in accordance to given computer instructions, whereby the converted, separated sections are arranged to be brought together and integrated with each other in a pro ⁇ grammed sequence.
  • a method to manufacture physical models by means of CAD data bases in direct connection to the work place of the designer is described in US 4,575,330 (C.W Hull).
  • This so called stereolithographic method which is based on the principle that a UV - radiating focussed light cross-links and thereby cures the impact point on the surface layer of a flowing photopolymer.
  • the light source which is two- dimensionally controllable, above the bath with the UV- curing plastic solution, then can be made to cure a section of the desired model.
  • the section thus produced is deposited on a table which is movable in the depth direction of the bath. By successively sinking the table after every completed trans ⁇ versal section, every layer can be bound to each other and a complete model of the object can be produced.
  • the object of the invention is to create a device which makes possible interactive manufacturing of three- dimen ⁇ sional models, which substantially corresponds to the CAD- data base which the operator intends to reproduce. In that way the device should make a rapid manufacturing of the actual object possible, without human interference after the operator by way of his terminal has ordered the manufacture of one or several models.
  • This device should be possible to place in office environ ⁇ ment and produce complex three- dimensional models, which in a digital way reproduces the object defined in the data base, and this has been achieved by the converting machine comprising at least one means for annihiliation of material particles in the section in the form at least one electrode to a spark converting machine, glow pen or the like, which means and/ or which section by means computer instructions is controllable in the x-and/or y- direction of the section plane.
  • Fig. 1 shows a typical user situation where a device accor ⁇ ding to the invention makes inter active manufacturing of models possible, at terminal work.
  • Fig. 2 shows diagrammatically and in perspective view a device with movable converting tool according to the in ⁇ vention.
  • Fig. 3 shows the device in fig. 2 seen from the side.
  • the working position of the converting tool moreover is enlarged - the encircled portion - for the purpose of showing details more clearly.
  • Fig. 4 shows another device with fixed electrode matrix in side view. The working position of the working tool moreover is enlarged - the encircled portion - for the purpose of showing details more clearly.
  • Fig. 5 shows in perspective how a flat bed plotter can be provided with an accessory, which can machine sheets or discs according to the invention.
  • Fig. 6 shows a lateral view of a modified device according to the invention with a single line spark electrode cam.
  • the encircled portion shows an enlargement of certain details.
  • Fig. 7 shows the device according to the fig.6 from the top side.
  • Fig. 8 shows in perspective a design variant with a single line electrode cam applied on web formed materials.
  • Fig. 9 shows a schematic side view of the device according to fig. 8.
  • Fig. 10 shows a further modified device according to the invention applied on sheet or disc formed materials.
  • a complete device for manufacturing of models according to the invention 1.
  • a sheet, web or disc formed section of a material of which the model is manufactured 16.
  • a store e.g. a roll with unmachined material sections.
  • Guide rim e.g. a rack, for control and operation of the servo device.
  • a assembly plate for fixation e.g. through vacuum of the first ready-machined disc section of a model.
  • stamp An operation and control device for translating movement of the not complete model, called stamp.
  • a fixed foundation relatively the counter stay plate.
  • a machining tool e.g. a spark electrode or laser gun, called tool.
  • a counter stay plate which is not influenced by the machining process.
  • a logic and /or power supplying unit which distributes necessary voltages to present spark electrodes in accordance to control data from the control unit, called drive circuit.
  • a resilient device which preloads the store with not joined material sections against gussets.
  • a heat radiating element e.g. an IR-valve.
  • a layer of a glue substance e.g. melting glue.
  • a machining tool 36 is movable in two directions (arrow C and D along a counter stay plate 37.
  • Unmachined material sections 16 eg. in the form of a continous web 16, is fed stepwise ahead from a roll 28 (in the direction of the arrow A) to a position behind the counter stay plate 37, seen from the tool 36, and clamped to this eg. by means of vacuum.
  • the control unit not shown starts the tool 36 and conveys this along x and y coordinates by means of a servo unit 29 in a path 25, corresponding to eg.
  • the tool 36 then is able to either separate material, eg. through melting or vaporiza ⁇ tion, or by joining of the material, eg. through thermal setting or sintering, of material particles, which are loosely interconnected by a soluable glue or the like to a material section, which substantially reproduces the present form in the present object.
  • an assembly plate 32 with attac- hed material sections, which are going to form the completed model 31, is fed forward to fit - up towards the latest material section (arrow B).
  • this complete material section will be pressed between the extreme and the last mounted material section on the counter stay plate 37.
  • a melt glue on the last comple ⁇ ted disc section can be made to join this disc section to the earlier produced pile of disc sections 31.
  • disc for disc to machine and join a model, which reproduces the geometries of the CAD- data base.
  • the ready model can be relea ⁇ sed from the device, eg. by stopping the vacuum between the model and assembly plate 32.
  • Fig. 3 shows machining by cutting by means of a light arc 18 caused by a flash over between a spark electrode 42 in the tool 36 and an electrically conducting foil layer 43 on the back side of the material disc 16.
  • the counter stay plate 37 hereby should show an optimized electric and thermal resis ⁇ tance, so that the light arc is not disturbed or in other way is affected negatively.
  • the energy supplied in the light arc 18 and the moving velocity of the control device 29 thereby will affect the geometry of the cavity 25.
  • a sliding contact 41 connected to eg. electrical earth by the cable 40 makes it possible to create an electrically closed system between the foil layer 43 and the spark elec ⁇ trode 42.
  • servo-device has been replaced with an electrode matrix which is fixed relatively the material disc 16, or gate of conducting points 42, eg. spark electrodes, which are sequentially supplied with con ⁇ trol data from the control unit (not shown) in the cable 45 by series parallel converting drive circuits 44.
  • the electrode matrix also operates as a counter stay plate.
  • a simple accessory makes it possible to use a common flat bed plotter 46 as a machining apparatus according to the invention.
  • the pen in the penholder of the plotter 46 is replaced by a machining tool 36.
  • This tool can e.g. be a spark electrode, from which an arc emanates or a hot tip electrode.
  • the energy to the machining tool is supplied through the cable 35 from a power supply 47.
  • the embodiment in fig. 6 and 7 operates with a movable cam of spark electrodes 56.
  • This cam 56 can be guided by the servo device 51 just above the surface of an unmachined material disc 16. Every material disc 16 which is not joined with any other material disc before its machining, is pro ⁇ vided partly with a conducting layer 43 and a thermally actuatable layer of e.g. meltable glue 55 on that side of the material disc which is faced off the spark electrodes 42.
  • These layers 43 and 55 preferably may be integrated in one and the same layer, e.g. a conducting meltable glue layer.
  • the control unit (not shown) can connect present spark electrodes 42 in accordance to the geometries of the present section, so that sparks occur between the spark electrodes 42 actuated in this way and through the conducting layer 43 connected to a suitably formed earthing device (not shown). In this way it is possible, at a very high velocity to permanently remove desired material por- tions 25 from the material disc 16. In this way, the device can machine one disc per scan with the servo unit 51.
  • the first thus machined disc in every new model after com ⁇ pleted machining and transport of the electrode cam 56 to a position at the side, seized by an oscillating assembly plate 32, which operates with vacuum.
  • the ready machined material disc thereby can be made to be torn off from the store 49 out of four corner plates 52.
  • the servo can again start and drive the electrode cam 56 over the following material disc, which has been pressed into position towards the four corner plates 52, when the former disc was torn off.
  • the maching thereafter can be repeated.
  • a heat radiating unit 53 mounted on the servo unit 51 simultaneously with the machining being carried out or separately heat a melting glue 55 applied on the backside on the former machined disc.
  • the glue on the disc number 1 also will be melted and ready for joining with disc number 2. This is carried out by the assembly plate 32 once again makes an oscillating movement, so that disc number 1 has time to be pressed long time enough against the disc number 2 for the melting glue to join the discs. When the assembly plate returns to its original position, disc number 2 will be torn off from the four corner plates 52 of the store.
  • the vacuum force between the model and the assembly plate may cease, whereby the comple ⁇ ted model along with surrounding waste material is released from the device.
  • the operator manually has to remove the surroun ⁇ ding waste material 54, which preferably is slightly attac- hed to the model in smaller material sections placed out by the control unit of the device.
  • Electrode cam extends over substantially over the complete width of the web.
  • the electrode cam is placed on one side of the material web and cooperates with a counter electrode on the other side of the web.
  • This counter electrode can be an electrode plate, electrode cam, electrode wire or electrode roller extending over the total width of the web but can also be an electrically conducting foil on the back side of the materi ⁇ al web.
  • the details cut out by the machining means 57, which are going to form the new model, are transported by means of a conveyor 59 to an assembly plate 32, where the material sections are piled on each other.
  • the cut out details are attached to the conveyor 59 by means of vacuum or magnetic forces.
  • the cut out details 31 are submitted to a heat treating to actuate a melt glue or they pass a glue station where an adhesive means is applied so that every single detail is connected to the preceeding detail.
  • the electrode pins of the cam electrode 42 are constituted by electrodes of a plasma cutter the counter electrode may be constituted by the material web as such or an electrically conducting layer applied on this.
  • the first cut out material section 16 will be glued to the assembly plate 32, which can be heated so that the first machined glued material section can be loosened from the plate.
  • a further modified embodiment is shown in fig. 10 where the material sections may consist of single sheets or discs, which in a known manner are fed down towards a counter stay plate 37, which has porous structure so that the surrounding air can pass through the plate.
  • the counter stay plate 37 is placed in a box 60 in which can be provided a negative pressure and which brings the material section to fit-up against the plate.
  • the counter stay plate is movable along a guide 61, so that the material section 16 can be brought to take different operational positions, just in front of the machining means 57 in a first step, to a heat radiating element in a second step and to the integration unit with the assembly plate 32, where the joining of the separate segments takes place in a third step.
  • the invention is not limited to examples on devices and materials described herein, but a several variants and combinations are possible within the scope of the invention.
  • devices with fixed needle formed electrodes, which penetrate into materials and thereby provide a partial vaporization or melting.
  • materials of easily fusible homogenous or sintered alloys can be removed by means of mechanical oscillation energy e.g. focussed ultrasound.

Abstract

On décrit un dispositif de fabrication d'objets tridimensionnels en une matière sensiblement homogène au moyen d'une machine de transformation (1), qui peut être commandée par des instructions reçues d'un ordinateur. La matière, qui se présente sous la forme d'une bande, feuille ou sections en forme de disque (16), peut être introduite dans ladite machine de transformation, où chaque section séparée est soumise à un traitement de coupe de la matière en fonction d'instructions spécifiques données par l'ordinateur. Les sections séparées, après transformation, sont rassemblées et mutuellement intégrées dans une séquence programmée. La machine de transformation (1) comprend au moins un moyen (57) pour supprimer ou incorporer des particules de matière dans la section de matière (16) sous la forme d'au moins une électrode d'une machine de transformation à étincelles, d'un stylo luminescent, d'un appareil de découpage au plasma ou analogue, lesdits moyens et/ou ladite section pouvant être commandés par des instructions reçues d'un ordinateur dans le sens x et/ou y du plan de la section.
PCT/SE1990/000136 1990-02-28 1990-02-28 Dispositif de fabrication d'objets tridimensionnels WO1991012957A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP90906388A EP0518858A1 (fr) 1990-02-28 1990-02-28 Dispositif de fabrication d'objets tridimensionnels
PCT/SE1990/000136 WO1991012957A1 (fr) 1990-02-28 1990-02-28 Dispositif de fabrication d'objets tridimensionnels

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/SE1990/000136 WO1991012957A1 (fr) 1990-02-28 1990-02-28 Dispositif de fabrication d'objets tridimensionnels

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1991012957A1 true WO1991012957A1 (fr) 1991-09-05

Family

ID=20378246

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/SE1990/000136 WO1991012957A1 (fr) 1990-02-28 1990-02-28 Dispositif de fabrication d'objets tridimensionnels

Country Status (2)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0518858A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO1991012957A1 (fr)

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0557051A1 (fr) * 1992-02-20 1993-08-25 Teijin Seiki Company Limited Procédé pour photomodelage
EP0585502A1 (fr) 1991-02-26 1994-03-09 LABORATOIRE ERIN.MP (Equipes de Recherche en Interface numérique Mécanique et Production) Procédé pour la création et la réalisation de pièces par C.A.O. et pièces ainsi obtenues
WO1995008416A1 (fr) * 1993-09-20 1995-03-30 Massachusetts Institute Of Technology Procede de formation rapide de matrices stratifiees
US5514232A (en) * 1993-11-24 1996-05-07 Burns; Marshall Method and apparatus for automatic fabrication of three-dimensional objects
AT401634B (de) * 1994-02-18 1996-10-25 Gfm Fertigungstechnik Verfahren und vorrichtung zum herstellen eines verbundwerkstückes
GB2311960A (en) * 1996-04-13 1997-10-15 Marrill Eng Co Ltd Method and apparatus for rapid modelling
GB2323553A (en) * 1997-03-26 1998-09-30 Standard Prod Ltd Manufacture of a flexible multi-layered article by a laminating process
US6146487A (en) * 1998-07-10 2000-11-14 Republic Of Korea Rapid prototyping method for minimizing post processing
US6627030B2 (en) * 2000-04-07 2003-09-30 Korea Advanced Institute Of Science And Technology Variable lamination manufacturing (VLM) process and apparatus

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4752352A (en) * 1986-06-06 1988-06-21 Michael Feygin Apparatus and method for forming an integral object from laminations
EP0290016A2 (fr) * 1987-05-08 1988-11-09 Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft Procédé de liaison thermique d'éléments formés et de produits semi-finis
SE461752B (sv) * 1988-08-30 1990-03-19 Sparx Ab Anordning och material foer framstaellning av tre-dimensionellt foeremaal
EP0369909A1 (fr) * 1988-11-15 1990-05-23 Claude Paul Musset Procédé de fabrication de maquette et dispositif de découpe automatique d'éléments pour cette fabrication

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4752352A (en) * 1986-06-06 1988-06-21 Michael Feygin Apparatus and method for forming an integral object from laminations
EP0290016A2 (fr) * 1987-05-08 1988-11-09 Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft Procédé de liaison thermique d'éléments formés et de produits semi-finis
SE461752B (sv) * 1988-08-30 1990-03-19 Sparx Ab Anordning och material foer framstaellning av tre-dimensionellt foeremaal
EP0369909A1 (fr) * 1988-11-15 1990-05-23 Claude Paul Musset Procédé de fabrication de maquette et dispositif de découpe automatique d'éléments pour cette fabrication

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0585502A1 (fr) 1991-02-26 1994-03-09 LABORATOIRE ERIN.MP (Equipes de Recherche en Interface numérique Mécanique et Production) Procédé pour la création et la réalisation de pièces par C.A.O. et pièces ainsi obtenues
EP0557051A1 (fr) * 1992-02-20 1993-08-25 Teijin Seiki Company Limited Procédé pour photomodelage
US5607540A (en) * 1992-02-20 1997-03-04 Teijin Seiki Co., Ltd. Photoforming method and apparatus
WO1995008416A1 (fr) * 1993-09-20 1995-03-30 Massachusetts Institute Of Technology Procede de formation rapide de matrices stratifiees
US5514232A (en) * 1993-11-24 1996-05-07 Burns; Marshall Method and apparatus for automatic fabrication of three-dimensional objects
AT401634B (de) * 1994-02-18 1996-10-25 Gfm Fertigungstechnik Verfahren und vorrichtung zum herstellen eines verbundwerkstückes
GB2311960A (en) * 1996-04-13 1997-10-15 Marrill Eng Co Ltd Method and apparatus for rapid modelling
WO1999019136A1 (fr) * 1996-04-13 1999-04-22 Marrill Engineering Co. Limited Appareil et procede de fabrication de modeles
GB2311960B (en) * 1996-04-13 1999-08-25 Marrill Eng Co Ltd Modelling apparatus and method
GB2323553A (en) * 1997-03-26 1998-09-30 Standard Prod Ltd Manufacture of a flexible multi-layered article by a laminating process
US6146487A (en) * 1998-07-10 2000-11-14 Republic Of Korea Rapid prototyping method for minimizing post processing
US6627030B2 (en) * 2000-04-07 2003-09-30 Korea Advanced Institute Of Science And Technology Variable lamination manufacturing (VLM) process and apparatus

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Publication number Publication date
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