WO1991012002A1 - Imidazole angiotensin ii antagonists incorporating a substituted benzyl element - Google Patents

Abstract

Substituted imidazoles attached through a methylene bridge to novel substituted phenyl derivatives of formula (I), are useful as angiotensin II antagonists.

Description

TITLE OF THE INVENTION

IMIDAZOLE ANGIOTENSIN II ANTAGONISTS INCORPORATING A

SUBSTITUTED BENZYL ELEMENT

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The present invention is a continuation in part of Serial No. 479,780 filed February 13, 1990.

The Renin-angiotensin system (RAS) plays a central role in the regulation of normal blood pressure and seems to be critically involved in hypertension development and maintenance as well as congestive heart failure. Angiotensin II (A II), is an octapeptide hormone produced mainly in the blood during the cleavage of angiotensin I by angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) localized on the endothelium of blood vessels of lung, kidney, and many other organs. It is the end product of the reninangiotensin system (RAS) and is a powerful arterial vasoconstrictor that exerts its action by interacting with specific receptors present on cell membranes. One of the possible modes of controlling the RAS is angiotensin II receptor antagonism. Several peptide analogs of A II are known to inhibit the effect of this hormone by competitively blocking the receptors, but their experimental and clinical applications have been limited by partial agonist activity and lack of oral absorption [M. Antonaccio. Clin. Exp.

Hypertens. A4, 27-46 (1982); D. H. P. Streeten and G. H. Anderson, Jr. - Handbook of Hypertension,

Clinical Pharmacology of Antihypertensive Drugs, ed. A. E. Doyle, Vol. 5, pp. 246-271, Elsevier Science Publisher, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 1984].

Recently, several non-peptide compounds have been described as A II antagonists. Illustrative of such compounds are those disclosed in U.S. Patents 4,207,324; 4,340,598; 4,576,958; and 4,582,847 in European Patent Applications 028,834; 245,637;

253,310; and 291,969; and in articles by A.T. Chiu, et al. [Eur. J. Pharm. Exp. Therap, 157, 13-21

(1988)] and by P.C. Wong, et al. [J. Pharm. Exp.

Therap, 247, 1-7(1988)]. All of the U.S. Patents, European Patent Applications 028,834 and 253,310 and the two articles disclose substituted imidazole compounds which are generally bonded through a lower alkyl bridge to a substituted phenyl. European

Patent Application 245,637 discloses derivatives of 4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-2H-imidazo[4,5-c]-pyridine-6- carboxylic acid and analogs thereof as antihypertensive agents.

None of the compounds disclosed within this application have been identified in any US Patent, European Applications or articles nor are they of the type containing substituted heterocycles bonded through an alkyl bridge to a novel substituted phenyl. The substituted imidazoles, have been disclosed in patents to DuPont (EPO 253,310 and EPO 324,377) focusing on the design of Angiotensin II Antagonists.

The compounds of this invention have central nervous system (CNS) activity. They are useful in the treatment of cognitive dysfunctions including Alzheimer's disease, amnesia and senile dementia. These compounds also have anxiolytic and

antidepressant properties and are therefore, useful in the relief of symptoms of anxiety and tension and in the treatment of patients with depressed or dysphoric mental states.

In addition, these compounds exhibit antidopaminergic properties and are thus useful to treat disorders that involve dopamine dysfunction such as schizophrenia. The compounds of this invention are especially useful in the treatment of these conditions in patients who are also

hypertensive or have a congestive heart failure condition.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION This invention relates to compounds of Formula I

FORMULA I or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof wherein:

R¹ is

(a) (C₁-C₆)-alkyl, (C₂-C₆)-alkenyl or

(C₂-C₆)-alkynyl each of which is unsubstituted or substituted with a substituent selected from the group consisting of:

i) aryl as defined below, ii) (C₃-C₇)-cycloalkyl,

iii) Cl, Br, I, F,

iv) COOR²,

vii) N[((C₁-C₄)-alkyl)]₂,

viii) NHSO₂R², ix) CF₃,

x) COOR², or

xi) SO₂NHR^2a; and

(b) aryl, wherein aryl is defined as phenyl or naphthyl, unsubstituted or substituted with 1 or 2 substituents selected from the group consisting of:

i) Cl, Br, F, I,

ii) (C₁-C₄)-alkyl,

iii) (C₁-C₄)-alkoxy,

iv) NO₂

v) CF₃

vi) SO₂NR^2aR^2a,

vii) (C₁-C₄)-alkylthio,

viii) hydroxy,

ix) amino,

x) (C₃-C₇)-cycloalkyl,

xi) (C₃-C₁₀)-alkenyl; and

(c) heteroaryl, wherein heteroaryl is defined as an unsubstituted, monosubstituted or

disubstituted heteroaromatic 5- or 6- membered cyclic moiety, which can contain one or two members selected from the group consisting of N, O, S and wherein the substituents are members selected from the group consisting of:

i) Cl, Br, F, I,

ii) OH,

iii) SH,

iv) NO₂,

v) (C₁-C₄)-alkyl,

vi) (C₂-C₄)-alkenyl, vii) (C₂-C₄)-alkynyl,

viii) (C₁-C₄)-alkoxy, or ix) CF₃, or

(d) perfluoro-(C₁-C₄)-alkyl; and

B is:

(a) a single bond,

(b) -S(O)_x(CH₂)_s-, or

(c) -O-; and x is 0 to 2, s is 0 to 5; m is 1 to 5; p is 0 to 3; n is 1 to 10;

R² is :

(a) H, or

(b ) (C₁-C₆ )-alkyl , and

R^2a is:

(a) R²,

(b) CH₂-aryl, or

(c) aryl; and

R³ is:

(a) H,

(b) (C₁-C₆)-alkyl, (C₂-C₆)-alkenyl or

(C₂-C₆)-alkynyl, (c) Cl, Br, I, F,

(d) NO₂

(e) (C₁-C₈)-perfluoroalkyl,

(f) C₆F₅,

(g) CN,

(h) NH₂,

(i) NH[(C₁-C₄)-alkyl],

(j) N[(C₁-C₄)-alkyl]₂,

(k) NH[CO(C₁-C₄)-alkyl],

(l) N[(C₁-C₄)-alkyl)-(CO(C₁-C₄)-alkyl)],

(m) N(C₁-C₄)-alkyl-COaryl,

(n) N(C₁-C₄)alkyl-SO₂aryl,

(o) CO₂H,

(p) CO₂R^2a,

(q) phenyl,

(r) phenyl-(C₁-C₃)-alkyl,

(s) phenyl and phenyl-(C₁-C₃)-alkyl substituted on the phenyl ring with one or two substituents selected from:

i) (C₁-C₄)-alkyl,

ii) (C₁-C₄)-alkoxyl,

iii) F, Cl, Br, I,

iv) hydroxyl,

v) methoxyl,

vi) CF₃,

vii) CO₂R^2a, or

Vlll) NO₂; and R⁴ is:

(a) H,

(b) CN,

(c) (C₁-C₈)-alkyl, (d) (C₃-C₆)-alkenyl,

(e) (C₁-C₈)-perfluoroalkyl,

(f) (C₁-C₈)-perfluoroalkenyl,

(g) NH₂,

(h) NH(C₁-C₄)-alkyl,

(i) N[(C₁-C₄)-alkyl]₂,

(j) NH(C₁-C₄)-acyl,

(k) N[((C₁-C₄)-acyl)((C₁-C₄)-alkyl)],

(l) CO₂H,

(m) CO₂R^2a,

(n) phenyl,

(o) phenyl-(C₂-C₆)-alkenyl,

O

(p) C-R¹⁶,

OR17

(q) (CH₂)_n-1CH-R¹⁷,

O

(r) (CH₂)_nOCR¹⁴,

(s) (CH₂)_nSR¹⁵,

O

(t) CH=CH(CH₂)_sOCR¹⁵,

O

(u) CH=CH(CH₂)_SCR¹⁷,

CH₃

(v) (CH₂)_S-CH-CR¹⁵,

O

O

(w) (CH₂)_nCR¹⁵,

O

(x) (CH₂)_nOCNHR¹⁶,

S

(y) (CH₂)_nOCNHR¹⁶, (z) (CH₂)_nNHSO₂R¹⁶,

(aa) (CH₂)_nF,

(ab) (CH₂)_m-imidazol-1-yl,

(ac) (CH₂)_m-1,2,3-triazolyl, unsubstituted or

substituted with one or two substituents selected from:

i) CO₂CH₃,

ii) (C₁-C₄)-alkyl,

(ad) tetrazol-5-yl,

(ae) -CONH-SO₂-aryl,

(af) -CONH-SO₂-(C₁-C₈)-alkyl, wherein the alkyl group is unsubstituted or substituted with a substituent selected from the group

consisting of: -OH, -SH, -O(C₁-C₄)-alkyl, -S-(C₁-C₄)-alkyl, -CF₃, Cl, Br, F, I, -NO₂, -CO₂H, -CO₂-(C₁-C₄)-alkyl, -NH₂,

-NH[(C₁-C₄)-alkyl], -N[(C₁-C₄)-alkyl]₂; and

(ag) -CONH-SO₂-ρerfluoro-(C₁-C₄)-alkyl,

(ah) -CONHSO₂NR^2aR^2a; and

(ag)

(ah) -(CH₂)_s

or

(ai) -CH=N-NH and

R⁵ is:

(a) CN,

(b) NO₂, or

(c) CO₂R^2a; and

R⁹ and R¹⁰ are independently:

(a) H,

(b) (C₁-C₆)-alkyl, unsubstituted or substituted with (C₃-C₇)-cycloalkyl,

(c) (C₂-C₆)-alkenyl,

(d) (C₂-C₆)-alkynyl,

(e) Cl, Br, F, I,

(f) (C₁-C₆)-alkoxy,

(g) when R⁹ and R¹⁰ are on adjacent carbons, they can be joined to form an phenyl ring,

(h) perfluoro-(C₁-C₅)-alkyl,

(i) (C₃-C₇)-cycloalkyl, unsubstituted or

substituted with (C₁-C₆)-alkyl,

(j) aryl; and

X is

(a) -O-,

(b) -S(O)_n-,

(c) -NR¹³-

(d) -CH₂O-,

(e) -CH₂S(O)_n,

(f) -CH₂NR¹³ -,

(g) -OCH₂- ,

(h) -NR¹³CH₂- ,

(i) -S(O)_nCH₂-,

(j) -CH₂-,

(k) -(CH₂)₂-,

(1) single bond, or (m) -CH=, wherein Y and R¹² are absent forming a -C=C- bridge to the carbon bearing Z and R¹¹; and

Y is :

(a) single bond,

(b) -O-,

(c) -S(O)n-,

(d) -NR¹³-, or

(e) -CH₂-; and

Except that X and Y are not defined in such a way that the carbon atom to which Z is attached also simultaneously is bonded to two heteroatoms (0, N, S, SO, SO₂).

R¹¹ and R¹² are independently:

(a) H,

(b) (C₁-C₆-)alkyl unsubstituted or substituted with:

(i) aryl, or

(ii) (C₃-C₇)-cycloalkyl,

(c) aryl, unsubstituted or substituted with 1 to 5 substitutents selected from the group consisting of:

i) Cl, Br, I, F,

ii) (C₁-C₆)-alkyl,

iii) [(C₁-C₅)-alkenyl]CH₂-,

iv) [(C₁-C₅)-alkynyl]CH₂-,

v) (C₁-C₅)-alkoxy,

vi) (C₁-C₅)-alkylthio,

vii) -NO₂, viii) -CF₃,

ix) -CO₂R^2a, or

x) -OH; and

(d) aryl-(C₁-C₂)-alkyl, unsubstituted or substituted with 1 to 5 substitutents se m the group consisting of i) I, F,

ii) (C₁ C₆) alkyl,

iii) [(C₁-C₅)-alkenyl]CH₂-,

iv) [(C₁-C₅)-alkynyl]CH₂-,

v) (C₁-C₅)-alkoxy,

vi) (C₁-C₅)-alkylthio,

vii) -NO₂,

viii) -CF₃,

ix) -CO₂R^2a, or

x) -OH; and

(e) (C₃-C₇)-cycloalkyl; and R¹³ is :

(a) H,

(b) (C₁-C₆)-alkyl,

(c) aryl,

(d) aryl-(C₁-C₆)-alkyl-(C=O)-,

(e) (C₁-C₆)-alkyl-(C=O)-,

(f) [(C₂-C₅)-alkenyl]CH₂-,

(g) [(C₂-C₅)-alkynyl]CH₂-, or

(h) aryl-CH₂-; and Z is:

(a) -CO₂H,

(b) -CO₂-(C₁-C₆)-alkyl,

(c) -tetrazol-5-yl,

(d) -CO-NH(tetrazol-5-yl) (e) -CONH-SO₂-aryl,

(f) -CONH-SO₂-(C₁-C₈)-alkyl, wherein the alkyl group is unsubstituted or substituted with a substituent selected from the group consisting of: -OH, -SH, -O(C₁-C₄)-alkyl, -S-(C₁-C₄)-alkyl, -CF₃, Cl, Br, F, I, -NO₂, -CO₂H, -CO₂-(C₁-C₄)-alkyi, -NH₂,

-NH[(C₁-C₄)-alkyl], -N[(C₁-C₄)-alkyl]₂; and

(g) -CONH-SO₂-perfluoro-(C₁-C₄)-alkyl,

(h) -CONH-SO₂-heteroaryl, or

(i) -CONHSO₂NR^2aR^2a; and

(j) -SO₂NHCO-aryl,

(k) -SO₂NHCO-(C₁-C₈)-alkyl, wherein the alkyl group is unsubstituted or substituted with a substituent selected from the group consisting of: -OH, -SH, -O(C₁-C₄)-alkyl, -S-(C₁-C₄)-alkyl, -CF₃ , Cl, Br, F, I, -NO₂, -CO₂H, -CO₂-(C₁-C₄)-alkyl, -NH₂,

-NH[(C₁-C₄)-alkyl], -N[(C₁-C₄)-alkyl]₂; and

(1) -SO₂NHCO-perfluoro-(C₁-C₄)-alkyl,

(m) -SO₂NHCO-heteroaryl,

(n) -SO₂NHCONR^2aR^2a;

(o) -PO(OH)₂,

(p) -PO(OR²)₂, or

(q) -PO(OH)(OR²); and R¹⁴ is :

(a) H,

(b) (C₁-C₈)-alkyl,

(c) (C₁-C₃)-perfluoroalkyl,

(d) (C₃-C₆)-cycloalkyl,

(e) phenyl, or

(f) benzyl; and R¹⁵ is:

(a) H,

(b) (C₁-C₆)-alkyl,

(c) (C₃-C₆)-cycloalkyl,

(d) (CH₂)_p-phenyl,

(e) OR¹⁷,

(f) morpholin-4-yl, or

(g) NR¹⁸R¹⁹; and

R¹⁶ is:

(a) (C₁-C₈)-alkyl,

(b) (C₁-C₈)-perfluoroalkyl,

(c) 1-adamantyl,

(d) 1-naphthyl,

(e) (1-naphthyl)ethyl, or

(f) -(CH₂)_p-phenyl; and

R¹⁷ is:

(a) H,

(b) (C₁-C₆)-alkyl,

(c) (C₃-C₆)-cycloalkyl,

(d) phenyl, or

(e) benzyl; and

R¹⁸ and R¹⁹ are independently:

(a) H,

(b) (C₁-C₄)-alkyl,

(c) phenyl,

(d) benzyl, or

(e) α-methylbenzyl; and R²⁰ is:

(a) aryl, or

(b) heteroaryl, unsubstituted or substituted

with one or two substituents selected from the group consisting of:

(i) (C₁-C₄)-alkyl,

(ii) (C₁-C₄)-alkoxyl,

(iii) Br, Cl, I, F, or

(iv) CH₂-aryl.

The alkyl substitutents recited above denote straight and branched chain hydrocarbons of the length specified such as methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, isobutyl, neopentyl, isopentyl, etc.

The alkenyl and alkynyl substituents denote alkyl groups as described above which ar modified so that each contains a carbon to carbon double bond or triple bond, respectively, such as vinyl, allyl and 2-butenyl.

Cycloalkyl denotes rings composed of 3 to 8 methlene groups, each which may be substituted or unsubstitued with other hydrocarbon substituents, and include for example cyclopropyl, cyclopentyl,

cyclohexyl and 4-methylcyclohexyl.

The alkoxy substituent represents an alkyl group as described above attached through an oxygen bridge.

The aryl substituent recited above represents phenyl or naphthyl.

The heteroaryl substituent recited above

represents any 5- or 6-membered aromatic ring

containing from one to three heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur, for example, pyridyl, thienyl, furyl,

imidazolyl, and thiazolyl. Preferred Imidazoles:

2-Butyl-1-[4-(l-carboxy-1-phenyl)methoxyphenyl]methyl- 4-chloro-5-hydroxymethylimidazole;

1-[4-(1-Carboxy-1-phenyl)methoxyphenyl]methyl-4- chloro-5-hydroxymethyl-2-propylimidazole;

2-Butyl-5-carboxy-1-[4-(1-carboxy-1-phenyl)methoxy- phenyl]methyl-4-chloroimidazole;

2-Butyl-5-carbomethoxy-1-[4-(1-carboxy-1-phenyl)- methoxyphenyl]methyl-4-chloroimidazole;

2-Butyl-5-carboxy-1-[4-(l-carboxy-1-phenyl)methoxy- phenyl]methyl-4-pentafluoroethylimidazole;

2-Butyl-5-carboxy-1-[4-(1-carboxy-1-phenyl)methoxy- phenyl]methyl-4-trifluoromethylimidazole;

2-Butyl-5-carboxy-1-[4-(1-carboxy-1-phenyl)methoxy- phenyl]methyl-4-nitroimidazole;

2-Butyl-1-[4-(1-carboxy-1-phenyl)methoxyphenyl]methyl- 5-hydroxymethyl-4-nitroimidazole;

2-Butyl-5-carbomethoxy-1-[4-(1-carboxy-1-phenyl)- methoxyphenyl]methyl-4-nitroimidazole;

5-Carboxy-1-[4-(1-carboxy-1-(2-chloro)phenyl)methoxy- phenyl]methyl-2-propyl-4-trifluoromethylimidazole; 5-Carboxy-2-propyl-1-[4-(1-carboxy-1-(2-methyl)- phenyl)methoxyphenyl]methyl-4-trifluoromethylimidazole;

5-Carboxy-1-[4-(1-carboxy-1-(2,6-dichloro)phenyl)- methoxyphenyl]methyl-2-propyl-4-trifluoromethylimidazole;

5-Carboxy-1-[4-(1-carboxy-1-(2-trifluromethyl)phenyl)- methoxyphenyl]methyl-2-propyl-4-trifluoromethylimidazole;

5-Carboxy-1-[4-(1-carboxy-1-(2-methoxy)phenyl)methoxy- phenyl]methyl-2-propyl-4-trifluoromethylimidazole;

5-Carboxy-2-propyl-1-[4-(1-carboxy-1-(2-chloro)- phenyl)methoxy-3-chlorophenyl]methyl-4-trifluoromethylimidazole;

5-Carboxy-1-[4-(1-carboxy-1-(2-chloro)phenyl)methoxy- 3,5-dichlorophenyl]methyl-2-propyl-4-trifluoromethylimidazole;

5-Carboxy-1-[4-(1-carboxy-1-(2-chloro)phenyl)methoxy- phenyl]methyl-4-chloro-2-propylimidazole;

5-Carboxy-1-[4-(1-carboxy-1-(2-methyl)phenyl)methoxy- phenyl]methyl-4-chloro-2-propylimidazole;

5-Carboxy-1-[4-(1-carboxy-1-(2,6-dichloro)phenyl)- methoxyphenyl]methyl-4-chloro-2-propylimidazole; 5-Carboxy-1-[4-(1-carboxy-1-(2-trifluoromethyl)- phenyl)methoxyphenyl]methyl-4-chloro-2-propyl- imidazole;

5-Carboxy-1-[4-(1-carboxy-1-(2-methoxy)phenyl)methoxy- phenyl]methyl-4-chloro-2-propylimidazole;

5-Carboxy-1-[4-(1-carboxy-1-(2-chloro)phenyl)methoxy- 3-chlorophenyl]methyl-4-chloro-2-propylimidazole;

5-Carboxy-1-[4-(1-carboxy-1-(2-chloro)phenyl)methoxy- 3 , 5-dichlorophenyl]methyl-4-chloro-2-propylimidazole;

2-Butyl-4-chloro-5-hydroxymethyl-1-[4-(1-(tetrazol-5- yl)-1-phenyl)methoxyphenyl]methylimidazole;

4-Chloro-5-hydroxymethyl-2-propyl-1-[4-(l-(tetrazol-5- yl)-1-phenyl)methoxyphenyl]methylimidazole;

2-Butyl-4-chloro-5-carboxy-1-[4-(1-(tetrazol-5-yl)-1- phenyl)methoxyphenyl]methylimidazole;

2-Butyl-4-chloro-5-carbomethoxy-1-[4-(1-(tetrazol-5- yl)-1-phenyl)methoxyphenyl]methylimidazole;

2-Butyl-5-carboxy-4-pentafluoroethyl-1-[4-(1-(tetra- zol-5-yl)-1-phenyl)methoxyphenyl]methylimidazole;

2-Butyl-5-carboxy-1-[4-(1-(tetrazol-5-yl)-1-phenyl)- methoxyphenyl]methyl-4-trifluoromethylimidazole;

2-Butyl-5-carboxy-4-nitro-1-[4-(1-(tetrazol-5-yl)-1- phenyl)methoxyphenyl]methylimidazole; 2-Butyl-5-hydroxymethyl-4-nitro-1-[4-(1-(tetrazol-5- yl)-1-phenyl)methoxyphenyl]methylimidazole;

2-Butyl-5-hydroxymethyl-4-nitro-1-[4-(1-(tetrazol-5- yl)-1-phenyl)methoxyphenyl]methylimidazole;

5-Carboxy-4-pentafluoroethyl-2-propyl-1-[4-(1-(tetrazol-5-yl)-1-(2-chloro)phenyl)methoxyphenyl]methylimidazole;

5-Carboxy-4-pentafluoroethyl-2-propyl-1-[4-(1-(tetrazol-5-yl)-1-(2-methyl)phenyl)methoxyphenyl]methylimidazole;

5-Carboxy-2-propyl-1-[4-(1-(tetrazol-5-yl)-1-(2,6- dichloro)phenyl)methoxyphenyl]methyl-4-pentafluoroethylimidazole;

5-Carboxy-4-pentafluoroethyl-2-propyl-1-[4-(1-(tetrazol-5-yl)-1-(2-trifluoromethyl)ρhenyl)methoxyphenyl]- methylimidazole;

5-Carboxy-4-pentafluoroethyl-2-propyl-1-[4-(1-(tetrazol-5-yl)-1-(2-methoxy)phenyl)methoxyphenyl]methylimidazole;

5-Carboxy-4-pentafluoroethyl-2-propyl-1-[4-(1-(tetrazol-5-yl)-1-(2-chloro)phenyl)methoxy-3-chlorophenyl]- methylimidazole;

5-Carboxy-4-pentafluoroethyl-2-propyl-1-[4-(1-(tetrazol-5-yl)-1-(2-chloro)phenyl)methoxy-3,5-dichlorophenyl]methylimidazole; 5-Carboxy-4-chloro-2-propyl-1-[4-(1-(tetrazol-5-yl)-1-(2-chloro)phenyl)methoxyphenyl]methylimidazole; 5-Carboxy-4-chloro-2-propyl-1-[4-(1-(tetrazol-5-yl)-1-(2-methyl)phenyl)methoxyphenyl]methylimidazole; 5-Carboxy-4-chloro-2-propyl-1-[4-(1-(tetrazol-5-yl)-1-(2,6-dichloro)phenyl)methoxyphenyl]methylimidazole; 5-Carboxy-4-chloro-2-propyl-1-[4-(1-(tetrazol-5-yl)-1-(2-trifluoromethyl)phenyl)methoxyphenyl]methyl¬imidazole; 5-Carboxy-4-chloro-2-propyl-1-[4-(1-(tetrazol-5-yl)-1-(2-methoxy)phenyl)methoxyphenyl]methylimidazole; 5-carboxy-4-chloro-2-propyl-1-[4-(1-(tetrazol-5-yl)-1- (2-chloro)phenyl)methoxy-3-chlorophenyl]methyl-imidazole; 5-carboxy-4-chloro-2-propyl-1-[4-(1-(tetrazol-5-yl)-1-(2-chloro)phenyl)methoxy-3,5-dichlorophenyl]methyl¬imidazole; 5-Carboxy-4-chloro-1-[4-(1-((N-phenylsulfonyl)carbox-amido)-1-(2-chloro)phenyl)methoxyphenyl]methyl-2-propylimidazole; 5-Carboxy-1-[4-(1-((N-phenylsulfonyl)carboxamido-1-(2-chloro)ρhenyl)methoxyphenyl]methyl)-2-propyl-4-tri¬fluoromethylimidazole; 5-Carboxy-1-[4-(1-carboxy-1-(2-chloro)phenyl)methoxy-phenyl]methyl-2-ρropylimidazole; 5-Carboxy-1-[4-(1-carboxy-1-(2-methyl)phenyl)methoxy-phenyl]methyl-2-ρropylimidazole; 5-Carboxy-1-[4-(1-carboxy-1-(2-trifluoromethyl)-phenyl)methoxyphenyl]methyl-2-propylimidazole; 5-Carboxy-1-[4-(1-carboxy-1-(2-ethyl)phenyl)methoxy-phenyl]methyl-2-propylimidazole; 5-Carbomethoxy-1-[4-(1-carboxy-1-(2-chloro)phenyl)-methoxyphenyl]methyl-2-propylimidazole; 5-Carbomethoxy-1-[4-(1-carboxy-1-(2-methyl)phenyl)-methoxyphenyl]methyl-2-propylimidazole; 5-Carbomethoxy-1-[4-(1-carboxy-1-(2-trifluoromethyl)-phenyl)methoxyphenyl]methyl-2-propylimidazole; 5-Carbomethoxy-1-[4-(1-carboxy-1-(2-ethyl)phenyl)-methoxyphenyl]methyl-2-propylimidazole; 5-Carboxy-1-[4-(1-carbomethoxy-1-(2-chloro)phenyl)-methoxyphenyl]methyl-2-propylimidazole; 5-Carboxy-1-[4-(1-carbomethoxy-1-(2-methyl)phenyl)-methoxyphenyl]methyl-2-propylimidazole; 5-Carboxy-1-[4-(1-carbomethoxy-1-(2-trifluoromethyl)-phenyl)methoxyphenyl]methyl-2-propylimidazole; 5-Carboxy-1-[4-(1-carbomethoxy-1-(2-ethyl)phenyl)- methoxyphenyl]methyl-2-propylimidazole;

5-Carboxy-1-[4-(1-(tetrazol-5-yl)-1-(2-chloro)- phenyl)methoxyphenyl]methyl-2-propylimidazole;

5-Carboxy-1-[4-(1-(tetrazol-5-yl)-1-(2-methyl)phenyl)- methoxyphenyl]methyl-2-propylimidazole;

5-Carboxy-1-[4-(1-(tetrazol-5-yl)-1-(2-trifluoro- methyl)phenyl)methoxyphenyl]methyl-2-propylimidazole;

5-Carboxy-1-[4-(1-(tetrazol-5-yl)-1-(2-ethyl)phenyl)- methoxyphenyl]methyl-2-propylimidazole;

5-Carboxy-1-[4-(1-(N-methylsulfonylcarboxamido)-1-(2- chloro)phenyl)methoxyphenyl]methyl-2-propylimidazole;

5-Carboxy-1-[4-(1-(N-methylsulfonylcarboxamido)-1-(2- methyl)phenyl)methoxyphenyl]methyl-2-propylimidazole;

5-Carboxy-1-[4-(1-(N-methylsulfonylcarboxamido)-1-(2- trifluoromethyl)phenyl)methoxyphenyl]methyl-2-propyl- imidazole;

5-Carboxy-1-[4-(1-(N-methylsulfonylcarboxamido)-1-(2- ethyl)phenyl)methoxyphenyl]methyl-2-propylimidazole;

5-Carbomethoxy-1-[4-(1-(N-methylsulfonylcarboxamido)-

1-(2-chloro)phenyl)methoxyphenyl]methyl-2-propyl- imidazole; 5-Carbomethoxy-1-[4-(1-(N-methylsulfonylcarboxamido)- 1-(2-methyl)phenyl)methoxyphenyl]methyl-2-propyl-imidazole; 5-Carbomethoxy-1-[4-(1-(N-methylsulfonylcarboxamido)- 1-(2-trifluoromethyl)phenyl)methoxyphenyl]methyl-2-propylimidazole; 5-Carbomethoxy-1-[4-(1-(N-methylsulfonylcarboxamido)- 1-(2-ethyl)phenyl)methoxyphenyl]methyl-2-propyl-imidazole; 4-Acetamido-2-butyl-5-carboxy-1-[4-(1-carboxy-1-(2-chloro)phenyl)methoxyphenyl]methylimidazole; 4-Acetamido-2-butyl-5-carboxy-1-[4-(1-carboxy-1-(2-methyl)phenyl)methoxyphenyl]methylimidazole; 4-Acetamido-2-butyl-5-carboxy-1-[4-(1-carboxy-1-(2-trifluoromethyl)phenyl)methoxyphenyl]methylimidazole; 4-Acetamido-2-buty1-5-carboxy-1-[4-(1-carboxy-1-(2-ethyl)phenyl)methoxyphenyl]methylimidazole; 4-(N-Acetyl-N-methyl)amino-2-butyl-5-carboxy-1-[4-(1-carboxy-1-(2-chloro)phenyl)methoxyphenyl]methyl-imidazole; 4-(N-Acetyl-N-methyl)amino-2-butyl-5-carboxy-1-[4-(l-carboxy-1-(2-methyl)phenyl)methoxyphenyl]methyl-imidazole; 4-(N-Acetyl-N-methyl)amino-2-butyl-5-carboxy-1-[4-(1-carboxy-1-(2-trifluoromethyl)phenyl)methoxy-phenyl]methylimidazole; 4-(N-Acetyl-N-methyl)amino-2-butyl-5-carboxy-1-[4-(1-carboxy-1-(2-ethyl)phenyl)methoxyphenyl]methyl-imidazole; 4-(N-Acetyl-N-methyl)amino-2-butyl-5-carboxy-1-[4-(1-carbomethoxy-1-(2-chloro)phenyl)methoxyphenyl]methyl-imidazole; 4-(N-Acetyl-N-methyl)amino-2-butyl-5-carboxy-1-[4-(1-carbomethoxy-1-(2-methyl)phenyl)methoxyphenyl]methyl-imidazole; 4-(N-Acetyl-N-methyl)amino-2-butyl-5-carboxy-1-[4-(1-carbomethoxy-1-(2-trifluoromethyl)phenyl)methoxy-phenyl]methylimidazole; 4-(N-Acetyl-N-methyl)amino-2-butyl-5-carboxy-1-[4-(1-carbomethoxy-1-(2-ethyl)phenyl)methoxyphenyl]methyl-imidazole; 5-Carboxy-4-chloro-1-[4-(1-(N-(2-chloro)phenylsulf¬onyl)carboxamido-1-(2-chloro)phenyl)methoxyphenyl]-methyl-2-propylimidazole; 5-Carboxy-4-chloro-1-[4-(1-(N-phenylsulfonyl)carbox¬amido-1-(2-chloro)phenyl)methoxyphenyl]methyl-2-penta¬fluoroethylimidazole; 5-Carboxy-4-chloro-1-[4-(1-(N-methylsulfonyl)carbox¬amido-1-(2-chloro)phenyl)methoxyphenyl]methyl-2-propylimidazole; 5-Carboxy-4-chloro-1-[4-(1-(N-methylsulfonyl)carbox¬amido-1-(2-chloro)phenyl)methoxyphenyl]methyl-4-chloro-2-pentafluoroethylimidazole; 5-Carboxy-4-chloro-2-propyl-1-[4-(1-(N-trifluoro¬methylsulfonyl)carboxamido-1-(2-chloro)phenyl)methoxy¬phenyl]methylimidazole; 5-Carboxy-4-chloro-2-pentafluoroethyl-1-[4-(1-(N-tri¬fluoromethylsulfonyl)carboxamido-1-(2-chloro)phenyl)-methoxyphenyl]methylimidazole; 5-Carboxy-4-chloro-2-propyl-1-[4-(1-(N-(pyridin-4-yl)-sulfonyl)carboxamido-1-(2-chloro)phenyl)methoxy¬phenyl]methylimidazole; 5-Carboxy-4-chloro-2-pentafluoroethyl-1-[4-(1-(N- (pyridin-4-yl)sulfonyl)carboxamido-1-(2-chloro)-phenyl)methoxyphenyl]methylimidazole.

GENERAL METHODS FOR PREPARATION OF COMPOUNDS OF GENERAL FORMULA I:

The methods described below illustrate the preparation of angiotensin II antagonists of Formula I. There are several general approaches to the synthesis of antagonists of Formula I, and it is taken as a general principle that one or another method may be more readily applicable for the

preparation of a given antagonist; some of the approaches illustrated below may not be readily applicable for the preparation of certain antagonists of Formula I.

It should be recognized that antagonists of Formula I consist of a heterocyclic component

designated above by Formula I and a substituted benzyl substitutent which is attached to the

heterocyclic component at a nitrogen atom. Thus, two generally applicable approaches to antagonists of formula I are these:

1. A substituted imidazole is prepared as described below. Then the imidazole is alkylated at a nitrogen atom with a substituted benzyl halide or pseudohalide giving an alkylated imidazole in the Schemes below, this alkylating agent is often

designated as "ArCH₂-Q where Q is a halide (-Cl,Br,I) or pseudolialide (-OMs, OTs, OTf). In some cases, alkylation may take place at both nitrogen atoms of the imidazole, and in these cases, separation by fractional crystallization or by chromotographic methods may be necessary for isolation of the desired product. In some cases, the alkylation step produces a fully-assembled antagonist of Formula I, except that functional groups in the alkylating agent or in the imidazole may be present in protected form and require deprotection steps to be carried out to complete the synthesis. In other cases, the

alkylation is carried out with a substituted benzylic halide or pseudohalide ("ArCH₂-Q"), but here the alkylation step is followed by subsequent steps which are required to assemble the substituted benzyl element of the antagonist of Formula I. The

alkylation steps and subsequent steps used to prepare antagonists of formula I, are described below.

2. In another approach to antagonists of formula I, a substituted benzyl element is introduced at the beginning of, or during the preparation of the imidazole. Routes of this type are illustrated below. In most cases where this general approach is used, the substituted benzyl component which is introduced during the synthesis of the heterocycle must be subjected to further synthetic

transformations in order to complete the synthesis of the antagonist of Formula I. In the Schemes shown below, this substituted benzyl component is

designated as "-CH₂Ar," and is usually introduced by an alkylation step with a substituted benzyl halide or pseudohalide designated ArCH₂-Q (where Q is, for example, Cl, Br, I, F, OTs, or OMs), or is introduced by a route which starts with a substituted

benzylamine, designated "ArCH₂NH₂". The required substituted benzylamine derivatives may be prepared by standard methods, for example from the substituted benzylic halides or pseudohalides ("Ar-CH₂Q").

Substituted benzyl halides or pseudohalides which are useful in the preparation of alkylated imidazoles described are illustrated by those listed below in Table 1. Substituted benzyl amines which are useful in the preparation of the alkylated heterocycles described are illustrated by those listed below in Table 2. In cases where these benzylic halides, pseudohalides and amines are not commercially available, they are prepared as described below or by standard methods of organic synthesis. Subsequent steps which may be required to complete the synthesis of antagonists of Formula I are described below.

The compounds of this invention maybe resolved using the techniques known in the art. The

diastereomeric salts and esters of the enantiomers are separated and the desired compound is the more active stereoisomer. The compounds of this

invention, their pharmaceutically acceptable salts and their prodrug forms are included within the scope of this invention.

Abreviations used in schemes and examples are listed in Table 3.

TABLE 3

Reagents

NBS N-bromosuccinimide

AIBN Azo(bis)isobutyronitrile

DDQ Dichlorodicyanoquinone

Ac₂O acetic anhydride

TEA triethylamine

DMAP 4-dimethylaminopyridine

PPh₃ triphenylphosphine

TFA trifluroacetic acid

TMS-Cl trimethylsilyl chloride

Im imidazole

AcSK potassium thioacetate p-TsOH p-toluenesulfonic acid

DIPEA Diisopropylethylamine

TBS-Cl Tributylsilyl chloride

TBAF tetrabutylammonium fluoride

TMSCN trimethylsilyl cyanide

Solvents:

DMF dimethylformamide

HOAc (AcOH) acetic acid

EtOAc (EtAc) ethyl acetate

Hex hexane

THF tetrahydrofuran

DMSO dimethylsulfoxide MeOH methanol

iPrOH isopropanol

HMPA hexamethylphosphoramide

Others:

Phe phenylalanine

rt room temperature

TBDMS t-butyIdimethylsily1

OTf OSO₂CF₃

Ph phenyl

FAB-MS (FSBMS) Fast atom bombardment mass spectroscopy

NOE Nuclear Overhauser Effect

SiO₂ silica gel

trityl triphenyImethyl

Bn benzyl

PART I: Preparation of the imidazoles of Formula I

The imidazoles required in for alkylation to the substituted benzyl element can be prepared by a number of methods well known in the literature including those described in EPO publications 253,310 and 324,377 by DuPont and EPO publication by Merck 401,030. PART II: Preparation os substituted benzyl

derivatives of the general Formula I

The synthesis of Angiotensin II Antagonists incorporating a substituted benzyl group as shown in Formula I may be accomplished by reactions in the presence of a base of an imidazole with a benzylic compound bearing a good leaving group, and the appropriate substituents R⁹, R¹⁰, R¹¹, R¹², X, Y and Z as shown in Formula I. Alternatively, compounds with structures according to Formula I may also be synthesized in stages from a benzyl-substituted imidazole which contains the substituents R⁹, R10 and X, followed by reaction with an intermediate (such as a substituted alpha-bromophenylacetic ester) which introduces the substituents at R¹¹, R¹² and Z.

Examples of this latter methodology in which a benzyl-substituted heterocyclic intermediate is prepared first, and then elaborated to afford

compounds with structures described by Formula I, are shown in the Schemes II-1, II-2 and II-3. The preparation of compound 5 of Formula I wherein: B= a single bond, R⁹, R¹⁰ and R¹¹ are H, X= 0, Y= a single bond, Z= CO₂H and R¹²= phenyl appears in Scheme

II-l. Deprotonation of a substituted imidazole with strong bases such as sodium hydride or potassium tert-butoxide in DMF for a period of 1-24 hours at temperatures of 20-100°C, followed by alkylation with 4-benzyloxybenzyl chloride affords the protected ether 2. The benzyl ether is next removed by

hydrogenolysis using hydrogen and an appropriate catalyst such as Pd/C, Pd(OH)₂/C or Pt/C which affords the intermediate phenol 3. The phenolic proton is then abstracted, and the phenolate is alkylated with methyl 2-bromophenylacetate to furnish ester 4. Finally, the ester is hydrolyzed and the free acid 5 is obtained.

SCHEME II-1

The synthesis of compound 10 of Formula I wherein: B= a single bond, R⁹, R¹⁰ and R¹¹ are H, X= 0, Y= a single bond, Z= CO₂H and R¹²= phenyl is presented in Scheme II-2 . Deprotonation of a substituted imidazole (6) with sodium hydride in DMF, followed by treatment with 4-benzyloxybenzyl chloride gives compound 7. The benzyl ether is removed by hydrogenolysis to give the phenol 8, which is then deprotonated with potassium hydride and 18-crown-6 in DMF and alkylated with methyl 2-bromophenylacetate to give the ester 9. Basic hydrolysis of 9 gives the free acid 10. Alkylation of the phenol 8 with substituted 2-bromophenylacetic esters, followed by ester hydrolysis leads to compounds of Formula I where R¹² is a substituted phenyl group.

SCHEME II-2

The synthesis of compound 15 of Formula I wherein:B= a single bond, R⁹, R¹⁰ and R¹¹ are H, X= 0, Y= a single bond, Z= CO₂H and R¹²= 2-methylphenyl is shown in Scheme II-3. Deprotonation of imidazole (11) with a strong base such as sodium hydride in DMF, followed by treatment with 4-benzyloxybenzyl chloride produces the ether 12. The benzyl ether is removed by hydrogenolysis to give the phenol 13, which is then deprotonated with potassium hydride and 18-crown-6 in DMF and alkylated with methyl

2-bromo-2'-methylphenylacetate to give the ester 14. Alkaline hydrolysis of 14 gives the free acid 15. Reaction of the phenol 13 with other substituted alpha-bromophenylacetic esters followed by alkaline hydrolysis leads to additional derivatives in this imidazole series.

Substituted 2-bromophenylacetic esters are typically employed in the synthesis of compounds of general Formula I when it is desired that R¹² be a substituted phenyl group, R¹¹ is hydrogen, Y is a single bond and Z is a carboxylic acid. These substituted 2-bromophenylacetic esters are readily prepared from substituted phenyl acetic acids (16) by a Hell-Volhard-Zelinsky reaction as shown in Scheme II-4. Alternatively, substituted 2-bromophenylacetic esters may also be obtained from benzaldehydes (18) as shown in Scheme II-5. Reaction of the substituted benzaldehydes (18) with trimethylsilyl cyanide affords the trimethylsilyl-cyanohydrins 19.

Treatment of 19 with acidic ethanol produces the hydroxy esters 20, and subsequent reaction with carbon tetrabromide and triphenylphosphine provides the substituted 2-bromophenylacetic esters 17.

SCHEME II-4

SCHEME II-5

The synthesis of Angiotensin II Antagonists incorporating a substituted benzyl element defined by Formula I may also be accomplished by the alkylation reaction of an imidazole with a benzylic intermediate bearing a good leaving group, and with all of the appropriate substituents R⁹, R¹⁰ , R¹¹, R¹², X, Y and Z in place. This approach, which is generally preferred when either R⁹ or R¹⁰ are non-hydrogen, is illustrated in Scheme II-6. Deprotonation of

p-cresol (21) with strong bases such as potassium hydride or potassium tert-butoxide in DMF and

alkylation with methyl 2-bromo-2-phenylacetate gives the ether 22. Bromination of 22 at the benzylic methyl group with N-bromosuccinimide gives the alkylating agent 23. Deprotonation of imidazole (11) with sodium hydride in DMF, followed by reaction with bromide 23, and subsequent ester hydrolysis provides the acid 24. SCHEME II-6

A strategy similar to that of Scheme II-6 is applied when substitution at R¹¹ is desired as shown in Scheme II-7. Intermediate ethers such as 22 in Scheme II-6 are deprotonated with strong bases such as lithium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide in THF and can then be reacted with an alkylating agent such as an alkyl halide or mesylate. In this case, reaction of the anion derived from ether 22 with methyl iodide affords the alkylated product 25. Reaction of 25 with N-bromosuccinimide gives bromide 26, which is in turn used for alkylation of the imidazole. Scheme II-7 illustrates the alkylation of imidazole 6 with bromide 26 which after ester hydrolysis affords acid 27. SCHEME II-7

The synthesis of compound 32 of Formula I wherein: B= a single bond, R⁹, R¹⁰ and R¹¹ are H, X= 0, Y= CH₂, Z= CO₂H and R¹²= phenyl is shown in Scheme II-8. In this example, p-hydroxybenzyl alcohol (28) is selectively alkylated at the phenolic hydroxyl group with methyl bromoacetate when they are refluxed with potassium carbonate in acetone. After the remaining hydroxyl group is protected as a

tert-butyldimethylsilylether, this ether (29) may then be deprotonated with a strong base such as potassium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide and reacted with an alkylating agent in a manner similar to that shown for intermediate 22 in Scheme II-7. Alkylation of ether 29 with benzyl bromide provides 30. Silylether hydrolysis of 30 and bromination of the resulting alcohol affords an alkylating agent (31) which is then used to alkylate the imidazole. Alkylation of the anion derived from imidazole 11, followed by ester hydrolysis affords the acid 32 shown in Scheme II-8.

SCHEME II-8

Scheme II-9 illustrates the preparation of an antagonist of Formula I wherein: B= a single bond, R⁹, R¹⁰ and R¹¹ are H, X is a single bond, Y= 0, Z= CO₂H and, R¹²= phenyl. In this example, the Hell-Volhard-Zelinsky reaction converts

4'-methylphenylacetic acid (33) to the alpha-bromoester 34, which is in turn reacted with the potassium salt of phenol to yield 35. Benzylic bromination of 35 provides alkylating agent 36 which is then reacted with an imidazole. When the sodium salt of imidazole 6 is alkylated with the bromide 36 in DMF, ester 37 is obtained. Alkaline hydrolysis of ester 37 then provides acid 38.

SCHEME II-9

Schemes 11-10 and 11-11 illustrate the preparation of analogs where B= a single bond, R⁹ and RN10 are H, Y= a single bond, R¹² is phenyl, Z= CO2H and X is either methyne or methylene. A

Reformatsky reaction is first employed to prepare methyl 3-hydroxy-3-(4-methylphenyl)-2-phenyl- propanoate (39) from the starting materials shown in Scheme II-10. When heated in the presence of

p-toluenesulfonic acid in benzene 39 is dehydrated to the trans-stilbene derivative 40, and then benzylic bromination of 40 gives the alkylating agent 41.

Deprotonation of heterocycle 6 with sodium hydride in DMF and treatment with 41 gives ester 42. Alkaline hydrolysis of 42 affords the product 43, in which X is a methyne group (R¹¹ is absent) doubly bonded to the carbon atom bearing substituents R¹² and Z as shown in Scheme II-11. Catalytic hydrogenation of 43 gives the derivative 44 where X is a methylene group and R¹¹ is a hydrogen atom (Scheme II-11).

SCHEME II-10

SCHEME II-11

The synthesis of compound 47 of Formula I which has the same substituents as compound 10

(Scheme II-2) with the exception that Z is a

tetrazol-5-yl group, is illustrated in Scheme II-12, Exposure of ester 9 to excess ammonia in methanol produces the corresponding amide which is then dehydrated with phosphorous oxychloride and

triethylamine to give the nitrile 45. Reaction of the nitrile 45 with trimethylstannyl azide in refluxing toluene provides the tetrazole derivative 46.

SCHEME II-12

Scheme II-13 illustrates the preparation of a tetrazole analog (52) similar to structure 46 wherein R¹² is a 2-chlorophenyl group. In this synthesis, the ester group of intermediate 47 is converted to a nitrile prior to alkylating a

substituted imidazole (Part I) with this substituted benzyl element. Thus, reaction of ester 47 with ammonia in methanol, followed by dehydration of amide 48 produces nitrile 49. Benzylic bromination affords 50, which is then reacted with the sodium salt of heterocycle 6 in DMF to give intermediate 51.

Finally, reaction of nitrile 51 with trimethylstannyl azide in refluxing toluene gives the tetrazole 52 shown in Scheme II-13.

SCHEME II-13

The preparation of a derivative of Formula I analogous to tetrazole 47 (Scheme II-12) which has a methylene group for the X substituent, is shown in Scheme II-15. In this synthesis, phenylacetonitrile is deprotonated with lithium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide and then alkylated with bromide 53 (preparation of bromide 53 is shown in Scheme II-14) to yield nitrile 54. The silylether group in compound 54 is directly converted to the bromide 55 by treatment with carbon tetrabromide, triphenylphosphine and acetone in dichloromethane (Mattes, H.; Benezra, C. Tetrahedron Lett., 1987, 1697). Alkylation of the sodium salt of imidazole 6 with bromide 55, followed by reaction of 56 with trimethylstannyl azide in refluxing toluene, yields the tetrazole 57.

SCHEME II-14

SCHEME II-15

Scheme II-16 illustrates the preparation of a derivative of Formula I where B is a single bond, R⁹, R¹⁰ and R¹¹ are H, X= 0, Y= a single bond, R¹² is 2-methylphenyl, and Z is a phosphonic acid group. Reaction of o-tolualdehyde (58) with

dimethylphosphite in the presence of triethylamine affords the phosphonate ester 59. Bromination of the hydroxyl group of 59 with carbon tetrabromide and triphenylphosphine in dichloromethane gives bromide 60. Deprotonation of p-hydroxybenzyl alcohol with sodium hydride in DMF followed by addition of bromide 60 affords intermediate 61. A second bromination reaction (CBr₄, PPh₃, CH₂Cl₂) converts alcohol 61 to the bromide 62 which is then used to alkylate the imidazole. Scheme II-16 illustrates the case where the anion of imidazole 11 is reacted with bromide 62 to give upon workup, the phosphonate mono-ester 63. Phosphonic acid 64 may be obtained by treatment of ester 63 with trimethylsilyl bromide.

SCHEME II-16

The synthesis of a derivative of Formula I where Z is an acyl-sulfonamide group is illustrated in Scheme II-17. Alkylation of the anion derived from heterocycle 11 with bromide 65 (synthesis described in Example 28 of the experimental section) and alkaline hydrolysis of the resulting ester (66) affords the acid 67. Reaction of acid 67 with

1,1'-carbonyldiimidazole in THF at elevated

temperatures gives an acylimidazolide which may be reacted with a sulfonamide (benzenesulfonamide in this example) and DBU in THF to provide the target compound (68) where Z is the acyl-sulfonaaide group.

SCHEME II-17

Precursors for the synthesis of All

Antagonists incorporating a substituted benzyl element wherein either substituents R⁹ or R¹⁰ _are non-hydrogen include substituted p-cresols (Scheme II-6), 4-hydroxybenzyl alcohols,

4-hydroxybenzaldehydes, 4-hydroxybenzoic acids and their esters as shown in Schemes II-18 thru II-20.

Commercially available benzyl alcohols such as 3-chloro-4-hydroxy-5-methoxybenzyl alcohol may be selectively alkylated by alpha-bromophenylacetic esters when they are refluxed together in the

presence of bases such as anhydrous potassium

carbonate, giving 2-phenoxyesters like 69 shown in Scheme II-18. Conversion of the benzyl alcohol group in 69 to a bromide (CBr₄, PPh₃, CH₂Cl₂) affords an alkylating agent (70). An imidazole is then

alkylated with bromide 70; hydrolysis of the

intermediate ester affords 71. Alternatively, the imidazole may be directly coupled with benzyl alcohols like 69 using Mitsunobu reaction conditions (diethyl azodicarboxylate, PPh₃, THF). Again, hydrolysis of the resulting ester completes the synthesis.

SCHEME II-18

Scheme II-19 illustrates the use of

commercially available 3-ethoxy-4-hydroxybenzaldehyde (72) to prepare an All Antagonist of Formula I bearing a 3-ethoxy group (R⁹) on the substituted benzyl element. Alkylation of the phenolic group of 72 with methyl 2-bromophenylacetate gives the aldehyde 73 which is then reduced to a benzyl alcohol with sodium borohydride in methanol or ethanol. The alcohol is converted to the bromide 74, and the synthesis of product 75 is completed as previously described.

SCHEME II-19

Substituted 4-hydroxybenzoic esters are also convenient precursors for the synthesis of the substituted benzyl element defined in All Antagonists of Formula I. In this approach, the phenolic

hydroxyl group is usually first protected with a suitable protecting group, the ester is then reduced to a hydroxymethyl group, and deprotection affords a 4-hydroxybenzyl alcohol derivative. Scheme II-20 illustrates the preparation of derivative 80 using this sequence starting from methyl 3,5-dichloro- 4-hydroxybenzoate (76). Silylation of phenol 76 followed in turn by lithium aluminum hydride

reduction of the ester and silylether deprotection affords 3,5-dichloro-4-hydroxybenzyl alcohol (77). Phenol 77 was then selectively alkylated with methyl 2-bromophenylacetate, and the synthesis of derivative 80 was completed using the previously described methods.

SCHEME II-20

A variety of 2-substituted phenols are selectively carboxylated when refluxed with carbon tetrachloride, 50% aqueous sodium hydroxide and powdered copper (European Patent Application

#193,853, 10-Sept-86) to afford the corresponding substituted 4-hydroxybenzoic acids. This reaction may be added to the synthetic sequence when it is convenient to derive the desired substituent on the benzyl portion of the target All Antagonist from a readily available 2-substituted phenol. This strategy is illustrated for the preparation of derivative 84 shown in Scheme II-21. Carboxylation of 2-ethylphenol provides 3-ethyl-4-hydroxybenzoic acid (81). Acid 81 is then esterified, silylated, reduced and desilylated to give the 3-ethyl-4- hydroxybenzyl alcohol 82. Alcohol 82 may then be used to complete the synthesis of All Antagonist 84 shown in Scheme II-21 using the previously discussed methodology.

SCHEME II-21

The Claisen rearrangement of phenyl-allylethers offers another useful technique for the introduction of alkyl substitutents (R⁹ or R¹⁰) at the meta position of the substituted benzyl element. In Scheme II-22, Claisen rearrangement at 185°C of allyl ether 85 provides the allylphenol 86. Silylation of this phenol (86), followed by reduction of the ester group and bromination leads to the benzyl bromide 87. Alkylation of the imidazole 11, followed by silylether removal gives intermediates related to 88. Alkylation of 88 with methyl

2-bromophenylacetate followed by alkaline hydrolysis gives a derivative of Formula I (89) wherein R⁹ is a meta-allyl group. Hydrogenation of intermediate 88 followed by the same sequence provides derivative 90 where R⁹ is the meta-propyl group as shown in Scheme II-22.

SCHEME II-22

The Claisen rearrangement strategy for the introduction of a meta-alkyl substituent onto the substituted benzyl element of an All Antagonist of Formula I may be exercised twice when it is desired that both R⁹ and R¹⁰ be meta-alkyl substituents. Thus, allyl phenol 86 may be converted to its

O-allylether and subjected to a second Claisen rearrangement to provide the phenol (91) shown in Scheme II-23. Silylation of phenol 91, followed by catalytic hydrogenation and reduction of the ester group with lithium aluminum hydride gives the benzyl alcohol 92. A Mitsunobu reaction of the benzyl alcohol 92 with a heterocyle (11) described in Part I, followed by silylether deprotection gives an intermediate related to 93. The phenolic hydroxyl group of 93 may then be alkylated with a substituted alpha-bromoester and the ester hydrolyzed to yield the acid 94 in which R⁹ and R¹⁰ are meta-propyl groups as shown in Scheme II-23 and Example 52.

SCHEME II-23

The synthesis of compounds of Formula I wherein: B= a single bond, R⁹, R¹⁰ and R¹¹ are H, Y= a single bond, Z= CO₂H R¹²= phenyl, and X= NR, are presented in the following two Schemes. To access these analogs, an imidazole (ie. 11) defined in Part I is alkylated with p-nitrobenzyl bromide to yield nitro compounds such as 95 in Scheme II-24.

Catalytic hydrogenation of the nitro group provides an aniline derivative (96) which is then alkylated by an alpha-bromoester. The ester 97 is subsequently hydrolyzed to afford a derivative of Formula I (98) where X= NH.

SCHEME II-24

The preparation of All Antagonists of

Formula I similar to 98 in Scheme II-24 but having X= NR may be accomplished by methodology shown in Scheme II-25. The substituted aniline (96) presented above, is readily converted to the N-tert-butylcarbamate (BOC) 99. Carbamates such as 99 may be deprotonated at the amide nitrogen atom when reacted with bases such as sodium hydride in DMF, and then reacted with an alkyl halide. Subsequent treatment of the

intermediate with trifluoroacetic acid removes the BOC group providing the mono-alkylated aniline derivative 100. The aniline nitrogen in 100 may be deprotonated again with sodium hydride in DMF and alkylated a second time with a substituted

alpha-bromoester to provide esters such as 101.

Alternatively, the order of introduction of the substituents on the nitrogen atom may be reversed. Intermediate 97 (Scheme II-24) may also be

deprotonated by strong bases such as lithium

bis(trimethylsilyl)amide in THF and then reacted wihh an alkyl halide to yield similar products (101).

Ester 101 prepared by either synthetic route, is then hydrolyzed to afford the targeted All Antagonists (102) of Formula I where X= NR.

SCHEME II-25

Scheme II-26 describes the preparation of the intermediate aldehyde 104. The synthetic routes to 2,4,5-trisubstituted imidazoles are described in DuPont applications (EPO 0324377 and 0253310) and Merck application EPO 0401030 and are hereby

incorporated by reference. The imidazole

substituents are suitably protected as exemplified by the use of the t-butyldimethylsilyl group. The deprotonation of the protected imidazole with sodium hydride and alkylation of the salt with the

appropriate methyl 4-bromomethylbenzoate gives the tetrasubstituted imidazole 103. An alkyl metal hydride reduction gives the benzylalcohol which undergoes a Swern oxidation to aldehyde 104.

SCHEME II-26

SCHEME II-27

R¹ is n-butyl _{2 3}

B is a single bond

R³ is CH₂O-TBDMS

R⁹ and R¹⁰ are hydrogen

TBDMS is a t-butyldirrethylsilyl group Scheme II-27 describes the reductive

amination of the aldehyde with both the D- and L- phenylalanine methyl ester to give adducts 105 and 106 respectively. Further elaboration of adduct 105 by acylation with valeroyl chloride, dihydrocinnamoyl chloride and phenylacetyl chloride is described in Scheme II-28. The acylation of adduct 105 with valeroyl chloride is also shown. The amides formed were desilylated and hydrolyzed to the acids.

SCHEME II-28

The synthesis of the benzylphenylalanine methyl ester is described in Scheme II-29. The imine is formed by treating phenylalanine methyl ester with benzaldehyde followed by deprotonation with lithium hexamethyldisilazide to generate the anion and alkylation with benzylbromide to give

1-benzylphenylalanine methyl ester 115.

SCHEME II-29

Scheme II-30 describes the reductive amination of the aldehyde 104 with the amino acid 115 using sodium cyanoborohydride in ethanol. The adduct formed compound 116 was desilylated using

tetrabutylammonium fluoride and hydrolyzed to the acid with base to give the free acid 118. SCHEME II-30

SCHEME II-31

The synthesis of a tetrazole containing hybrid described in Scheme II-31 was accomplished using the intermediate aldehyde 104. The imine is formed with benzylamine and addition of trimethyl silyl cyanide to give the cyano-benzylamine adduct

119. Acylation of 119 with valeroyl chloride to give the amide 120. A 1,3-dipolar addition of

trimethylstannyl azide to the cyano group followed by the treatment with HCl gives the tetrazole adduct 121.

SCHEME II-32

The synthesis of a substituted benzyl phenyl ester is described in Scheme II-32. The protected substituted imidazole was deprotonated with NaH and alkylated with 4-benzyloxybenzyl chloride to give the 1-substituted and 3-substituted imidazole. The

3-substituted imidazole was hydrogenolyzed to the free hydroxyl, which is deprotonated and alkylated with methyl 2-bromo-2-phenylacetate to give the ether 124. The silyl ether was removed with fluoride and hydrolysis of the ester group with base and

protonation of the salt with acid to give the desired inhibitor compound 125.

SCHEME II-33

SCHEME II-33

The o-chloro analog was prepared using similar synthetic procedures and is shown in Scheme II-33. The order of those steps were altered. The substituted phenyl benzyl ether was prepared first and then used to alkylate the substituted imidazole. 2-[1-(2-chlorophenyl)] acetic acid 126 was treated with thionyl chloride to generate the acid chloride, bromination to prepare the 2-bromo 2-[1-2-chlorophenyl]acetylchloride and esterification with methanol to generate methyl 2-bromo-2[1-(2'-chlorophenyl)]- acetate 128. Deprotonation of p-cresol and

alkylation with the bromide 127 gave the phenyl benzyl ether 127. The bromination of 128 gave the benzylbromide 129. The deprotonation of the

imidazole and alkylation with 129 gives the protected inhibitor 130. Hydrolysis of 130 with base is KOH and acidification with HCl gives the desired

inhibitor 131.

Scheme II-34 describes the preparation of the benzophenone derivative 137.

4-Methylbenzophenone 132 is halogenated with

N-bromosuccinimide and a catalytic

amount of AIBN to give the 4-bromomethyl derivative 133. Deprotonation of the imidazole with sodium hydride in DMF alkylation with the bromide 133 gives the imidazole substituted benzophenone 134.

Treatment of 134 with trimethysilylcyanide and potassium cyanide in methylene chloride with a catalytic amount of 18-crown-6 gives the cyano silyloxy adduct 135. The cyano group undergoes a 1,3- dipolar cycloaddition of the azide to give the methylene substituted with tertiary alcohol and tetrazole 136. The deprotection of the

t-butyldimethylsilyloxy group with 6N HCl in THF to give the compound 137. SCHEME II-34

SCHEME II-35

SCHEME II-36

Compounds of Formula I where Z is -CONHSO₂R²⁰ (where R²⁰ is alkyl, aryl, or heteroaryl) may be prepared from the corresponding carboxylic acid derivatives of Formula I can be converted into the corresponding acid chloride by treatment with

refluxing thionyl chloride or preferably with oxalyl chloride and a catalytic amount of dimethylformamide at low temperature (A. W. Burgstahler, L. 0. Weigel, and C. G. Shaefer, Synthesis, 767, (1976)). The acid chloride then can be treated with the alkali metal salt of R²⁰SO₂NH₂ to form the desired acylsulfonamide 143. Alternatively, these acylsulfonamides may be also prepared from the carboxylic acids using

N,N-diphenylcarbamoyl anhydride intermediates (F. J. Brown, et. al., European Patent Application. EP

199,543, K. L. Shepard and W. Halczenko, J. Het.

Chem., 16, 321 (1979). Preferrably the carboxylic acids can be converted into acylimidazole

intermediates, which then can be treated with an appropriate aryl or alkylsulfonamide and

diazabicycloundecane (DBU) to give the desired

acylsulfonamide 45 (J. T. Drummond and G. Johnson, Tetrahedron Lett., 29, 1653 (1988)). SCHEME II-37

* Alternate Methods: a) (i) SOCl₂, reflux (ii) R²⁰SO₂NH-M⁺ (where M is Na or Li)

b) (i) (COCl)₂, DMF, -20°C; (ii) R²⁰SO₂NH-M⁺ c) (i) N-(N,N-Diphenylcarbamoyl)pyridinium chloride, aq. NaOH; (ii) R²⁰SO₂NH-M⁺

The compounds of this invention form salts with various inorganic and organic acids and bases which are also within the scope of the invention. Such salts include ammonium salts, alkali metal salts like sodium and potassium salts, alkaline earth metal salts like the calcium and magnesium salts, salts with organic bases; e.g., dicyclohexylamine salts, N-methyl-D-glucamine, salts with amino acids like arginine, lysine, and the like. Also, salts with organic and inorganic acids may be prepared; e.g., HCl, HBr, H₂SO₄, H₃PO₄, methane-sulfonic,

toluenesulfonic, maleic, fumaric, camphorsulfonic. The non-toxic, physiologically, acceptable salts are preferred, although other salts are also useful;

e.g., in isolating or purifying the product.

The salts can be formed by conventional means such as by reacting the free acid or free base forms of the product with one or more equivalents of the appropriate base or acid in a solvent or medium in which the salt is insoluble, or in a solvent such as water which is then removed in vacuo or by

freeze-drying or by exchanging the cations of

anexisting salt for another cation on a suitable ion exchange resin.

Angiotensin II (All) is a powerful arterial vasoconstrictor, and it exerts its action by

interacting with specific receptors present on cell membranes. The compounds described in the present invention act as competitive antagonists of All at the receptors. In order to identify All antagonists and determine their efficacy in vitro, the following two ligand-receptor binding assays were established. Receptor binding assay using rabbit aortae membrane preparation

Three frozen rabbit aortae (obtained from Pel-Freeze Biologicals) were suspended in 5 mM

Tris-0.25M Sucrose, pH 7.4 buffer (50 mL) homogenized, and then centrifuged. The mixture was filtered through a cheesecloth and the supernatant was

centrifuged for 30 minutes at 20,000 rpm at 4°C. The pellet thus obtained was resuspended in 30 mL of 50 mM Tris-5 mM MgCl₂ buffer containing 0.2% Bovine

Serum Albumin and 0.2 mg/mL Bacitracin and the

suspension was used for 100 assay tubes. Samples tested for screening were done in duplicate. To the membrane preparation (0.25 mL) there was added

1²⁵I-Sar¹lle⁸-angiotensin II [obtained from New

England Nuclear] (10 mL; 20,000 cpm) with or without the test sample and the mixture was incubated at 37°C for 90 minutes. The mixture was then diluted with ice-cold 50 mM Tris-0.97. NaCl, pH 7.4 (4 mL) and filtered through a glass fiber filter (GF/B Whatman 2.4" diameter). The filter was soaked in

scintillation cocktail (10 mL) and counted for

radioactivity using Packard 2660 Tricarb liquid scintillation counter. The inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) of potential All antagonist which gives 50% displacement of the total specifically bound

1²⁵l-Sar¹Ile⁸-angiotensin II was presented as a measure of the efficacy of such compounds as All antagonists. Receptor assay using Bovine adrenal cortex

preparation

Bovine adrenal cortex was selected as the source of All receptor. Weighed tissue (0.1 g is needed for 100 assay tubes) was suspended in Tris HCl (50 mM), pH 7.7 buffer and homogenized. The

homogenate was centrifuged at 20,000 rpm for 15 minutes. Supernatant was discarded and pellets resuspended in buffer [Na₂HPO₄ (10 mM)-NaCl (120 mM)-disodium EDTA (5 mM) containing phenylmethane sulfonyl fluoride (PMSF)(0.1 mM)]. (For screening of compounds, generally duplicates of tubes are used). To the membrane preparation (0.5 mL) there was added 3H-angiotensin II (50 mM) (10 mL) with or without the test sample and the mixture was incubated at 37°C for 1 hour. The mixture was then diluted with Tris buffer (4 mL) and filtered through a glass fiber filter (GF/B Whatman 2.4" diameter). The filter was soaked in scintillation cocktail (10 mL) and counted for radioactivity using Packard 2660 Tricarb liquid scintillation counter. The inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) of potential All antagonist which gives 50% displacement of the total specifically bound

%-angiotensin II was presented as a measure of the efficacy of such compounds as All antagonists.

The potential antihypertensive effects of the compounds described in the present invention may be evaluated using the methodology described below: Male Charles River Sprague-Dawley rats (300-375 gm) were anesthetized with methohexital (Brevital; 50 mg/kg i.p.) and the trachea was cannulated with PE 205 tubing. A stainless steel pithing rod (1.5 mm thick, 150 mm long) was inserted into the orbit of the right eye and down the spinal column. The rats were immediately placed on a Harvard Rodent

Ventilator (rate - 60 strokes per minute, volume - 1.1 cc per 100 grams body weight). The right carotid artery was ligated, both left and right vagal nerves were cut, and the left carotid artery was cannulated with PE 50 tubing for drug administration, and body temperature was maintained at 37°C by a thermostatically controlled heating pad which received input from a rectal temperature probe. Atropine (1 mg/kg i.v.) was then administered, and 15 minutes later propranolol (1 mg/kg i.v.). Thirty minutes later angiotensin II or other agonists were administered intravenously at 30 minute intervals and the increase in the diastolic blood pressure was recorded before and after drug or vehicle administration.

Using the methodology described above, representative compounds of the invention were evaluated and found to exhibit an activity of at least IC₅₀ < 50 mM thereby demonstrating and

confirming the utility of the compounds of the invention as effective All antagonists.

Thus, the compounds of the invention are useful in treating hypertension. They are also of value in the management of acute and chronic

congestive heart failure, in the treatment of

secondary hyperaldosteronism, primary and secondary pulmonary hyperaldosteronism, primary and secondary pulmonary hypertension, renal failure and renal vascular hypertension, and in the management of vascular disorders such as migraine or Raynaud's disease. The application of the compounds of this invention for these and similar disorders will be apparent to those skilled in the art.

The compounds of this invention are also useful to treat elevated intraocular pressure and can be administered to patients in need of such treatment with typical pharmaceutical formulations such as tablets, capsules, injectables, as well as topical ocular formulations in the form of solutions, ointments, inserts, gels and the like.

Pharmaceutical formulations prepared to treat intraocular pressure would typically contain about 0.1% to 15% by weight, and preferably 0.5% to 2.0% by weight of a compound of this invention.

In the management of hypertension and the clinical conditions noted above, the compounds of this invention may be utilized in compositions such as tablets, capsules or elixirs for oral administration, suppositories for rectal administration, sterile solutions or suspensions for parenteral or intramuscular administration, and the like. The compounds of this invention can be administered to patients (animals and human) in need of such

treatment in dosages that will provide optimal pharmaceutical efficacy. Although the dose will vary from patient to patient depending upon the nature and severity of disease, the patient's weight, special diets then being followed by a patient, concurrent medication, and other factors which those skilled in the art will recognize, the dosage range will

generally be about 1 to 1000 mg per patient per day which can be administered in single or multiple doses. Perferably, the dosage range will be about 2.5 to 250 mg per patient per day; more preferably about 2.5 to 75 mg per patient per day.

The compounds of this invention can also be administered in combination with other antihypertensives and/or diuretics and/or angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and/or calcium channel blockers.

For example, the compounds of this invention can be given in combination with such compounds as amiloride, atenolol, bendroflumethiazide, chlorothalidone, chlorothiazide, clonidine, cryptenamine acetates and cryptenamine tannates, deserpidine, diazoxide,

guanethidene sulfate, hydralazine hydrochloride, hydrochlorothiazide, metolazone, metoprolol tartate, methyclothiazide, methyldopa, methyldopate hydrochloride, minoxidil, pargyline hydrochloride,

polythiazide, prazosin, propranolol, rauwolfia

serpentina, rescinnamine, reserpine, sodium

nitroprusside, spironolactone, timolol maleate, trichlormethiazide, trimethophan camsylate,

benzthiazide, quinethazone, ticrynafan, triamterene, acetazolamide, aminophylline, cyclothiazide,

ethacrynic acid, furosemide, merethoxylline procaine, sodium ethacrynate, captopril, delapril hydrochloride, enalapril, enalaprilat, fosinopril sodium, lisinopril, pentopril, quinapril hydrochloride, ramapril,

teprotide, zofenopril calcium, diflunisal, diltiazem, felodipine, nicardipine, nifedipine, niludipine, nimodipine, nisoldipine, nitrendipine, and the like, as well as admixtures and combinations thereof. Typically, the individual daily dosages for these combinations can range from about one-fifth of the minimally recommended clinical dosages to the maximum recommended levels for the entities when they are given singly.

To illustrate these combinations, one of the angiotensin II antagonists of this invention

effective clinically in the 2.5-250 milligrams per day range can be effectively combined at levels at the 0.5-250 milligrams per day range with the

following compounds at the indicated per day dose range: hydrochlorothiazide (15-200 mg), chlorothiazide (125-2000 mg), ethacrynic acid (15-200 mg), amiloride (5-20 mg), furosemide (5-80 mg), propranolol (20-480 mg), timolol maleate (5-60 mg), methyldopa (65-2000 mg), felodipine (5-60 mg), nifedipine (5-60 mg), and nitrendipine (5-60 mg). In addition, triple drug combinations of hydrochlorothiazide (15-200 mg) plus miloride (5-20 mg) plus angiotensin II antagonist of this invention (3-200 mg) or hydrochlorothiazide

(15-200 mg) plus timolol maleate (5-60) plus an angiotensin II antagonist of this invention (0.5-250 mg) or hydrochlorothiazide (15-200 mg) and nifedipine (5-60 mg) plus an angiotensin II antagonist of this invention (0.5-250 mg) are effective combinations to control blood pressure in hypertensive patients.

Naturally, these dose ranges can be adjusted on a unit basis as necessary to permit divided daily dosage and, as noted above, the dose will vary

depending on the nature and severity of the disease, weight of patient, special diets and other factors. Typically, these combinations can be

formulated into pharmaceutical compositions as discussed below.

About 1 to 100 mg of compound or mixture of compounds of Formula I or a physiologically

acceptable salt is compounded with a physiologically acceptable vehicle, carrier, excipient, binder, preservative, stabilizer, flavor, etc., in a unit dosage form as called for by accepted pharmaceutical practice. The amount of active substance in these compositions or preparations is such that a suitable dosage in the range indicated is obtained.

Illustrative of the adjuvants which can be incorporated in tablets, capsules and the like are the following: a binder such as gum tragacanth, acacia, corn starch or gelatin; an excipient such as microcrystalline cellulose; a disintegrating agent such as corn starch, pregelatinized starch, alginic acid and the like; a lubricant such as magnesium stearate; a sweetening agent such as sucrose, lactose or saccharin; a flavoring agent such as peppermint, oil of wintergreen or cherry. When the dosage unitform is a capsule, it may contain, in addition to materials of the above type, a liquid carrier such as fatty oil. Various other materials may be present as coatings or to otherwise modify the physical form of the dosage unit. For instance, tablets may be coated with shellac, sugar or both. A syrup or elixir may contain the active compound, sucrose as a sweetening agent, methyl and propyl parabens as preservatives, a dye and a flavoring such as cherry or orange flavor. Sterile compositions for injection can be formulated according to conventional pharmaceutical practice by dissolving or suspending the active substance in a vehicle such as water for injection, a naturally occuring vegetable oil like sesame oil, coconut oil, peanut oil, cottonseed oil, etc., or a synthetic fatty vehicle like ethyl oleate or the like. Buffers, preservatives, antioxidants and the like can be incorporated as required.

The compounds of this invention are also useful to treat elevated intraocular pressure and can be administered to patients in need of such treatment with typical pharmaceutical formulations such as tablets, capsules, injectables, as well as topical ocular formulations in the form of solutions,

ointments, inserts, gels and the like. Pharmaceutical formulations prepared to treat intraocular pressure would typically contain about 0.1% to 15% by weight, and preferably 0.5% to 2.0% by weight of a compound of this invention.

Thus, the compounds of the invention are useful in treating hypertension. They are also of value in the management of acute and chronic

congestive heart failure, in the treatment of

secondary hyperaldosteronism, primary and secondary pulmonary hypertension, renal failure such as

diabetic nephropathy, glomerulonephritis, scleroderma, and the like, renal vascular hypertension, left ventricular dysfunction, diabetic retinopathy, and in the management of vascular disorders such as migraine or Raynaud's disease. The application of the compounds of this invention for these and similar disorders will be apparent to those skilled in the art.

The useful central nervous system (CNS) activities of the compounds of this invention are demonstrated and exemplified by the ensuing assays.

COGNITIVE FUNCTION ASSAY

The efficacy of these compounds to enhance cognitive function can be demonstrated in a rat passive avoidance assay in which cholinomimetics such as physostigmine and nootropic agents are known to be active. In this assay, rats are trained to inhibit their natural tendency to enter dark areas. The test apparatus used consists of two chambers, one of which is brightly illuminated and the other is dark. Rats are placed in the illuminated chamber and the elapsed time it takes for them to enter the darkened chamber is recorded. On entering the dark chamber, they receive a brief electric shock to the feet. The test animals are pretreated with 0.2 mg/kg of the

muscarinic antagonist scopolamine which disrupts learning or are treated with scopolamine and the compound which is to be tested for possible reversal of the scopolamine effect. Twenty-four hours later, the rats are returned to the illuminated chamber.

Upon return to the illuminated chamber, normal young rats who have been subjected to this training and who have been treated only with control vehicle take longer to re-enter the dark chamber than test animals who have been exposed to the apparatus but who have not received a shock. Rats treated with scopolamine before training do not show this hesitation when tested 24 hours later. Efficacious test compounds can overcome the disruptive effect on learning which scopolamine produces. Typically, compounds of this invention should be efficacious in this passive avoidance assay in the dose range of from about 0.1 mg/kg to about 100 mg/kg.

ANXIOLYTIC ASSAY

The anxiolytic activity of the invention compounds can be demonstrated in a conditioned emotional response (CER) assay. Diazepam is a clinically useful anxiolytic which is active in this assay. In the CER protocol, male Sprague-Dawley rats (250-350 g)

are trained to press a lever on a variable interval (VI) 60 second schedule for food reinforcement in a standard operant chamber over weekly (five days per week) training sessions. All animals then receive daily 20 minute conditioning sessions, each session partitioned into alternating 5 minute light (L) and 2 minute dark (D) periods in a fixed L1D1L2D2L3

sequence. During both periods (L or D), pressing a lever delivers food pellets on a VI 60 second

schedule: in the dark (D), lever presses also elicit mild footshock (0.8 mA, 0.5 sec) on an independent shock presentation schedule of VI 20 seconds. Lever pressing is suppressed during the dark periods reflecting the formation of a conditioned emotional response (CER).

Drug testing in this paradigm is carried out under extinction conditions. During extinction, animals learn that responding for food in the dark is no longer punished by shock. Therefore, response rates gradually increase in the dark periods and animals treated with an anxiolytic drug show a more rapid increase in response rate than vehicle treated animals. Compounds of this invention should be efficacious in this test procedure in the range of from about 0.1 mg/kg to about 100 mg/kg.

DEPRESSION ASSAY

The antidepressant activity of the compounds of this invention can be demonstrated in a tail suspension test using mice. A clinically useful antidepressant which serves as a positive control in this assay is desipramine. The method is based on the observations that a mouse suspended by the tail shows alternate periods of agitation and immobility and that antidepressants modify the balance between these two forms of behavior in favor of agitation. Periods of immobility in a 5 minute test period are recorded using a keypad linked to a microcomputer which allows the experimenter to assign to each animal an identity code and to measure latency, duration and frequency of immobile periods.

Compounds of this invention should be efficacious in this test procedure in the range of from about 0.1 mg/kg to about 100 mg/kg.

SCHIZOPHRENIA ASSAY

The antidopaminergic activity of the compounds of this invention can be demonstrated in an apomorphine-induced sterotypy model. A clinically useful antipsychotic drug that is used as a positive control in this assay is haloperidol. The assay method is based upon the observation that stimulation of the dopaminergic system in rats produces stereotyped motor behavior. There is. a strong correlation between the effectiveness of classical neuroleptic drugs to block apomorphine-induced stereotypy and to prevent schizophrenic symptoms. Stereotyped behavior induced by apomorphine, with and without pretreatment with test compounds, is recorded using a keypad linked to a microcomputer. Compounds of the invention should be efficacious in this assay in the range of from about 0.1 mg/kg to about 100 mg/kg.

In the treatment of the clinical conditions noted above, the compounds of this invention may be utilized in compositions such as tablets, capsules or elixirs for oral administration, suppositories for rectal administration, sterile solutions or suspensions for parenteral or intramuscular administration, and the like. The compounds of this invention can be administered to patients (animals and human) in need of such treatment in dosages that will provide optimal pharmaceutical efficacy. Although the dose will vary from patient to patient depending upon the nature and severity of disease, the patient's weight, special diets then being followed by a patient, concurrent medication, and other factors which those skilled in the art will recognize, the dosage range will generally be about 5 to 6000 mg. per patient per day which can be administered in single or multiple doses. Perferably, the dosage range will be about 10 to 4000 mg. per patient per day; more preferably about 20 to 2000 mg. per patient per day.

In order to obtain maximal enhancement of cognitive function, the compounds of this invention may be combined with other cognition-enhancing

agents. These include acetylcholinesterase inhibitors such as heptylphysostigmine and tetrahydroacridine (THA; tacrine), muscarinic agonists such as

oxotremorine, inhibitors of angiotensin-converting enzyme such as octylramipril, captopril, ceranapril, enalapril, lisinopril, fosinopril and zofenopril, centrally-acting calcium channel blockers and as nimodipine, and nootropic agents such as piracetam.

In order to achieve optimal anxiolytic activity, the compounds of this invention may be combined with other anxiolytic agents such as

alprazolam, lorazepam, diazepam, and busipirone.

In order to achieve optimal antidepressant activity, combinations of the compounds of this invention with other antidepressants are of use.

These include tricyclic antidepressants such as nortriptyline, amitryptyline and trazodone, and monoamine oxidase inhibitors such as tranylcypromine.

In order to obtain maximal antipsychotic activity, the compounds of this invention may be combined with other antipsychotic agents such as promethazine, fluphenazine and haloperidol.

The following examples illustrate the preparation of the compounds of Formula I and their incorporation into pharmaceutical compositions and as such are not to be considered as limiting the

invention set forth in the claims appended hereto. EXAMPLE 1

2-Butyl-1-[4-(N-(1(R)-carbomethoxy-1-benzyl)methyl) aminomethylphenyl]methyl-4-chloro-5-hydroxymethyl- imidazole (Scheme II-2. Compound 3)

Step A: Preparation of Methyl 4-(bromomethyl)benzoate

To a solution of 1.0 eq of 4-(bromomethyl)benzoic acid in 20 ml of methanol and 50 ml of toluene; was added dropwise 2.05 eq of trimethylsilyldiazomethane while stirring at room temperature. The reaction was titrated until a persistant pale yellow color existed from the addition of excess trimethylsilyldiazomethane. Let stir at room temperature for 1 hr to insure the complete evolution of N₂. Thin layer chromatography in 1:1 hexame: ethyl acetate indicated the disappearance of starting material and the

appearance of desired ester with an Rf of 0.7.

FAB-MS M+H = 230, 228.

¹H NMR (300mHz , CDCI₃ , ppm) 58. 02 (d , 2H) ; 7 .46

(d , 2H) ; 4.50 (s , 2H) ; 3 .93 (s , 3H)

Step B: Preparation of 2-Butyl-5-t-butyl- dimethylsilyloxymethyl-1-(4-carbomethoxyphenyl) methyl-4-chloroimidazole

To a suspension of 1.2 eq NaH in 5 ml DMF was added dropwise a solution of the product of

Example 1, Step A (2.0 g, 6.57 mmol) at 0°C causing immediate reaction, as evidenced by the evolution of H₂ gas. The reaction mixture turned pale yellow and was stirred at 0 °C until the gas evolution ceased. At 0 °C, 1.1 eq of methyl 4-(bromomethyl)benzoate was added, the reaction was warmed to room temp rature and followed by TLC in 4:1 hexane: ethyl acetate. After 2.5 hours, the reaction appeared to be

complete. The DMF was removed in vacuo and the residue dissolved in 100 ml ethyl acetate and washed with 0.5 N citric acid (the aqueous wash was back washed with saturated NaHCO₃ solution) and brine, dried over MgSO₄, filtered and removed the solvent. The viscous yellow oil which was isolated (3.12 g) contained two spots. The crude material was

dissolved in CH₂CI₂, treated with 0.5 eq of

dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP), cooled to 0° C under N2 and then 0.33 eq t-butyIdimethylsilyl chloride (0.33 g) was added. When the suspension dissolved, the solution was warmed to room temperature and stirred for 2 hours. The CH₂CI₂ was evaporated off and the residue, a slush, was dissolved in ethyl acetate and the DMAP-HCl was filtered off. Some DMAP-HCl

remained and was removed by filtering through a silica plug. The residue was chromatographed on a silica gel column using a medium pressure liquid chromatography (MPLC) setup, eluting with a 4:1 hexane: ethyl acetate, Isomer a,

2-butyl-5-t-butyldimethylsilyloxymethyl-1-(4- carbomethoxyphenyl)methyl-4-chloro- imidazole isolated in 807o yield (2.34 g) and isomer b, 2-butyl-4-t-butyl-dimethylsilyloxymethyl-1- (4-carbomethoxyphenyl)methyl-5-chloroimidazole, isolated in 12.8 % yield (0.38 g).

FAB-MS: isomer a M+1= 451

isomer b M+1= 451

1H NMR isomer a: (300mHz, CDCI₃, ppm) 58.00 (d, 2H); 7.06 (d, 2H); 5.25 (s, 2H); 4.50 (s, 2H); 3.90

(S, 3H); 2.50 (t, 2H); 1.70-1.55 (m, 2H); 1.37-1.23 (m, 2H); 0.8-0.76 (m, 12H); 0.02 (s, 6H).

isomer b: (300mHz, CDCI₃, ppm) 58.00 (d, 2H); 7.08 (d, 2H); 5.14 (s, 2H); 4.65 (s, 2H); 3.90

(s, 3H); 2.55 (t, 2H); 1.68-1.55 (m, 2H); 1.32

(m, 2H); 0.92 (s, 9H); 0.85 (t, 3H); 0.10 (s, 6H).

Step C: Preparation of 2-Butyl-5-t-butyldimethyl- silyloxymethyl-4-chloro-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl imidazole

The product of Example 1, Step B, isomer a (2.22 g, 4.93 mmol) was dissolved in ethyl acetate, dried over MgSO₄, filtered and the solvent evaporated in vacuo. To a 35 ml dry THF solution of isomer a, a pale yellow oil, cooled under N2 to -50°C, was added dropwise 1.2 eq of a 1.0M THF solution of LiAlH₄. The reaction was allowed to warm to -25°C. After 30 minutes, 243 μl of H₂O was added dropwise at -25°C causing H₂ evolution and was followed by the addition of 243 μl 15% NaOH and 243 μl H₂O, gradually warming to room temperature. The reaction was continually stirred until the gelatinous precipitate became granular. The solid aluminum salts were removed by filtration rinsing with THF. The filtrate was dried over MgSO₄, filtered, and stripped of solvent to give a colorless oil in 100% yield (2.11 g).

FAB-MS: M+H= 423

¹H NMR: (300mHz, CDCI₃, ppm) 57.33 (d, 2H); 7.00 (d, 2H); 5.20 (s, 2H); 4.68 (d, 2H); 4.50 (s,

2H);2.50 (t, 2H); 1.70-1.55 (m, 3H); 1.30 (m, 2H); 0.90-0.72 (m, 12H); 0.02 (s, 6H).

Step D: Preparation of 2-Butyl-5-t-butyldimethyl- silyloxymethyl-1-(4-carboxaldehydophenyl)methyl-4- chloroimidazole

To a solution of 636 μl of oxalyl chloride in 30 ml of dichloromethane (CH₂CI₂), cooled to

-78°C, was added dropwise a solution of 1.03 ml dimethylsulfoxide in 5.0 ml CH₂Cl₂. After 15 minutes at -70°C, a solution of the product of Example 1, Step C (2.2 g, 5.21 mmol) in 30 ml of CH₂Cl₂ was added dropwise. After stirring at -70°C for 45 min, 3.19 ml of triethylamine was added, and the reaction was warmed to room temperature. The reaction was diluted with 100 ml of H₂O, the layers separated and the organic layer was washed with H₂O and brine, and dried over MgSO₄. Removal of solvent in vacuo gave a viscous pale yellow oil, which became a crystalline solid when refrigerated. The desired aldehyde had an R_f of 0.35 in 3:2 hexane: ethyl acetate. FAB-MS: M+1 of 421

¹H NMR: (300mHz, CDCI₃, ppm) 510.0 (s, 1H⁺); 7.85 (d, 2H); 7.15 (d, 2H); 5.26 (s, 2H); 4.50 (s, 2H); 2.50 (t, 2H); 1.70-1.50 (m, 2H): 1.40-1.20 (m, 2H); 0.80-0.68 (m, 12H); 0.02 (s, 6H).

Step E: Preparation of 2-Butyl-5-t-butyldimethyl- silyloxymethyl-1-[4-(N-(1(R)-carbomethoxy-1-benzyl)- methyl)aminomethylphenyl1methyl-4-chloroimidazole

To a solution of 1.1 eq of HCl·D- phenylalanine methyl ester (0.46 g, 2.11 mmol) in 10 ml of dry ethanol over 3A powdered molecular sieves was added a solution of the product of Example 1, Step D (0.81 g, 1.92 mmol) in 10 ml ethanol. After stirring for 35 minutes, 3 eq of 1.0 M NaBH₃CN in THF (5.8 ml, 5.77 mmol) was added, and the reaction stirred overnight at room temperature under N₂ atmosphere. The reaction solvent was removed in vacuo and the residue chromatographed on an LH-20 column eluting with CH₃OH. This failed to remove all the TEA.HCl and NaBH₃CN and was rechromatographed on a silica gel column eluting with 30% ethyl acetate in hexane. The product was isolated in 78% yield (0.88 g)

FAB-MS: M+1 at 584.

¹H NMR: (300mHz, CDCI₃, ppm) 57.35-7.1 (m, 7H); 5.15 (s, 2H), 4.50 (s, 2H); 3.80 (d, 1H); 3.65 (s, 3H); 3.60 (d, 1H); 3.50 (t, 1H); 2.95 (m, 2H) 2.50

(t, 2H); 1.70-1.55 (m, 2H); 1.40-1.22 (m, 2H);

0.95-0.80 (m, 12H); 0.02 (s, 6H). Step F: Preparation of 2-Butyl-1-[4-(N-(l(R)- carbomethoxy-1-benzyl)methyl)aminomethylphenyl]- methyl-4-chloro-5-hydroxymethylimidazole (Scheme

II-2, Compound 3)

To a solution of the product of Example 1, Step E (53 mg, 91 μmol) in 1.0 ml THF was added 0.11 ml of a 1.0M THF solution of tetrabutylammonium fluoride and the reaction was stirred overnight at room temperature under N₂. The reaction was then filtered through a silica gel plug eluting with ethyl acetate to remove the baseline tetrabutylammonium fluoride. The pale yellow oil was chromatographed on silica gel eluting with 3:2 hexane: ethyl acetate and the product was isolated in a 76% yield (32 mg).

FAB-MS: M+1 of 470 1H NMR: (300mHz, CDCI₃, ppm) 57.30-7.10 (m, 7H);

6.90 (d, 2H); 5.17 (s, 2H) 4.46 (s, 2H); 3.80 (d, 1H); 3.64 (s, 3H); 3.60 (d, 1H); 3.50 (t, 1H) 2.95 (m, 2H) 2.55 (t, 2H); 1.65 (m, 2H); 1.35 (m, 2H), 0.90 (t, 3H).

EXAMPLE 2

2-Butyl-1-[4-(N-(1(R)-carboxy-1-benzyl)methyl)amino- methylphenyl]methyl-4-chloro-5-hydroxymethylimidazole sodium salt

To a solution of the product of Example 1, Step F (37 mg,78 μmol) in 3:1 CH₃OH:H₂O was added 47 μ1 of 2. ON NaOH and the reaction was stirred at room temperature overnight. The solvent was removed in vacuo and the residue was dissolved in 1.5 ml CH₃OH filtered and chromatographed on a Sephadex column (LH-20) eluting with CH₃OH. Two overlapping peaks were observed which by mass spectrometry were found to be the sodium salt and the free acid, and were combined and isolated in a ~100% yield (35 mg).

FAB-MS: M+1 is 456 (free acid) and M+Na (Na salt) ¹H NMR: (300mHz, CD₃OD, ppm) 57.30-7.10 (m, 7H); 6.98 (d, 2H); 5.30 (s, 2H); 4.45 (s, 2H); 3.85-3.70 (m, 1H); 3.63-3.50 (m, 1H); 3.35 (m, 1H); 3.10-2.93 (m, 1H); 2.92-2.78 (m, 1H); 2.55 (t, 2H); 1.53 (m, 2H); 1.30 (m, 2H); 0.88 (t, 3H).

EXAMPLE 3

2-Butyl-1-[4-(N-(1(R)-carbomethoxy-1-benzyl)methyl- methyl-N-pentanoyl)aminomethylphenyl]-4-chloro-5- hvdroxymethylimidazole

Step A: Preparation of 2-Butyl-5-t-butyldimethyl- silyoxymethyl-1-[4-(N-(l(R)- carbomethoxy-1- benzyl)methyl-N-pentanoyl)aminomethylphenyl]-4- chloroimidazole

To a 2.0 ml THF solution of the product of Example 1, Step E (0.12 g, 0.20 mmol) under N2 was added 1.5 eq of TEA followed by the addition of 1.2 eq of valeroyl chloride, which resulted in the precipitation of TEA●HCl. The reaction was warmed, and when checked by TLC after 1 hr it was complete. The TEA-HCl was filtered from the reaction and the filtrate was evaporated down to give a yellow oil. The residue contained two spots which were presumed to be the silylated and unsilylated products. The residue was chromatographed on silica gel eluting with 30% ethyl acetate in hexane and the product isolated in 92% yield (124 mg). FAB-MS: M+1 of 668

¹H NMR: (300 mHz, CDCl₃, ppm) 57.30-7.05); (m, 7H); 6.90 (d, 2H); 5.15 (s, 2H); 4.50 (s, 2H); 4.40

(d, 1H); 4.30 (m, 1H) 3.73 (d, 1H) 3.64 (s, 3H);

3.4-3.2 (m, 2H); 2.5 (t, 2H); 2.24 (m, 2H); 1.6

(m, 4H); 1.3 (m, 4H); 0.85 (m, 15H); 0.02 (s, 6H).

Step B: Preparation of 2-Butyl-1-[4-(N-(l(R)- carbomethoxy-1-benzyl)methyl)methyl-N-pentanoyl)- aminomethylphenyl]-4-chloro-5-hydro-xymethylimidagole

To a solution of the product of Example 3, Step A (0.11 g, 0.16 mmol) in 2 ml THF under N₂ at room temperature was added 1.2 eq of a 1.0 M solution of tetrabutylammonium fluoride and followed the procedure of Example 1, Step F. The product was isolated in a 73% yield (63 mg).

FAB-MS: M+1 at 554

¹H NMR: (300mHz, CDCI₃, ppm) 57.30-7.02 (m, 7H);

6.90 (d, 2H); 5.15 (s, 2H); 4.44 (s, 2H); 4.48 (d, 1H); 4.26 (m, 1H); 3.74 (d, 1H); 3.63 (s, 3H);

3.4-3.17 (m, 2H); 2.50 (t, 2H); 2.2 (m, 2H); 1.6 (m, 4H), 1.28 (m, 4H); 0.85 (m, 6H)

EXAMPLE 4

2-Butyl-1-[4-(N-(l(R)-carboxy-1-benzyl)methyl-N- pentanoyl)aminomethylphenyl]methyl-4-chloro-5-hydroxym ethylimidazole sodium salt (Scheme II-3, Compound 11)

Following the procedure of Example 2, Step A the product of Example 3, Step B was hydrolyzed to give the sodium salt in 58% yield (24.5 mg).

FAB-MS: M+1 at 562 and M+Na at 584.

¹H NMR: (300mHz, CD₃OD, ppm) 7.3-6.82 (m, 9H); 5.25

(d, 2H), 5.00 (d, 1H); 4.6 (m, 1H); 4.44 (s, 2H);

4.30 (d, 1H); 3.4-2.8 (m, 2H); 2.1 (m, 2H); 2.4-2

(m, 2H); 1.6-1.1 (m, 8H); 0.9-0.75 (m, 6H).

EXAMPLE 5

2-Butyl-1-[4-(N-(1(R)carbomethoxy-1-benzyl)methyl-N- (3-phenyl)propionyl)aminomethylphenyl]methyl-4-chloro- 5-hydroxymethylimidazole (Scheme 1-3. Compound 13) Step A: Preparation of 2-Butyl-5-t-butyldimethyl- silyloxymethyl-1-[4-(N-(1(R)-carbomethoxy-1-benzyl)- methyl-N-(3-phenyl)propionyl)aminomethylphenyl]methyl-

4-chloroimidazole

Following the procedure of Example 3, Step A, the product of Example 1, Step E (0.11 g, 0.195 mmol) was treated with hydrocinnamoyl chloride and the product was isolated in a 78% yield (110 mg).

FAB-MS: M+1 at 716

¹H NMR: (300mHz, CDCI₃, ppm) 57.30-6.8 (m, 14H);

5.13 (s, 2H); 4.48 (d, 2H); 4.35 (d, 1H); 4.27 (m, 1H); 3.7 (d, 1H); 3.62 (s, 3H); 3.4-3.1 (m, 2H); 2.93 (m, 2H⁺) 2.5 (m, 4H) 1.6 (m, 2H); 1.3 (m, 2H); 1.83 (m, 3H).

Step B: Preparation of 2-Butyl-1-[4-(N-(1(R)-carbo- methoxy-1-benzyl)methyl-N-(3-phenyl)propionyl)amino- methylphenyllmethyl-4-chloroimidazole

Following the procedure of Example 1, Step F and using the product of Example 5, Step A as the substrate, the desired product was isolated in a 61% yield (55 mg).

FAB-MS: M+1 at 602, M-18 at 584 (loss of H₂O) and M-188 at 414 (loss of imidazole fragment)

¹H NMR: (300mHz, CDCI₃, ppm) 57.30-6.8 (m, 14H);

5.15 (s, 2H); 4.43 (d, 2H); 4.32 (d, 1H); 4.27 (m, 1H); 3.7 (d, 1H); 3.62 (s, 3H); 3.4-3.1 (m, 2H); 2.93 (m, 2H+) 2.5 (m, 3H) 2.28 (m, 1H); 1.64 (m, 2H); 1. 40 (m, 2H) 0.88 (t, 3H).

Example 6

2-Butyl-1-[4-(N-(1(R)-carboxy-1-benzyl)methyl-N- (3-phenyl)propionyl)aminomethylphenyl]methyl-4- chloroimidazole

Following the procedure of Example 2, Step A and using the product of Example 5, Step B in two products of slightly different R_fs resulted which were combined and treated with HCl in THF to obtain the free acid/HCl salt.

FAB-MS: M+1 at 588 and M-18 at 570

¹H NMR: (300mHz, CD₃OD, ppm) 57.3-7.0 (m, 14H); 5.5 (s, 2H); 4.53 (s, 2H); 4.45-4.3 (m, 2H); 3.9 (d, 1H); 3.25-3.1 (m, 1H); 2.95-2.75 (m, 4H); 2.7-2.4

(m, 2H); 1.6-1.4 (m, 2H); 1.38-1.2 (m, 2H) 0.92-0.78 (m, 3H).

EXAMPLE 7

2-Butyl-1-[4-(N-(l(R)-carbomethoxy-1-benzyl)methyl- N-phenylacetyl)aminomethylphenyl]methyl-4- chloro-5-hydroxymethylimidazole Step A: 2-Butyl-5-t-butyldimethylsilyloxymethyl-

1-[4-(N-(1(R)-carbomethoxy-1-benzyl)methyl-N-(phenylacetyl)aminomethylphenyl]methyl-4-chloroimidazole

Following the procedure of Example 3, Step A the product of Example 1, Step E (0.12 g, 0.209 mmol) was treated with phenylacetyl chloride and the product was isolated in a 57% yield (60 mg) based on recovered starting material.

FAB-MS: M+1 at 702

¹H NMR: (300mHz, CDCI₃, ppm) 57.38-7.15 (m, 9H);

7.0-6.95 (m, 5H); 5.15 (s, 2H); 4.48 (s, 2H); 4.44 (d, 1H); 4.15 (m, 1H); 3.67 (s, 3H); 3.63 (s, 2H); 3.60 (d, 1H); 3.38-3.13 (m, 2H); 2.5 (t, 2H); 1.6 (m, 2H); 1.3 (m, 2H); 0.85 (m, 12H); 0.02 (s, 6H).

Step B: Preparation of 2-Butyl-1-[4-N-(1(R)-carbo- methoxy-1-benzyl)methyl-N-(phenylacetyl)aminomethyl- phenyl]methyl-4-chloro-5-hydroxymethylimidazole

Following the procedure of Example 1, Step F and using the product of Example 7, Step A as the substrate, the desired product was isolated in a 50% yield (24 mg).

FAB-MS: M+1 at 588, M-18 at 570 (loss of H₂O) and M-188 at 400 (loss of imidazole fragment)

¹H NMR: (300mHz, CDCI₃, ppm) 57.37-6.8 (m, 14H);

5.15 (s, 2H); 4.45 (d, 2H); 4.43 (d, 1H); 4.15 (m, 1H); 3.6 (m, 6H); 3.4-3.15 (m, 2H); 2.52 (t, 2H); 1.65 (m, 2H); 1.3 (m, 2H); 0.8 (t, 3H). EXAMPLE 8

2-Butyl-1-[4-(N-(l(R)-carboxy-1-benzyl)methyl- N-(phenylacetyl)aminomethylphenyl]methyl- 4-chloro-5-hydroxymethylimidazole (Scheme 1-3,

Compound 16)

Following the procedure of Example 6, Step A and using the product of Example 7, Step B the desired product was isolated in a 61% yield (16 mg).

FAB-MS: M+1 at 574, M-18 at 556 and 2M+1 at 1148

¹H NMR: (300mHz, CD₃OD, ppm) 57.3-6.7 (m, 14H); 5.25 (d, 2H) 5.00 (d, 0.6H); 4.9-4.8 (m, 0.4H) 4.7-4.6 (m, 1H) 4.45 (s, 2H); 4.45-4.3 (m, 1H); 3.72-3.48 (m, 2H) 3.38-3.05 (m, 1.4H); 2.70 (m, 0.6H); 2.55 (m, 2H) 1.50 (m, 2H); 1.26 (dt, 2H); 0.85 (t, 3H).

EXAMPLE 9

2-Butyl-1-[4-(N-(1(S)-carbomethoxy-1-benzyl)amino- methylphenyl]methyl-4-chloro-5-hydroxymethylimidazole Step A: Preparation of 2-Butyl-5-t-butyldimethyl silyloxymethyl-1-[4-(N-(1(S)-carbomethoxy- 1-benzyl)aminomethylphenyl]methyl-4-chlorimidazole

Following the procedure of Example 1, Step E but using 1.1 eq L-phenylalanine methyl ester HCl (116 mg, 0.538 mmol) and 1.0 eq of the aldehyde prepared in Example 1, Step D in 2-3 ml ethanol over 3A molecular sieves, the product was isolated in a 59% yield (168 mg).

FAB-MS: M+1 at 584

¹H NMR: (300 mHz, CDCI₃, ppm) 57.32-7.22 (m, 7H); 6.90 (d, 2H), 5.15 (s, 2H); 4.50 (s, 2H); 3.80 (d, 1H); 3.65 (s, 3H); 3.60 (d, 1H); 3.50 (t, 1H); 2.95 (m, 2H); 2.50 (t, 2H); 1.6 (m, 2H); 1.30 (dt, 2H) 0.85 (t, s, 12H); 0.02 (s, 6H).

Step B: Preparation of 2-Butyl-1-[4-(N-(1(S)-carbomethoxy-1-benzyl)aminomethylphenyl]methyl-4-chloro-

5-hydroxymethylimidazole

Following the procedure of Example 1, Step F, and using the product of Example 9, Step A, the desilylated product was obtained in a 65% yield (13 mg).

FAB-MS: M+1 at 470 ¹H NMR: (300mHz, CDCI₃, ppm): 57.30-7.10 (m, 7H); 6.90 (d, 2H), 5.17 (s, 2H); 4.46 (s, 2H); 3.80 (d, 1H); 3.64 (s, 3H); 3.60 (d, 1H); 3.50 (t, 1H); 2.95 (m, 2H); 2.55 (t, 2H); 1.65 (m, 2H); 1.35 (dt, 2H) 0.90 (t, 3H).

EXAMPLE 10

2-Butyl-1-[4-(N-(1(S)-carboxy-1-benzyl)aminomethylphenyl]methyl-4-chloro-5-hvdroxymethylimidazole

Following the hydrolysis procedure described in Example 2, Step A, but using the product of

Example 9, Step B, the free acid was isolated in a 82% yield (12 mg).

FAB-MS: M+1 at 456, trace amount of ester at 470 and M+NA at 478 1H NMR: (300mHz, CD₃OD, ppm) 57.3-7.1 (m, 7H); 7.00 (d, 2H); 5.27; (s, 2H); 4.45 (s, 2H); 3.75 (d, 1H); 3.53 (d, 1H); 3.02-2.90 (m, 1H); 2.87-2.77 (m, 1H); 2.55 (t, 2H); 1.53 (m, 2H); 1.27 (dt, 2H); 0.85

(t, 3H). EXAMPLE 11

2-Butyl-1-[4-(N-(1(S)-carbomethoxy-1-benzyl)-N- pentanoyl)aminomethylphenyl]methyl-4-chloro-5- hydroxymethylimidazole (Scheme 1-3, Compound 10) Step A: Preparation of 2-Butyl-5-t-butyldimethylsilyloxymethyl-1-[4-(N-(1(S)-carbomethoxy-1-benzyl- N-pentanoyl)aminomet nyl]methyl-4-chloroimidazole

Following the prcedure of Example 3, Step A but using the product of Example 9, Step A and

acylating with valeryl chloride gave the desired product in a 90% yield (97 mg).

FAB-MS: M+1 at 668

¹H NMR: (300mHz, CDCI₃, ppm) 57.3-7.0 (m, 7H); 6.90 (d, 2H); 5.13; (s, 2H); 4.48 (s, 2H); 4.40 (d, 1H); 4.26 (t, 1H); 3.75 (d, 1H); 3.65 (s, 3H); 3.4-3.15 (m, 2H); 2.48 (t, 2H); 2.20 (m, 2H); 1.68-1.46

(m, 4H); 1.38-1.18 (m, 4H); 0.93-0.73 (m, 15H); 0.02 (s, 6H).

Step B: Preparation of 2-Butyl-1-[4-(N-(1(S)- carbomethoxy-1-benzyl-N-pentanoyl)aminomethylphenyl]- methyl-4-chloro-5-hydroxymethylimidazole

To a solution of Example 11, Step A (94 mg,0.14 mmol) in THF was added 0.17 ml of 1.0 M tetrabutylammonium fluoride and following the

procedure of Example 1, Step F the product was isolated in a 52% yield (40.5 mg).

FAB-MS: M+1 at 554 and M-18 at 536. ¹H NMR: (300mHz, CDCI₃, ppm) 57.3-7.02 (m, 7H); 6.90 (d, 2H); 5.18; (s, 2H); 4.45 (s, 2H); 4.38 (d, 1H); 4.27 (m, 1H); 3.73 (d, 1H); 3.62 (s, 3H); 3.4-3.15 (m, 2H); 2.53 (t, 2H); 2.3-2.1 (m, 2H); 1.75-1.5 (m, 4H); 1.4-1.2 (m, 4H); 0.85 (m, 6H).

EXAMPLE 12

2-Butyl-1-[4-(N-(1(S)-carboxy-1-benzyl)methyl-N-pentanoyl)aminomethylphenyl]methyl-4-chloro-5-hydroxymethylimidazole sodium salt (Scheme 1-3, Compound 12)

Following the procedure of Example 2, Step A the methyl ester of Example 11, Step B was hydrolyzed to give a 73% yield (23 mg) of the sodium salt.

FAB-MS: M+1 at 562, M+Na at 584, 2M+1 at 1124 and 2M+Na at 1145

¹H NMR: (300mHz, CD₃OD, ppm) 57.28-6.82 (m, 9H);

5.25 (d, 2H); 5.00 (d, 1H); 4.6 (m, 1H); 4.45 (s, 2H); 4.28 (d, 1H); 3.4-3.2 (m, 1H); 3.10-2.98(m, 0.4H); 2.85-2.75 (m, 0.6H); 2.55 (m, 2H); 2.38-1.95 (m, 2H); 1.6-1.1 (m, 8H); 0.90-0.73 (m, 6H).

EXAMPLE 13

2-Butyl-5-t-butyldimethylsilyloxymethyl-1-[4-(1-carbomethoxy-1,1-dibenzyl)methyl)aminomethylphenyl]methyl¬

4-chlorimidazole (Scheme 1-5. Compound 18)

Step A: Preparation of N-benzylidene-D-phenylalanine methyl ester

To a suspension of 1.0 eq D-phenylalanine HCl (1.6 g, 7.4 mmol) was added 1.0 eq triethylamine to dissolve the D-phenylalanine. To this solution was added 1 equiv. of MgSO₄ followed by the addition of 1.0 eq benzaldehyde, the reaction was stirred overnight at room temperature under N₂ atmosphere.

The reaction mixture was sripped of solvent and pumped on the residue contained a good deal of triethylamine hydrochloride which was removed by dissolving the product in THF and filtering out the

TEA-HCl. The crude benzylidene looked fine by NMR and was all taken on in the next step.

¹H NMR: (300mHz, CDCI₃, ppm) 7.90 (s, 1H); 7.68

(d, 2H); 7.4 (m, 3H); 7.26-7.12 (m, 5H); 4.17

(m, 1H); 3.72 (s, 3H); 3.38 (dd, 1H), 3.15 (dd, 1H) .

Step B: Preparation of Methyl-2-amino-3-phenyl-2- phenylmethypropionate (Scheme I-4. Compound 17)

To a solution of the benzylidene, Example 13, Step A, in 25 ml dry THF at -78°C was added 1.05 eq of 1.0 M lithium hexamethyldisilylazide in THF (7.8 ml) over 10 minutes. After 30 minutes, a solution of 1.05 eq benzyl bromide in 15 ml THF was added over 15 minutes. The reaction mixture was stirred at -70°C for 15 min. and then gradually warmed to -40 to -35°C and stirred at this

temperature for 1.5 hours, after which the reaction appeared to be complete. The reaction mixture was quenched at -35°C by the addition of 50 ml of 1.0 N HCl and it was then allowed to warm to room

temperature with stirring. The reaction mixture was then extracted twice with hexane to remove the bezaldehyde which had been formed. The aqueous layer was then extracted three times with ethyl acetate, and the combined extracts were washed with saturated NaHCO₃ and brine, then dried over MgSO₄. The solvent was removed in vacuo to give 324 mg of a yellow crystalline solid. The pH of the aqueous layer was adjusted from 1.4 to 11.8 using 3N NaOH producing a milky white solution, which became clear upon

addition of ethyl acetate. The basic aqueous layer was extracted twice more with ethyl acetate, and the combined extracts were washed with brine and dried over MgSO₄. The solvent was removed in vacuo to give a colorless oil (1.37 g) giving a total yield of 85%. FAB-MS: M+H =270

¹H NMR: (300mHz, CDCI₃, ppm); 57.3-7.15 (m, 10H); 3.65 (s, 3H); 3.37 (d, 2H); 2.74 (d, 2H) .

Step C: Preparation of 2-Butyl-5-t-butyldimethyl- silyoxymethyl-1-[4-(1-carbomethoxy-1,1- dibenzyl)methyl)aminomethylphenyl]methyl-4- chloroimidazole (Scheme 1-5, Compound 18) To a solution of 1.1 eq of the product of Example 13, Step B (0.32 g, 1.2 mmol) in 15 ml CH₂Cl₂ over MgSO₄ after 15 min was added 1.0 eq of the aldehyde of Example 1, Step D (0.46 g, 1.09 mmol) and the reaction mixture was allowed to stir at room temperature under N₂ over the weekend. The reaction mixture was then filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The reaction mixture was dissolved in toluene and warmed to reflux under a Dean-Stark trap for 3 hrs. The reaction mixture was then cooled to room

temperature under N₂ and 3.0 eq of 1.0 M NaCNBH₃ was added. The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight, then the solvent was removed in vacuo. The residue was dissolved in ethyl acetate and water, and the layers separated slowly and the organic layer washed with brine, dried over MgSO₄, filtered and stripped of solvent. The residue was chromatographed on silica gel eluting with 4:1 hexane: ethyl acetate and two fractions were

isolated. The first fraction contained a mixture of the Schiff's base and the desired product (378 mg, 51%) and the second fraction contained the product (43 mg). The mixture was rechromatographed eluting with 15% ethyl acetate and hexane and the product (108 mg) was isolated in the first fraction to give a total yield of 20.5% (153 mg). The second fraction contained 90 mg of a mixture of the Schiff's base and the desired product.

FAB-MS: M+H= 674

¹H NMR: (300mHz, CDCl₃, ppm) 57.3-7.15 (m, 12H);

6.95 (d, 2H); 5.17 (s, 2H); 4.53 (s, 2H); 3.87 (s, 2H); 3.63 (s, 3H); 3.23 (d, 2H); 3.07 (d, 2H); 2.54 (t, 2H); 1.66 (m, 2H); 1.34 (dt, 2H); 0.86 (m, 12H); 0.04 (s, 6H).

EXAMPLE 14

2-Butyl-1-[4-(N-(1-carbomethoxy-1,1-dibenzyl)methyl)- aminomethylρhenyl]methyl-4-chloro-5-hydroxymethyl- imidazole (Scheme 1-5, Compound 19)

To a solution of the product of Example 13, Step C (67 mg, 0.10 mmol) in 2.0 ml of THF, was added 1.2 eq of 1.0M tetrabutylammonium fluoride in THF and the procedure of Example 1, Step F was followed. The desilylated product was isolated (65 mg; 100%).

FAB-MS: MHH= 560 ¹H NMR: (300mHz, CDCI₃ ppm) 57.35-7.15 (m, 12H); 6.90 (d, 2H); 5.20 (s, 2H); 4.45 (s, 2H); 3.87 (s, 2H); 3.64 (s, 3H); 3.20 (d, 2H); 3.05 (d, 2H); 2.55 (t, 2H); 1.67 (m, 2H); 1.35 (m, 2H); 0.88 (t, 3H).

EXAMPLE 15

2-Butyl-1-[4-(N-(1-carboxy-1,1-dibenzyl)methyl)aminomethylphenyl]phenyl]methyl-4-chloro-5-hydroxymethylimidazole (Scheme 1-5, Compound 20)

The hydrolysis procedure of Example 2, Step A was followed using the product of Example 14, Step B. The reaction was run overnight, but appeared to be incomplete, and was refluxed at 100°C for 4 hrs. An additional 2 eq of 2. ON NaOH (0.1 ml) was added and the reaction mixture was allowed to reflux for two days. The reaction mixture became cloudy on cooling to room temperature and was filtered. The filtrate was acidified with concentrated HCl and stirred for 1 hr. The solvent was removed in vacuo and the water azeotroped off with toluene and

acetonitrile. The residue was chromatographed on a sephadex column, eluting with methanol yielding both the acid and ester. This fraction was

chromatographed on silica gel eluting with 11:1 CH₂Cl₂:CH₃OH to elute the ester and then 11:1:0.5 CH₂Cl₂:CH₃OH:HOAc to elute the acid in a 44% yield (27 mg).

FAB-MS: M+1 at 546 and M-19 at 528.

¹H NMR: (300mHz, CD₃OD, ppm) 57.5-7.12 (m, 12H); 7.00 (d, 2H); 5.30 (s, 2H); 4.45 (s, 2H); 4.06 (s, 2H); 3.43 (s, 2H); 3.18 (d, 2H); 2.52 (t, 2H); 1.2 (t, 2H); 1.28 (m, 2H); 0.85 (m, 3H). EXAMPLE 16

1-[4-(1-(N-benzyl-N-pentanoyl)amino-1-(tetrazol-5- yl)methylphenyl]methyl-2-butyl-5-t-butyldimethylsilyloxymethyl-4-chloroimidazole (Scheme 1-6, Compound 23) Step A: Preparation of 1-[4-(1-(N-benzyl)amino-1- cyano)methylphenyl]methyl-2-butyl-5-t-butyldimethyl- silyloxymethyl-4-chloroimidazole

To a solution of the product of Example 1, Step D in 2-3 ml of CH₂Cl₂ over MgSO₄ was added 1.7 eq of benzylamine and the reaction mixture was

allowed to stir for 2 days. The Schiff base

formation was not complete, as indicated by TLC.

Trimethylsilylcyanide (1.1 eq) was added and the reaction mixture was allowed to stir overnight at room temperature. The reaction mixture was filtered and the filtrate was stripped of CH₂CI₂, dissolved in ethyl acetate, washed twice with water and once with brine, and then dried over MgSO₄. The solvent was removed in vacuo, and the residue was acylated in the next step.

FAB-MS: M+1 at 537

¹H NMR: (300mHz, CDCI₃, ppm) 57.50 (d, 2H); 7.3-7.2

(m, 5H); 7.03 (d, 2H); 5.20 (s, 2H); 4.73 (s, 1H);

4.50 (s, 2H); 4.05 (d, 1H); 3.95 (d, 1H); 2.50

(t, 2H); 1.65 (m, 2H); 1.30 (dt, 2H); 0.85 (m, 12H);

0.02 (s, 6H).

Step B: Preparation of 1-[4-(1-(N-benzyl-N-pentanoylamino-1-cyano)methylphenyl]methyl-2-butyl-5-t-butyldimethylsilyloxymethyl-4-chloroimidazole Following the acylation procedure of Example 3, Step A but using the product of Example 16, Step A (132 mg, 0.246 mmol) and 1.2 eq of valeroyl chloride (35 u1, 0.295 mmol) and 1.5 eq of triethylamine (51 μl, 0.368 mmol). The reaction appeared to be

incomplete after stirring for a few hours and was allowed to continue overnight. The reaction mixture was filtered and the filtrate was stripped of

solvent. The residue was chromatographed on silica gel eluting with 4:1 hexane: ethyl acetate. The two fractions isolated were mixtures, containing both the acylated product and starting materials. These two fractions were combined and acylated again using 1.6 eq valeroyl chloride and 1.9 eq triethylamine in THF, stirring at room temperature overnight. The same workup procedure as described above was used, and the material was chromatographed on silica gel eluting with 4:1 hexane: ethyl acetate. The product was isolated in a 33% yield (50 mg).

FAB-MS: M+1 at 621

¹H NMR: (300mHz, CDCI₃, ppm) 57.4-6.96 (m, 9H); 5.15

(s, 2H); 4.55-4.4 (m, 5H); 2.48 (t, 2H); 2.28

(t, 2H); 1.63 (m, 4H); 1.3 (m, 4H); 0.85 (m, 12H);

0.02 (s, 6H).

Step C: Preparation of 1-[4-(1-(N-benzyl-N-pent- anoyl)amino-1-(N-trimethylstannyltetrazol-5-yl)) methylphenyl]methyl-2-butyl-5-t-butyldimethylsilyloxy- methyl-4-chloroimidazole

To a solution of 1.0 eq of the product of Example 16, Step B in 2 ml of dry toluene was added 1.2 eq trimethylstannylazide and the mixture was gradually warmed to reflux in toluene overnight. The TLC and crude 1H NMR indicated the disappearance of starting material, and the crude material was carried on to the next step.

¹H NMR: (300mHz, CDCI₃, ppm) 57.6-6.6 (m, 9H); 5.12 (s, 2H); 4.95 (d, 1H); 4.75 (d, 1H); 4.55-4.37

(m, 3H); 2.6-2.4 (m, 2H); 2.4-2.1 (m, 2H); 1.7-1.5 (m, 4H); 1.4-1.2 (m, 4H); 1.00-0.8 (m, 12H); 0.70 (s, 6H) 0.02 (s, 6H).

Step D: Preparation of 1-[4-(1-(N-Benzyl-N-pentanoyl)amino-1-(tetrazol-5-yl))methylphenyl]methyl-

2-butyl-4-chloro-5-hydroxymethylimidazole

To a 2 ml solution of the product of Example 16, Step C (theoretically 66 mg, 0.08 mmol) at room temperature was added 5 drops of concentrated HCl. The reaction mixture became hot, was cooled with an ice bath and stirred, and was then allowed to warm to room temperature. The reaction mixture was stirred for about an hour at room temperature and appeared to be complete. The solvent was removed in vacuo and the residue chromatographed on silica gel eluting with 40:10:1 CHCl₃:CH₃OH:NH₄OH and the product isolated in a 25% yield (10 mg).

FAB-MS: M+1 at 550, M+Na at 572 and M-18 at 532

¹H NMR: (300mHz, CD₃OD, ppm) 57.5-6.7 (m, 9H); 5.25 (s, 2H); 5.0-4.7 (m, 2H); 4.35 (s, 2H); 2.63

(m, 0.5H); 2.52 (t, 2H); 2.30 (t, 1.5H); 1.68-1.45 (m, 4H); 1.4-1.15 (m, 4H); 0.95-0.75 (m, 6H) . EXAMPLE 17

2-Butyl-4-chloro-5-hydroxymethyl-3-[4-(1-hydroxy-

1-phenyl-1-(tetrazol-5-yl))methylphenyl]methylimidazol e

(Scheme 1-9, Compound 39

Step A: Preparation of 4-bromomethylbenzophenone

1 To a solution of 4-methylbenzophenone (3.0g, 15.3 mmol) in 60 ml CCI₄ was added N-bromosuccinimide (3.0 g, 1.1 eq) and A1BN (30 mg). The solution was

refluxed for 4.5 h, then cooled to room temperature.

The succinimide were removed by filtration, and the filtrate was concentrated to dryness.

Recrystallization required large amounts of solvent and chromatography appeared a better alternative.

The residue was chromatographed on silica gel eluting with 5% Ethyl Acetate/Hexane (3.44 g; 82% yield).

¹NMR (300 MHz, CDCI₃, ppm): 54.55 (s, 2H); 7.5 (m, 4H, 7.6 (m, 1H); 7.8 (m, 4H) .

Step B: Preparation of 1-(4-benzoyl)phenylmethyl-2- butyl-5-t-butyldimethylsilyloxymethyl-4-chloro- imidazole

To a suspension of NaH (0.21 g, 6.97 mmol) in 15 ml of DMF was added 2-butyl-5-t-butyldimethyl- silyloxymethyl-4-chloroimidazole (2.0 g, 6.62 mmol) and the solution was stirred for 45 min. under N₂. To this solution was added 4-bromomethylbenzophenone (1.82 g, 6.62 mmol) and the mixture was stirred for 4.5 hrs. The reaction mixture was quenched with saturated ammonium chloride, and the solvent was removed in vacuo. The residue was dissolved in ethyl acetate, washed with H₂O and brine, dried over MgSO₄ filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The crude product was chromatographed on silca gel (170 mm X 50 mm) in two batches, eluting with 15% ethyl acetate in hexane. The product was isolated in a 71% yield (2.36 g).

¹H NMR (300 MHz, CDCI₃, ppm): 50.1 (s, 6H), 0.80-1.0

(m, 12H, 1.3-1.45 (m, 2H), 1.6-1.75 (m, 2H), 2.5-2.6

(t, 2H), 4.55 (s, 2H, 7.1 (d, 2H), 7.5 (d, 2H, 7.6

(m, 1H),7:7-7.8 (m, 4H) .

Step C: Preparation of 2-butyl-5-t-butyldimethyl- silyloxymethyl-4-chloro-1-[4-(1-cyano-1-phenyl-1- trimethylsilyloxy)methylphenyl]methylimidazole

To a 2 ml CH₂CI₂ solution of the ketone of Example 17, Step B (0.50 g, 1.0 mmol) under N2 was added trimethylsilylcyanide (TMSCN) (85 mg, 1.2 mmol), followed by the addition of KCN (10 mg) and 18-crown-6 (10 mg). The reaction was followed by TLC, and was complete in 3 hrs. The solution was diluted with diethyl ether (~30 ml and washed with dilute NaHCO₃. and brine then organic extract was dried over MgSO₄., filtered and the solvent removed invacuo. The product was isolated in a 67% yield (0.40 g)

¹H NMR (300 MH, CDCI₃, ppm): 50.05(s, 9H), 0.10

(s, 6H), 0.8-0.9(m, 12H), 1.3-1.45(m, 2H),

1.55-1.65(M, 2H), 2.4-2.5(t, 3H), 4.5(s, 2H), 5.2 (s, 2H) 7.0(d, 2H), 7.3-7.4(M, 3H), 7.4-7.5(m, 4H) Step D: Preparation of 2-butyl-5-t-butyldimethyl- silyloxymethyl-4-chloro-1-[4-(1-hydroxy-1-phenyl-1- (tetrazol-5-yl))methylphenyl]methylimidazole

To a solution of Example 17, Step C (0.1 g, 0.17 mmol) in 500 ml of toluene was added

trimethylstannyl azide (41 mg, 0.20 mmol) at room temperature and the reaction was then heated to reflux for 24 hrs. The reaction was followed by TLC and after 7 days was 60% complete. The residue was chromatographed on silica gel (120 x 15 mm), eluting with 15% ethyl acetate in hexane containing a few drops of CH₃OH. The product was isolated in a 15% yield (20 mg).

¹H NMR (300 MHz, CDCI₃, ppm): 50.1 (s, 6H), 0.8-0.9 (m, 12H, 1.25-1.40 (m, 2H), 1.6-1.7(m, 2H), 2.5(t, 2H), 4.5(s, 2H), 5.25(s, 2H), 7.1(d, 2H), 7.4-7.6(m, 3H),7.7-7.8(m, 4H) .

EXAMPLE 18

2-Butyl-1-[4-(1-carboxy-1-(2-chloro)phenyl)methoxy- phenyl]methyl-4-chloro-5-hydroxymethylimidazole

(Scheme 1-8, Compound 33)

Step A: Preparation of Methyl 2-bromo-2'-chlorophenylacetate

o-Chlorophenylacetic acid (5.00 g, 29.3 mmol) and thionyl chloride (2.67 ml, 36.6 mmol) are heated to reflux. Bromine (1.51 ml, 29.3 mmol) was added dropwise over 10 minutes and continued to reflux for 17 hrs. The reaction was cooled to room temperature and 30 ml of CH₃OH was added slowly. The solvent was removed in vacuo and the residue

chromatographed on silica gel eluting with 5% ethyl acetate in hexane. The product was isolated in a 28% yield (2.13 g). 1H NMR (300 MHz , CDCl₃, ppm): 3.8 (s, 3H); 5.95 (s, 1H); 7.25-7.45 (m, 3H); 7.7-7.8 (m, 1H) .

Step B: Preparation of Methyl 2-(4-methylphenoxy)-

2-(2'-chlorophenyl)acetate

To a suspension of KH (0.53 g, 4.63 mmol) in 5 ml of DMF under N₂ at 0°C was added p-cresol (0.5 g, 4.63 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred until the evolution of H₂ was complete. Then 50 mg of 18-crown-6 ether was added, followed by the product of Example 18, Step A (1.22 g, 4.63 mmol) in 5 ml DMF. The reaction mixture was stirred at 0°C for 30 minutes and then allowed to warm to room temprature. The reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo and chromatographed on silca gel (130 mm x 30 min) eluting with 57o ethyl acetate in hexane. The product was isolated in a 77% yield (1.03 g).

FAB-MS: 290,292

¹H NMR (300 MHz, CDCI₃, ppm): 52.25 (S, 3H0 3.8 (S, 3H) 6.15 (S, 1H) 6.8-6.9 (d, 2H) 7.25-7.35 (m, 2H) 7.4-7.5 (m, 1H) 7.6-7.7 (m, 1H) 7.6-7.7 (m, 1H) .

Step C: Preparation of Methyl 2-(4-bromomethylphen oxy)-2-(2'-chlorophenvl')acetate

A solution of the product of Example 18, Step B (0.2 g, 0.69 mmol), N-bromosuccinimide (117 mg, 166 mmol) and a catalytic amount of AIBN in 2 ml CCI₄ was refluxed for 30 minutes. The reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo and chromatographed on silica gel (125 x 20 mm) eluting with 5% ethyl acetate in hexane. The product was isolated in a 73% yield (186 mg).

FAB-MS: 368, 370, 372 (10:13:3 isotopic ratio due to the presence of a chlorine and a bromine).

¹H NMR (300 MHz, CDCI₃, ppm): 3.8 (s, 3H) 4.5 (S, 2H); 6.15 (s, 1H); 6.85-6.95 (d, 2H); 7.25-7.35 (m, 4H); 7.4-7.5 (m, 1H); 7.6-7.7 (m, 1H) .

Step D: Preparation of 2-butyl-5-t-butyldimethyl- silyloxymethyl-1-[4-(1-carbomethoxy-1-(2-chloro)- phenyl)methoxyphenyl]methyl-4-chloroimidazole

To a suspension of NaH (2.7 mg, 89 mmol) in 250 μl DMF was added 2-butyl-4-chloro-5-t-butyldimethylsilyloxymethylimidazole and stirred for 15 minutes. To this solution was added a solution of the product of Example 18, Step C (30 mg, 81.3 mmol) in DMF (0.25 ml) and the reaction mixture was stirred for 2 hrs at room temperature. The reaction mixture was stored over the weekend at -30°C and then warmed to room temperature and stirred for 4 hrs. The reaction was concentrated in vacuo and

chromatographed on silca gel (130 x 20 mm) eluting with 15% ethyl acetate in hexane. The product was isolated in a 65% yield (31 mg).

¹H NMR (300 MHz, CDCI₃, ppm): 50.05 (s, 6H);

0.8-0.9 (m, 12H); 1.2-1.35 (m, 2H); 1.5-1.65 (m, 2H); 1.95-2.05 (t, 2H); 3.75 (s, 3H); 4.5 (s, 2H) 15.1 (s, 2H) 6.1 (s, 1H); 6.85-6.95 (m, 4H); 7.25-7.35 (m, 2H); 7.4-7.5 (m, 1H); 7.5-7.6 (m, 1H) . Step E: Preparation of 2-Butyl-1-(1-carboxy-1-(2- chloro)phenyl)methoxyphenyl]methyl-4-chloro-5- hydroxymethylimidazole

To a solution of the product of Example 18, Step D (30 mg, 0.51 mmol) in CH₃OH (0.5 ml) was added in NaOH until the reaction became cloudy (500 μl). The reaction mixture was stirred for 24 hours and then concentrated in vacuo. The residue was

dissolved in 5 ml of a 1:1 concentrated HCl: THF solution and stirred overnight. The reaction mixture was neutralized with 6N NaOH, and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was dissolved in ethyl acetate, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. The crude product was chromatographed on silica gel (120 x 15mm) eluting with 100:3:1 CHCI₃: CH₃OH:CH₃CO₂H.

The product was isolated in a 38% yield (9 mg).

¹H NMR (300 MHz, CD₃OD, ppm): 50.75-0.85 (t, 3H), 1.2-1.35 (m, 2H), 1.35-1.5 (m, 2H), 2.5-2.6 (t, 2H), 4.5 (s, 2H), 5.2 s, 2H), 6.1 (s, 1H), 6.9-7.1 (m, 4H), 7.3-7.4 (m, 2H), 7.4-7.5 (m, 1H), 7.55-7.65 (m, 1H).

2-Butyl-4-chloro-5-hydroxymethyl-1-[4-(1-phenyl-1- tetrazol-5-yl))methylphenyl]methylimidazole

(Scheme I-11, Compound 44)

Step A: Preparation of 4-(bromomethyl)benzylalcohol

A suspension of 4-bromomethylbenzoic acid (5.04; 23.3 mmol) in THF (30 ml) was cooled to 0° C and treated with borane/ THF (35 mmol). The ice bath was removed and the mixture was allowed to warm to room temperature and stirred for 1.5 hours. The excess borane was quenched with MeOH, and then with water, and the reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo. The residue was dissolved in ethyl acetate and washed with 4 % HCl, water NaHCO₃, brine, dried (MgSO₄), filtered, concentrated in vacuo to afford 4.44 g ( 94 %) of the title compound. ¹H NMR: (300 MHz, CDCl₃,ppm): 7.38 (q,4H); 4.70 (s, 2H); 4.51 (s,2H).

FAB MS: m/e = 202 (M+H).

Step B: Preparation of 4-(bromomethyl)-t-butyl- dimethylsilyloxymethylbenzene

To a solution of the product of Example 19, Step A (4.44 g, 22.1 mmol) in CH₂Cl₂ was added

N,N-diisopropylethyl amine (1.2 eq.) and

4-dimethylaminopyridine (0.1 eq), and t-butyl- dimethylsilyl chloride (1.2 eq). The mixture was stirred for 1.5 hours at room temperature, then concentrated in vacuo. The residue was dissolved in ethyl acetate and washed with water, brine, dried (MgSO₄), filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was chromatographed on silica (ethyl

acetate/hexanes (2.5/97.5)) to afford 5.0 g (71 %) of the title compound.

¹H NMR (300MHz , CDCl₃ , ppm) : 7 . 34 (q , 4H) ; 4. 74 (s, 2H); 4.59 (s,2H); 0.95 (s,9H); 0.11 (s,6HO.

Step C: Preparation of 3-(4-t-butyldimethylsilyl- oxymethyl)phenyl-2-phenylpropionitrile A solution of benzyl cyanide (1.5 ml, 12.7 mmol) in THF (40 ml) containing HMPA (11 ml, 63.4 mmol) was cooled to -78°C and treated with lithium bis trimethylsilyamide (16 ml, 16 mmol of 1.0 M in THF) dropwise to maintain temperature below -73° C. The reaction was stirred at -78° C for 1.5 hours. A solution of the product of Example 19, Step B (2.0 g, 6.34 mmol) in THF (8 ml) was added dropwise while the temperature was maintained below -70° C . The reaction temperature was maintained below -68° C for 3 hours. The reaction mixture was quenched at this temperature with IN NaHSO₄. After warming to room temperature, the mixture was extracted with EtOAc, the combined organic layers were washed with water, saturated NaHCO₃, brine, dried (MgSO₄), filtered, then concentrated in vacuo. The residue was

chromatographed on silica (ethyl/ hexanes (5/95)) to afford 1.5 g (67 %) of product. ¹H NMR ( 300 MHz,CDCl₃,ppm): 57.40-7.30 (m,3H);

7.30-7.22 (m,4H); 7.10 (d,2H); 4.73 (s, 2H); 3.98 (t, 1H); 3,23-3.08 (m, 2H); 0.94 (s,9H); 0.10 (s, 6H).

FAB MS : m/e=294 (loss of t-Bu).

Step D: Preparation 3-(4-bromomethyl)phenyl-2- phenylpropionitrile

The product of Example 19, Step C (1.5 g, 4.27 mmol) was treated with CBr₄ (1 eq.) and Ph₃P (1 eq) in a 1:1 mixture of acetone and acetonitrile, affording in 575 mg (45 %) of the title compound after silica chromatography (ethyl acetate/hexanes (5/95)). ¹H NMR (300MHz, CDCI₃, ppm): 57.48-7.10 (m, 9H); 4.50 (s, 2H); 4.00 (t, 1H); 3.26-3.10 (m, 2H);.

FAB MS : m/e=299/301.

Step E: Preparation of 4-chloro-2-butyl-5-t-butyl- dimethylsilyloxymethyl-1-[4-(1-cyano-1-phenyl)methyl- phenyllmethylimidazole

Sodium hydride (1.2 eq 16 mg of 80% oil dispersion) was suspended in dry DMF (1 ml) cooled to 0°C under N₂, and 1.0 eq (137 mg, 0.42 mmol) of

2-butyl-4-chloro-5-t-butyldimethylsilyloxy- methylimidazole in 1.5 ml DMF was added dropwise, causing vigorous bubbling and foaming. The reaction was allowed to stir at 0°C for 45 minutes, and then a solution of bromide (Example 19, Step D) in 1.5 ml DMF was added. The ice bath was removed, and the reaction mixture was allowed to warm gradually to room temperature. A gradual color change to darker reddish was visible. The TLC (20% EtOAc/Hexane) indicated that no bromide remained. The reaction mixture was allowed to stir at room temperature overnight, and then the solvent was removed in vacuo. The residue was dissolved in EtOAc and washed with H₂O. The combined organic portions were

extracted with H₂O and brine, and dried (Na₂SO₄) . The crude material was chromatographed on silica gel using MPLC eluting with 15% EtOAc in hexane, giving the desired product (69 mg; 297, yield).

FAB MS : M+H=522 . Step F: Preparation of 2-butyl-4-chloro-5-hydroxymethyl-1-[4-(1-phenyl-1-(tetrazol-5-yl))methylphenyl]- methylimidazole

The product of Example 19, Step D (69 mg, 0.132 mmol) was dissolved in 2 ml dry toluene, 1-2 eq of trimethylstannylazide was added and the mixture was heated to reflux under a blanket of N₂. After refluxing for 22 hrs, the reaction was brown in color. By TLC (30% EtOAc/Hexane) a substantial amount of unreacted nitrile still remained. The solvent was removed in vacuo and the reaction checked by NMR, which confirmed that 25% unreacted nitrile remained. An additional equivalent of

trimethylstannylazide was added to a toluene solution of the mixture, and the solution was heated to reflux for 5 hr, by TLC some nitrile stil remained. The reaction mixture was allowed to cool slowly to room temperature and was stirred overnight. The reaction was stripped of toluene, dissolved in THF cooled in ice and concentrated HCl (3 drops) was added. The solvent was azeotroped off from toluene/CH₃CN. The crude material was chromatographed on silica gel in 85:15 CHCl₃:10% NH₄OH/MeOH. The desired product was isolated in 35mg (60% yield).

FAB MS: M+H=451 ¹H NMR (300 mHz.CD₃OD,ppm): δ 7.32-7.18 (m.5H); 7.09 (d,2H); 6.90 (d, 2H); 5.21(5, 2H); 4.63(t, 1H);

4. 42 (s .2H) ; 3 . 63-3 .52 (dd , 1H) : 3 . 42-3 . 31(dd , 1H) ;

2.50(t, 2H); 1.52-1.39(m.2H); 1.32-1.18(m, 2H);

0.82(t, 3H). EXAMPLE 20

2-Butyl-1-[4-(N-(1-carboxy-1-(2-phenyl)ethyl)aminophenyl1methyl-4-chloro-5-hydroxymethylimidazole

Step A: Preparation of 2-Butyl-1-[4-(N-(1-carboxy- 1-(2-phenyl)ethyl)aminophenyl]methyl-4- chloro-5-hydroxymethylimidazole

A solution of 204 mg (0.500 mmol)

(4-aminophenyl)methyl-2-butyl-4-chloro-5- butyldimethylsilyloxymethylimidazole in 0.25 ml methanol was treated with 132 mg (0.575 mmol)

methyl-2-phenyl-2-bromoacetate and 50 mg (0.595 mmol) sodium bicarbonate and a crystal of potassium

iodide. After stirring overnight the reaction mixture was concentrated under vacuum, extracted into 5 ml methylene chloride and, after removal of the solvent under vacuum, charged with 1 ml methanol to a column of LH-20. The product-containing fractions were collected and evaporated to yield 241 mg (87%) with correct NMR and mass spectrum and single spot by TLC.

Step B: Preparation of 2-Butyl-5-t-butyldimethylsilyloxymethyl-1-[4-(N-(1-carboxy-1-phenyl)- methyl)aminophenyl]methyl-4-chloroimidazole A solution of 186 mg of the product of

Example 20, Step A and 1 ml of 1 N sodium hydroxide in 2 ml of methanol was allowed to stir for 4 hrs. After addition of 5 ml ethyl acetate the solution was extracted with 2 x 5 ml 5% aqueous citric acid. The ethyl acetate solution was dried and concentrated to yield 221 mg (90%) citrate salt of the product which had correct mass spectrum and NMR. Step C: Preparation of 2-Butyl-1-[4-(N-(1-phenyl)- aminophenyl]methyl-4-chloro-5-hydroxymethylimidazole

A reaction mixture containing 212 mg of the product of Example 20, Step B in 420 ml 1 Molar tetrabutylammonium fluoride was allowed to stand at room temperature overnight, concentrated under vacuum to an oil which was treated with 10 ml ethyl acetate and extracted with 4 x 15 ml 5% aqueous citric acid. After drying and evaporation of the ethyl acetate there was obtained 143 mg (78%) of a citrate, single spot by TLC and with NMR and mass spectrum in accord with the structure.

Step D: Preparation of 2-Butyl-1-[4-N-(1- carboethoxy)-1-(2-phenyl)methyl)aminophenyl]- methyl-4-chloro-5-hydroxymethylimidazole

A slurry of 207 mg (0.507 mmol) the product of Example 20, Step C, 429 mg (2.081 mmol)

ethyl2-oxo-4-phenylbutanoate, and 500 mg freshly flamed 3A finely ground molecular sieves in 5 ml methanol was stirred for 6 hrs and then treated over a 1/2 hr period with 80 mg (1.27 mmol) sodium

cyanoborohydride in 2 ml methanol. After stirring for 41 hr, 165 mg (1.42 mmol) pyridine hydrochloride was added and after 1 hr stirring the reaction

mixture was filtered and concentrated under vacuum to a viscous oil. The oil was dissolved in 10 ml methanol and charged to 80 ml Dowex 50 (H+) set up in methanol. Neutrals and anionics were removed with 200 ml methanol and the product was eluted with 400 ml 4% pyridine in methanol. The eluent was

concentrated to an oil and charged with 1 ml methanol to a LH-20 column. The product containing fractions yielded on evaporation 122.5 mg (49.9%) of product single spot TLC, correct NMR and mass spectra.

Step E: Preparation of 2-Butyl-1-[4-(N-(1-carboxy- 1-(2-phenyl)ethyl)aminophenyl]methyl-4- chloro-5-hydroxymethylimidazole

A solution of 118 mg (0.252 mmol) of the product of Example 20, Step D and 0.55 ml 1 N sodium hydroxide in 1.5 ml of methanol were allowed to react for 5 hr at room temperature and for 16 hrs in the refrigerator. After addition of 5 ml ethyl acetate the reaction mixture was extracted with 2 x 5 ml 5% aqueous citric acid. The ethyl acetate was dried, and concentrated under vacuum to yield 157 mg (96%) of the product as a citrate, with NMR and mass spectra in accord with the structure.

Claims

WHAT IS CLAIMED IS:

1. A compound of Formula 1 which is

FORMULA I or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof wherein:

R¹ is :

(a) (C₁-C₆)-alkyl, (C₂-C₆)-alkenyl or (C₂-C₆)-alkynyl each of which is unsubstituted or substituted with a substituent selected from the group consisting of:

i) aryl as defined below,

ii) (C₃-C₇)-cycloalkyl, iii) Cl, Br, I, F,

iv) COOR²,

vii) N[((C₁-C₄)-alkyl)]₂, viii) NHSO₂R², ix) CF₃,

x) COOR², or

xi) SO₂NHR^2a; and

(b) aryl, wherein aryl is defined as phenyl or naphthyl, unsubstituted or substituted with 1 or 2 substituents selected from the group consisting of:

i) Cl, Br, F, I,

ϋ) (C₁-C₄)-alkyl,

iii) (C₁-C₄)-alkoxy,

iv) NO₂

v) CF₃

vi) SO₂NR^2aR^2a,

vii) (C₁-C₄)-alkylthio,

viii) hydroxy,

ix) amino,

x) (C₃-C₇)-cycloalkyl,

xi) (C₃-C₁₀)-alkenyl; and

(c) heteroaryl, wherein heteroaryl is defined as an unsubstituted, monosubstituted or

disubstituted heteroaromatic 5- or 6- membered cyclic moiety, which can contain one or two members selected from the group consisting of N, O, S and wherein the substituents are members selected from the group consisting of:

i) Cl, Br, F, I,

ii) OH,

iii) SH,

iv) NO₂,

v) (C₁-C₄)-alkyl,

vi) (C₂-C₄)-alkenyl, vii) (C₂-C₄)-alkynyl,

viii) (C₁-C₄)-alkoxy, or ix) CF₃, or

(d) perfluoro-(C₁-C₄)-alkyl; and

B is:

(a) a single bond,

(b) -S(O)_x(CH₂)_s-, or

(c) -O-;and x is 0 to 2, s is 0 to 5; m is 1 to 5; p is 0 to 3; n is 1 to 10;

R² is:

(a) H, or

(b) (C₁-C₆)-alkyl, and

R^2a is:

(a) R²,

(b) CH₂-aryl, or

(c) aryl; and

R³ is:

(a) H,

(b) (C₁-C₆)-alkyl, (C₂-C₆)-alkenyl or (C₂-C₆)-alkynyl, (c) Cl, Br, I, F,

(d) NO₂

(e) (C₁-C₈)-perfluoroalkyl,

(f) C₆F₅,

(g) CN,

(h) NH₂,

(i) NH[(C₁-C₄)-alkyl],

(j) N[(C₁-C₄)-alkyl]₂,

(k) NH[CO(C₁-C₄)-alkyl],

(l) N[(C₁-C₄)-alkyl)-(CO(C₁-C₄)-alkyl)],

(m) N(C₁-C₄)-alkyl-COaryl,

(n) N(C₁-C₄)alkyl-SO₂aryl,

(o) CO₂H,

(p) CO₂R^2a,

(q) phenyl,

(r) phenyl-(C₁-C₃)-alkyl,

(s) phenyl and phenyl-(C₁-C₃)-alkyl substituted on the phenyl ring with one or two substituents selected from:

i) (C₁-C₄)-alkyl,

ϋ) (C₁-C₄)-alkoxyl,

iϋ) F, Cl, Br, I,

iv) hydroxyl,

v) methoxyl,

vi) CF₃,

vii) CO₂R^2a, or

viii) NO₂; and R⁴ is :

(a) H,

(b) CN,

(c) (C₁-C₈)-alkyl, (d) (C₃-C₆)-alkenyl,

(e) (C₁-C₈)-perfluoroalkyl,

(f) (C₁-C₃)-perfluoroalkenyl,

(g) NH₂,

(h) NH(C₁-C₄)-alkyl,

(i) N[(C₁-C₄)-alkyl]₂,

(j) NH(C₁-C₄)-acyl,

(k) N[((C₁-C₄)-acyl)((C₁-C₄)-alkyl)],

(l) CO₂H,

(m) CO₂R^2a,

(n) phenyl,

(o) phenyl-(C₂-C₆)-alkenyl,

O

(p) C-R¹⁶,

OR¹⁷

(q) (CH₂)_n-1CH-R¹⁷,

O

(r) (CH₂)_nOCR¹⁴,

(s) (CH₂)_nSR¹⁵,

O

(t) CH-=CH(CH₂)_sOCR¹⁵,

0

(u) CH=CH(CH₂)_sCR¹⁷,

CH₃

(v) (CH₂)_S-CH-CR¹⁵,

O

O

(w) (CH₂)_nCR¹⁵,

o

(x) (CH₂)_nOCNHR¹⁶,

S

(y) (CH₂)_nOCNHR¹⁶,

(z) (CH₂)_nNHSO₂R¹⁶,

(aa) (CH₂)_nF, (ab) (CH₂)_m-imidazol-1-yl,

(ac) (CH₂)_m-1.2,3-triazolyl, unsubstituted or substituted with one or two substituents selected from:

i) CO₂CH₃,

ii) (C₁-C₄)-alkyl,

(ad) tetrazol-5-yl,

(ae) -CONH-SO₂-aryl,

(af) -CONH-SO₂-(C₁-C₈)-alkyl, wherein the alkyl group is unsubstituted or substituted with a substituent selected from the group

consisting of: -OH, -SH, -O(C₁-C₄)-alkyl, -S-(C₁-C₄)-alkyl, -CF3, Cl, Br, F, I, -NO₂, -CO₂H, -CO₂-(C₁-C₄)-alkyl, -NH₂,

-NH[(C₁-C₄)-alkyl], -N[(C₁-C₄)-alkyl]₂; and

(ag) -CONH-SO₂-perfluoro-(C₁-C₄)-alkyl,

(ah) -CONHSO₂NR^2aR^2a; and

or

and

R⁵ is :

(a) CN,

(b) NO₂, or

(c) CO₂R^2a; and

R⁹ and R¹⁰ are independently:

(a) H,

(b) (C₁-C₆)-alkyl, unsubstituted or substituted with (C₃-C₇)-cycloalkyl,

(c) (C₂-C₆)-alkenyl,

(d) (C₂-C₆)-alkynyl,

(e) Cl, Br, F, I,

(f) (C₁-C₆)-alkoxy,

(g) when R⁹ and R¹⁰ are on adjacent carbons, they can be joined to form an phenyl ring,

(h) ρerfluoro-(C₁-C₆)-alkyl,

(i) (C₃-C₇)-cycloalkyl, unsubstituted or

substituted with (C₁-C₆)-alkyl,

(j) aryl; and is :

(a) -O-,

(b) -S(O)_n-,

(c) -NR¹³-

(d) -CH₂O-,

(e) -CH₂S(O)_n,

(f) -CH₂NR¹³ -,

(g) -OCH₂-,

(h) -NR¹³CH₂--

(i) -S(O)_nCH₂-,

(j) -CH₂-,

(k) -(CH₂)₂-,

(l) single bond, or (m) -CH=, wherein Y and R¹² are absent forming a -C=C- bridge to the carbon bearing Z and R¹¹: and Y is :

(a) single bon

(b) -O-,

(c) -S(O)n-,

(d) -NR¹³-, or

(e) -CH₂- ; and

Except that X and Y are not defined in such a way that the carbon atom to which Z is attached also simultaneously is bonded to two heteroatoms (O, N, S, SO, SO₂).

R¹¹ and R¹² are independently:

(a) H,

(b) (C₁-C₆)-alkyl unsubstituted or substituted with:

(i) aryl, or

(ii) (C₃-C₇)-cycloalkyl,

(c) aryl, unsubstituted or substituted with 1 to 5 substitutents selected from the group consisting of:

i) Cl, Br, I, F,

ii) (C₁-C₆)-alkyl,

iii) [(C₁-C₅)-alkenyl]CH₂-,

iv) [(C₁-C₅)-alkynyl]CH₂-₎

v) (d₁-C₅)-alkoxy,

vi) (C₁-C₅)-alkylthio,

vii) -NO₂,

viii) -CF₃, ix) -CO₂R^2a, or

x) -OH; and

(d) aryl-(C₁-C₂)-alkyl, unsubstituted or substituted with 1 to 5 substitutents selected from the group consisting of: i) Cl, Br, I, F,

ii) (C₁-C₆)-alkyl,

iii) [(C₁-C₅)-alkenyl]CH₂-,

iv) [(C₁-C₅)-alkynyl]CH₂-,

v) (C₁-C₅)-alkoxy,

vi) (C₁-C₅)-alkylthio,

vii) -NO₂,

viii) -CF₃,

ix) -CO₂R^2a, or

x) -OH; and

(e) (C₃-C₇)-cycloalkyl; and

R¹³ is :

(a) H,

(b) (C₁-C₆)-alkyl,

(c) aryl,

(d) aryl-(C₁-C₆)-alkyl-(C=O)-,

(e) (C₁-C₆)-alkyl-(C=O)-,

(f) [(C₂-C₅)-alkenyl]CH₂-,

(g) C(C₂-C₅)-alkynyl]CH₂-, or

(h) aryl-CH₂-; and

Z is

(a) -CO₂H,

(b) -CO₂-(C₁-C₆)-alkyl,

(c) -tetrazol-5-yl,

(d) -CO-NH(tetrazol-5-yl)

(e) -CONH-SO₂-aryl, (f) -CONH-SO₂-(C₁-C₈)-alkyl, wherein the alkyl group is unsubstituted or substituted with a substituent selected from the group consisting of: -OH, -SH, -O(C₁-C₄)-alkyl, -S-(C₁-C₄)-alkyl, -CF₃, Cl, Br, F, I, -NO₂, -C0₂H, -C0₂-(C₁-C4)-alkyl, -NH₂,

-NH[(C₁-C₄)-alkyl], -N[(C₁-C₄)-alkyl]₂; and

(g) -CONH-SO₂-perfluoro-(C₁-C₄)-alkyl,

(h) -CONH-SO₂-heteroaryl, or

(i) -CONHSO₂NR^2aR^2a; and

(j) -SO₂NHCO-aryl,

(k) -SO₂NHCO-(C₁-C₈)-alkyl, wherein the alkyl group is unsubstituted or substituted with a substituent selected from the group consisting of: -OH, -SH, -O(C₁-C₄)-alkyl, -S-(C₁-C₄)-alkyl, -CF₃, Cl, Br, F, I, -NO₂, -CO₂H, -CO₂-(C₁-C₄)-alkyl, -NH₂,

-NH[(C₁-C₄)-alkyl], -N[(C₁-C₄)-alkyl]₂; and

(l) -SO₂NHCO-perfluoro-(C₁-C₄)-alkyl,

(m) -SO₂NHCO-heteroaryl,

(n) -SO₂NHCONR^2aR^2a;

(o) -PO(OH)₂,

(p) -PO(OR²)₂, or

(q) -PO(OH)(OR²); and R¹⁴ is :

(a) H,

(b) (C₁-C₈)-alkyl,

(c) (C₁-C₈)-perfluoroalkyl,

(d) (C₃-C₆)-cycloalkyl,

(e) phenyl, or

(f) benzyl; and R¹⁵ is:

(a) H,

(b) (C₁-C₆)-alkyl,

(c) (C₃-C₆)-cycloalkyl, (d) (CH₂)_p-phenyl,

(e) OR¹⁷,

(f) morpholin-4-yl, or (g) NR¹⁸R¹⁹; and

R ¹⁶ is

(a) (C₁-C₈)-alkyl,

(b) (C₁-C₈)-perfluoroalkyl, (c) 1-adamantyl,

(d) 1-naphthyl,

(e) (1-naphthyl)ethyl, or (f) -(CH₂)p-phenyl; and

R¹⁷ is

(a ) H,

(b) (C₁-C₆)-alkyl,

(c) (C₃-C₆)-cycloalkyl, (d) phenyl, or

(e) benzyl; and

R¹⁸ and R¹⁹ are independently:

(a) H,

(b) (C₁-C₄)-alkyl,

(c) phenyl,

(d) benzyl, or

(e) α-methylbenzyl; and R²⁰ is :

(a) aryl, or

(b) heteroaryl, unsubstituted or substituted with one or two substituents selected from the group consisting of:

(i) (C₁-C₄)-alkyl,

(ii) (C₁-C₄)-alkoxyl,

(iii) Br, Cl, I, F, or

(iv) CH₂-aryl.

2. A compound which is

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof wherein: R¹ is (C₂-C₄)-alkyl, or cyclopropyl; and

R³ is H, Cl, (C₁-C₄)-perfluoroalkyl,

(C₁-C₄)-alkyl, aryl, CH₂-aryl; and

R⁴ is CO₂H, CH₂OH, or CO₂(C₁-C₄)-alkyl; and

R⁹ and R¹⁰ are independently: (Ci-C^-alkyl,

(C₁-C₆)-alkenyl or (C₁-C₆)-alkynyl,

(C₁-C₄)-alkoxyl, Cl, Br, I, F,

(C₃-C₈)-cycloalkyl, or aryl wherein aryl is defined as phenyl or naphthyl, unsubstituted or substituted with 1 or 2 substituents selected from the group consisting of:

Cl, Br, F, I, (C₁-C₄)-alkyl, (C₁-C₄)-alkoxy, NO₂, CF₃, SO₂NR^2aR^2a, (C₁-C₄)-alkylthio, hydroxy, amino, (C₃-C₇)-cycloalkyl, (C₃-C₁₀)-alkenyl; and

R¹¹ is phenyl, unsubstituted or substituted with Br, Cl, F, I, (C₁-C₄)-alkyl or (C₁-C₄)-acyl; and

Z is tetrazol-5-yl, carboxyl or

CO₂(C₁-C₄)-alkyl.

3. A compound which is

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof

wherein:

Z is CO₂H, CO₂-(C₁-C₄)-alkyl or 1H-tetrazol-5-yl; and

R⁹ and R¹⁰ are independently: (C₁-C₆)-alkyl,

(C₁-C₆)-alkenyl or (C₁-C₆)-alkynyl, (C₁-C₄)-alkoxyl, Cl, Br, I, F,

(C₃-C₈)-cycloalkyl, or aryl, wherein aryl is defined as phenyl or naphthyl, unsubstituted or substituted with 1 or 2 substituents selected from the group consisting of:

Cl, Br, F, I, (C₁-C₄)-alkyl,

(C₁-C₄)-alkoxy, N0₂, CF₃, SO₂NR^2aR^2a,

(C₁-C₄)-alkylthio, hydroxy, amino, (C₃-C₇)-cycloalkyl, (C₃-C₁₀)-alkenyl; and R¹¹ is H, or benzyl; and

R¹³ is H, CH₃(CH₂)₃C(=O)-, C₆H₅CH₂CH₂C(=O)-, or

C₆H₅CH₂C(=O)).

4. A compound which is

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof wherein:

R¹ is: (C₁-C₄)-alkyl and cyclopropyl; and

R^2a is: H, (C₁-C₆)-alkyl, benzyl, or phenyl; and

R³ is H, Cl, (C₁-C₄)-perfluoroalkyl,

(C₁-C₄)-alkylamino, (C₁-C₄)-acylamino; and

R⁴ is CO₂H, CH₂OH, or CO₂(C₁-C₄)-alkyl; and

R⁹ and R¹⁰ are independently: (C₁-C₆)-alky!, (C₁-C₆)-alkenyl or (C₁-C₆)-alkynyl, (C₁-C₄)-alkoxyl, Cl, Br , I, F,

(C₃-C₈)-cycloalkyl, or aryl; and R¹¹ is: aryl or aryl-CH₂-, wherein the aryl is unsubstituted or substituted with 1 or 2 substituents selected from the group

consisting of:

Br, Cl, F, I, (C₁-C₄)-alkyl,

(C₁-C₄)-alkoxyl, NO₂, CF₃,

(C₁-C₄)-alkylthio, OH, -NR^2aR^2a and

X is: O, NR¹³, CH₂, or -CH=, which is double

bonded to the carbon bearing Z and R¹¹; and

R¹³ is: H, (C₁-C₆)-alkyl, (C₁-C₆)-alkenyl, aryl; and

Z is: CO₂H, CO₂-(C₁-C₄)-alkyl, 1H-tetrazol-5-yl, -CONHSO₂-aryl, wherein aryl is defined as phenyl or naphthyl, unsubstituted, mono- or disubstituted with substituents selected from the group consisting of:

H, (C₁-C₄)-alkyl, (C₁-C₄)-alkoxy, NO₂, CF₃, SO₂NR^2aR^2a, (C₁-C₄)-alkylthio, hydroxy, amino, (C₃-C₇)-cycloalkyl, (C₃-C₁₀)-alkenyl, ^or

-CONHSO₂-heteroaryl, wherein heteroaryl is defined as a 5- or 6-membered heteroaromatic moiety, which can contain one or two members selected from the group consisting of N, O, S, andis unsubstituted, mono- or

disubstituted with substituents selected from the group consisting of:

Br, Cl, F, I, OH, SH, NO₂,

(C₁-C₄)-alkyl, (C₂-C₄)-alkenyl, (C₂-C₄)-alkynyl, (C₁-C₄)-alkoxy, or CF₃. A compound which is

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof wherein:

R¹ is: (C₁-C₄)-alkyl and cyclopropyl; and

R^2a is: H, (C₁-C₆)-alkyl, benzyl, or phenyl; and

R³ is H, Cl, (C₁-C4)-ρerfluoroalkyl,

(C₁-C₄)-alkylamino, (C₁-C₄)-acylamino; and

R⁴ is CO₂H, CH₂OH, or CO₂(C₁-C₄)-alkyl; and

R⁹ and R¹⁰ are independently: (C₁-C₆)-alkyl, (C₁-C₆)-alkenyl or (C₁-C₆)-alkynyl, (C₁-C₄)-alkoxyl, Cl, Br, I, F,

(C₃-C₈)-cycloalkyl, or aryl; and R¹¹ is: aryl or aryl-CH₂-, wherein the aryl is unsubstituted or substituted with 1 or 2 substituents selected from the group consisting of:

Br, Cl, F, I, (C₁-C₄)-alkyl, (C₁-C₄)-alkoxyl, NO₂, CF₃, (C₁-C

R₄)-alkylthio, OH, -NR^2aR^2a and

R¹² is H, OH, or (C₁-C₄)-alkyl; and

Z is CO₂H, CO₂-(C₁-C₄)-alkyl or 1H-tetrazol-5-yl

6. A compound of claim 1 wherein said compound and its pharmaceutically acceptable salts is selected from the group consisting of:

2-Butyl-1-[4-(N-(l(R)-carbomethoxy-1-benzyl)methyl) aminomethylphenyl]methyl-4-chloro-5-hydroxymethyl- imidazole;

2-Butyl-1-[4-(N-(l(R)-carboxy-1-benzyl)methyl)amino- methylphenyl]methyl-4-chloro-5-hydroxymethylimidazole;

2-Butyl-1-[4-(N-(1(R)-carbomethoxy-1-benzyl)methyl- methyl-N-pentanoyl)aminomethylphenyl]-4-chloro-5- hydroxymethylimidazole;

2-Butyl-1-[4-(N-(l(R)-carboxy-1-benzyl)methyl-N- pentanoyl)aminomethyl-phenyl]methyl-4-chloro-5-hydroxy methylimidazole;

2-Butyl-1-(4-(N-(1-(R)-carboxy-1-benzyl)methyl-N- (3-phenyl)propionyl)aminomethylphenyl]methyl-4- chloroimidazole;

2-Butyl-1-(4-N-(l(R)-carbomethoxy-1-benzyl)methyl- N-(phenylacetyl)aminomethylphenyl]methyl-4- chloro-5-hydroxymethylimidazole;

2-Butyl-1-[4-(N-(1(R)-carboxy-1-benzyl-methyl- N-(phenylacetyl)aminomethylphenyl]methyl- 4-chloro-5-hydroxymethylimidazole;

2-Butyl-1-[4-(N-(1(S)-carbomethoxy-1-benzyl)amino- methylphenyl]methyl-4-chloro-5-hydroxymethylimidazole; 2-Butyl-1-[4-(N-(1(S)-carboxy-1-benzyl)aminomethyl- phenyl]methyl-4-chloro-5-hydroxy-methylimidazole;

2-Butyl-1-[4-(N-(1(S)-carbomethoxy-1-benzyl)-N- pentanoyl)aminomethylphenyl]methyl-4-chloro-5- hydroxymethylimidazole;

2-Butyl-1-[4-(N-(1(S)-carboxy-1-benzyl)methyl-N-pent- anoyl)aminomethylphenyl]methyl-4-chloro-5-hydroxy- methylimidazole;

2-Butyl-5-t-butyldimethylsilyloxymethyl-1-[4-(1-carbo- methoxy-1,1-dibenzyl)methyl)aminomethylphenyl]methyl- 4-chlorimidazole;

2-Butyl-1-[4-(N-(1-carbomethoxy-1,1-dibenzyl)methyl)- aminomethylphenyl]methyl-4-chloro-5-hydroxymethyl- imidazole;

2-Butyl-1-[4-(N-(1-carboxy-1,1-dibenzyl)methyl)amino- methylphenyl]phenyl]methyl-4-chloro-5-hydroxymethyl- imidazole ;

1-[4-(1-(N-benzyl-N-pentanoyl)amino-1-(tetrazol-5- ylmethylphenyl]methyl-2-butyl-5-t-butyldimethylsilyl- oxymethyl-4-chloroimidazole ;

2-Butyl-4-chloro-5-hydroxymethyl-3-[4-(1-(1 ' -hydroxy- 1-phenyl-1-tetrazol-5-yl )methylphenyl]methylimidazole ;

2-Butyl-1-[4-(1-carboxy-1-(2-chloro)phenyl)methoxy- phenyl]methyl-4-chloro-5-hydroxymethylimidazole ; 2-Butyl-1-[4-(1-carboxy-1-phenyl)methoxy-3,5-dipropyl- phenyl]methyl-4-chloro-5-hydroxymethylimidazole;

2-Butyl-4-chloro-5-hydroxymethyl-1-[4-(1-phenyl-1- tetrazol-5-yl))methylphenyl]methylimidazole; and

2-Butyl-1-[4-(N-(1-carboxy-1-(2-phenyl)ethyl)amino- phenyl]methyl-4-chloro-5-hydroxymethylimidazole.

7. A pharmaceutical composition useful in the treatment of hypertension which comprises a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier and a

therapeutically effective amount of a compound of Claim 1.

8. The composition of Claim 7 which

includes another antihypertensive agent selected from a diuretic, an angiotensin converting enzyme

inhibitor a calcium channel blocker and a β-blocker which are members selected from the group consisting of:

amiloride, atenolol, bendroflumethiazide,

chlorothalidone, chlorothiazide, clonidine, cryptenamine acetates and cryptenamine tannates, deserpidine, diazoxide, guanethidine sulfate, hydralazine hydrochloride, hydrochlorothiazide, methyldopa, methyldopate hydrochloride,

minoxidil, pargyline hydrochloride, polythiazide, prazosin, propranolol, rauwolfia serpentina, rescinnamine, reserpine, sodium nitroprusside, spironolactone, timolol maleate,

trichlormethiazide, trimethophan camsylate, benzthiazide, quinethazone, ticrynafan, triamterene, acetazolamide, aminophylline, cyclothiazide, ethacrynic acid, furosemide, merethoxylline procaine, sodium ethacrynate, captopril, delapril hydrochloride, enalapril, enalaprilat, fosinopril sodium, lisinopril, pentopril, quinapril hydrochloride, ramapril, teprotide, zofenopril calcium, diflunisal, diltiazem, felodipine, nicardipine, nifedipine, niludipine, nimodipine, nisoldipine,

nitrendipine, as well as admixtures and

combinations thereof.

9. A method of treating hypertension which comprises administering to a patient in need of such treatment a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of Claim 1.

10. An ophthalmological formulation for the treatment of ocular hypertension comprising an ophthalmologically acceptable carrier and an

effective ocular antihypertensive amount of a

compound of Claim 1.

11. A method of treating ocular

hypertension comprising topical ocular administration to a patient in need of such treatment of an

effective ocular antihypertensive amount of a

compound of Claim 1.

12. A method of treating cognitive dysfunction, anxiety, or depression comprising administering to a patient in need of such treatment, a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of Claim 1.