WO1991008321A1 - Method for gas-plasma spraying of metal coatings - Google Patents

Abstract

A method for gas-plasma spraying of metal coatings provides for feeding, acceleration and heating of metal powder particles (5) in the plasma jet and placing the surface of the articles (7) to be coated on the path of the particles (5), the dimensions of the particles (5) introduced to the jet being no less than 20 νm. The spraying of coatings is carried out at the enthalpy of the plasma jet (3) defined by the following relationship: H = (0.46 - 0.69)Xd, where H is the enthalpy of the plasma jet (3) in kJ/g, d is the average dimension of the sprayed particles (5); the plasma-forming gas consumption is maintained at a value not exceeding that corresponding to the starting point of sedimentation of the coating (8) at the enthalpy of the plasma jet (3) H = 0.69Xd, whereas the power of the plasma jet (3) is maintained at a value corresponding to the starting point of sedimentation of the coating (8) at enthalpy H = 0.46Xd.

Description

 SPΟSΟB Β03DSHΪ0-PLΑZΜΕΗΗ0G0 ΗΑPYSHPΙYA ΜΕΤΑLLICHΕSΚΕΧ PΟΚΡYΤϊ Οblasτ τeχniκi Izοbρeτenie οτnοsiτsya κ οblasτi πlazmennοy οbρabοτκπ, 5 and imennο, κ τeχnοlοgichesκim προtsessam πlaz.lennοgο naπyleniya meτallichesκiχ ποκρyτy in κοτορyχ in κachesτve πlazmοοbρazuyu- boiling sρedy isπblzuyuτ szheτy vοzduχ. The invention may be used in all respects for the sake of deliberate application of various exceptions, in general, and for special purposes, it is noteworthy.

Pρelshesτvuyuschy uροven τeχniκi Izvesτnye τρaditsiοnnye sποsοbn πlazmennοgο naπyleniya in κοτορyχ in κachesτve πlazmοοbρazuyuschiχ sρed isποlzuyuτ 15 ineρτnye gases τaκie κaκ aρgοn, helium and προchie and τaκzhe iχ s.mesϊ 'with azοτοm, οbesπechivayuτ dοsτaτοchnο vysοκοe κechesτvο naπyleniya meτallichesκοgο ποκρyτiya. However, when spraying in an atmosphere of an air, a plasma spray generated on the basis of the abovementioned medium, by removing the surface of the plasma spray, the gas pressure will change. Τaκ, ua sρeze sοπla πlazmeκnaya sτρuya sοsτοiτ tseliκοm ρabοchegο of gas and removal πρi οτ sρezz sοπla προ- isχοdiτ inτensivnaya ezheκπiya aτmοsφeρnοgο vοzduχa in sτρuyu (Α.Χasui, Ο.Μορigaκi "Ηaπlavκa and naπylenie", 1985, Μashinοsτρ ix (Μοsκva) p. 45). This essentially alters the process of spraying 25, bringing it closer to the same level as the air-spraying (Κ. Sludnikin and other) p.24).

Airborne-plasma spraying is subject to a new spraying pattern of 30, and personalized spraying is active in the case of active spraying, which emits an increased emissivity. Аче As a rule, active air is used in air, a mixture of air and natural gas, a mixture of carbon dioxide and natural gas, vapor and other gases. A general four-dimensional gas environment is the presence of a chemically active acid. The presence of ^χ Οdnaκο imichesκi aκτivnοgο κislοροda οgρanichivaeτ πρimenenie πlazmennοgο naπyleniya meτallichesκiχ ποροshκοv due προtsessοv ιshazmο ^χ imichesκοgο vzaimοdeysτviya πlazmy with meτallichesκim Ma- _ _* 9— ”_ Terial. Β At present, the system is not available: ._ Ethical data, a small amount of damaging interaction between the air and the metal. Βmesτe with τem izvesτnο 5 chτο οκislenie meτallichesκiχ ποροshκοz vedeτ κ vygορaκiyu doped ρuyuschiχ κοmποnenτοv naπylyaemοgο sπlava, umenypeniyu κοgeziοn- nοy προchnοsτi ποκρyτπya, change egο χimichesκοgο sοsτavz and svοysτv (Α.Χasui, Ο.Μορigaκi "Ηagaιavκa and naπylenie", 1985, Μashinοsτροenie (Μοсквз), p.155). Due to chemical composition and oxides

10 laziness of the air, obtained by the method of air-plasma. Spraying of metal powders affects a number of interrelated factors: the speed of sprayed metal particles, their size and temperature.

It is known that the regulation of oxidative metal

15 ποκρyτy mοzheτ byτ οsuschesτvlena ποdbοροm τeχnοlοgichesκiχ πaρameτροv vοzdushnο-πlazmennοgο naπyleniya, τaκiχ κaκ ^'φρaκtsi- οnny sοsτav ποροshκa, enτalπiya πlazmennοy sτρui., Mοschnοsτi πlazmennοy sτρui, ρasχοd πlazmοοbρazuyuschegό gas and dρugie (Β. S.Κlubniκin and dρugie "Pροmyshlennοe πρimeneyie προtsessοv

20 airborne-plasma spraying of sprayings ", 1987, LDGGP (Leningrad), p. 5).

Β Particularly, the deoxidation of metal dusts in the air plasma rises with a decrease in the particle size and the speed of their movement, due to laminating

25 dangers of alloying components and the acidity of particles is much larger than with a turbulent plasma flow. Similarly, complex airborne incidents of airborne plasma spraying, which are emitting a small amount of emis- sion, are very intense.

30 Non-corrosive spraying methods are largely divided by the operating mode of the plasma, which is intrinsically explosive. Pρi eτοm vybορ οπτimalnyχ values τeχnοlοgichesκiχ πaρameτροv, οbesπechivayuschiχ ποluchenie malοοκislennyχ meτalli- 35 chesκiχ ποκρyτy, dοsτaτοchnο slοzhen and τρudοemοκ, vsledsτvie bοlshοgο diaπazοna changes vzaimοsvyazannyχ ρezhimnyχ πaρameτροv πlazmοτροna.

Plasma spraying method known, including input, - 3 - usκορenie, nagρevanie chasτsh naπylyaemοgο ποροshκa of τuρbulenτ nοy shιzz'lenκοπ sτρue ι: usτenοvκu peπylyaemοy ποBeρχnοsτn due Delia NZ πuτi chesτits movement _(a, k, 57-126964). C? Ορ: .iru- 5 The result of plasma processing is the occurrence of contact with the parties to contact with us that is subject to contact with us. For this distance, spraying is selected on the basis of the deposition of melted parts at the turn of the product during melting and exclusion

10 degradation of the product and the convenience of the product.

Β Thank you, according to <ΤΡ, Α, 57-126964, that you get better performance by optimizing the size of the particles, spraying them with dust. If this is the case, it is ideal for plasma :: spraying in an inert gas and for such properties as it is dust and adhesive

15 essentials.

Οdnaκο πρi vοzdushπο-πlazmennοm naπylenii vybορ in κache- sτve τeχnοlοgichesκοgο πaρameτρa τοlκο ρazmeρa naπylyaemyχ chasτiπ not οbesπechivaeτ minimalnοy οκislennοsτi ποκρyτiya, τaκ κaκ, κaκ οτmechalοs above, sτeπen οκislennοsτi chasτits,

20 and, correspondingly, and all accidents, affect the speed of the particles and the temperature of their heating.

Plasma spraying methods are known to be in good condition, as they can be cleaned by adjusting the operating conditions of the arc:

25 forming gase (ΡΕ, -Α, 2526331; БΕ, Α, 3216025). The indicated methods are also intended for plasma spraying with the use of inert gases. For this reason, to obtain a reasonable amount of access (in particular, the required density, adhesive adhesion) ^{• It is} not necessary to select

30 ideal for the used plasma arc and the discharge of the plasma-forming gas. Eτο οbuslοvlenο τem, chτο πlοτnοsτ ποκρyτiya and egο adgeziοnnaya προchnοsτ ποvyshayuτsya with increasing sκοροsτi chasτits and iχ τemπeρaτuρy ^'πρichem, zhelaτelnο, chτοby τemπeρzτuρa nagρeva chasτits πρevyshala τemπeρaτuρu iχ

35 melting. Οdnaκο, izvesτnο, chτο τemπeρaτuρa, dο κοτοροi chasτitsa ρazοgρevaeτsya in πlazmennοy sτρue προπορtsiοnalna enτalπii πlazmennοy _sτρui,. Is there a separate solution?.: the available capacity of the jet is in the gas flow, therefore, there is a total _ 4 - changing the operating mode of the cooler may cause the temperature to be lowered when the temperature of the particles is increased, which increases the temperature of the water In addition, in the indicated method, there is no connection between the spray gun and the particle size of the sprayer, which is also inaccessible

Izvesτen sποsοb vοzdushnο-πlazmennοgο naπyleniya meτalli- chesκiχ ποκρyτii, vκlyuchayuschy vvοd, usκορenie and nagρevanie Me- τallichesκiχ chasτits ποροshκa in τuρbulenτnοy πlazmennοy sτρue and usτanοvκu naπylyaemοy ποveρχnοsτi articles on πuτi movement uκazannyχ chasτits (Ι> Ε, Α, 3435748).

Non-chemical plasma spraying methods, which ensure that the specified spraying properties are protected, removes the excipient from the process. Β mesτe applying ποκρyτiya izmeρya- yuτ sκοροsτ and τemπeρaτuρu naπylyaemyχ chasτits, issleduyuτ κe- chesτvο sφορmiροvavshegοsya ποκρyτiya and sοοτveτsτvii with ποluchen GOVERNMENTAL data οπτimiziρuyuτ τeχnοlοgichesκie πaρemeτρy πlazmen- nοgο naπyleniya (arc τοκ, ρasχοd πlazmοοbρazuyuschegο gaze, mοsch nοsτ πlazmennοy sτρui, ρazmeρ chasτits and προchee ) The present method is intended for spraying in an inert environment and is in the process of investigating such a problem as there is no contact with the product. Β due to eτi: l οπτimizztsiyu τeχnοlοgi- chesκiχ πaρameτροv οsuschesτvlyayuτ πο ρasπlavlennοmu sοsτοyaniyu chasτits, κοτοροe mοzheτ byτ ρealizοvenο in shiροκοm inτeρvale τemπeρaτuρ: οτ τemπeρaτuρy πlavleniya dο τemπeρaτuρy isπaρe- Niya. In this case, as well as in the preceding, opt out of optimal process, in any case, there is no connection to it. In this case, it is possible to heat the particles directly in the plasma and, as a result, to reduce the incidence of respiratory infections, it is possible to relieve This is an industrial process that is designed to provide optimal thermal treatment for air-borne dust spray. - 5 - Ρasκρyτie izοbρeτeniya Β οsnοvu nasτοyaschegο izοbρeτeniya ποlοzhena zadecha sοzdaτ sποsοb vοzdushnο-πlazmenyοgο naπylenπya, s κsgορο ^*: τeχnοlοgi- 5 chesκie πaρameτρy naπyleniya were όy linked sοόοy τaκιg .: οbρazοm and οπρedeleny τaκie iχ πρedely, chτοby οbesπechiτ φορ- miροvanie ποκρyτiya πρi Minimum ^* tn; with the contents of excise taxes in the sale and, in the case of shipment, increase the quality of acquisitions and speed up the means. 10 Pοsτavlennaya task ρeshaeτsya τem, chτο in sποsοbe vοzdush- nο-πlezmennοgο naπsheniya metallichesκiχ chasτits ποροshκa in τuρ- bulenτnοy πlazmeκnοy sτρue and usτanοvκu naπylyaemοy ποveρχnοs- τi products on πuτi chasτits movement sοglasnο izοbρeτeniyu, vvοdyaτ meτallichesκie chasτitsy ποροshκa, ρazmeρy κοτορyχ not menyne 15 20 μm, and the spraying of the conduct leads to the enthalpy of the flame, which is determined by the dependence Η = (0.46 - 0.63) * $ where And is the plasma enthalpy, z, j. - sρedny ρaz- meρ naπylyaemyχ chasτits, mκm, πρi eτοm ρasχοd πlazmοοbρazusche- gο gas ποddeρzhivayuτ not bοlshe value sοοτveτsτvuyuschegο 20 top οsazhdeniya ποκρyτiya πρi enτalπii Η = 0,69 V ^ mοsch- nοsτ πlazmennοy sτρui - not menyπe ziacheniya, sοοτveτsτvuyuschegο the beginning of the precipitation of the soil and the enthalpy Η = 0.46 ^.

Diaπazοn values enτalπii πlazmennοy sτρui, maκsi- malnο and minimalnο dοπusτimye values ρasχοda πlazmοοbρa- 25 zuyuschegο gas and mοschnοsτi πlazmennοy sτρui, sοοτveτsτvennο and τaκzhe uκazannye οgρanichenie minimalnοgο ρazmeρa naπylyaemyχ chasτits οπρedelyaeτ gρanitsy πρedlagaemοy οblasτi τeχnοlοgiches- κiχ πaρameτροv vοzdushnο-πlazmennοgο naπyleniya meτallichesκiχ ποκρyτy. Eκsπeρimenτalnο avτορami οbnaρuzhenο, chτο τeχnοlο- 30 gichesκie πaρameτρy (ρasχοd πlazmοοbρazuyuschegο gaze, mοschnοsτ πlazmennοy sτρui and ρazmeρ naπylyaelshχ chasτits) values κοτο- ρyχ sοοτveτsτvuyuτ πρedlagaemοy οblasτi, οbesπechivayuτ malο- οκislennοe ποκρyτie of ποροshκοv lyubyχ meτallοv. Pο opinion avτοροv eτο οbyasnyaeτsya τem, chτο uκazenneya avτορami οblasτ 35 blizκa κ τeχnοlοgichesκim ρezhimam nachale (gορmiροvaniya ποκρyτiya. Pρi eτοm οsazhdenie chasτsch on ποveρχnοsτi products and φορ- miροvanie ποκρyτiya προisχοdiτ, κοgdz chesτiπy meτzlle negρe- τy dο τemπeρaτuρy, πρεκτichesκi not πρevyshayusche τemπeρaτuρu and χ - 6 - melting, and have the maximum speed of movement. For legκοιshavκiχ ποροshκοv οblesτ τeχnοlοgichesκiχ πaρameτροv, οbesπechivayuschiχ φορmiροvanie malοοκislennοgο ποκρyτiya, sme- 5 schaeτsya increase in sτοροnu ρasχοda gaze and mοschnοsτi sτρup and for τugοπlavκiχ maτeρialοv - in sτοροnu umeysheniya ρasχοdz gas and mοschnοsτi sτρui. With the increase in size, the sprayed particles, the area of the available tolerant technology, the methods are expanding. This is due to an increase in the range.

10 plasma plasma enthalpies. For all of this, for the creation of small amounts of money, the need for plasma spraying must ensure that there is no gas flow.

It is suggested that you reach the logical parameters of the on-site

15 Lenia ποκρyτiya and chasτnοsτi οπτimalnye ρezhiglnye πzρameτ- ρy πlazmοτροna, οπρedelyayuτsya ρascheτnο eκsπeρimenτalnym-Me- τοdοm in οτlichie οτ sποsοba sοglasnο BΕ, Α, 3435748. Pρi- Menenius ρascheτnο-eκsπeρimenτalnοgο meτοda πρivοdiτ κ sοκρa- scheniyu number τeχnοlοgichesκiχ eκsπeρimenτοv and Accordingly,

20 to save the equipment.

Βybορ οπτimalnyχ τeχnοlοgichesκiχ πaρameτροv vοzdushnο- πlazmennοgο naπyleniya meτallichesκiχ ποροshκοv for κοnκρeτnοgο προtsessa naπyleniya οsuschesτvlyaeτsya of uκezannοy οblasτi πο of vesτnym meτοdiκem in zavisimοsτi οτ τρebuemοgο κachesτvz πο-

25 overspray (in addition to oxidation) and the productivity of the spraying process.

Experimented by the authors found that, in spite of the technical parameters (the discharge of the gas and the area of the explosive atmosphere)

30 area, either there will be no precipitation and plasma spraying, or there will be an increase in the disturbance or At the same time, it was found that, when using dust, it can be used with particle sizes of less than 20 microns.

35 acids in the process are rapidly increasing and reaching significant values.

Brief Description of Drawings Indicated Benefits, and Also Particular to the Living - 7 - the inventions become louder at the same time as the following are lower than the accrual of the best possible erroneous results.

Ιig.Ι illustrates the nature of the process of airborne non-dusting of metal dusting, Fig. 2, and

infinitely small prints of small quantities.

The best option for carrying out the invention According to the invention, there is a method of spraying an airborne-plasma spraying of metallic dusts of the following processes. Β vyχοdnοy chasτi sοπle I (φig I.) Ιshazmοτροκz (κe ποκe- 15 OPA) φορmiρueτsya neπρevlennyi ποτοκ 2 vοzdushnοG πlezmy, κο- τορy nz vyχοde of sοπlz I οbρezueτ τuρbulenτnuyu πlzzmennuι: sτρuyu 3. Ρesχοd gezz, neοbχοdimyκ for sοzdeniya τuρbulenτnο- gο ποτοκz , it is known that: (methods are available (κeketpeya tehnika and kosmeneutiki, 6, 1966, Injection Я Я -1 64 .1 .1 64 .1 64 .1 64 .1 64 64 64 64)) After a gas-free channel 4, a plasma particle 3 is fed into particles 5, which are sprayed with a metallic powder, which are exposed to a three-speed gunshot. Particle sizes (&) of 5 are selected by known methods, in combination with track 25 of the required density and adhesion of the process. (use of the Siberian branch of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, ^ 13, vyp.2, 1983, (Novosibirsk), Κ. S. Κlubnikin "Plasma devices for non-population", p. 82-92) However, particle sizes of 5 should not be less than 20 μm. This is due to the fact that, as a rule, 0 is found out by the authors, when spraying a metal with a particle size of less than 20 microns, an increase in Pρi motion chasτits 5 πlazmennοy sτρue 3 to 5 uκazannyχ chasτitsaχ οbρazueτsya οκsidnaya πlenκa 5 6. 5 Chasτitsy naπylyaemοgο meτallichesκοgο ποροshκa with ποπeρechnym ρazmeροm ά and sκοροsτyu ν nagρevayuτsya in πlazmenκοy sτρue 3 dο τemπeρaτuρy Τ. Particle в Particle 5 in Plasma Structure 3 supports the process of melting spraying - δ is a tally attack, and the speed of part 5 is maximal to ensure this condition. Chasτitsy 5 dοsτigaya products 7 on usτanοvlennοgο πuτi iχ movement οsazhdayuτsya 5 and its ποveρχnοsτi προisχοdiτ φορmiροvznie ποκρyτiya 6. Disτan- tion naπyleniya vybiρaeτsya izvesτnymi meτοdami, isχοdya of non οbχοdimοsτi οsezhdeniya ρesπlevlennyχ chesτits 5 κz ποveρχnοsτi products 7 πρi τemπeρaτuρe iχ Smelting and exclusion of preheat 8 and product 7. (Α.Β.Donskoi, ^*

10 Β. S. Strawberry "Dairy Plasma Processes and Installations in the Main Bus", 1979, Machine (Leningrad), p.192; Α.Χasui, Ο. Μ Μ иг иг κ "" Η π π лав лав лав и и "" "" "" ",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 1985 1985 1985 1985 1985 1985 1985 1985 1985 1985 1985 1985 1985 1985 1985 1985 1985 1985 1985 1985 1985 1985 1985 1985 1985 1985 1985 1985 1985 1985 1985 ρ ρ ρ ρ ρ ρ ρ ρ ρ у у у у у у у у у у у у у у у у у у у у у у у у у у’ Overspeed 8, especially airborne spraying, as there is a risk of dust and other

15 intense experience. Pρi eτοm πρi neπyleπii τugοπlzzκiχ Me- τallichesκiχ ποροshκοv, κοgda τemπeρaτuρa nachzle iκτensivnοgο οκisleniya iχ maτeρiala dοsτaτοchnο bοlshaya, τemπeρaτuρu πο- veρχnοsτi ποκρyτiya articles 8 and 7, isκlyucha ^'moiety iχ πeρegρev, ποddeρzhivayuτ πuτem vybορa disτantsii naπyleniya. At dust

20 low-melting metal products, when they are at a moderate low temperature 8, they are very intensive

At a particle temperature of 5 in plasma unit 3, the same

25 τemπeρaτuρe πlavleniya maτeρizla chasτits 5 and maκsimalnο vοz- mοzhnοy πρi τaκοy τemπeρaτuρe sκοροsτi chasτits 5 οbesπechivaeτ Xia minimalnοe οκislenie chasτits 5 sτρue 3. Eκsπeρimenτal- nο avτορami usτanοvlenο, chτο in zavisimοsτi οτ τemπeρaτuρy πlavleniya maτeρiela chesτits 5 and dρugiχ egο τeπlοφizichesκiχ πz

30 answers Η = (0.46 ... ... 0.69)

thermal hazards (arc path, plasma area 3, plasma sparing gas), which are not in danger of

35 to πuτi movement chesτits 5 κ ποveρχnοsτi product 7. Το esτ any τeχnοlοgichesκie πaρameτρy vοzdushnο-πlazmennοgο naπy- Lenia meτallichesκiχ ποροshκοv of uκazannοy οblasτi οbesπechi- vayuτ φορmiροvanie malοοκislennοgο ποκρyτiya. Bjagoddera tomu, chτο set οπρedelenκaya, tsοsτaτοchns uzyzya "θlzsτ .τeχpοls- gκcheeκπχ πeρagleτροz ^{vοztsuπnο-πlzzιιznnοg"} nιζglsnιg :, οbesπ-- chivayuschiχ syuρglishvznpz ιιzlοοκpslenπsg ^ pοτεlπchesκοg: peκρy- 5 τiya, vgbsρ οπτπmzlng :: uκazann "x πzρzmετροg in κa ^* :: tsοg κsg- κρeτnο :: προtsesse κeπyleniya zsuschesτzlya.eτe ^**: seοvniτelικ "πρe- sτο πο pzvesτshll mετοtsiκaτ.ι in zevisshοsτκ sτ τρebueτ:. v r-: a- chesτvz ποκρyτpl (κροπe οκpslennοsτι :) n πρsπzzοlκτelnοsτι: προπessz.

± Οπρedelenie gρanig uκazannοG: οθlzsτp τeχnοlοgπchss ^ρ πι ^χ πaρzmeτροv προizzοtsyaτ ρzscheτκο-eκsπ ^ ρπmeyτεlyιπg meτοdοg.m; ^** - TOURYG: MAY BE PRIVILUS WITH POSSIBLE σ.ig.2. 3 is there a lack of access to hardware (accessory, access control) to get out? ρazpeρ chesτp :: 5 naπglyaechegs πο- 5 ροshκa (not penes 20 ιlκgg: οlρetselyaτ chisleκyye values zι τalπiι "Η- = 0,4S aGι: ΙΙο - 0,63 Ηοsle e οg. ^*?"> in κοορdi- naτaχ GP? ο πο zazisshlοsτi II = Ρ / c sτροyaτ pzοlinii en- τalysh: Κ _τ and Pο, κοτορye in uκazennyχ κοορtsinaτzχ πρedsτev- lyayuτ sοbοϊ: πρyamye with κοeφuitsienτami προπορtsiοnalnοsτi ιϊ- and 0 Ηο Ρascheτ τοκa πlazmaτροnz trains, sοsτzeτsτvuyuschegο znzcheιsh- pits and Ρ. α, necessary for obtaining the calculated values of the enthalpy, it is known only: dependent:

Where: I - flow path, Α, 0- discharge of plasma gas, g / s,

B-diameter of the arc channel of the plasma channel cm, I ”- the length of the arc channel of the plasma channel, cm (Κ.C. Depth and other) , p. 8-9).

Τaκim οbρazοm ρascheτοm οπρedelyayuτ values τοκa duτi n ρasχπtsa πlazmοοbρzzuyuschegο gas of πlazmzτροne, neοbχοtsiglυe tslya ποlucheniya quantities enτzlπii Κ- π Κ ₉ and mοschnοsτι: πlezmen-5 nοgο sτρui Ρ. Β eκsπeρiglenτalnοG ^{* "chasτi} προizvοdyaτ οπρetsele- of Te ^χ nοlοgichesκiχ πaρameτροv, sοοτveτsτzushiχ τοchκegl alpha, 2, I), οπρedelyayuschshl πρedelnye znechenπya uκazanngχ πaρameτροv For eτοgο οπρetselyaιοτ ρasχοd_πlazmοebρazuschsg ^ gazaS - γ_ gοιdnοsτp πlazιlenn ^::." Sτρuι: -?, Sοοτveτsτvushg. nzchalu 'sag-D' ^* - - 10 - ποκ и ий и и Ε and Εу = 0.46 ГГ (point τ). Οπρedelenie uκa- zanyyχ values προizvοdyaτ πuτe :. "κagshleκiya ne οbρaztsy, tsρι: umenyυenii arc τοκa and ρasχοda gas οτ maκszhιzlκο vοzτ.ιοzh- 5 nyχ for dannοgο πlezmοτροna dο start οsazhdeniya ποκρyτiya δ at 7 ποveρχnοsτi products πρi enτalyshi Ηu Αnalοgichnο οπρe- delyayuτ. the area of the plasma structure and the discharge of the plasma-forming gas with, which correspond to the start-up of the precipitation of the gas if it is equal to 0.6? γ ά

10 ес intersections of the line Η ^ and values? ^~ . Further, it spins around 9, limiting the area of 10 deposition of the used material on air spraying. If 9 is left, it is supplied with a dot corresponding to the beginning of the precipitation of the waste from the selected material:

Ιδ personal enthalpies of the plasma jet, and are shared-paths. Typical technological experiments, analogous - experiments for the separation of the points Α and Β. Β ^ ρe lτaτe, οblasτ II τeχnοlοgich ^* esκiχ πaρameτροv, χaρaκτeρizuyuschaya φορmiροvenie malοοκislennyχ ποκρyτy, budeτ οgρanichena izοliniyami H ^ and H ^,

20 Gas & gas, and a large area of plasma Ρ and a large 9 deposits of dust and spraying and are large-sized are easy-to-handle. Fig. 2, area II, is presented as a figure with vertices Α, Β, ^. Area 12, which is included in area 10 of the deposition area, when spraying,--

25 Processes are subject to technical changes, and if they are subject to acidification, they may be subject to acidification. At the exit of the values of the technological parameters outside the region II, the optimal technological parameters are new, but in the case of the enthalpy

Η = (0.46 ”•• .0.69) ^, if any, I won’t sit down,

30 in general (upside down), either will be unstable (lower part). In the latter case, the content of the acid in the case of changes varies widely. Acidification in this area of technological parameters is determined by the fact that unchanged ectalpia (in the case of Η = (0.46 ... 0.69) b.

35 The particle velocity is reduced. This is due to a decrease in discharge and arc rate. When this occurs, particles are deposited in the plasma system ζ: they can begin to intensify their oxidation. Technological area - II - Parameters, limited elongation of GG U and ρ: 9, is produced by the deposition of adhesives, adhesion, adhesion, adhesion This condition is:.: 5 that, due to the low current of the arc, there is no combination of speed and temperature of the particles, and there is no fusion Аз Improved operating conditions result in a loss of speed due to the fact that there is a 10 In this case, ^* in this case, there is a risk of inconsistent damage to the device, but there is little chance of There are no exceptions between the lines of 9 and 9, which were very good and in a number of cases I lost zero. 15 Under the influence of processes 12, there is a higher error: Η, strong plezhechemicheskoe hardening of the material of particles with plasma emis- sion is intense

Pρi πlazmennοm naπylenii legκοπlavκiχ ποροshκοv, naπρi- 20 meρ, οlοva with τemπeρaτuροy πlavleniya Τ = 232 ° C and τeπlοπρο- vοdnοsτyu Λ = 73,2 Βτ / m-Κ οblasτ II οπτimalnyχ τeχnοlο- gichesκiχ πaρameτροv smeschaeτsya in sτοροnu ποvyshennyχ ρasχοdοv gaze. Start of sedimentation πρи Η ₉ = 0.69 {&. (intersection of line Η and element 9) is achieved in this case, and 5 significant losses of gas supply (point ^{1 is} shifted to the opposite). Pρi neπylenii τugοπlevκiχ ποροshκοv (neπρimeρ vοlφρzmz, Τ = - = 3400 ° C, Λ = 174 Βτ / m _'Κ), nechelο οsazhdeniya ποκρyτy πρi Η ^ ^ι -T = 0.69 (πeρesechenie izοlinii Η κρivοy ₉ and 9) smeschaeτ- less gas emissions. Area II optimized 0 technological parameters in this case are narrowed in comparison with the case of spraying of light melting liquids. If spraying occurs at an average temperature of incidence of iron (for example, iron, Τ = 1536 ° C, Λ = ^ 8, / /-), it is not detected 5 It should be noted that, with an increase in the size of the particles, the area of II is optimized and the parameters are optimally increased. This is due to an increase in the value (Η ^ -Ыγ). For all of this, the case that has been chosen has been removed. - 12 - GZZZ should ensure that there is a turulent flow of plazmennoy structure. Blegοdeρya τοτlu, chτο πρedlegzemzya οblzsτ II τeχnοlο- gichesκiχ πaρameτροv κaπyleniya ποκρyτiG 8 οιgρedelyaeτsya ρascheτ 5-nο eκsπeρimenτzlnym meτοdοιl, ποτρebueτsya ιlenshee κοlichesτzο neοbχοdimsh τeχyοlοgichesκiχ eκsπeρimenτοv than sποsοbe of πο τ_-, Α, 3,435,746, chτο sοκρescheeτ τρudοemκοsτ sποsοbz.

According to the described method of airborne-plasma spraying of metal dusts, there was a real dust-spraying

10 sampling from various metallurgical applications; Τeχnοlοgichesκie πaρameτρy naπyleniya, maτeρial ποροshκa and ρe- zulτaτy issledοvzny κechesτve ποκρyτy πρivedeny in τebli- tseχ I and 2. Β τeblitse I πρedsτzvleny κοnκρeτnye znecheκiya τeχ nοlοgichesκiχ πeρzmeτροv naπyleniya and οtsenκa οκislennοsτπ πο-

15 times. Βybορ uκazznnyχ πaρzmeτροv sοοτveτsτvοvel τοchκe:.: Α, Β, C, οblesτi II τeχnοlοgichesκiχ πeρzmeτροv, izοbρazheκ- nοy IE φig.2 where τοchκz Α sοοτveτsτvueτ nzchzlu οsazhdeniya πο κρyτy πρi enτalπii Ηγ = 0,46 <, το

chka Β - to the beginning of the planting of openings and enthalpy ΙΙ ₉ = 0.69, point C - to χο

20 is between points Β and in all directions Η ₉ , and point B - this corresponds to crossing the value Ρ with directly Η ₉ .

For this reason, in the region of each indicated point, spraying was produced and various different types of process, non-impregnated, and / or values were used.

25 Acidification was evaluated by visual inspection. For spraying, we used voluminous particles with a particle size of 5 equal to 86 μm, 21.3 μm, 19.3 μm, Olva (ά. = 86 μm, 19.3 μm), nickel , 1 μm, 19.3 μm, 20 μm). United States. προ

30 selective analysis of the content of acid in the product from the following products: nickel-aluminum, inlet of iron and aluminum The analysis of the acid content was carried out on the installation of “Leko” of the USA,

35 zero analysis of the pressure - not the “& ϋaz” profile. For spraying the air, an air plasma with a long arc channel of 35 ... 53 mm was used. As a source of broadcasting, a block of sources from the regular source was used. Κυοome - 13 - It was then designated as a return for delivery for delivery. The dust deposition was chosen equal to 140–200 mm.

Б blizptsa I

5 Relatively different types of metallic metals depending on the thermal technology of the air-conditioning system

1 Kolόs- 430 1.25 4.3 8С 0.46 lelo acid 5 ΙЭΙ:

1.25 4.1 86 Α

1.25 4.5 86 Α

2.5 6.4 86 Β

2.5 6.2 86 Β 0 2.5 6.6 86 in

1.5 6.4 86 s

1.5 6.2 86 s

1.5 6.6 86 s

0.85 6.4 86 Ώ 5 0.85 6.2 86 Ώ

0.85 6.6 86 Ώ

2.5 4.3 86 Α

2.5 4.1 86 Α

15 II 336 2.5 4.5 86 Α 0 16 22 450 3.5 6.4 86 Β 17 21 747 3.5 6.2 86 Β 18 23 155 3.5 6.6 86 Β 19 19 245 3, 0 6.4 86 C 20 18 642 3.0 6.2 C 5 21 19 849 3.0 6.6 86 C 22 10 838 I -_. , ^ "6.4 ΟΟ Ό 23 10 535 6.2 86 24 II 040 ο, £, 86

uh - 14 -

Offer table

- fifteen -

Offer τ-κυι: I

_τ__. 9 6 8 10

58 nickel-ZD 29 1.0 3.1 20.1 0.69 low acid ^ 3.025 1.0 3.0 20.1 0.67 acid 3

3.232 1.0 3.2 20.1 0.71 acid ϋ ev

10

Spraying the dust with a low-nickel-nickel-gas circuit, vol-phräms, and overshooting: '19.3 mn of energy-free particles, which means that there is no

15 events

Table 2 Data on the quantitative chemical analysis of acid in the process (ignore the waste disposal process)

2C through point C)

Parameter Η / ν, the current acid π / π Meter cJ / g at 0] / ve. % g-mkm-Ι / 2

25 2 4

Impact of alloys 0.30 Impact of non-oca "nickel-aluminum is available

30 3

4

5

6

7

35 8 ΠΟΌΟШΟΚ alloy for basic iron

10 II

- Ιβ -

Introduction τeblitz: 2

ι

5 1 _τ 2 ποροшοκ сплэвз Η8 basic iron

13 πο ш ни κ ни ни ни ни ни ни ем ем ем ем ем ем с with the addition of 15 э ρ б в ο ο зм зм

10 16

17

18

Data Analysis, Included in the Table I p 2,

15 warns that there are small measurements, clashes that are secured by the ignition II (ω.2), which prevent the light from being emitted The content of acid in the form of acid is similar to that of the acid in a similar metal

20 kyks of dust sprayed in the plasma of argon. For example, the composition of the acid in the process from the alloy of nickel-ichrome-boron alloy, dusted in the plasma of argon, is 0.05 ... ... 0.15% higher than that of aluminum 0.1% (Β. S. Κlubkikin and other "Indications προ-

25 tsessοv vοzdushκο-πlazmennοgο κaπyleniya ", 1987, LDΗΤP (Ιenin- gρad) s.Ι5). From 2 τablitsy vidnο, chτο sοdeρzhanie κislοροde in meτallichesκiχ ποκρyτiyaχ, naπylennyχ vοzdushnοy πlazmοπ, πρi τeχnοlοgichesκiχ πaρameτρaχ, sοοτveτsτvuyuschiχ πρedaιageemο οblasτi II, in lezhaτ πρedelaχ the same value (πρymes 3-6,

30 9-ΙΙ, 14-17). For example, the content of acid in the process from nickel-aluminum alloy is also higher than 0.1% (Table 3-6, table 2). In the case of airborne plasma spraying of metal on a hazardous basis and for technical reasons, the values are outside of the scope of the operating group II

35 peace of mind, or you may have to deal with a large amount of acidic acid: they have unstable properties. Part of area 12 is subject to acidification (examples).

6,9,11,12,18,21,23,24 κ others in table I) d: (πρиιлеρы 7,12 - 17 - κ 18 τ of the person 2). There is no reason to wait for 10 days to be completed (examples 2,5,14,17,26 are in Table I).

Deliberate method 5 The most successful method is that it can be used to deposit metal, which means that there is little risk of inconvenience. ^•

Claims

- 18 - ζYuΡYuTΑ YZΟBΡΕΤΙZHΙ Sποsοb vοzdushnο-πlezmennοgο neπyleniya ιleτallichesκκχ ποκρyτshϊ, vκlyuchayuschy vvοd, usκορenie, nagρevznie meτallκ- 5 chesκiχ chasτits (5) in ποροshκa τuρbuleκτκοκ πlzzmenκο .: sτρue (3) κ usτenοvκu naπylyaemοπ ποveρχnοsτκ izdelκya (7) on movement πuτκ chasτits ( 5), and the result of G: with the fact that I introduce metallic particles (5), the sizes of the batteries are not less than 20 microns, the dusting of dusts leads to impairment of heat (10) II = = (0.46 ... 0.69) νа, where Η is the enthusiasm of the plasma structure (3), κJ / g, ά. - sρednshτ ρezmeρ naπylyaemyχ chasτits (5) mκ πρi eτοm ρesχοd πlezmοοbρzzuyuschegο gas ποddeρzhivayuτ s bοl Chez values sοοτveτsτvuyuschegο top οsazhdeniya ποκρyτiya (August 15 πρi enτalπii Η = 0,69 ^* / Τ, and mοschnοsτ πlazιlennοκ sτρuκ (- not less than the value sοοτveτsτvuyuschegο the beginning of the deposition of the territory (8) and the entropy Η = 0.46 ^* U-G.