WO1991007761A1 - Cable coating compositions and cables made therefrom - Google Patents

Cable coating compositions and cables made therefrom Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1991007761A1
WO1991007761A1 PCT/GB1990/001748 GB9001748W WO9107761A1 WO 1991007761 A1 WO1991007761 A1 WO 1991007761A1 GB 9001748 W GB9001748 W GB 9001748W WO 9107761 A1 WO9107761 A1 WO 9107761A1
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Prior art keywords
parts
composition according
filler
ethylenically unsaturated
polymer
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PCT/GB1990/001748
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French (fr)
Inventor
Jozef Aleida Florent Smits
David Cyril Varrall
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Exxon Chemical Limited
Exxon Chemical Patents Inc.
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Publication of WO1991007761A1 publication Critical patent/WO1991007761A1/en

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B3/00—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties
    • H01B3/18—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances
    • H01B3/30—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes
    • H01B3/44—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes vinyl resins; acrylic resins
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/01—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients characterized by their specific function
    • C08K3/016—Flame-proofing or flame-retarding additives

Definitions

  • This invention relates to cable coating compositions for use particularly in electric cables, particularly as halogen free flame retardant cables.
  • Ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers which have a high vinyl acetate content made by solution polymerisation (see DE-3323531) .
  • Such polymers have been used because of their elastomeric nature or because of their high compatability with fillers in cable coating (see CA 95-188246/72; DE-3342307) .
  • the polymerisation process is costly.
  • Such polymers have been used in both thermoplastic and crosslinkable cable coating compositions. In this type of composition the act of crosslinking improves mechanical properties and ageing performance.
  • the high functionality permits compositions of the polymer and high amounts of filler suitable for halogen free flame retardant compositions.
  • DD-92554 disclose high vinylacetate content, ethylene vinyl acetate copolymers polymerised by free radical high pressure polymerisation with from 0.005 to 1 % of a bifunctional termonomer to give extrudable materials. Similar polymers are disclosed in DD-114-823; DE 2122597, DE 2340743, DD 108757 and DE 2403516; DD 142 806; DD 116 623 and JP 7327748 (Mitsubishi Petrochemical) . The elasto eric nature of the polymerisate was disclosed as the main attribute. No disclosure or suggestion was made in respect of its suitability for cable coating.
  • the invention provides a cable coating composition
  • a cable coating composition comprising (a) an ethylene derived polymer containing from 30 to 60 wt % of a monofunctional ethylenically unsaturated ester, from 1 to 15 wt % of a multifunctional ethylenically unsaturated monomer having at least two ethylenically unsaturated groups, and having a melt index of from 0.1 to 10; (b) a filler; (c) a cross-linking agent and (d) a stabiliser.
  • composition is extruded onto a conductor core and cross-linked by activating the cross-linking agent.
  • the filler is a water vapour releasing filler material for providing flame retardance and is used in an amount of from 100 to 250 parts by weight per 100 parts of the polymer, preferably from 125 to 200 parts.
  • the filler is carbon black for providing a semi-conductor layer containing from 10 to 100 parts by weight per 100 parts of the polymer, preferably from 20 to 60 parts.
  • the unsaturated ester may be vinyl acetate, methyl acrylate, ethylacrylate, butyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate alone or in combination. Preferred are vinyl acetate and methyl acrylate, the latter providing improved thermal stability.
  • the ester content is preferably from 35 to 50 wt%.
  • High pressure free radical polymerisation may be used so as to produce the polymer economically.
  • the higher monofunctional ester contents improve flexibility, filler acceptance and flame retardancy.
  • the multifunctional monomer presence in polymerisation surprisingly permits higher cross-link densities or permits conventional densities to be reached more quickly or with less cross-linking agent. If the ester content in combination with the multifunctional monomer is too low, flexibility may suffer.
  • the high pressure polymerization may be effected in a conventional autoclave or tubular reactor.
  • the reaction temperature is normally between 130 and 250°C and is preferably from 145 to 230°C.
  • the preferred pressure range is from 1000 t 3000 kg/cm 2 /, more preferably from 1500 to 2500 kg/cm 2 .
  • the particular conditions are chosen having regard to th product required.
  • the cross-linking multifunctional monomer or modifier may b introduced into the reaction vessel to adjust the melt inde of the product.
  • the amount of modifier used therefor depends on the agent chosen and the final melt index sought, as well as the reaction conditions employed and vinyl acetate content since the latter acts as a chain transfer agent itself. Typically the amount of modifier will be from 0 to 25% of the reactor feed. Given the requirements specified herein for the melt index suitable agents and rate of addition can be established empirically.
  • the polymerization will usually be initiated by a free radical catalyst such as a peroxide.
  • a free radical catalyst such as a peroxide.
  • conventional additives such as antioxidants and carriers for the catalyst may be present according to conventional practice and be incorporated into the polymer mass.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram of an autoclave apparatus for preparing an EVA of the invention.
  • Ethylene is introduced at 45 kg/cm 2 into compressor 1 where it is compressed to about 150 kg/cm 2 , then vinyl acetate and modifier are added and the combined feed is further compressed in compressor 2 to approximately 1550 kg/cm .
  • the high pressure feed is then introduced into autoclave 3 fitted with stirrer 4.
  • a free radical catalyst is introduced via line 5 and at separate points on the autoclave (not shown) .
  • the autoclave 3 may be cooled or heated as appropriate to maintain the desired reaction temperature.
  • the formed polymer, together with unreacted material and impurities is taken via line 6 to a high pressure separator 7. Unreacted monomer separated off are recycled via heat exchanger 11 to compressor 2. The remainder of the output is fed to low pressure separator 8, from which the polymer is collected and fed to extruder 9 where it is formed into pellets. The unpolymerized material separated at 8 is fed via heat exchanger 12 to a small compressor 10. Impurities are separated off in a purge 13, and unreacted monomers are recycled to compressor 1.
  • termonomer is obtained by esterification from a glycol or other linear hydrocarbons having at least two alcohol groups.
  • the termonomer is advantageously obtained from an acrylic acid or a homologue thereof.
  • the termonomer is ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EDMA) .
  • EDMA ethylene glycol dimethacrylate
  • the doubly unsaturated termonomer crosslinks pairs of polymer chains reducing the melt index.
  • Stable polymerisation conditions can be set up permitting extended continuous high pressure polymerisation runs.
  • an MI can be obtained of from 0.1 to 5, preferably from 0.2 TO 4 suitable for extrusion.
  • compositions are prepared by blending the polymer with filler, further cross-linking agent, and other ingredients as follows;
  • the filler can be one of those hydrated mineral types which release water at certain elevated temperatures (thus providing benefits in flame retardency in a fire situation) .
  • Examples are aluminium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, calcium borate, zinc borate, magnesium carbonate and hydrated magnesium calcium carbonate.
  • Usual amounts would be in range of 100-250 parts of the filler per 100'parts of the polymer.
  • the filler may be carbon black.
  • the materials detaches from surrounding materials to permit cables to be joined.
  • the crosslinking agent can typically be an organic peroxide - examples are dicumyl peroxide and bis (t-butylperoxy isopropyl) benzene - if a thermochemical crosslinking technique is used. Typical levels are 1-3 parts for the pure peroxides, and 5-10 parts per 100 parts of polymers for the peroxide masterbatches commonly used.
  • Crosslinking can also be achieved via the silane-grafting moisture crosslinking technology. Here a vinyl silane is added to effect crosslinking - typical addition levels are 1-2 parts per 100 parts of polymer.
  • a third crosslinking method is to use electron-beam or gamma ray irradiation. No additional chemical crosslinking agent has to be added in that case.
  • the stabiliser can be an antioxidant of the polymerised dihydroquinoline type eg. Flectol H (Registered Trade Mark) from Monsanto in conjunction with a benzimidazole type eg. Vulkanol MB (Registered Trade Mark) from Bayer. Typical levels are 1-2 parts of each per 100 parts of polymer.
  • Alternative antioxidants that could be used are those of hindered phenolic type eg. Irganox 1010 (Registered Trade Mark) from Ciba-Geigy.
  • additives include processing aids, coupling agents, and coagents for the peroxides.
  • the ingredients are blended in an internal mixer or compounding extruder. Care must be taken to control the maximum temperature so as not to exceed the temperature at which the water is released from the mineral fillers incooporated. Thus for example when including aluminium hydroxide in the composition, the maximum processing temperature should not exceed 180 °C.
  • composition is extruded as an integral part of a cable construction, typically as the outer cable sheathing for the HFFR compound.
  • the crosslinking temperature is typically 170-220 °C. If the silane-grafting low energy crosslinking technique is used the crosslinking temperature may be in the range of from ambient to 90 °C.
  • Terpolymers were prepared in separate runs, to produce samples 1 and 2, an autoclave reactor a 165°C and 52°C feed gas temperature at a pressure of 2100 kg/cm 2 using t-butylperneodecanoate as initiator giving products as shown in Table 1.
  • the materials produced were dry coated with Microthene (made by USI) .
  • compositions were prepared from samples 1 to 2 and Levapren 400 and 450 which are believed to be solution polymerised high vinylacetate EVA copolymers to give blends A to D set out in Table 2 of halogen free flame retardant nature.
  • Levapren 400 and 450 are existing commercial polymers made by Bayer incorporating 40 % and 45 % respectively by weight of vinyl acetate.
  • compound A should be compared with compound B; and compound C should be compared with compound D.
  • compositions of the invention permits a surprisingly high increase in the degree of crosslinking as measured by the Monsanto Rheometer (ODR) .
  • ODR Monsanto Rheometer
  • This increased degree of cros ⁇ linkability is reflected in improved mechanical properties such as tensile product [tensile strength X elongation] , improved oil resistance and improved resistance to water absorption.
  • compositions suitable for use as semi-conducting cable compounds were prepared from the same samples as before to make compounds E-H. The comparison is between composition E and F; and between G and H.

Abstract

The invention provides a cable coating composition comprising (a) an ethylene derived polymer containing from 30 to 60 wt % of a monofunctional ethylenically unsaturated ester, from 1 to 15 wt % of a multifunctional ethylenically unsaturated monomer having at least two ethylenically unsaturated groups, and having a melt index of from 0.1 to 10; (b) a filler; (c) a cross-linking agent and (d) a stabiliser. The composition crosslinks to give advantageous properties in halogen-free flame-retardant compositions and for semi-conducting cable compounds.

Description

Cable coating compositions and cables made therefrom
Field of Invention
This invention relates to cable coating compositions for use particularly in electric cables, particularly as halogen free flame retardant cables.
Background of Invention
Ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers are known which have a high vinyl acetate content made by solution polymerisation (see DE-3323531) . Such polymers have been used because of their elastomeric nature or because of their high compatability with fillers in cable coating (see CA 95-188246/72; DE-3342307) . The polymerisation process is costly. Such polymers have been used in both thermoplastic and crosslinkable cable coating compositions. In this type of composition the act of crosslinking improves mechanical properties and ageing performance. The high functionality permits compositions of the polymer and high amounts of filler suitable for halogen free flame retardant compositions. DD-92554 disclose high vinylacetate content, ethylene vinyl acetate copolymers polymerised by free radical high pressure polymerisation with from 0.005 to 1 % of a bifunctional termonomer to give extrudable materials. Similar polymers are disclosed in DD-114-823; DE 2122597, DE 2340743, DD 108757 and DE 2403516; DD 142 806; DD 116 623 and JP 7327748 (Mitsubishi Petrochemical) . The elasto eric nature of the polymerisate was disclosed as the main attribute. No disclosure or suggestion was made in respect of its suitability for cable coating.
It is the object of the invention to provide a cable coating composition which combines economic manufacturing cost and improved physical characteristics.
Summary of invention
The invention provides a cable coating composition comprising (a) an ethylene derived polymer containing from 30 to 60 wt % of a monofunctional ethylenically unsaturated ester, from 1 to 15 wt % of a multifunctional ethylenically unsaturated monomer having at least two ethylenically unsaturated groups, and having a melt index of from 0.1 to 10; (b) a filler; (c) a cross-linking agent and (d) a stabiliser.
The composition is extruded onto a conductor core and cross-linked by activating the cross-linking agent.
In one form of composition the filler is a water vapour releasing filler material for providing flame retardance and is used in an amount of from 100 to 250 parts by weight per 100 parts of the polymer, preferably from 125 to 200 parts. In another form the filler is carbon black for providing a semi-conductor layer containing from 10 to 100 parts by weight per 100 parts of the polymer, preferably from 20 to 60 parts.
The unsaturated ester may be vinyl acetate, methyl acrylate, ethylacrylate, butyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate alone or in combination. Preferred are vinyl acetate and methyl acrylate, the latter providing improved thermal stability. The ester content is preferably from 35 to 50 wt%. High pressure free radical polymerisation may be used so as to produce the polymer economically. The higher monofunctional ester contents improve flexibility, filler acceptance and flame retardancy. The multifunctional monomer presence in polymerisation surprisingly permits higher cross-link densities or permits conventional densities to be reached more quickly or with less cross-linking agent. If the ester content in combination with the multifunctional monomer is too low, flexibility may suffer.
The high pressure polymerization may be effected in a conventional autoclave or tubular reactor. The reaction temperature is normally between 130 and 250°C and is preferably from 145 to 230°C. The higher the pressure th higher the molecular weight that can be produced but at the expense of energy consumption and subject to plant desig limits. Thus, the preferred pressure range is from 1000 t 3000 kg/cm2/, more preferably from 1500 to 2500 kg/cm2. The particular conditions are chosen having regard to th product required.
The cross-linking multifunctional monomer or modifier may b introduced into the reaction vessel to adjust the melt inde of the product. The amount of modifier used therefor depends on the agent chosen and the final melt index sought, as well as the reaction conditions employed and vinyl acetate content since the latter acts as a chain transfer agent itself. Typically the amount of modifier will be from 0 to 25% of the reactor feed. Given the requirements specified herein for the melt index suitable agents and rate of addition can be established empirically.
There will be incorporation of the modifier into the EVA copolymer and it will constitute a third monomer in the reaction mixture.
The polymerization will usually be initiated by a free radical catalyst such as a peroxide. Also conventional additives such as antioxidants and carriers for the catalyst may be present according to conventional practice and be incorporated into the polymer mass.
The preparation of the polymer will now be described in more detail, though only by way of illustration, with reference to the accompanying Figure 1 which is a schematic block diagram of an autoclave apparatus for preparing an EVA of the invention. Ethylene is introduced at 45 kg/cm2 into compressor 1 where it is compressed to about 150 kg/cm2, then vinyl acetate and modifier are added and the combined feed is further compressed in compressor 2 to approximately 1550 kg/cm . The high pressure feed is then introduced into autoclave 3 fitted with stirrer 4. A free radical catalyst is introduced via line 5 and at separate points on the autoclave (not shown) . The autoclave 3 may be cooled or heated as appropriate to maintain the desired reaction temperature.
The formed polymer, together with unreacted material and impurities is taken via line 6 to a high pressure separator 7. Unreacted monomer separated off are recycled via heat exchanger 11 to compressor 2. The remainder of the output is fed to low pressure separator 8, from which the polymer is collected and fed to extruder 9 where it is formed into pellets. The unpolymerized material separated at 8 is fed via heat exchanger 12 to a small compressor 10. Impurities are separated off in a purge 13, and unreacted monomers are recycled to compressor 1.
Preferably the multifunctional monomer is doubly unsaturated and has -O- and/or C=0 moieties as part of a generally linear molecule to improve cross-link response, filler acceptance and thermal stability. Preferably termonomer is obtained by esterification from a glycol or other linear hydrocarbons having at least two alcohol groups. The termonomer is advantageously obtained from an acrylic acid or a homologue thereof.
Most preferably the termonomer is ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EDMA) . Such termonomers -can be very effective in increasing cross linkability in combination with the ester derived polymer units.
The doubly unsaturated termonomer crosslinks pairs of polymer chains reducing the melt index. Stable polymerisation conditions can be set up permitting extended continuous high pressure polymerisation runs.
Using such increased amounts of VA and EDMA an MI can be obtained of from 0.1 to 5, preferably from 0.2 TO 4 suitable for extrusion.
The compositions are prepared by blending the polymer with filler, further cross-linking agent, and other ingredients as follows; For HFFR compounds, the filler can be one of those hydrated mineral types which release water at certain elevated temperatures (thus providing benefits in flame retardency in a fire situation) . Examples are aluminium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, calcium borate, zinc borate, magnesium carbonate and hydrated magnesium calcium carbonate.
Usual amounts would be in range of 100-250 parts of the filler per 100'parts of the polymer.
Small amounts of carbon black can also be used with the above filler material to improve UV resistance; a typical level would be up to 5 parts per 100 parts of polymers.
For semi-conductor compounds the filler may be carbon black. The materials detaches from surrounding materials to permit cables to be joined. The crosslinking agent can typically be an organic peroxide - examples are dicumyl peroxide and bis (t-butylperoxy isopropyl) benzene - if a thermochemical crosslinking technique is used. Typical levels are 1-3 parts for the pure peroxides, and 5-10 parts per 100 parts of polymers for the peroxide masterbatches commonly used. Crosslinking can also be achieved via the silane-grafting moisture crosslinking technology. Here a vinyl silane is added to effect crosslinking - typical addition levels are 1-2 parts per 100 parts of polymer. A third crosslinking method is to use electron-beam or gamma ray irradiation. No additional chemical crosslinking agent has to be added in that case.
The stabiliser can be an antioxidant of the polymerised dihydroquinoline type eg. Flectol H (Registered Trade Mark) from Monsanto in conjunction with a benzimidazole type eg. Vulkanol MB (Registered Trade Mark) from Bayer. Typical levels are 1-2 parts of each per 100 parts of polymer. Alternative antioxidants that could be used are those of hindered phenolic type eg. Irganox 1010 (Registered Trade Mark) from Ciba-Geigy.
Other possible additives include processing aids, coupling agents, and coagents for the peroxides.
The ingredients are blended in an internal mixer or compounding extruder. Care must be taken to control the maximum temperature so as not to exceed the temperature at which the water is released from the mineral fillers incooporated. Thus for example when including aluminium hydroxide in the composition, the maximum processing temperature should not exceed 180 °C.
The composition is extruded as an integral part of a cable construction, typically as the outer cable sheathing for the HFFR compound. Typical extrusion temperatures .are in the range 80-140 °C.
If a thermochemical crosslinking technique is used (eg via a steam CV tube) the crosslinking temperature is typically 170-220 °C. If the silane-grafting low energy crosslinking technique is used the crosslinking temperature may be in the range of from ambient to 90 °C.
Preparation/Nature of polymers
Terpolymers were prepared in separate runs, to produce samples 1 and 2, an autoclave reactor a 165°C and 52°C feed gas temperature at a pressure of 2100 kg/cm2 using t-butylperneodecanoate as initiator giving products as shown in Table 1. The materials produced were dry coated with Microthene (made by USI) .
Table 1
Run Mono- Bifunctional Total MI functional comonomer comonomer comonomer
36 40 5.4
41 10 51 3.9
Example 1
Preparation of composition
Compositions were prepared from samples 1 to 2 and Levapren 400 and 450 which are believed to be solution polymerised high vinylacetate EVA copolymers to give blends A to D set out in Table 2 of halogen free flame retardant nature. Levapren 400 and 450 are existing commercial polymers made by Bayer incorporating 40 % and 45 % respectively by weight of vinyl acetate.
For purposes of this invention compound A should be compared with compound B; and compound C should be compared with compound D.
Table 2
HFFR Compounds
B D
Polymer from Run 1 100 Levapren * 400 100
Polymer from Run 2 100 Levapren * 450 100 zinc oxide 5 5 5
Martinal * OLlll (ATH) 190 190 190 190 (Hydrated Aluminum hydroxide)
Flexon * 876 oil 10 10 10 10 (paraffinic oil)
Agerite *Resin D 2 polymerised trimethyl dihydroquinoline anti¬ oxidant
Figure imgf000015_0001
(v nyl tr -(beta- methoxyethoxy) silane)
Perkadox *14/40 (bis(t-butyl peroxy isopropyl) benzene
40 % cone.)
TAG *70 %
(Trisallyl cyanurate) B
Mooney Viscosity ML (1+4) at 100 °C 32,5 33 31 32,5
Figure imgf000016_0001
Mechanical properties [cure t90 at 160 C]
Tensile strength (MPa) Modulus at 100% (MPa) Elongation break (%) Hardness (Shore A)
Figure imgf000016_0002
Tear strength (ASTM Die C) (KN/M) 37,4 35,5 34,0 33,4
Oil Resistance (4 hours at 70 °C in ASTM 2 oil) Increase in weight (%) 2,6 3,7 1,4 2,9
Water absorption
(mg/cm2)
After 2 days at 70°C 2,2 3,2 2,7 3,5
After 2 days at 100°C 4,7 8,0 5,7 9,1
* Are registered Trade Marks, Evaluation
It can be seen that compared to the two standard commercial materials the compositions of the invention permits a surprisingly high increase in the degree of crosslinking as measured by the Monsanto Rheometer (ODR) . This increased degree of crosεlinkability is reflected in improved mechanical properties such as tensile product [tensile strength X elongation] , improved oil resistance and improved resistance to water absorption.
Example 2
Compositions suitable for use as semi-conducting cable compounds were prepared from the same samples as before to make compounds E-H. The comparison is between composition E and F; and between G and H.
TABLE 3
Semi-conducting compositions
H
Polymer from Run 1 100 Levapren * 400 100
Polymer from Run 2 100 Levapren * 450 100
Vulcan * XC-72 black 40 40 40 40
Calcium stearate 0,5 0,5 0,5 0,5
•Ϊ DDA antioxidant 1 1 1 1 (diphenyla ine derivative liquid)
Dicup * 40 C (dicumylperoxide 40% cone)
Mooney Viscosity ML (1+4) at 100 C 28 31,5 28,5 29,0
Figure imgf000019_0001
* Are registered Trade Marks, Evaluation
As with Example 1, it can be seen the two compositions of the invention E and G showed significantly higher degrees of crosslinking than the two reference compositions.

Claims

1. A cable coating composition comprising (a) an ethylene derived polymer containing from 30 to 60 wt % of a monofunctional ethylenically unsaturated ester, from 1 to 15 wt % of a multifunctional ethylenically unsaturated monomer having at least two ethylenically unsaturated groups, and having a melt index of from 0.1 to 10; (b) a filler; (c) a cross-linking agent and (d) a stabiliser.
2. A composition according to claim 1. in which the monofunctional ester is vinyl acetate or methyl acrylate and/or is used in an amount of from 35 to 50 wt%.
3. A composition according to claim 1 or claim 2 in which the multifunctional monomer is used in an amount of from 3 to 10 wt % and/or has a boiling point of less than 300°C at 1000 mbar.
4. A composition according to any of the preceding claims in which the multifunctional monomer contains -0- or C=0 groups and is linear and is preferably a multi-ester of a polyol and acrylic acid or alkyl acrylic acid such as EDMA or BDMA.
5. A composition according to any of the preceding claims in which the total comonomer content of the monofunctional and multifunctional monomers is from at least 40 wt% and is preferably up to 50 wt%.
6. A composition according to any of claims 1 to 5 in which the filler is ' a water vapour releasing filler material for providing flame retardance and is used in an amount of from 100 to 250 parts by weight per 100 parts of the polymer, preferably from 125 to 200 parts.
7. A composition according to any of claims 1 to 5 in which the filler is carbon black for providing a semi-conductor layer containing from 10 to 100 parts by weight per 100 parts of the polymer, preferably from 20 to 60 parts.
8. A cable in which the sheathing material is a cross-linked composition according to any of claims 1 to 7.
PCT/GB1990/001748 1989-11-16 1990-11-13 Cable coating compositions and cables made therefrom WO1991007761A1 (en)

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GB8925939.4 1989-11-16

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Cited By (7)

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US5539075A (en) * 1991-10-22 1996-07-23 Borealis Holding A/S Unsaturated ethylene-non conjugated diene copolymers and preparation thereof by radical polymerization
US7939607B2 (en) 2007-01-18 2011-05-10 Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. Partially crosslinked ethylene vinyl acetate copolymers with low melt index values and increased tensile strength
CN105469867A (en) * 2015-12-16 2016-04-06 江苏亨通线缆科技有限公司 Special cable for wear-resistant locomotive vehicle
CN105551585A (en) * 2015-12-16 2016-05-04 江苏亨通线缆科技有限公司 High-strength high-fire-retardance locomotive cable
WO2016209381A1 (en) * 2015-06-24 2016-12-29 Dow Global Technologies Llc Processes to prepare ethylene-based polymers with improved melt-strength
EP3397688A4 (en) * 2015-12-31 2019-08-21 SABIC Global Technologies B.V. Ethylene based polymer composition suitable for use in extrusion coating
CN114369197A (en) * 2022-01-18 2022-04-19 熵能创新材料(珠海)有限公司 Polyalkylacrylate processing aid and melt-processable composition containing same

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