WO1991002972A1 - Procede d'evaluation de la pollution atmospherique et appareil de mise en ×uvre du procede - Google Patents

Procede d'evaluation de la pollution atmospherique et appareil de mise en ×uvre du procede Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1991002972A1
WO1991002972A1 PCT/DK1990/000218 DK9000218W WO9102972A1 WO 1991002972 A1 WO1991002972 A1 WO 1991002972A1 DK 9000218 W DK9000218 W DK 9000218W WO 9102972 A1 WO9102972 A1 WO 9102972A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
air
pollution
inhalation
airflow
ventilation
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/DK1990/000218
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Povl Ole Fanger
Original Assignee
Povl Ole Fanger
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Povl Ole Fanger filed Critical Povl Ole Fanger
Publication of WO1991002972A1 publication Critical patent/WO1991002972A1/fr

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/0001—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00 by organoleptic means

Definitions

  • the invention concerns a method for evaluating air pollu- tion by means of the sensory organs in the human nasal ca ⁇ vity as well as an apparatus for applying the method.
  • the air quality in a space within a building may be evaluated in decipol by a panel of trained subjects who compare the air quality with references, i.e. known air qualities with established decipol values.
  • the strength of the pollution sources in the space can be determined in olf.
  • the dilution principle measures the pollution concentration in relation to the odour threshold independent of whether or not the pollution is perceived as annoying. Therefore the principle cannot determine air quality in decipol as this unit quantifies annoyance and dissatisfaction.
  • the purpose of the invention is therefore to present a me ⁇ thod for determining air pollution by means of the sensory organs in the human nasal cavity and an apparatus for doing so.
  • the method should enable the achievement of reproduc ⁇ ible measurements preferably expressed in decipol and olf.
  • ⁇ applies an apparatus with at least one inhalation aggregate consisting of an emission chamber with a pollution emission element, a ven ⁇ tilation element that can ventilate the emission chamber with a specific airflow and an air outlet where the pollu ⁇ ted air is inhaled and evaluated.
  • the method is characteri- zed by an airflow larger than the highest momentary airflow during inhalation by a person, and by the application of an apparatus which secures that the part of the known airflow that is inhaled is not diluted with an unknown air quantity prior to inhalation.
  • the air quality evaluation will be im- proved and thus of greater absolute accuracy. If the air polluted with the known air pollution is evaluated partly by human inhalation and partly by a quantitative instrumen ⁇ tal measurement, for example by using a gas analysis appa ⁇ ratus based on photoacoustical spectroscopy, there is a possibility of generating a known chemical standard pollu ⁇ tion.
  • the apparatus for applying the method can be characterized as given in characterizing part of claims 6-9.
  • the advanta- ge of the respective variants is that individually they are each of them suitable for use with one of the above-mentio ⁇ ned ways of carrying out the method.
  • Fig. 1 - an inhalation aggregate according to the inven ⁇ tion
  • fig. 2 an apparatus for determining perceived air qua ⁇ lity according to the invention, with five inhala- tion aggregates (see Fig. 1); and fig. 3 - a diagram showing the relationship between per ⁇ ceived air quality expressed in decipol and the content of 2-propanone expressed in ppm in actual- ly pure air.
  • Fig. 1 shows an inhalation aggregate 1 according to the invention.
  • This aggregate 1 comprises an emission chamber 2 which can be e.g. a glass container with a capacity of a few litres.
  • the emission chamber has an air intake 7, through which fresh unpolluted air can be drawn in.
  • a pollution emission element 3 This could be a pollution source emitting a qualitatively and quantitatively known pollution for example by evapora- tion of a chemical substance at a known rate; it could also be an unknown source emitting a qualitatively and/or quan ⁇ titatively unknown air pollution.
  • the emission chamber 2 has an air outlet with a ventilation element 4 that can provide a known ventilation of the emission chamber of at least 15 1/min, preferably more, e.g.
  • the ventilation element 4 leads the ventilati ⁇ on air via a diffuser 6 to an inhalation area 5. It is es ⁇ sential that the airflow passage from the air intake 7 to the inhalation area 5 is designed in such a way that the airflow cannot be mixed with extraneous air. It is an ad ⁇ vantage if the airflow in the inhalation area has a suitab ⁇ ly large cross section. It has been shown that the cross section should be at least 40 cm 2 or even larger, e.g. ap ⁇ proximately 50 cm 2 .
  • the cross section of the ventilation airflow at the outlet from the emission chamber 2 is considerably smaller. It is then beneficial to include a diffuser section between the air outlet of the emission chamber 2 and the inhalation area, the angle of the outlet in the diffuser section being no greater than 8. It has been shown that with such an outlet angle one can avoid any mixing of the ventilated airflow with ambient air at the end of the diffuser section, in the inhalation area. With a larger outlet angle there is a risk that ambient air, to a greater or lesser degree, can be drawn into the ventilation airflow in the area around the diffuser section outlet.
  • the inhalation aggregate shown in Fig. 1 can of course be designed in many ways; for example the ventilation element can be designed so that it "blows" ventilation air into the emission chamber 2 instead of, as shown here, drawing the ventilation air in through this chamber. If the inhalation aggregate is used for inhaling air polluted by an unknown source, the strength of which is to be measured, it can be beneficial to design the ventilation element with for example two air fans, one ventilating the emission chamber as described above, and the other mixing the ventilated airflow with a certain amount of unpolluted air in the area around the air outlet in the emission chamber.
  • the un ⁇ known source pollutes the ventilation air to such an extent that it lies above the measurable value
  • Fig. 2 shows five inhalation aggregates 11, 12, 13, 14 and 15, according to Fig. 1. Together, these five inhalation aggregates comprise an apparatus for the quantitative de ⁇ termination of air pollution according to the invention.
  • Each of the inhalation aggregates 11, 12, 13 and 14 inclu ⁇ des an emission element providing a known air pollution.
  • the figure shows, by numbers, that ventilated air from ag- gregate 11 is polluted 1 decipol, the air from aggregate 12 is polluted 5 decipol and similarly the pollution from ag ⁇ gregate 13 and 14 is 10 and 20 decipol respectively.
  • the air pollution from the emission element in the fifth inha- lation aggregate 15 is unknown.
  • a panel of trained inhalers chooses the apparatus shown in Fig. 2 with five inhalation aggregates 11, 12, 13, 14 and 15, each ventilated with a known airflow, e.g. 50 1/min of unpolluted air.
  • Aggregates 11, 12, 13 and 14 comprise emission elements providing airflows polluted respectively at 1, 5, 10 and 20 decipol. These values are advantageously produced by evapo ⁇ rating 2-propanone at rates that result in the ventilated air from each of these inhalation aggregates containing the concentration of 2-propanone corresponding to the degree of pollution concerned (see Fig. 3).
  • the emission element in the fifth inhalation aggregate 15 produces an unknown air pollution resulting in a degree of pollution in the ventilated air between 1 and 20 decipol.
  • One or more of the persons inhales in turn in the inhala ⁇ tion area of each aggregate (the central area of the venti ⁇ lation outlet at the end of the diffuser section) ventila ⁇ tion air with unknown degree of pollution (see Fig. 1) and gives a first evaluation.
  • the subject then inhales air from one or more of the inhalation aggregates 11, 12, 13 and/or 14 in a similar way, possibly intermittently inhaling air with the unknown degree of pollution.
  • a trained person can quantify the degree of pollution in the emitted air having an unknown degree of pollution. If a more accurate determination is desired than that given by one person, an evaluation by several trained subjects can be requested.
  • An expert could device many vari ⁇ ations within the scope of the invention.
  • the apparatus can be used for training subjects, the rate of pollution produced in the inhalation aggregate with the unknown pollutant being known to the trainer but not to the trainee. The learning process becomes simpler and much quicker than previously in this way.
  • the apparatus could be designed in many other forms than the one shown, for examp ⁇ le the diffuser section could be either horizontal or cur ⁇ ved.
  • the essential requirement for the apparatus is that the ventilation airflow must be known and the form of the apparatus must secure against this known ventilation air ⁇ flow being mixed with unknown, extraneous air, prior to in ⁇ halation.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Sampling And Sample Adjustment (AREA)

Abstract

Procédé et appareil d'évaluation de la pollution atmosphérique perçue au moyen d'organes sensoriels se trouvant dans la cavité nasale de l'homme. Ledit appareil comporte au moins un aggrégat d'inhalation (1) comprenant une chambre d'émission (2) dotée d'un élément (3) d'émission de pollution, un élément de ventilation (4) pouvant ventiler la chambre d'émission (2) au moyen d'un flux d'air connu, ainsi qu'une sortie d'air (5). L'aggrégat d'inhalation (1) se trouve dans la zone située entre l'élément (3) d'émission de pollution et la zone d'inhalation (5) alimentée par une section de diffusion (6) destinée à assurer que le flux d'air de ventilation provenant de la chambre d'émission (2) peut être inhalé sans être mélangé à de l'air étranger. La surface en section transversale du flux d'air se trouvant dans la zone d'inhalation (5) est d'au moins 40 cm2, et le flux d'air de ventilation et d'au moins 15 l/min, de préférence 45 l/min. L'appareil et le procédé permettent d'utiliser, de manière pratique, les unités de mesure nouvellement introduites de qualité de l'air perçu ''decipol'' et ''olf''.
PCT/DK1990/000218 1989-08-25 1990-08-23 Procede d'evaluation de la pollution atmospherique et appareil de mise en ×uvre du procede WO1991002972A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DK4217/89 1989-08-25
DK421789A DK164074C (da) 1989-08-25 1989-08-25 Fremgangsmaade til bedoemmelse af luftforurening og apparat til udoevelse af fremgangsmaaden

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1991002972A1 true WO1991002972A1 (fr) 1991-03-07

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ID=8131397

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/DK1990/000218 WO1991002972A1 (fr) 1989-08-25 1990-08-23 Procede d'evaluation de la pollution atmospherique et appareil de mise en ×uvre du procede

Country Status (3)

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AU (1) AU6340890A (fr)
DK (1) DK164074C (fr)
WO (1) WO1991002972A1 (fr)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5968782A (en) * 1996-12-04 1999-10-19 Brigham And Womens's Hospital, Inc. Mast cell protease that cleaves fibrinogen
US6190904B1 (en) * 1994-03-31 2001-02-20 Genecor International, Inc. High-alkaline protease and its use arginine-substituted subtilisin composition and use
EP1550867A1 (fr) * 2003-12-29 2005-07-06 Airbus Deutschland GmbH Procédé olfactive pour la détermination qualitative et quantitative de caractéristiques d'odeurs dans un flux d'air

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3902851A (en) * 1974-01-09 1975-09-02 Fats & Proteins Res Found Method of detecting odors and apparatus therefor
GB1441274A (en) * 1973-06-22 1976-06-30 Nippon Airwick Service Co Ltd Device for use in evaluating odour
FR2414201A2 (fr) * 1978-01-10 1979-08-03 Commissariat Energie Atomique Olfactometre differentiel
EP0121795A2 (fr) * 1983-03-10 1984-10-17 Stauffer Chemical Company Dispositif d'inhalation d'une atmosphère d'essai

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1441274A (en) * 1973-06-22 1976-06-30 Nippon Airwick Service Co Ltd Device for use in evaluating odour
US3902851A (en) * 1974-01-09 1975-09-02 Fats & Proteins Res Found Method of detecting odors and apparatus therefor
FR2414201A2 (fr) * 1978-01-10 1979-08-03 Commissariat Energie Atomique Olfactometre differentiel
EP0121795A2 (fr) * 1983-03-10 1984-10-17 Stauffer Chemical Company Dispositif d'inhalation d'une atmosphère d'essai

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
JOURNAL OF THE AIR POLLUTION CONTROL ASSOC., Vol. 18, 1968 W.C.L. HEMEON: "Technique and Apparatus for Qauntitative Measurement of Odor Emissions", see page 166 - page 170. *

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6190904B1 (en) * 1994-03-31 2001-02-20 Genecor International, Inc. High-alkaline protease and its use arginine-substituted subtilisin composition and use
US5968782A (en) * 1996-12-04 1999-10-19 Brigham And Womens's Hospital, Inc. Mast cell protease that cleaves fibrinogen
EP1550867A1 (fr) * 2003-12-29 2005-07-06 Airbus Deutschland GmbH Procédé olfactive pour la détermination qualitative et quantitative de caractéristiques d'odeurs dans un flux d'air
US7143631B2 (en) * 2003-12-29 2006-12-05 Airbus Deutschland Gmbh Olfactory method for assessing quantitative and qualitative odor characteristic in an airstream

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DK421789A (da) 1991-03-14
AU6340890A (en) 1991-04-03
DK164074C (da) 1992-09-28
DK164074B (da) 1992-05-04
DK421789D0 (da) 1989-08-25

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