WO1990013889A1 - Procede de synthese de sons musicaux par representation modale - Google Patents
Procede de synthese de sons musicaux par representation modale Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1990013889A1 WO1990013889A1 PCT/FR1990/000317 FR9000317W WO9013889A1 WO 1990013889 A1 WO1990013889 A1 WO 1990013889A1 FR 9000317 W FR9000317 W FR 9000317W WO 9013889 A1 WO9013889 A1 WO 9013889A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- modal
- sound
- substructures
- representation
- points
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
- G10H—ELECTROPHONIC MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; INSTRUMENTS IN WHICH THE TONES ARE GENERATED BY ELECTROMECHANICAL MEANS OR ELECTRONIC GENERATORS, OR IN WHICH THE TONES ARE SYNTHESISED FROM A DATA STORE
- G10H5/00—Instruments in which the tones are generated by means of electronic generators
- G10H5/007—Real-time simulation of G10B, G10C, G10D-type instruments using recursive or non-linear techniques, e.g. waveguide networks, recursive algorithms
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
- G10H—ELECTROPHONIC MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; INSTRUMENTS IN WHICH THE TONES ARE GENERATED BY ELECTROMECHANICAL MEANS OR ELECTRONIC GENERATORS, OR IN WHICH THE TONES ARE SYNTHESISED FROM A DATA STORE
- G10H2250/00—Aspects of algorithms or signal processing methods without intrinsic musical character, yet specifically adapted for or used in electrophonic musical processing
- G10H2250/315—Sound category-dependent sound synthesis processes [Gensound] for musical use; Sound category-specific synthesis-controlling parameters or control means therefor
- G10H2250/441—Gensound string, i.e. generating the sound of a string instrument, controlling specific features of said sound
- G10H2250/445—Bowed string instrument sound generation, controlling specific features of said sound, e.g. use of fret or bow control parameters for violin effects synthesis
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method of digital synthesis by modal representation of structures. It applies in particular to the creation of musical sounds. Sound synthesis is an arduous undertaking, because it must meet the demands of the ear and therefore requires a good knowledge of the nature of sound.
- the physical characteristics of sound phenomena are complex; during the three phases that we have described, they vary continuously.
- the human ear is extremely sensitive to these fluctuations. It is usual for music to consist of a series of several sounds forming a set of sounds, or a musical phrase: the sounds belonging to a musical phrase are linked to each other in a logical manner.
- the human ear is very sensitive to the behavior and articulation of each of the sounds within the sentence: we can then see that the evolution of the sound characteristics, very complex in the case of an isolated sound, the or even more so in the case of a musical phrase.
- the digital sound synthesis must restore the evolutions of all these characteristics: it consists in determining a series of numbers, the samples, which constitute a discretized representation of the musical wave.
- the quantity of samples necessary for this reconstitution is large, it can reach for example 32,000 samples per second.
- a digital computer is used to establish this series of samples.
- the calculated samples, contained in a register are converted into an electrical voltage during a digital / analog conversion operation.
- the sequence of discrete pulses is then smoothed by filtering, in order to arrive at a continuous electrical signal; this signal is amplified, then delivered on a transducer, in order to be perceptible.
- Additive synthesis is a very general process, but it has a serious flaw: this process does not make it possible to account, in a simple way, for aperiodic or pseudo-periodic phenomena which escape Fourier analysis. These phenomena occur in particular during the transient phase of natural sounds, phase of which we have seen the importance, as well as during maintenance phases. The evolution of the frequency components during these phenomena is extremely complex, the Fourier analysis does not make it possible to determine it, and does not make it possible to know which components that are frequent and that must be added to carry out their synthesis. Additive synthesis therefore produces insufficient results in terms of transient sounds and sustained sounds, a fortiori in terms of phrases and musical articulations.
- This process is simple and economical, but it does not allow fine control of the characteristics of the sound phenomena. Like the previous process, it does not allow to restore aperiodic regimes and produces insufficient results in terms of transient sounds and maintained sounds.
- the acoustic pressure waves produced or radiated by the vibrations of the structures form, in the three-dimensional physical space, an acoustic field.
- This sound field is not the same at different points in space.
- the sound heard near a violin is not the same as that heard in a distant position.
- These properties of the sound field are also intimately linked to the spatial characteristics of the emitting structures. Synthesis processes which exclusively consider the temporal dimension or the frequency of acoustic phenomena are very limited in terms of projection, or diffusion of sounds in space.
- Hi ller and Ruiz use, for La description of pinched, struck or rubbed excitations coming to solicit the string, analytical solutions which are necessarily very simplified compared to reality, and which do not make it possible to satisfy the requirements of the ear. This is particularly noticeable during the attack phase.
- Hi ller and Ruiz provide no solution to the problem of diffusion or projection in L'espace des sons obtained.
- Sound synthesis by simulation of vibratory mechanisms, application to musical sounds Claude Cadoz describes some improvements made to the work of Hi ller and Ruiz which do not solve Significantly The drawbacks mentioned.
- the aim of the process according to the invention is to produce a sound synthesis for musical purposes which makes it possible to reconstruct the aperiodic or pseudo-periodic behavior of any mechanical structures or acoustic components subjected to external excitation stresses.
- the musical instrument The most general is described as the assembly of mechanical structures and acoustic components whose vibrations result from the action of the instrumentalist.
- the mechanical structures or acoustic components are characterized using the modal description. Using this characterization, the vibrations resulting from the application of stresses which correspond either to assembling interactions between structures or to external excitations reproducing the action of the instrumentalist are simulated.
- This process thus makes it possible to simulate in a way faithful The transient behavior of sounds and therefore of obtaining without difficulty the musical phrases and articulations produced by usual musical instruments.
- This method also makes it possible, on the basis of a frequent characterization of the structures, to simulate the "incredible” sounds that nonexistent instruments would produce, or even to modify at will the characteristics of the instruments in order to obtain continuous transitions. between instruments existing or not during the game.
- this method allows the constitution of multiple signals for supplying the radiated acoustic field which make it possible to improve the projection or the diffusion of the sounds obtained in space.
- the invention relates to a method of synthesizing a musical sound. This process consists of:
- FIG. 1 diagrammatically represents the decomposition of a complex structure, a violin into a set of sub-structures
- FIG. 2 shows a block diagram of a method according to the invention.
- the mechanical structures and the acoustic components are represented by their modal data and a network of points identified by coordinates.
- the modal formalism is identical, but does not relate, as we will see later, to the same physical quantities.
- numerical computation techniques by finite elements or experimental modal analysis known in the fields of automobile, nautical or aeronautical mechanics are used, and for complex acoustic components, measurements of geometric dimensions or measurements impedance.
- the modal data consist of a spatial part made up of the set of deformed modaLes gathered in a matrix and a frequency part L le which includes the set of resonance frequencies of the structure and the set of damping coefficients associated with these frequencies.
- Each frequency is linked to a vibration mode of the structure, that is to say to an elementary deformation movement for which all the points of the structure vibrate at the same pulsation. All the modes of a structure participate in its movement, and, in practice, one cannot observe a movement of the structure involving only one of these modes. This is why the movement of any structure involves several frequent components ie L les, each linked to a particular mode.
- the frequency components of a string for example, are distributed harmonically, and the sound obtained by pinching, friction or shock involves all of these components.
- the modal deformities form a basis on which it is possible to express the most general strain: this one can thus indifferently be expressed in the bases associated with the modal strains or with the generalized coordinates.
- the number of modal distortions, resonant frequencies and absorption coefficients is limited by the fact that the vibrating structure is discretized. The latter is considered as a set of points united in a network and interacting with each other. The greater the number of points taken into account, the greater the volume of model data. The limit is reached for a continuous structure whose model data would theoretically be in infinite number.
- the precision of the modal representation thus depends on the number of points chosen to discretize the structure or in an equivalent way of the number of the modal deformed shapes, of resonance frequencies and of damping coefficients or ca leu Lés.
- the fundamental mode that is to say the deformation for which all the points of the string could vibrate at the fundamental frequency, is an arc forming a half-period of sinusoid and bearing on the ends of the string;
- the higher rank deformities are portions of sinusoids whose periods correspond to whole multiples of the period associated with the fundamental deformation.
- a violin case is discretized in twenty points for example.
- the mechanical equivalent of this discretization amounts to assimilating the body to an assembly of twenty masses connected by springs.
- the set has twenty resonant frequencies.
- a force i mpu Is i onne L le, delivered using an impact hammer and applied successively to each point makes it possible to measure the modal data.
- the ratio of the Fourier transforms of the information delivered by the Lérometre access, and by a force sensor placed on the impact hammer makes it possible to obtain the whole resonance frequencies with corresponding damping coefficients.
- Each resonant frequency is associated with a vibration mode of the violin case.
- the amplitude of these modes is determined at the point where the excitation force is applied.
- the complex amplitudes of all the modes for a given excitation point can be arranged in line.
- the successive lines obtained by repeating the measurement for different points of application of the excitation force can be arranged one under the other to form a matrix.
- a column of this matrix represents a modal deformation: it corresponds to the state of deformation attached to a mode.
- the modal representation is formally identical in the case of acoustic components.
- the modal deformities are then distributions of acoustic potential within an acoustic component.
- a distribution of potential or any acoustic pressure within an acoustic component can be expressed using elementary deformations.
- the cylindrical acoustic tube like the string, is simple enough for the determination of its modal distortions in acoustic potential to be carried out from an analytical calculation, and does not require any recourse to an experimental measurement technique. The same goes for truncated cones or simple shaped pavilions.
- the determination of the modal distortions associated with more complex acoustic systems can be carried out by modeling the system as a series of small cylindrical or conical elements; a measurement of the geometric dimensions of the system is then necessary. This modeling can be adapted to all acoustic tubes of instrumental invoice, and embellished with impedance measurements.
- the most general instrument can be represented by an assembly of mechanical structures and acoustic components; one then obtains a complex structure composed of substructures.
- the modal description characterizes the vibratory behavior of each substructure, and makes it possible to determine, in particular, its vibratory response to an external stress.
- To obtain the sound samples resulting from the vibration of a complex structure it remains, after having represented all the substructures of which it is composed, to simulate the stresses to which the substructures are subjected.
- These solicitations are of two types: either forces or rates of interaction, or external excitations reproducing the action of an instrumentalist; one simulates their application in selected points of substructures.
- the first type of stress, the forces or the interaction rates makes it possible to simulate the assembly of the substructures.
- assembly forces are associated with a mode of interaction.
- the interaction modes belong to different categories: sliding or adherent type contact (to simulate the interaction of a substructure representing a bow, a " finger or a plectrum with a substructure representing a string for example), or air jet type interaction (in the case of a flute or organ pipe simulation for example), interaction single or double reed type (in the case of a clarinet simulation for example).
- each of these categories, or mode of interaction is defined by rules which make it possible to automatically determine relative movements of points which support this interaction.
- an interaction rule we can cite the contact of a point of a substructure representing a plectrum with a point of a substructure representing a string: throughout the duration of the contact of the plectrum with the cord, the relative speed of the two points is zero, and the forces applied at these points by a substructure to the other verify the principle of action and reaction.
- the plectrum releases the string when the instantaneous interaction force exceeds a certain threshold corresponding to the mechanical resistance limit of the plectrum.
- the rule associated with the Pinched type interaction ensures respect for the principle of action and reaction and automatically determines the moment when the plectrum releases the string.
- the assembly therefore concerns the constitution of the instruments from the substructures composing them, these substructures including The objects which usually come to excite them, such as The bow for the violin, or The reed for The larva.
- the interactions of the substructures are simulated by an iterative computation of temporal integration of the equations representing the interactions, starting from ⁇ the vibratory state of the substructures concerned.
- An embodiment of this calculation is described below.
- This temporal integration makes it possible to simulate complex interactions involving or not nonlinear phenomena, like discontinuities of regimes for example.
- this iterative calculation it is possible to describe extremely complex situations, which correspond precisely to the transient regimes and to the phases of maintenance of the sounds that we mentioned above.
- FIG. 1 schematically shows an example of cutting up a sub-structure of a violin.
- the violin is divided into seven parts: The body 2, the bridge 4, the four strings 6 and The bow 8.
- the double arrows represent the interactions between the structures.
- Bridge 4 interacts with strings 6.
- the easel 4 remaining integral with the body 2 can for example compi Ler Their model data.
- a point of Bow 8 and a point of a chosen string support a hoop / rope interaction, for example.
- This interaction can be of the rubbed type which consists of a succession of adhesion and sliding phases.
- the rule associated with such an interaction makes it possible to automatically determine the instants at which the commutations occur between the adhesion and sliding phases.
- the violin shown in Figure 3 does not correspond to a violin modeled by modal analysis. Indeed, the latter determines the modal data from discretized structures and therefore formed from point networks.
- Figure i illustrates only the assembly of substructures modeling a violin.
- the second type of solicitation consists of external excitations or footing representing the action of an instrumentalist.
- each of the substructures composing the complex structure being determined by its modal data, and each of the assembly interaction forces being determined by iterative integration, the response of the total structure to an external excitation is determined.
- this excitation can be an external force applied to the handle of the bow 8.
- the external excitation can be a force applied to the handle of the wand.
- the loting excitation may be an external pressure applied to the reed.
- the external stresses are obtained by the simulation of the application of a flow of a pressure or an external force at selected points of selected substructures. These forces or flows make it possible to control, or to level the substructures with which they are associated in a manner analogous to what the instrumentalist must do to control his instrument.
- the external stresses represented by a series of discrete values do not necessarily correspond to a force, a flow or a pressure; they can correspond to any signal.
- this signal can be a series of samples corresponding to a digitized sound; we then perform a filtering of this digitized sound by assembling the substructures determined beforehand.
- the external excitations like the interaction modes, are associated with footing rules, these rules govern the temporal variations of the excitations whose application is simulated on the complex structure so as to synthesize sounds.
- a vibrato for example can be the object of a pi lotage rule allowing to automatically adjust the pi lotage parameters acting on the substructures producing the vibrato .
- the substructures consist of a representation of a finger and a rope, and a setting of piotage can be associated with the position of the finger on the rope.
- a footing rule requires input specifications to be applied: a vibrato can be slow or fast for example.
- the vibrational state of the complex structure is determined.
- knowledge of the overall vibrational state makes it possible to determine as many values as desired which are the samples representing the sound.
- the number of samples is chosen and can be much greater than 1; this makes it possible, by means of a possible processing, an example of which is given below, to achieve a better projection of the sound in space.
- FIG. 2 represents a block diagram of a method according to the invention.
- an instrument that is to say a complex vibrating structure, represented by modal data corresponding to a discretization of the structure.
- Figure 2 shows a block diagram of a method according to the invention.
- an instrument that is to say represent a complex vibrating structure by modal data corresponding to a discretization of the structure in a network of points identified by coordinates.
- a preliminary operation consists in establishing a library of substructures.
- This library is constituted by a database 14 containing the modal data as well as the networks of points which represent the substructures.
- This database is scalable, it can be supplemented by new substructures as and when uses and experimental measurements. These substructures are the building blocks of the complex structure behind the sound.
- the database can also contain control rules. The control rules stored in the database allow the user to find in the library for example.
- control parameters associated with such and such a vibrato for example, and thus avoid having to redefine them each time it is used. They can also be modified at will and save these new modified rules, corresponding to a different vibrato, in the database.
- the library of control rules like the library of substructures, can be extended during use.
- the database can finally contain rules for transitions between structures.
- the rules of transitions between structures make it possible to determine the modifications which must be made to the modal data of a structure in order to progress continuously, during the simulation, from a given initial structure to a given final structure.
- the rules stored in the database make it possible to find, for example, the variations in modal data corresponding to a transition from violin case to bass box, without having to redetermine them for each new use.
- the library of control rules like the library of substructures, can be extended during use.
- the simulation of an initial complex structure can be broken down into several steps: Registration of substructures, step 30:
- the representations of the substructures chosen to compose the initial complex structure are recorded in a computer 12.
- the computer 1 can be a computer or a specialized processor for example.
- Each representation is formed by modal data and by a network of points identified by coordinates contained in the database 14 which is connected to the computer 12. Access to this database is managed by the computer 12 for example.
- the computer 12 for example.
- the assembly points are chosen. Each pair of points belonging to different substructures and intended to be assembled is associated with a mode of interaction. The rules which define each interaction mode are contained in files of the computer 12 for example.
- the access points are also chosen on each of the substructures to which the excitations are subsequently applied.
- points or distortions exit points or distortions which are studied later to obtain the samples of the sound signal: we then have as many sound sources as output points or distorted.
- the modal data of the assembled and compiled structure, the assembly, access and exit points are saved in a file of the computer 12.
- the initialization operation 2 comprises a last step: Piloting, step 34:
- Piloting rules which can be contained in the database 14 for example.
- the rules chosen are saved in a file of the calculator 12. During an application in deferred time, these rules are determined once and for all and saved in a file 16. In real time, these specifications are specified as and when Sound synthesis.
- Step 34 rules for modifying the modal data of the initial complex structure are also chosen. This modification is carried out during the simulation and will make it possible to obtain a continuous transition between the initial structure and a final structure.
- These rules can be chosen from the database 14 for example; they are saved in a file of the computer 12.
- the initialization operation 22 therefore makes it possible to obtain a representation of a complex structure assembled and compiled, provided with rules which ensure the control of the structure subjected to external excitations. These rules issue the user with tasks which are then automatically taken care of by the computer 12.
- the determination of the samples representing the sound over time is carried out by an iterative processing comprising the operations 24 and 26 linked by a loop. This loop is repeated for each time step of the iterative calculation.
- This operation is the first of the iterative processing.
- This processing makes it possible to obtain a succession of instantaneous dynamic variables associated with the structure and its deformations and producing a representation of the synthesized sound. These dynamic variables are described below.
- the operation 24 for updating the controls is broken down into several stages.
- step 36 Update of the instantaneous modal characteristics of the structures, step 36:
- the instantaneous mechanical characteristics of the substructures i.e. the instantaneous resonance frequencies and the instantaneous deformed modaLs are calculated by the computer 12 in accordance with the rules for controlling the structures which have been determined during the initialization operation. These data are kept in a register for an iteration. This calculation does not need to be at the first iteration, since the complex structure is perfectly defined. It is used to allow variations of the structure to be made. Update of external piloting, step 38:
- the instantaneous values of the external excitations associated with the substructures can be determined in accordance with the control rules chosen during the initialization step. These values are then " placed in a register of the computer 12 as the process proceeds.
- control parameters are, for example, from sensors at as the simulation progresses, then recorded in a register of the computer 12. It is possible to use, for example force or pressure sensors connected to the computer 12. This use makes it possible to obtain digital signals proportional to forces or to pressures. These signals are used to simulate the excitation of the structure.
- the external control can also relate to the instantaneous position of the access points on a substructure. In the case of vibrato, for example, it is then the position of the point of contact between a substructure representing a finger, and a substructure representing a string. As in the case of external excitations, this position can be obtained by rulers or by sensors delivering digital signals on an output connected to an input of the computer 12 (these sensors are not shown).
- Update of the assembly, step 40 The rules defining the interactions between the substructures make it possible to test the validity of the results obtained during the previous iteration, and to modify the assembly if necessary, in accordance with the peculiarities of interactions.
- This calculation consists in solving numerically the fundamental equation of the dynamics applied to the structure. This resolution is carried out in the base of the modal deformed shapes. It consists of determination of the instantaneous dynamic variables associated with each elementary mode of each substructure. From these dynamic variables, it is possible to determine the dynamic variables in the base of the generalized coordinates associated with assembly or exit access points as defined above. The nature of these dynamic variables is different depending on whether the structure is mechanical or acoustic: in the first case, they are displacements, speeds and instantaneous forces, in the second case, they are acoustic potentials of acoustic pressures and instantaneous flow rates.
- ⁇ yj and ⁇ F are then vectors whose
- N is the number of points of the network squaring the substructure. Determination of dynamic sources for each access and assembly point, step 42:
- the dynamic equation is discretized over time.
- the vibratory state of the substructure can be expressed according to the dynamic variables at the instant t, immediately previous.
- a projection of the forces or the generalized flows on the basis of the modal deformations, followed by the expression of the deviations of these deformities in the base of the generalized coordinates one obtains by integration an equation of the type connecting the instantaneous forces / flows to the instantaneous speeds / pressures of the points where the external stresses are simulated.
- These points are, of course, the access points and the assembly points of the substructure which were chosen during step 22 and possibly modified during step 24.
- the admittance matrix is determined from the modal specifications of the substructure.
- the source term S *) ⁇ represents the contribution of the past to the vibrational state of the structure at time t + 1.
- This vector equation represents a system of rank P equations where P is the number of external stresses. P is less than N and the resolution of this system of equations is faster than the resolution of the previous system. A source term is therefore determined for the P access or assembly points of each substructure.
- step 44 Calculation of the forces and interaction rates between the substructures, step 44:
- the dynamic variables defined above are determined.
- is the vector composed by The set of interaction forces between substructures calculated at time t + 1, ⁇ St ⁇ is a source vector depending on the dynamic source terms
- the so-called control matrix cj has a shape directly linked to the macroscopic assembly of the substructures. Updating of the dynamic variables for each substructure and each access and exit point, stage 46: the projection of the forces or the rates of interaction in the base of the modal deformations allows the calculation of the velocities and the modal pressures. By changing the base, by placing oneself in the base of the generalized coordinates, we obtain the speeds. The displacements or the acoustic pressures of the points of access and exit.
- step 26 All the parameters determined during step 26 are used to allow the calculation of the parameters of the following time iteration: at the end of the calculation 26, a loop makes it possible to return to the previous step 24.
- the successive sets of values determined during the different iterations are therefore the samples which form a representation of the sound.
- samples are stored in a register of the computer 12. Consequently, these samples can undergo any desired processing. They can be stored in memory or on media such as discs or magnetic tapes.
- They can be treated in such a way as to affect them. They can be processed so as to produce sounds via at least one suitable transducer.
- Operation 28 Processing The processing concerns, as desired, the samples from the sets of velocities at pressures associated with the distorted output and / or the sets of velocities or acoustic pressures associated with output points. These samples are converted into analog signals representing sound.
- the processing can consist of a weighted mixing of the various samples.
- the treatment can also be individualized:
- Samples are issued on parallel channels.
- the two examples of processing mentioned here are not the only ones possible: all the intermediate variants are achievable.
- the richness of the synthetic sound produced is then understood: in addition to the good rendering of the transients, the method according to the invention makes it possible to account for the space ia L i sat i on of the sound by authorizing the obtaining of signals from various exit points or distorted.
- the number of output points depends on the possibilities of the computer 12.
- Four output points constitute a minimum number to obtain a sufficiently rich sound. Currently, twenty five points are used but experiments have been made with ninety exit points.
- the computer 12 delivers the processed samples to at least one output of the digital signals.
- Operation 17 digital / analog conversion.
- the digital signals are then converted into analog signals by at least one digital / analog converter.
- Operation 18 amplification.
- the analog signals are amplified by an amplifier.
- Operation 2O sound emission
- the amplified signals are delivered on at least one suitable transducer and converted into acoustic signals.
- the method according to the invention by using a modal representation of a complex structure offers great flexibility of use.
- the vibrating structure can be modified at will according to predefined or not predefined schemes.
- the method according to the invention delivers, at each time iteration, several samples which allow a spatial reconstruction of the sound.
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Nonlinear Science (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
- Multimedia (AREA)
- Electrophonic Musical Instruments (AREA)
- Vertical, Hearth, Or Arc Furnaces (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR8906059A FR2646951B1 (fr) | 1989-05-09 | 1989-05-09 | Procede de synthese de sons musicaux par representation modale |
FR89/06059 | 1989-05-09 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1990013889A1 true WO1990013889A1 (fr) | 1990-11-15 |
Family
ID=9381489
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/FR1990/000317 WO1990013889A1 (fr) | 1989-05-09 | 1990-05-03 | Procede de synthese de sons musicaux par representation modale |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0428657A1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JPH04501776A (fr) |
CA (1) | CA2032472A1 (fr) |
DE (1) | DE9003447U1 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2646951B1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO1990013889A1 (fr) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN1108602C (zh) * | 1995-03-28 | 2003-05-14 | 华邦电子股份有限公司 | 具有音乐旋律的语音合成器 |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4133241A (en) * | 1975-05-27 | 1979-01-09 | Nippon Gakki Seizo Kabushiki Kaisha | Electronic musical instrument utilizing recursive algorithm |
US4736663A (en) * | 1984-10-19 | 1988-04-12 | California Institute Of Technology | Electronic system for synthesizing and combining voices of musical instruments |
-
1989
- 1989-05-09 FR FR8906059A patent/FR2646951B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1990
- 1990-03-23 DE DE9003447U patent/DE9003447U1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-05-03 CA CA002032472A patent/CA2032472A1/fr not_active Abandoned
- 1990-05-03 JP JP2507396A patent/JPH04501776A/ja active Pending
- 1990-05-03 WO PCT/FR1990/000317 patent/WO1990013889A1/fr not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1990-05-03 EP EP90907157A patent/EP0428657A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4133241A (en) * | 1975-05-27 | 1979-01-09 | Nippon Gakki Seizo Kabushiki Kaisha | Electronic musical instrument utilizing recursive algorithm |
US4736663A (en) * | 1984-10-19 | 1988-04-12 | California Institute Of Technology | Electronic system for synthesizing and combining voices of musical instruments |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN1108602C (zh) * | 1995-03-28 | 2003-05-14 | 华邦电子股份有限公司 | 具有音乐旋律的语音合成器 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE9003447U1 (de) | 1990-07-05 |
EP0428657A1 (fr) | 1991-05-29 |
FR2646951A1 (fr) | 1990-11-16 |
CA2032472A1 (fr) | 1990-11-10 |
JPH04501776A (ja) | 1992-03-26 |
FR2646951B1 (fr) | 1991-08-23 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US8809663B2 (en) | Synthetic simulation of a media recording | |
Farnell | Designing sound | |
US7799986B2 (en) | Stringed instrument for connection to a computer to implement DSP modeling | |
Trautmann et al. | Digital sound synthesis by physical modeling using the functional transformation method | |
Tolonen et al. | Modeling of tension modulation nonlinearity in plucked strings | |
US7812243B2 (en) | Stringed instrument with embedded DSP modeling for modeling acoustic stringed instruments | |
Traube | An interdisciplinary study of the timbre of the classical guitar | |
EP2047455A2 (fr) | Dispositif de production de signaux representatifs de sons d'un instrument à clavier et à cordes | |
Gough | Musical acoustics | |
Beament | The violin explained: components, mechanism, and sound | |
Borin et al. | Musical signal synthesis | |
Stulov et al. | Vibration of strings with nonlinear supports | |
Issanchou et al. | Nonsmooth contact dynamics for the numerical simulation of collisions in musical string instruments | |
Holm | Virtual violin in the digital domain: physical modeling and model-based sound synthesis of violin and its interactive application in virtual environment | |
Colinot | Numerical simulation of woodwind dynamics: investigating nonlinear sound production behavior in saxophone-like instruments | |
EP1576577B1 (fr) | Procede de simulation et de synthese numerique d'un phenomene oscillant | |
WO1990013889A1 (fr) | Procede de synthese de sons musicaux par representation modale | |
Laird | The physical modelling of drums using digital waveguides | |
Avanzo et al. | Data sonification of volcano seismograms and Sound/Timbre reconstruction of ancient musical instruments with Grid infrastructures | |
Tolonen | Object-based sound source modeling | |
Sterling et al. | Empirical physical modeling for bowed string instruments | |
Serafin et al. | An Enactive Approach to the Preservation of Musical Instruments Reconstructing Russolo's Intonarumori | |
Fabre et al. | Physical modelling of a harp from Central Africa | |
Pekonen | Computationally efficient music synthesis–methods and sound design | |
De Poli | Sound models for synthesis: a structural viewpoint |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
AK | Designated states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): CA JP US |
|
AL | Designated countries for regional patents |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE DK ES FR GB IT LU NL SE |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 1990907157 Country of ref document: EP |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 2032472 Country of ref document: CA |
|
WWP | Wipo information: published in national office |
Ref document number: 1990907157 Country of ref document: EP |
|
WWW | Wipo information: withdrawn in national office |
Ref document number: 1990907157 Country of ref document: EP |