WO1990011161A1 - Arrangement for welding coated workpieces using a laser beam - Google Patents

Arrangement for welding coated workpieces using a laser beam Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1990011161A1
WO1990011161A1 PCT/DE1990/000239 DE9000239W WO9011161A1 WO 1990011161 A1 WO1990011161 A1 WO 1990011161A1 DE 9000239 W DE9000239 W DE 9000239W WO 9011161 A1 WO9011161 A1 WO 9011161A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
knurling
arrangement
welding
weld seam
workpieces
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/DE1990/000239
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Klaus Behler
Ralf Imhoff
Eckhard Beyer
Werner Gatzweiler
Dora Maischner
Gerd Herziger
Original Assignee
Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DE3909471A external-priority patent/DE3909471C2/en
Application filed by Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. filed Critical Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V.
Publication of WO1990011161A1 publication Critical patent/WO1990011161A1/en

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K33/00—Specially-profiled edge portions of workpieces for making soldering or welding connections; Filling the seams formed thereby
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/16—Removal of by-products, e.g. particles or vapours produced during treatment of a workpiece
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/20—Bonding
    • B23K26/32—Bonding taking account of the properties of the material involved
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2101/00—Articles made by soldering, welding or cutting
    • B23K2101/34—Coated articles, e.g. plated or painted; Surface treated articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
    • B23K2103/08—Non-ferrous metals or alloys
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
    • B23K2103/50—Inorganic material, e.g. metals, not provided for in B23K2103/02 – B23K2103/26

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an arrangement for welding coated workpieces, in particular galvanized sheets, in an overlap joint by means of laser radiation, with a shape in the area of the weld seam that creates space between adjacent workpiece surfaces, according to a patent (patent application
  • Such an arrangement is the subject of the main invention.
  • This arrangement relates to two sheets lying flat against one another, one of which has welds parallel to the weld seam, which protrude toward the other sheet.
  • there is a spacing gap between the sheets in the area between the formations with the aid of which it can be avoided that the evaporation of the coating material between the sheets to be joined increases .
  • Pore, hole and crater formation in the weld leads.
  • the formations on both sides of the joint or the weld seam have a special effect well-defined contact of the two workpieces with one another and therefore a correspondingly constant design of the weld, which can be produced with little control effort.
  • the object of the invention is to design the arrangement in such a way that the production outlay for the shape creating the distance between the adjacent workpiece surfaces is small and at the same time the formation of the undesired melt movements is avoided.
  • This object is achieved in that knurling is present as a shape.
  • Knurling is a shape that can be formed using known methods regardless of the thickness of the workpieces or the sheets and their shape in the joining area. This eliminates the above-described protruding formations and nevertheless the well-defined abutment of the workpieces or sheets against one another is retained. This results in a particularly good consistency of the shape, because this is not dependent on the tolerances of the workpieces, but is only influenced by parameters of the knurling, such as the design of the knurling element, the knurling pressure, etc.
  • the distance between adjacent workpiece surfaces does not run continuously along, as in the forms of the main application located on both sides of the weld seam, but is interrupted in the longitudinal direction by areas in which the workpieces are also close to one another in the area of the weld seam .
  • a periodic disturbance "of the workpiece surface with low amplitude is that affects the forming resonant melt movements. It were ⁇ the thus process-related periodic resonance phenomena in molten bath avoided, whereby the" humping avoided "effect or voninde.st affected can As a result, higher process speeds are possible.
  • the knurled width is approximately twice as large as the width of the weld seam. Given a corresponding usual knurling depth, this results in sufficient distance or space so that coating material which evaporates between the workpieces does not lead to pore, hole or crater formation in the weld seam.
  • the knurling can be produced by means of conventionally known methods. It is expedient if the knurling is produced by means of machining, cold pressing or cold rolling or embossing.
  • the knurling is designed as transverse and / or oblique and / or cross knurling. With the help of the aforementioned knurling forms, sufficient influence can be exerted that process-related periodic resonance phenomena in the melt bath are avoided.
  • Fig.l is a block diagram of a device for welding an arrangement according to the invention
  • Fig.2 shows a cross section of two special workpieces in
  • FIG. 3 is a plan view of a workpiece from FIG. 2.
  • a workpiece assembly 1 which consists of two workpieces 2, 3, which are joined with the aid of a laser 4.
  • the laser beam 5 generated by the laser 4 is focused by laser optics 6 and directed onto the joint 20.
  • the latter receives an additional material 8, namely through a guide element 9, which is designed, for example, as a tube and mechanically feeds the additional material in the form of a welding wire to the desired welding point.
  • the promotion of the filler material is carried with a conveyor 10 and the feed rate is measured with a measuring device 11 and mit_einem controller "12 signa ⁇ lengine. This controls the conveying speed of the forme ⁇ material by influencing the conveying device 10 correspondingly further operating parameters.
  • the meter is supplied by the beam diagnostics 13, which determines the quality of the laser beam 5, in particular its intensity, and accordingly acts on the controller 12.
  • the drive parameter is the speed of the workpieces 2, 3 relative to the laser beam 5, which is detected by the measuring and control device 14 and is influenced by the controller 12.
  • the measuring devices 15, 16 and 17 record operating parameters that result from the monitoring of the joint 7, namely acoustically (measuring device 15), optically (measuring device 16), whereby for example temperature monitoring of the joint 20 takes place or spectroscopic plasma monitoring. and also optically (measuring device 17), a cutting line method being used, for example, to determine the seam or gap geometry, in particular the gap width or a seam incidence in the area of the weld.
  • the controller 12 which is accordingly acted upon automatically ensures that the laser 4 or the laser optics 6 are acted on, so that the welding takes place in a completely process-controlled manner.
  • the welding takes place primarily as controlled welding of thin workpieces, in particular thin sheets, as are used in the body construction of motor vehicles. During this welding, it may be necessary to ensure that the weld seam is not visible on the outside or underside of the body panel. Nevertheless, the connection must be reliable and it should be welded at the highest possible speed in order to achieve high production.
  • the intensity of the laser radiation is regulated by the controller 12 as a function of one or more welding point parameters, at least one of which states whether the laser radiation generates laser-induced plasma in the welding point.
  • the presence of plasma or its formation is determined optically, for example, since in this case the material of the workpieces evaporates, which can be monitored by spectral analysis.
  • the controller 12 is acted upon accordingly and changes the laser intensity at the given time.
  • the implementation of several welding processes, which can also be used here, is described and explained in detail in the main invention, to which reference is hereby made to avoid repetitions. This applies to all the methods and devices mentioned there, insofar as they can be carried out in connection with knurling as a shape.
  • the knurling of the workpieces 2, 3 is described in more detail in FIGS.
  • the two workpieces 2, 3 are sheets with the comparatively small thickness s. They lie close together without a gap. Their configuration on the right and left of the welding point 20 or the welding seam 50 is irrelevant here.
  • the welding is carried out with a laser beam 5, which generates the weld seam 50 with the weld seam width b.
  • a laser beam 5 which generates the weld seam 50 with the weld seam width b.
  • it is moved, for example, oscillating transversely to the relative feed direction of workpieces 2, 3, so that the weakly V-shaped weld seam 50 shown is formed, with which workpieces 2, 3 are connected over their entire thickness 2s.
  • a knurling 46 which consists of a plurality of beads 51.
  • This bead 51 is present in the lower workpiece 3, but can also be present in the upper workpiece 2 as a bead 51 ', as indicated by dashed lines.
  • Each bead 51 has a length which corresponds to the knurling width br and has a depth which is equal to the knurling depth tr. It can be seen from the drawing that the knurled width br is approximately twice as large as the Seh diligentnahtbreit ⁇ b.
  • the bead 51 or the knurling 46 creates a distance a between adjacent workpiece surfaces, specifically between the workpiece surface 45 of the workpiece 3 forming the bead bottom and the workpiece surface 44 of the workpiece 2.
  • the bead 51 shown in broken lines is opposite the bead 51 51 is', the distance between the surfaces and Werkbericht ⁇ is enlarged so that the lumen also Vo ⁇ located between the two, namely doubled.
  • the knurling 46 consists of a plurality of beads 51 arranged in the welding direction 52, which have areas 52 between them in which the workpieces 2, 3 are arranged closely spaced apart.
  • the knurling is consequently a periodic disturbance, relative to the welding point 20, of not too great an amplitude in order to avoid process-related periodic resonance phenomena in the melt bath.
  • the knurl 46 the respective Anfor ⁇ changes accordingly ' "formed, ie, for example, as Querrändelung 47, as Schrägrändelung 48 or as Wienritze- lung 49. Combinations of these Rändelungsart are usable depending on the welding method.
  • the invention is used for welding two sheets lying flat on top of one another with laser radiation.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Laser Beam Processing (AREA)

Abstract

In an arrangement for welding coated workpieces, in particular galvanized iron, by lap welding using a laser beam, at least one workpiece has a shaping in the region of the weld seam which keeps adjacent workpiece surfaces at a distance apart. To ensure that the shaping required to obtain the distance between the adjacent workpiece surfaces can be produced economically and to prevent the production of undesirable movements in the melt, the arrangement is designed so that the shaping is in the form of a straight knurl.

Description

Anordnung zum Schweißen von beschichteten Werkstücken mittels LαserstrαhlungArrangement for welding coated workpieces by means of laser radiation
Beschreibungdescription
Technisches GebietTechnical field
Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf eine Anordnung zum Schweißen von beschichteten Werkstücken, insbesondere verzink¬ ten Blechen , im Überlappstoß mittels Laserstrahlung , mit einer im Bereich der Schweißnaht gelegenen Formgebung mindestens eines Werkstücks , die Abstand zwischen benachbarten Werkstück¬ flächen schafft , nach Patent (PatentanmeldungThe invention relates to an arrangement for welding coated workpieces, in particular galvanized sheets, in an overlap joint by means of laser radiation, with a shape in the area of the weld seam that creates space between adjacent workpiece surfaces, according to a patent (patent application
P 38 20 848 . 2)P 38 20 848. 2)
Stand der TechnikState of the art
Eine derartige Anordnung ist Gegenstand der Haupterfin¬ dung. Diese Anordnung betrifft zwei flach aneinander liegende Bleche, von denen eines schweißnahtparallele Ausformungen auf¬ weist, die zum anderen Blech hin vorspringen. Infolgedessen entsteht zwischen den Blechen im Bereich zwischen den Ausfor¬ mungen ein Abstandsspalt, mit dessen Hilfe vermieden werden kann, daß die Verdampfung des Beschichtungswerkstoffes zwischen den zu verbindenden Blechen zu. Poren-, Loch- und Kraterbildung in der Schweißnaht führt. Die beidseitig der Fügestelle bzw. der Schweißnaht gelegenen Ausformungen bewirken eine besonders gut definierte Anlage der.beiden Werkstücke aneinander und da¬ mit eine entsprechend konstantbleibende Ausgestaltung der Schweißstelle, die mit geringem Regelaufwand hergestellt werden kann.Such an arrangement is the subject of the main invention. This arrangement relates to two sheets lying flat against one another, one of which has welds parallel to the weld seam, which protrude toward the other sheet. As a result, there is a spacing gap between the sheets in the area between the formations, with the aid of which it can be avoided that the evaporation of the coating material between the sheets to be joined increases . Pore, hole and crater formation in the weld leads. The formations on both sides of the joint or the weld seam have a special effect well-defined contact of the two workpieces with one another and therefore a correspondingly constant design of the weld, which can be produced with little control effort.
Der Aufwand zur Herstellung der Ausformungen der Haupter¬ findung ist jedoch abhängig von der Blechdicke und auch von der übrigen Formgestaltung der Bleche in deren Verbindungsbereich. Ferner wurde beobachtet, daß insbesondere bei höheren Schwei߬ geschwindigkeiten verstärkt Schmelzebewegungen auftreten, die zu tropfen- oder klumpenförmiger Schmelznahtausbildung führen, sogenannter' "Humping"-Effekt.However, the effort required to produce the moldings of the main invention depends on the sheet thickness and also on the remaining shape of the sheets in their connection area. It has also been observed that, particularly at higher welding speeds, there is an increase in melt movements which lead to the formation of drops or lumps in the weld seam, the so-called “humping” effect.
Darstellung der ErfindungPresentation of the invention
Demgegenüber liegt der Erfindung die Aufgabe zugrunde, die Anordnung so auszubilden, daß der Herstellungsaufwand für die Abstand zwischen den benachbarten Werkstückflächen schaffende Formgebung klein ist und zugleich auch die Ausbildung der uner¬ wünschten Schmelzebewegungen vermieden wird.In contrast, the object of the invention is to design the arrangement in such a way that the production outlay for the shape creating the distance between the adjacent workpiece surfaces is small and at the same time the formation of the undesired melt movements is avoided.
Diese Aufgabe wird dadurch gelöst, daß eine Rändelung als Formgebung vorhanden ist.This object is achieved in that knurling is present as a shape.
Die Rändelung ist eine Formgebung, die unabhängig von der Dicke der Werkstücke bzw. der Bleche und deren Formgebung im Fügebereich mit bekannten Verfahren ausgebildet werden kann. Damit erübrigen sich die vorbeschriebenen vorspringenden Aus¬ formungen und trotzdem bleibt die gut definierte Anlage der Werkstücke bzw. Bleche aneinander erhalten. Es ergibt sich eine besonders gute Konstanz der Formgebung, Weil diese nicht von Toleranzen der Werkstücke abhängig ist, sondern einzig von Pa¬ rametern der Rändelung beeinflußt wird, wie Ausgestaltung des Rändelungselementes, Randelungsdruck usw. Neben Vorstehendem ist vor allem von Bedeutung, daß der Abstand zwischen benachbarten Werkstückfächen nicht, wie bei den beidseitig der Schweißnaht gelegenen Ausformungen der Hauptanmeldung kontinuierlich längs durchläuft, sondern in Längsrichtung durch Bereiche unterbrochen ist, in denen die Werkstücke auch im Bereich der Schweißnaht dicht aneinander liegen. Infolgedessen' stellt die Rändelung eine periodische Störung "der Werkstückoberfläche mit geringer Amplitude dar, die das Ausbilden resonanter Schmelzebewegungen beeinflußt. Es wer¬ den also prozeßbedingte periodische Resonanzerscheinungen im Schmelzebad vermieden, wodurch der "Humping"-Effekt vermieden oder zuminde.st beeinflußt werden kann. Infolgedessen sind höhere Prozeßgeschwindigkeiten möglich.Knurling is a shape that can be formed using known methods regardless of the thickness of the workpieces or the sheets and their shape in the joining area. This eliminates the above-described protruding formations and nevertheless the well-defined abutment of the workpieces or sheets against one another is retained. This results in a particularly good consistency of the shape, because this is not dependent on the tolerances of the workpieces, but is only influenced by parameters of the knurling, such as the design of the knurling element, the knurling pressure, etc. In addition to the above, it is particularly important that the distance between adjacent workpiece surfaces does not run continuously along, as in the forms of the main application located on both sides of the weld seam, but is interrupted in the longitudinal direction by areas in which the workpieces are also close to one another in the area of the weld seam . As a result represents' the knurling a periodic disturbance "of the workpiece surface with low amplitude is that affects the forming resonant melt movements. It wer¬ the thus process-related periodic resonance phenomena in molten bath avoided, whereby the" humping avoided "effect or zuminde.st affected can As a result, higher process speeds are possible.
Insbesondere bei beidseitig der Schweißnaht aneinanderlie- genden Werkstückflächen ist es von Vorteil, daß die Rändel¬ breite etwa doppelt so groß ist, wie die Schweißnahtbreite. Das ergibt bei entsprechender üblicher Rändeltiefe genügend Abstand bzw. Raum, so daß zwischen den Werkstücken verdampfender Be¬ schichtungswerkstoff nicht zu Poren-, Loch- oder Kraterbildung in der Schweißnaht führt.In particular in the case of workpiece surfaces lying on both sides of the weld seam, it is advantageous that the knurled width is approximately twice as large as the width of the weld seam. Given a corresponding usual knurling depth, this results in sufficient distance or space so that coating material which evaporates between the workpieces does not lead to pore, hole or crater formation in the weld seam.
Die Rändelung kann mittels herkömmlicher bekannter Verfah¬ ren hergestellt werden. Zweckmäßig ist es, wenn die Rändelung mittels spanabhebender, Kaltpreß- oder Kaltwalz- oder Prägever¬ fahren hergestellt ist.The knurling can be produced by means of conventionally known methods. It is expedient if the knurling is produced by means of machining, cold pressing or cold rolling or embossing.
Um die Resonanzen zum "Humping"-Effekt führender Schmelze¬ bewegungen zu vermeiden, ist die Rändelung als Quer- und/oder Schräg- und/oder Kreuzrändelung ausgebildet. Mit Hilfe der vor¬ genannten Rändelungsformen kann Hinreichend Einfluß darauf ge¬ nommen werden, daß prozeßbedingte periodische Resonanzerschei¬ nungen im Schmelzebad vermieden werden. Kurze Beschreibung der ZeichnungenIn order to avoid the resonances to the "humping" effect of leading melt movements, the knurling is designed as transverse and / or oblique and / or cross knurling. With the help of the aforementioned knurling forms, sufficient influence can be exerted that process-related periodic resonance phenomena in the melt bath are avoided. Brief description of the drawings
Die Erfindung wird anhand eines in der Zeichnung darge¬ stellten Ausführungsbeispiels erläutert. 'Es zeigt:The invention is explained on the basis of an exemplary embodiment shown in the drawing. 'It shows:
Fig.l ein Blockschaltbild einer Vorrichtung zum Schweißen einer erfindungsgemäßen Anordnung, Fig.2 einen Querschnitt zweier spezieller Werkstücke imFig.l is a block diagram of a device for welding an arrangement according to the invention, Fig.2 shows a cross section of two special workpieces in
Bereich einer Fügestelle, und Fig.3 eine Aufsicht auf ein Werkstück der Fig.2.Area of a joint, and FIG. 3 is a plan view of a workpiece from FIG. 2.
Beste Wege zur Ausführung der ErfindungBest ways to carry out the invention
In Fig.l ist eine Werkstückanordnung 1 dargestellt, die aus zwei Werkstücken 2,3 besteht, die mit Hilfe eines Lasers 4 gefügt werden. Der vom Lasser 4 erzeugte Laserstrahl 5 wird von einer Laseroptik 6 fokussiert und auf die Fügestelle 20 ge¬ lenkt. Diese erhält bedarfsweise einen Zusatzwerkstoff 8 zuge¬ führt, nämlich durch ein Führungselement 9, das beispielsweise als Röhrchen ausgebildet ist und den Zusatzwerkstoff in Gestalt eines Schweißdrahtes an die gewünschte Schweißstelle mechanisch zuleitet. Die Förderung des Zusatzwerkstoffs erfolgt mit einer Fördereinrichtung 10 und die Zufuhrgeschwindigkeit wird mit einer Meßvorrichtung 11 gemessen und mit_einem Regler"12 signa¬ lisiert. Dieser regelt die Fördergeschwindigkeit des Zusatz¬ werkstoffs durch Einflußnahme auf die Fördereinrichtung 10 ent¬ sprechend weiterer Betriebsparameter. Ein solcher Betriebspara¬ meter wird von der Strahldiagnostik 13 geliefert, welche die Qualität des Laserstrahls 5 feststellt, insbesondere dessen In¬ tensität, und demgemäß den Regler 12 beaufschlagt. Weiterer Be- triebsparameter ist die Geschwindigkeit der Werkstücke 2,3 re¬ lativ zum Laserstrahl 5, welche durch die Meß- und Steuerein¬ richtung 14 erfaßt und vom Regler 12 beeinflußt wird. Die Meßeinrichtungen 15,16 und 17 erfassen Betriebsparameter, die sich aus der Überwachung der Fügestelle 7 ergeben, und zwar akustisch (Meßeinrichtung 15) , optisch (Meßeinrichtung 16) , wo¬ bei beispielsweise eine Temperaturüberwachung der Fügestelle 20 erfolgt oder eine spektroskopische .Plasmaüberwachung, und eben¬ falls optisch (Meßeinrichtung 17) , wobei beispielsweise zur Er¬ mittlung der Naht- bzw. Spaltgeometrie, insbesondere der Spalt¬ weite oder eines Nahteinfalls im Bereich der Schweißstelle ein Schnittlinienverfahren zur Anwendung kommt. Der demgemäß beauf¬ schlagte Regler 12 sorgt automatisch für die Beaufschlagung des Lasers 4 bzw. der Laseroptik 6, so daß das Schweiß erfahren vollständig prozeßkontrolliert stattfindet.In Fig.l a workpiece assembly 1 is shown, which consists of two workpieces 2, 3, which are joined with the aid of a laser 4. The laser beam 5 generated by the laser 4 is focused by laser optics 6 and directed onto the joint 20. If necessary, the latter receives an additional material 8, namely through a guide element 9, which is designed, for example, as a tube and mechanically feeds the additional material in the form of a welding wire to the desired welding point. The promotion of the filler material is carried with a conveyor 10 and the feed rate is measured with a measuring device 11 and mit_einem controller "12 signa¬ lisiert. This controls the conveying speed of the Zusatz¬ material by influencing the conveying device 10 correspondingly further operating parameters. Such operation Para The meter is supplied by the beam diagnostics 13, which determines the quality of the laser beam 5, in particular its intensity, and accordingly acts on the controller 12. The drive parameter is the speed of the workpieces 2, 3 relative to the laser beam 5, which is detected by the measuring and control device 14 and is influenced by the controller 12. The measuring devices 15, 16 and 17 record operating parameters that result from the monitoring of the joint 7, namely acoustically (measuring device 15), optically (measuring device 16), whereby for example temperature monitoring of the joint 20 takes place or spectroscopic plasma monitoring. and also optically (measuring device 17), a cutting line method being used, for example, to determine the seam or gap geometry, in particular the gap width or a seam incidence in the area of the weld. The controller 12 which is accordingly acted upon automatically ensures that the laser 4 or the laser optics 6 are acted on, so that the welding takes place in a completely process-controlled manner.
Das Schweißen erfolgt vornehmlich als geregeltes Ein¬ schweißen dünner Werkstücke, insbesondere dünner Bleche, wie sie im Karosseriebau von Kraftfahrzeugen verwendet werden. Bei diesem Schweißen muß gegebenenfalls sichergestellt werden, daß die Schweißnaht auf der Außen- bzw. Unterseite des Karosserie¬ blechs nicht sichtbar ist. Trotzdem muß die Verbindung zuver¬ lässig sein und es soll mit möglichst hoher Geschwindigkeit ge¬ schweißt werden, um eine hohe Produktion zu erzielen. Infolge¬ dessen wird die Intensität der Laserstrahlung durch den Regler 12 in Abhängigkeit eines oder mehrerer Schweißstellenparameter geregelt, von denen mindestens einer aussagt, ob die Laser¬ strahlung Laserinduziertes Plasma in der Schweißstelle erzeugt. Das Vorhandensein von Plasma oder dessen Entstehung wird bei¬ spielsweise optisch ermittelt, da in diesem Fall Werkstoff der Werkstücke verdampft, was spektralanalytisch überwacht werden kann. Sobald also die Meßeinrichtung 16 für den zu ver¬ schweißenden Werkstoff charakteristische Spektrallinien ermit¬ telt, wird der Regler 12 entsprechend beaufschlagt und verän¬ dert die Laserintensität zum gegebenen Zeitpunkt. Die Durchführung mehrerer, auch hier anwendbarer Schwei߬ verfahren im Einzelnen ist in der Haupterfindung eingehend beschrieben und erläutert, worauf hiermit zur Vermeidung von Wiederholungen Bezug genommen wird. Das gilt für sämtliche dort erwähnten Verfahren und Vorrichtungen, soweit sie in Verbindung mit einer Rändelung als Formgebung durchgeführt werden können.The welding takes place primarily as controlled welding of thin workpieces, in particular thin sheets, as are used in the body construction of motor vehicles. During this welding, it may be necessary to ensure that the weld seam is not visible on the outside or underside of the body panel. Nevertheless, the connection must be reliable and it should be welded at the highest possible speed in order to achieve high production. As a result, the intensity of the laser radiation is regulated by the controller 12 as a function of one or more welding point parameters, at least one of which states whether the laser radiation generates laser-induced plasma in the welding point. The presence of plasma or its formation is determined optically, for example, since in this case the material of the workpieces evaporates, which can be monitored by spectral analysis. As soon as the measuring device 16 determines characteristic spectral lines for the material to be welded, the controller 12 is acted upon accordingly and changes the laser intensity at the given time. The implementation of several welding processes, which can also be used here, is described and explained in detail in the main invention, to which reference is hereby made to avoid repetitions. This applies to all the methods and devices mentioned there, insofar as they can be carried out in connection with knurling as a shape.
In den Fig.2,3 wird die Rändelung der Werkstücke 2,3 näher beschrieben. Die beiden Werkstücke 2,3 sind Bleche mit der ver¬ gleichsweise geringen Stärke s. Sie liegen abstandslos dicht aneinander. Ihre Ausgestaltung rechts und links der Schwei߬ stelle 20 bzw. der Schweißnaht 50 ist hier ohne Belang.The knurling of the workpieces 2, 3 is described in more detail in FIGS. The two workpieces 2, 3 are sheets with the comparatively small thickness s. They lie close together without a gap. Their configuration on the right and left of the welding point 20 or the welding seam 50 is irrelevant here.
Die Verschweißung erfolgt mit einem Laserstrahl 5, der die Schweißnaht 50 mit der Schweißnahtbreite b erzeugt. Hierzu wird er beispielsweise quer zur relativen Vorschubrichtung der Werk¬ stücke 2,3 oszillierend bewegt, so daß sich die dargestellte, schwach V-förmige Schweißnaht 50 ausbildet, mit der die Werk¬ stücke 2,3 über deren gesamte Dicke 2s verbunden werden.The welding is carried out with a laser beam 5, which generates the weld seam 50 with the weld seam width b. For this purpose, it is moved, for example, oscillating transversely to the relative feed direction of workpieces 2, 3, so that the weakly V-shaped weld seam 50 shown is formed, with which workpieces 2, 3 are connected over their entire thickness 2s.
Es ist eine Rändelung 46 vorhanden, die aus einer Vielzahl von Sicken 51 besteht. Diese Sicke 51 ist im unteren Werkstück 3 vorhanden, kann jedoch auch im oberen Werkstück 2 als Sicke 51' vorhanden sein, wie gestrichelt angedeutet wurde.There is a knurling 46, which consists of a plurality of beads 51. This bead 51 is present in the lower workpiece 3, but can also be present in the upper workpiece 2 as a bead 51 ', as indicated by dashed lines.
Jede Sicke 51 hat eine Länge, die der Rändelbreite br ent¬ spricht und weist eine Tiefe auf, die gleich der Rändeltiefe tr ist. Aus der Zeichnung ergibt sich, daß die Rändelbreite br etwa doppelt so groß ist, wie die Sehweißnahtbreit§ b.Each bead 51 has a length which corresponds to the knurling width br and has a depth which is equal to the knurling depth tr. It can be seen from the drawing that the knurled width br is approximately twice as large as the Sehweißnahtbreit§ b.
Durch die Sicke 51 bzw. durch die Rändelung 46 wird Ab¬ stand a zwischen benachbarten Werkstückflächen geschaffen, und zwar zwischen der den Sickenboden bildenden Werkstückfläche 45 des Werkstücks 3 und der Werkstückfläche 44 des Werkstücks 2. Sofern sich gegenüber der Sicke 51 die gestrichelt dargestellte Sicke 51' befindet, wird der Abstand zwischen den Werkstück¬ flächen und damit auch das zwischen den beiden befindliche Vo¬ lumen vergrößert, nämlich verdoppelt. Aus Fig.3 ist ersichtlich, daß die Rändelung 46 aus einer Vielzahl von in Schweißrichtung 52 angeordneten Sicken 51 be¬ steht, die zwischen sich Bereiche 52 aufweisen, in denen die Werkstücke 2,3 abstandslos dicht benachbart angeordnet sind. Die Rändelung ist infolgedessen relativ zur Schweißstelle 20 eine periodische Störung nicht allzu großer Amplitude zur Ver¬ meidung prozeßbedingter periodischer Resonanzerscheinungen im Schmelzebad. Hierzu wird die Rändelung 46 den jeweiligen Anfor¬ derungen entsprechend'"ausgebildet, also beispielsweise als Querrändelung 47, als Schrägrändelung 48 oder als Kreuzrände- lung 49. Auch Kombinationen dieser Rändelungsarten sind je nach Schweißverfahren einsetzbar.The bead 51 or the knurling 46 creates a distance a between adjacent workpiece surfaces, specifically between the workpiece surface 45 of the workpiece 3 forming the bead bottom and the workpiece surface 44 of the workpiece 2. Provided that the bead 51 shown in broken lines is opposite the bead 51 51 is', the distance between the surfaces and Werkstück¬ is enlarged so that the lumen also Vo ¬ located between the two, namely doubled. It can be seen from FIG. 3 that the knurling 46 consists of a plurality of beads 51 arranged in the welding direction 52, which have areas 52 between them in which the workpieces 2, 3 are arranged closely spaced apart. The knurling is consequently a periodic disturbance, relative to the welding point 20, of not too great an amplitude in order to avoid process-related periodic resonance phenomena in the melt bath. For this purpose, the knurl 46 the respective Anfor¬ changes accordingly ' "formed, ie, for example, as Querrändelung 47, as Schrägrändelung 48 or as Kreuzrände- lung 49. Combinations of these Rändelungsarten are usable depending on the welding method.
Gewerbliche VerwertbαrkeitCommercial recyclability
Die Erfindung dient zum Schweißen von zwei flach aufeinander lieg enden Blechen mit Laserstrahlung. The invention is used for welding two sheets lying flat on top of one another with laser radiation.

Claims

Ansprüche: Expectations:
1. Anordnung zum Schweißen von beschichteten Werkstücken, insbesondere verzinkten Blechen, im Überlappstoß mittels Laserstrahlung, mit einer im Bereich der Schweißnaht gele¬ genen Formgebung mindestens eines Werkstücks, die Abstand zwischen benachbarten Werkstückflächen schafft, nach Pa- tent .... (Patentanmeldung P 38 20 848.2), d a d r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, daß eine Rändelung (46) als Formgebung vorhanden ist .1. Arrangement for welding coated workpieces, in particular galvanized sheets, in an overlap joint by means of laser radiation, with a shape in the area of the weld seam of at least one workpiece, which creates space between adjacent workpiece surfaces, according to patent .... (patent application P 38 20 848.2), characterized by the fact that knurling (46) is available as a shape.
2. Anordnung nach Anspruch 1, mit beidseitig der Schweißnaht aneinander liegenden Werkstückflächen, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, daß die Rändelbreite (br) etwa doppelt so groß ist, wie .die Schweißnahtbreite (b) .2. Arrangement according to claim 1, with workpiece surfaces lying on both sides of the weld seam, so that the knurled width (br) is approximately twice as large as the weld seam width (b).
3. Anordnung nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, d a d u r c h g e ¬ k e n n z e i c h n e t, daß die Rändelung (46) mittels spanabhebender, Kaltpreß- oder Kaltwalz- oder Prägeverfah¬ ren hergestellt ist.3. Arrangement according to claim 1 or 2, so that the knurling (46) is produced by means of machining, cold pressing or cold rolling or embossing processes.
4. Anordnung nach einem-oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c n e t, daß die Rändelung (46) als Quer- (47) und/oder Schräg- (48) und/oder Kreuzrändelung (49) ausgebildet ist. 4. Arrangement according to one or more of claims 1 to 3, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c n e t that the knurling (46) is designed as a transverse (47) and / or oblique (48) and / or cross knurling (49).
PCT/DE1990/000239 1989-03-22 1990-03-22 Arrangement for welding coated workpieces using a laser beam WO1990011161A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3909471A DE3909471C2 (en) 1988-06-21 1989-03-22 Lap joint for welding coated workpieces using laser radiation
DEP3909471.5 1989-03-22

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Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1995023670A1 (en) * 1994-03-04 1995-09-08 Thyssen Laser-Technik Gmbh Process for preparing the seam regions of coated workpieces for laser beam welding and lap joint for welding coated workpieces
US5454480A (en) * 1993-10-21 1995-10-03 Morris Holmes & Co. Flangeless fuel tank
FR2731373A1 (en) * 1995-03-09 1996-09-13 Peugeot Method for welding plates by laser beam for motor vehicle mfr.
WO2005014215A3 (en) * 2003-08-12 2005-05-12 Magna Int Inc Method of laser welding coated members
WO2011042292A1 (en) * 2009-10-06 2011-04-14 Scansonic Mi Gmbh Joining device for non-positive joining by means of a filler material using sensors

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DE1186960B (en) * 1956-10-06 1965-02-11 Gruss Blechwaren Method and device for welding thin sheet metal
JPS6127189A (en) * 1984-07-17 1986-02-06 Mitsubishi Electric Corp Laser welding method
FR2600923A1 (en) * 1986-07-02 1988-01-08 Steelweld France Method for overlap welding clad steels by means of an energy beam

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1186960B (en) * 1956-10-06 1965-02-11 Gruss Blechwaren Method and device for welding thin sheet metal
JPS6127189A (en) * 1984-07-17 1986-02-06 Mitsubishi Electric Corp Laser welding method
FR2600923A1 (en) * 1986-07-02 1988-01-08 Steelweld France Method for overlap welding clad steels by means of an energy beam

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Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5454480A (en) * 1993-10-21 1995-10-03 Morris Holmes & Co. Flangeless fuel tank
US5626776A (en) * 1993-10-21 1997-05-06 Morris Holmes & Co. Flangeless fuel tank
WO1995023670A1 (en) * 1994-03-04 1995-09-08 Thyssen Laser-Technik Gmbh Process for preparing the seam regions of coated workpieces for laser beam welding and lap joint for welding coated workpieces
FR2731373A1 (en) * 1995-03-09 1996-09-13 Peugeot Method for welding plates by laser beam for motor vehicle mfr.
WO2005014215A3 (en) * 2003-08-12 2005-05-12 Magna Int Inc Method of laser welding coated members
WO2011042292A1 (en) * 2009-10-06 2011-04-14 Scansonic Mi Gmbh Joining device for non-positive joining by means of a filler material using sensors
CN102648070A (en) * 2009-10-06 2012-08-22 扫描音速Mi有限责任公司 Joining device for non-positive joining by means of a filler material using sensors

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