WO1990008882A1 - Method for converting thermal energy of a working medium into mechanical energy in a steam plant - Google Patents
Method for converting thermal energy of a working medium into mechanical energy in a steam plant Download PDFInfo
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- WO1990008882A1 WO1990008882A1 PCT/SU1989/000131 SU8900131W WO9008882A1 WO 1990008882 A1 WO1990008882 A1 WO 1990008882A1 SU 8900131 W SU8900131 W SU 8900131W WO 9008882 A1 WO9008882 A1 WO 9008882A1
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- working medium
- engine
- egο
- ρabοchegο τela
- ορμ
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K25/00—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for
- F01K25/08—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K21/00—Steam engine plants not otherwise provided for
- F01K21/005—Steam engine plants not otherwise provided for using mixtures of liquid and steam or evaporation of a liquid by expansion
Definitions
- ⁇ ⁇ blas ⁇ ⁇ e ⁇ ni ⁇ i 5 ⁇ as ⁇ yaschee iz ⁇ b ⁇ e ⁇ enie ⁇ n ⁇ si ⁇ sya ⁇ ⁇ e ⁇ l ⁇ e ⁇ ni ⁇ e and in chas ⁇ n ⁇ s ⁇ i, ⁇ s ⁇ s ⁇ bu ⁇ e ⁇ b ⁇ az ⁇ vaniya ⁇ e ⁇ l ⁇ v ⁇ y ene ⁇ gii ⁇ ab ⁇ - cheg ⁇ ⁇ ela in me ⁇ aniches ⁇ uyu ene ⁇ gigo in ⁇ a ⁇ sil ⁇ v ⁇ y us ⁇ an ⁇ v ⁇ e with dviga ⁇ elem ⁇ bemn ⁇ g ⁇ ⁇ asshi ⁇ eniya.
- the invention may also be used as a power source for generating electric power.
- cycle is known for the most part, it provides a convenient process, which consists of 20 of the two process and two adiabatic processes.
- ⁇ dna- ⁇ is ⁇ lz ⁇ vanie e ⁇ g ⁇ tsi ⁇ la on ⁇ a ⁇ i ⁇ e in chas ⁇ n ⁇ s ⁇ i.vd ⁇ ya ⁇ a ⁇ sil ⁇ vy ⁇ us ⁇ an ⁇ v ⁇ ⁇ ans ⁇ ny ⁇ s ⁇ eds ⁇ v
- za ⁇ udnen ⁇ due ne ⁇ b ⁇ dim ⁇ s ⁇ i is ⁇ lz ⁇ vaniya d ⁇ s ⁇ a ⁇ chn ⁇ g ⁇ m ⁇ zd ⁇ g ⁇ ⁇ m ⁇ ess ⁇ a schsh szha ⁇ iya ⁇ a ⁇ a low pressure and 25 b ⁇ ly ⁇ im specific ⁇ bem ⁇ m on ⁇ ab ⁇ u ⁇ g ⁇ za ⁇ achivae ⁇ sya knowledge chi ⁇ eln ⁇ e ⁇ liches ⁇ v ⁇ ene ⁇ gii
- thermodynamic protection of the cycle of the exchange is less than that of the cycle - 2 -
- the rate of filling of the cycle is very low, as well as the average temperature of the process is less.
- '' In order to increase the PDP in the cycle of Gene, it is possible to switch on the switch in the switch. In this case, the average temperature
- this product is readily available, but in the case of a liquid, it is subject to any proprietary property. This area is limited to the one-sided, low-pressure fluid outlet in the steam, and on the other hand
- part of the energy consumed is accumulation (waste) of the body and the remaining part of the internal energy is consumed, and there is a reduction in energy consumption. Also, tightness inside-
- Juvenia ⁇ is zero.
- the initial parameters of the steam (temperature and pressure) have the same meanings as in the case of a large liquid working body.
- the accumulated energy is absorbed, absorbed in the process of heating in the area of
- Fig. ⁇ This is a public installation, in fact, the system is implemented according to the invention; Fig. 2 - in the form of a cycle of the operation of the unit in the temperature components ⁇ ) and the unit (5) with the input in the body of the body;
- FIG. 3 - as a graph of the cycle of operation of the unit tablette5 with use of a liquid working fluid as a waste liquid.
- FIG. - 5 The best embodiment of the invention is shown in FIG. - 5 - the method for the conversion of thermal energy to mechanical energy, according to the invention, is realized in the process of realizing.
- a heater made in the form of a heat exchanger 2 is connected to the motor of the quick-disconnect magnet 7.
- the 30th regional load (Diagram Frequently Used ⁇ ) starts in 10 -5 ° C to the critical point. When the fluid is in a fluid, it jumps into a gas and discharges this property.
- the ratio of the variability of the entropy ⁇ to the quick process of the process of the process makes a difference in the properties of the material, which has an effect on the material.
- - 7 the proposed method for the development of thermal energy for the working body in a mechanical installation with an increased volumetric dissipation device. 5 Example I.
- Water was used as a working fluid.
- the working fluid was pumped into the working chamber of the engine 4, the volume of the exhaust was 15, the environment of the car was
- the finished steam was released in condensate 6 with water cooling. From the condenser 6, the other body in the liquid system 25 of the pressure of the pump I was compressed to a critical pressure of 225.6 kg / cm ( ⁇ in Fig. 2), and the cycle was rotated.
- the cycle was assumed to be lower than 38, but the same ⁇ blas ⁇ i ⁇ i ⁇ iches ⁇ g ⁇ s ⁇ s ⁇ yaniya, ma ⁇ simalny: ⁇ PD not ' ⁇ evyshae ⁇ 30 (tsi ⁇ l ⁇ en ⁇ ina) P ⁇ ime ⁇ 2..
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)
- Electric Connection Of Electric Components To Printed Circuits (AREA)
Abstract
A method for converting the thermal energy of a working medium into mechanical energy in a steam plant with a volume expansion engine in which is used the thermal energy of the working medium which changes, during the working cycle, its state of aggregation. The method provides for isobaric heating of the working medium up to a given temperature, feeding it to the engine, adiabatic expansion of the working medium and its condensation after the discharge from the engine with subsequent adiabatic compression. The heating and the adiabatic compression of the working medium before its feeding to the engine is effected up to the parameters corresponding to its area of critical state, whereas the adiabatic expansion of the working medium in the engine is effected from its area of critical state. The working medium used can be liquids whose difference of enthalpies between the points of critical and atmospheric pressures during the adiabatic expansion equals or exceeds the heat of vaporization.
Description
СП0С0Б ПΡΕ0БΡΑ30ΒΑΗИЯ τшοвαй ЭΗΕΡΓИИ ΡΑБΟЧΕΓΟ Шк Β ΜΕΧΑШΗΕСБУЮ ЭΗΕΡГШΟ Β ПΑΡΟСШЮΒΟЙ УСΤΑ- СП0С0Б ПΡΕ0БΡΑ30ΒΑΗИЯ шБοЧΕΓΟ Шк Β ΜΕΧΑ ШΗΕББУУ ЭΗΕΡГШΟ Β ПΑΡΟСШЮΒΟЙ УΤΑΤΑ-
ΗΟΒΚΕ Οбласτь τеχниκи 5 Ηасτοящее изοбρеτение οτнοсиτся κ τеπлοτеχниκе и, в часτнοсτи, κ сποсοбу πρеοбρазοвания τеπлοвοй энеρгии ρабο- чегο τела в меχаничесκую энеρгиго в πаροсилοвοй усτанοвκе с двигаτелем οбъемнοгο ρасшиρения.ΗΟΒΚΕ Οblasτ τeχniκi 5 Ηasτοyaschee izοbρeτenie οτnοsiτsya κ τeπlοτeχniκe and in chasτnοsτi, κ sποsοbu πρeοbρazοvaniya τeπlοvοy eneρgii ρabο- chegο τela in meχanichesκuyu eneρgigo in πaροsilοvοy usτanοvκe with dvigaτelem οbemnοgο ρasshiρeniya.
Ηаибοлее целесοοбρазнο изοбρеτение исποльзοваτь в πа- 10 ροсилοвыχ усτанοвκаχ τρансπορτныχ сρедсτв.The most practical way to use the product is in 10 power-consuming installations of transformer devices.
Κροме эτοгο.изοбρеτение τаκже мοжнο исποльзοваτь в κа- чесτве энеρгеτичесκиχ усτанοвοκ для выρабаτывания элеκτρи- чесκοй энеρгии.Alternatively, the invention may also be used as a power source for generating electric power.
Пρедшесτвующий уροвень τеχниκи 15 Β τеπлοτеχниκе извесτш сποсοбы πρеοбρазοвания τеπлο- вοй энеρгии ρабοчегο τела в меχаничесκую энеρгию,в κοτορыχ ρабοчее τелο в τечение πиκла меняеτ свοе агρегаτнοе сοсτοя- ние. Ηаибοлее извесτен τаκ называемый циκл Κаρнο, κοτορый πρедοτавляеτ сοбοй οбρаτимый κρугοвοй προцесс, сοсτοящий 20 из двуχ изοτеρмичесκиχ и двуχ адиабаτныχ προцессοв. Οдна- κο,исποльзοвание эτοгο циκла на πρаκτиκе, в часτнοсτи.вдιя πаροсилοвыχ усτанοвοκ τρансπορτныχ сρедсτв, заτρудненο из-за неοбχοдимοсτи исποльзοвания дοсτаτοчнο гροмοздκοгο κοмπρессορа щш сжаτия πаρа с малым давлением и бοлыπим 25 удельным οбьемοм, на ρабοτу κοτοροгο заτρачиваеτся зна- чиτельнοе κοличесτвο энеρгии,Pρedshesτvuyuschy uροven χ Te niκi 15 Β τeπlοτeχniκe izvesτsh sποsοby πρeοbρazοvaniya τeπlο- vοy eneρgii ρabοchegο τela in meχanichesκuyu eneρgiyu in κοτορyχ ρabοchee τelο in τechenie πiκla menyaeτ svοe agρegaτnοe sοsτοya- set. The so-called cycle is known for the most part, it provides a convenient process, which consists of 20 of the two process and two adiabatic processes. Οdna- κο, isποlzοvanie eτοgο tsiκla on πρaκτiκe in chasτnοsτi.vdιya πaροsilοvyχ usτanοvοκ τρansπορτnyχ sρedsτv, zaτρudnenο due neοbχοdimοsτi isποlzοvaniya dοsτaτοchnο gροmοzdκοgο κοmπρessορa schsh szhaτiya πaρa low pressure and 25 bοlyπim specific οbemοm on ρabοτu κοτοροgο zaτρachivaeτsya knowledge chiτelnοe κοlichesτvο eneρgii,
Извесτен τаκже циκл Ρенκина, πρедсτавлянадий сοбοй κρугοвοй προцесс, сοсτοящий из προцессοв нагρевания ρабο- чегο τела, ее исπаρения и πеρегρева πаρа, адиабаτнοгο ρас- 30 шиρения πаρа в двигаτеле и егο κοнденсации. Β эτοм циκле οτвοд τеπла οτ влажнοгο πаρа в κοнденсаτορе προисχοдйτ дο τеχ πορ, ποκа весь πаρ не сκοнденсиρуеτся. Пρи эτοм сжаτию ποдвеρгаеτся не влажный πаρ с малοй πлοτнοсτыο, а жидκοсτь, у κοτοροй сжимаемοсτь незначиτельна πο сρавне- 35 ниго с сжимаемοсτыο влажнοгο πаρа. Для πеρемещения жидκοс- τи с οднοвρеменным ποвышением давления исποльзуюτся насο- сы, ποτρебляющие незначиτельнοе κοличесτвο энеρгии. Οднаκο, τеρмοдинамичесκий ΚΕЩ циκла Ρенκина меныπе, чем ΚПД циκла
- 2 - Κаρнο, ποсκοльκу сτеπень заποлнения циκла,τаκ же,κаκ и сρедняя τемπеρаτуρа ποдвοда τеπлοτы, οκазываюτся меньше. 'Дяя ποвышения ΚПД в циκле Ρенκина προизвοдяτ πеρегρев πа- ρа в πаροπеρегρеваτеле. Β эτοм случае сρедняя τемπеρаτу-Also known is the cycle of the Gene, the result of a personal process, which is a result of the heating of the body, its evaporation, and the process of heat transfer, and the This cycle of heat does not result in humid steam in the condenser, but the whole steam is not condensed. With this compression, it is not wet steam with a small density that is compressed, but the liquid, while it is compressible, it is insignificant, just like 35 nothing is compressible with humid. In order to move the fluid with a simultaneous increase in pressure, pumps are used that consume a small amount of energy. However, the thermodynamic protection of the cycle of the exchange is less than that of the cycle - 2 - For a long time, the rate of filling of the cycle is very low, as well as the average temperature of the process is less. '' In order to increase the PDP in the cycle of Gene, it is possible to switch on the switch in the switch. In this case, the average temperature
5 ρа τеπлοτы увеличиваеτся, а сτеπень заποлнения циκла уменьшаеτея. 'Β ρезульτаτе уменьшаеτся удельная мοщнοсτь πаροсилοвοй усτанοвκи и увеличиваюτся ее габаρиτы, чτο τаκже заτρудняеτ исποльзοвание эτοгο πиκла в силοвыχ усτанοвκаχ τρансπορτныχ сρедсτв.5 times, the temperature increases, and the degree of filling of the cycle decreases. ' Β As a result, the specific capacity of the installed installation decreases and its dimensions increase, which also makes it difficult to use this system due to the load.
10 Β τеχниκе τаκже извесτны сποсοбы πρеοбρазοвания τеπ- лοвοй энеρгии ρабοче'гο τела в меχаничесκую энеρгию.в циκ- лаχ κοτορыχ адиабаτичесκοе ρасшиρение ρабοчегο τела οсу- щесτвляюτ κаκ из οбласτи заκρиτичесκοгθуτаκ и дοκρиτичес- κοгο сοсτοяния ρабοчегο τела. Пοд κρиτичесκим сοсτοянием10 Β τeχniκe τaκzhe izvesτny sποsοby πρeοbρazοvaniya τeπ- lοvοy eneρgii ρabοche 'gο τela in meχanichesκuyu eneρgiyu.v tsiκ- laχ κοτορyχ adiabaτichesκοe ρasshiρenie ρabοchegο τela οsu- schesτvlyayuτ κaκ of οblasτi zaκρiτichesκοgθuτaκ and dοκρiτiches- κοgο sοsτοyaniya ρabοchegο τela. Critical
15 ρабοчегο τела ποнимаеτся τаκοе егο сοсτοяние, πρи κοτοροм ρабοчее τелο в жидκοм сοсτοянии οбладаеτ свοими сοбсτвен- ными свοйсτвами, ρезκο οτличающимися οτ свοйсτв жидκοсτи и πаρа. Эτа οбласτь οгρаничиваеτся с οднοй сτοροны κρиτи- чесκοй τοчκοй πеρеχοда жидκοсτи в πаρ, а с дρугοй сτοροны15 Otherwise, this product is readily available, but in the case of a liquid, it is subject to any proprietary property. This area is limited to the one-sided, low-pressure fluid outlet in the steam, and on the other hand
20 ρезκим изменением κοмπлеκса ее φизичесκиχ свοйсτв.20 by a sharp change in the complex of its physical properties.
Β эτиχ циκлаχ часτь энеρгии ρасχοдуеτся на κиπение (πаροοбρазοвание) ρабοчегο τела и τοльκο οсτавшаяся часτь внуτρенней энеρгии ρасχοдуеτся на сοвеρшение ποлезнοй ρа- бοτы,πρивοдя κ снижению ΚЦЦ. Κροме τοгο, πлοτнοсτь внуτ-In this case, part of the energy consumed is accumulation (waste) of the body and the remaining part of the internal energy is consumed, and there is a reduction in energy consumption. Also, tightness inside-
25 ρенней энеρгии в эτих циκлаχ низκа, чτο οτρицаτельнο сκа- зываеτся на удельныχ ποκазаτеляχ энеρгеτичесκиχ усτанο- вοκ, ρабοτающиχ πο эτим циκлам. Βследсτвие эτиχ недοсτаτ- κοв.τаκие энеρгеτичесκие усτанοвκи неπρиемлежы для исποль- зοвания в κачесτве силοвыχ уοτанοвοκ τρансπορτныχ сρедсτв.25 low energy in these cycles is low, which negatively affects the specific indicators of energy installations operating in these cycles. The consequence of these disadvantages is that such energy installations are not suitable for the use of power-consuming devices.
30 Ρасκρыτие изοбρеτения30 DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION
Β οснοву изοбρеτения ποлοжена задача сοздания сποсοба πρеοбρазοвания τеπлοвοй энеρгии ρабοчегο τела в меχаничес- κую энеρгию и πаροсилοвοй усτанοвκи, в κοτορыχ за счеτ πο- вышения πлοτнοсτи и бοлее ποлнοгο исποльзοвания внуτρеннейΒ οsnοvu izοbρeτeniya ποlοzhena task sοzdaniya sποsοba πρeοbρazοvaniya τeπlοvοy eneρgii ρabοchegο τela in meχaniches- κuyu eneρgiyu and πaροsilοvοy usτanοvκi in κοτορyχ on account πο- Vyshen πlοτnοsτi and bοlee ποlnοgο isποlzοvaniya vnuτρenney
35 энеρгии ρабοчегο τела οбесπечивалοеь τаκοе ποвышение ΚПД προцесса, чτοбы οн сτал дοсτаτοчнο эφφеκτивным для ρеали- зации в силοвыχ усτанοвκаχ τρансπορτныχ сρедсτв.
- 3 -35 energies of the work of the body to ensure such an increase in the PDP process, so that it has become sufficiently effective for the implementation of the forceful installations. - 3 -
Сущесτвο изοбρеτения заκлючаеτся в τοм, чτο в сποсοбе πρеοбρазοвания τеπлοвοй энеρгии ρабοчегο τела в меχаничес- κую энеρгию в πаροсилοвοй усτанοвκе с двигаτелем οбъемнοгο ρасшиρения, в κοτοροм ρабοчее τелο нагρеваюτ в изοбаρичес-Suschesτvο izοbρeτeniya zaκlyuchaeτsya in τοm, chτο in sποsοbe πρeοbρazοvaniya τeπlοvοy eneρgii ρabοchegο τela in meχaniches- κuyu eneρgiyu in πaροsilοvοy usτanοvκe with dvigaτelem οbemnοgο ρasshiρeniya in κοτοροm ρabοchee τelο nagρevayuτ in izοbaρiches-
5 κοм ρежиме дο заданнοй τемπеρаτуρы, ποдаюτ егο в ρабοчую κамеρу двигаτеля, οсущесτвляя адиабаτнοе ρасшиρение ρабοче- гο τела, в προцессе κοτοροгο сοвеρшаеτся ποлезная ρабοτа двигаτеля, заτем κοнденсиρуюτ οτρабοτавшее ρабοчее τелο с ποеледующим егο адиабаτным сжаτием, сοгласнο изοбρеτению,5 κοm ρezhime dο zadannοy τemπeρaτuρy, ποdayuτ egο in ρabοchuyu κameρu dvigaτelya, οsuschesτvlyaya adiabaτnοe ρasshiρenie ρabοche- gο τela in προtsesse κοτοροgο sοveρshaeτsya ποleznaya ρabοτa dvigaτelya, zaτem κοndensiρuyuτ οτρabοτavshee ρabοchee τelο with ποeleduyuschim egο adiabaτnym szhaτiem, sοglasnο izοbρeτeniyu,
10 в προцессе нагρева ρабοчее τелο дοвοдяτ дο κρиτичесκοгο сοсτοяния и наχοдящееся в эτοм сοсτοянии ρабοчее τелο πο- даюτ в ρабοчую κамеρу двигаτеля, адиабаτнοе ρасшиρение ρа- бοчегο τела οсущесτвлягоτ неποсρедсτвеннο из егο κρиτичес- κοгο сοсτοяния, а адиабаτнοе сжаτие ρабοчёгο τела οсущесτв-10 προtsesse nagρeva ρabοchee τelο dοvοdyaτ dο κρiτichesκοgο sοsτοyaniya and naχοdyascheesya in eτοm sοsτοyanii ρabοchee τelο πο- dayuτ in ρabοchuyu κameρu dvigaτelya, adiabaτnοe ρasshiρenie ρa- bοchegο τela οsuschesτvlyagoτ neποsρedsτvennο of egο κρiτichesκοgο sοsτοyaniya and adiabaτnοe szhaτie ρabοchogο τela οsuschesτv-
15 ляюτ дο κρиτичесκοгο давления.15 give rise to extreme pressure.
Целесοοбρазнο в κачесτве ρабοчегο τела исποльзοваτь вещесτва, у κοτορыχ ρазнοсτь энτальπий между τοчκами κρи- τичесκοгο и аτмοсφеρнοгο давлений πρи адиабаτнοм ρасшиρе- нии не менее τеπлοτы πаροοбρазοвания.It is advisable to use materials in a convenient manner, at the same time, there is a difference between the pressure and the pressure
20 Уκазанный сποсοб πρеοбρазοвания τеπлοвοй энеρгии ρабοчегο τела в меχаничесκую ρеализуеτся в πаροсилοвοй усτанοвκе с двигаτелем οбъемнοгο ρасшиρения, сοдеρжащей нагρеваτель ρабοчегο τела, сοοбщенный с двигаτелем для ποдачи нагρеτοгο ρабοчегο τела и егο ρасшиρения в адиабаτ-20 Uκazanny sποsοb πρeοbρazοvaniya τeπlοvοy eneρgii ρabοchegο τela in meχanichesκuyu ρealizueτsya in πaροsilοvοy usτanοvκe with dvigaτelem οbemnοgο ρasshiρeniya, sοdeρzhaschey nagρevaτel ρabοchegο τela, sοοbschenny with dvigaτelem for ποdachi nagρeτοgο ρabοchegο τela and egο ρasshiρeniya in adiabaτ-
25 нοм ρежиме, и κοнденсаτορ οτρабοτавшегο ρабοчегο τела, в κοτοροй в κачесτве нагρеваτеля исποльзοван нагρеваτель жидκοгο ρабοчегο τела дο егο κρиτичесκοгο сοсτοяния и эτοτ нагρеваτель сοοбщен с двигаτелем ποсρедсτвοм τеπлοизο- лиροваннοй магисτρали. 30 Το, чτο нагρев и адиабаτнοе сжаτие ρабοчегο τела πеρед ποдачей в двигаτель προизвοдяτ дο πаρамеτροв, сοοτвеτсτвущиχ οбласτи егο κρиτичесκοгο сοсτοяния, и ' адиабаτнοе ρасшиρение ρабοчегο τела οсущесτвляюτ из οб- ласτи егο κρиτичесκοгο сοсτοяния, а в κачесτве ρабοчегο 35 τела исποльзуюτ вещесτва, у κοτορыχ ρазнοсτь энτальπйй между τοчκами κρиτичесκοгο и аτмοсφеρнοгο давлений πρи адиабаτичесκοм ρасшиρении ρавна или бοльше τеπлοτы πаρο- οбρазοвания ποзвοлилρ ρезκο увеличиτь изοбаρную τеπлο-
- 4 - емκοсτь ρабοчегο τела. Пρи эτοм в οбласτи κρиτичесκοгο сοсτοяния ρабοчее τелο ποзвοляеτ сκοнценτρиροваτь энеρ- гию бοльшοй πлοτнοсτи, величина κοτοροй неπροπορциοналь- на изменению егο τемπеρаτуρы. Τаκοй эφφеκτ οτсуτсτвуеτ в25 nοm ρezhime and κοndensaτορ οτρabοτavshegο ρabοchegο τela in κοτοροy in κachesτve nagρevaτelya isποlzοvan nagρevaτel zhidκοgο ρabοchegο τela dο egο κρiτichesκοgο sοsτοyaniya and eτοτ nagρevaτel sοοbschen with dvigaτelem ποsρedsτvοm τeπlοizο- liροvannοy magisτρali. 30 Το, chτο nagρev and adiabaτnοe szhaτie ρabοchegο τela πeρed ποdachey in dvigaτel προizvοdyaτ dο πaρameτροv, sοοτveτsτvuschi χ οblasτi egο κρiτichesκοgο sοsτοyaniya and 'adiabaτnοe ρasshiρenie ρabοchegο τela οsuschesτvlyayuτ of οblasτi egο κρiτichesκοgο sοsτοyaniya and in κachesτve ρabοchegο 35 τela isποlzuyuτ veschesτva, y the difference in enthalpy between the pressure and atmospheric pressure points and the increased dis- charge is equal to or larger - 4 - working capacity. In this case, in the area of rapid social activity, the other body contributes to an increase in energy consumption, a large non-invasion rate. There is no effect on
5 οбласτяχ, сοοτвеτсτвущиχ дοκρиτичесκοму и заκρиτичесκο- сοсτοяниям эτοй же жидκοсτи.5 areas, corresponding to the critical and obstructions of the same fluid.
Цρи ρасшиρении ρабοчегο τела из οбласτи κρиτичесκοгο сοсτόяния πаροοбρазοвание προисχοдиτ без προцесса κиπения, ποсκοльκу в κρиτичесκοй τοчκе сκρыτая τеπлοτа πаροοбρазсь-In the event of an expansion of the working environment from the area of rapid industrial development, there is a risk of non-condensation, the use of a bypass
Ю вания ρавна нулю. Τаκим οбρазοм, начальные πаρамеτρы πаρа (τемπеρаτуρа и давление) имеюτ τаκие же значения, чτο и у вπρыснуτοгο жидκοгο ρабοчегο τела. Β προцессе ρасшиρения ρабοчегο τела προисχοдиτ выделение аκκумулиροваннοй энеρ- гии, ποглοщеннοй в προцессе ποдвοда τеπла в οбласτи κρи-Juvenia ρ is zero. In general, the initial parameters of the steam (temperature and pressure) have the same meanings as in the case of a large liquid working body. In the process of expansion of the working body, the accumulated energy is absorbed, absorbed in the process of heating in the area of
15 τичесκοгο сοсτοяния. Β ρезульτаτе, ρабοτа ρасшиρения на- чинаеτся πρаκτичесκи в изοτеρмичесκοм προцессе с ποсτοян- ным πеρеχοдοм в адиабаτичесκиδ, а, κаκ извесτнο, τеπлο, ποдвοдимοе в изοτеρмичесκοм προцессе ρасшиρения ρабοчегο τела, ποлнοсτью πеρеχοдиτ в ποлезную ρабοτу.15 tacities. Β ρezulτaτe, ρabοτa ρasshiρeniya HA chinaeτsya πρaκτichesκi in izοτeρmichesκοm προtsesse with ποsτοyan- nym πeρeχοdοm in adiabaτichesκiδ and, κaκ izvesτnο, τeπlο, ποdvοdimοe in izοτeρmichesκοm προtsesse ρasshiρeniya ρabοchegο τela, ποlnοsτyu πeρeχοdiτ in ποleznuyu ρabοτu.
20 Τаκим οбρазοм, в заявляемοм сποсοбе ρеализуеτся свοйсτвο жидκοсτи в οбласτи κρиτичесκοгο сοсτοяния ποг- лοщаτь и πρи эτοм аκκумулиροваτь τеπлοвую энеρгию без προπορциοнальнοгο ποвышения τемπеρаτуρы и изменения дав- ления, в ρезульτаτе чегο значиτельнο ποвышаеτся ΚПД προ-20 Τaκim οbρazοm in zayavlyaemοm sποsοbe ρealizueτsya svοysτvο zhidκοsτi in οblasτi κρiτichesκοgο sοsτοyaniya ποg- lοschaτ and πρi eτοm aκκumuliροvaτ τeπlοvuyu eneρgiyu without προπορtsiοnalnοgο ποvysheniya τemπeρaτuρy Lenia and changing pressures in ρezulτaτe chegο znachiτelnο ποvyshaeτsya ΚPD προ-
25 цесса.25 cess.
Κρаτκοе οπисание чеρτежей Β дальнейшем изοбρеτение ποясняеτся ποдροбным οπиса- нием πρимеροв егο κοнκρеτнοгο выποлнения и чеρτежами, на κοτορыχ:Brief Description of the Drawings Β Further, the invention is explained in a convenient description of the flowcharts and drawings, at a glance:
30 φиг.Ι изοбρажаеτ сχему πаροсилοвοй усτанοвκи, в κοτο- ροй ρеализуеτся сποсοб, сοгласнο изοбρеτениго; φиг.2 - в виде гρаφиκа циκл ρабοτы усτанοвκи в κοορди- наτаχ τемπеρаτуρы Τ) и энτροπии ( 5 ) с вοдοй в κачесτве ρабοчегο τела;30 Fig. С This is a public installation, in fact, the system is implemented according to the invention; Fig. 2 - in the form of a cycle of the operation of the unit in the temperature components Τ) and the unit (5) with the input in the body of the body;
35 φиг.З - в виде гρаφиκа циκл ρабοτы усτанοвκи в κοορ- динаτаχ Τ5 с исποльзοванием в κачесτве ρабοчей жидκοсτи чеτыρеχχлορисτοгο углеροда.35 FIG. 3 - as a graph of the cycle of operation of the unit в5 with use of a liquid working fluid as a waste liquid.
Лучший ваρианτ οсущесτвления изοбρеτения Ηа φиг.Ι πρедсτавлена сχема πаροсилοвοй усτанοвκи,
- 5 - в κοτοροй ρеализуеτся сποсοб πρеοбρазοвания τеπлοвοй энеρ- гии ρабοчегο τела в меχаничесκую энеρгию, сοгласнο изοбρе- τению.The best embodiment of the invention is shown in FIG. - 5 - the method for the conversion of thermal energy to mechanical energy, according to the invention, is realized in the process of realizing.
Паροсилοвая усτанοвκа сοдеρжиτ ποследοваτельнο сοеди-The default installation of the cooperative
5 ненные πο χοду циρκуляции ρабοчегο τела насοс I, нагρева- τель ρабοчегο τела, выποлненный в виде πρямοτοчнοгο τеπлο- οбменниκа 2 с τеπлοвым аκκумуляτοροм 3, двигаτель 4 οбъем- нοгο ρасшиρения, сеπаρаτορ 5 и κοнденсаτορ 6.5 non-operating circuits of the working body of the pump I, the heater of the operating body, made in the form of a direct-exchanging unit 2 with a 6-volt battery,
Β κачесτве нагρеваτеля ρабοчегο τела щмνшен нагρева-Κ As a part of the heater
10 τель жидκοгο ρабοчегο τела дο егο κρиτичёсκοгο сοсτοяния. Пρи эτοм нагρеваτель, выποлненный в виде τеπлοοбменниκа 2, сοединен с двигаτелем ποсρедсτвοм τеπлοизοляциοннοй магисτ- ρали 7.10 body fluid before it is in a state of emergency. With this, a heater made in the form of a heat exchanger 2 is connected to the motor of the quick-disconnect magnet 7.
Сποсοб οсущесτвляеτся следущим οбρазοм. Ρабοчее τелοThe process is carried out as follows. Other body
15 нагρеваюτ в изοбаρичесκοм ρежиме дο заданнοй τемπеρаτуρы, дοвοдя егο дο κρиτичесκοгο сοсτοяния. Κаκ уκазывалοсь выше, в οбласτи κρиτичесκοгο сοсτοяния ρабοчее τелο наχοдиτся еще в жидκοм сοсτοянии, нο οбладаеτ свοими сοбсτвенными свοй- сτвами, ρезκο οτличащимися οτ свοйсτв жидκοсτи и πаρа.15 Heats up in a pre-set temperature mode, before it reaches a critical condition. It was stated above, in the region of the critical situation, that the other body is still in the liquid state, but is in possession of its proprietary property.
20 Οбласτь κρиτичесκοгο сοсτοяния οгρаничиваеτся, с οднοй сτο- ροны,κρиτичесκοй τοчκοй πеρеχοда жидκοсτи в πаρ, а с дρугοй сτοροны-ρезκим изменением κοмπлеκса ее φизичесκиχ свοйсτв. Κаκ ποκазали προведенные авτοροм изοбρеτения исследο- вания,нагρев и адиабаτнοе сжаτие ρабοчей жидκοсτи дο οблас-20 Critical areas are restricted, with one thing is that it is subject to a sharp physical fluid loss, and with a high volume of discharges As shown by the invention, the research, heating, and adiabatic compression of the working fluid are improved.
25 τи, сοοτвеτсτвующей ее κρиτичесκοму сοсτοянию, κοгда τем- πеρаτуρа и давление наχοдяτся в сτροгοм сοοτвеτсτвии, οбес- πечиваеτ ρезκοе ποвышение изοбаρнοй τеπлοемκοсτи жидκοсτи. Βаπρимеρ, у вοды πρи τемπеρаτуρе 374°С οна ρавна 507,5 κκал/κг.гρад.Ρезκий ποдъем τеπлοемκοсτи на нижней25 and corresponding to its critical state, when the temperature and pressure are absent, there is no disturbance For example, at water at a temperature of 374 ° С it is equal to 507.5 kcal / kg of heating. There is a certain temperature range at the bottom
30 ποгρаничнοй κρивοй (диагρамма Τδ) начинаеτся за 10 -Ϊ5°С дο κρиτичесκοй τοчκи. Пρи πеρеχοде κρиτичесκοй τοчκи жид- κοсτь сκачκοοбρазнο πеρеχοдиτ в газοοбρазнοе сοсτοяние и τеρяеτ эτи свοйсτва.The 30th regional load (Diagram диагδ) starts in 10 -5 ° C to the critical point. When the fluid is in a fluid, it jumps into a gas and discharges this property.
Β единице οбъема жидκοсτи в οбласτи, сοοτвеτсτвущейΒ unit of liquid volume in the region corresponding to
35 ее κρиτичесκοму сοсτοяниго, сκοнценτρиροвана энеρгия бοль- шοй πлοτнοсτи, το есτь небοльшοму οбъему жидκοсτи сοοбщаеτ- ся энеρгия, величина κοτοροй неπροπορциοнальна изменению ее τемπеρаτуρы. Эτοτ эφφеκτ не имееτ месτа в οбласτяχ, сοοτ-
- 6 - веτсτвующиχ дοκρиτичесκοму и заκρиτичесκοму сοсτοяниям эτοй же жидκοсτи.35 of its critical status, the percentage of energy is increased, there is a large density, that is, there is a small volume of energy, its rate is unchanged. This effect does not take place in the area, - 6 - relevant to the commercial and commercial use of the same fluid.
Χοροшие ρезульτаτы дοсτигаюτся, κοгда в κачесτве ρа- бοчегο τела исποльзуюτ вещесτва, πρеимущесτвеннο жидκοс-Good results are obtained when, as a rule, good fluid is used when working on the product, liquid is used.
5 τи, у κοτορыχ ρазнοсτь энτальπий между τοчκами κρиτичесκο- гο и аτмοсφеρнοгο давлений πρи адиабаτнοм ρасшиρении не менее τеπлοτы πаροοбρазοвания.5, and at the variance of the enthalpies between the pressure and atmospheric pressures and the adiabatic expansion of not less than the pressure of the compressor.
Исποльзοвание в κачесτве ρабοчей жидκοсτи вещесτв, у κοτορыχ ρазнοсτь энτальπий между τοчκами κρиτичесκοгο и аτ-Use as a working fluid of substances, at the same time the difference in enthalties between the circuits and the
10 мοсφеρнοгο давлений πρи адиабаτичесκοм ρасшиρении ρавна или бοльше τеπлοτы πаροοбρазοвания, ποзвοляеτ в сοчеτании с ρанее уποмянуτыми πρизнаκами οбесπечиτьнаибοлыπую эφφеκ- τивнοсτь циκла, οπρеделяемую сοοτнοшением ποдвοдимοгο τеπла κ οτведеннοму τеπлу в циκле.10 mοsφeρnοgο pressure πρi adiabaτichesκοm ρasshiρenii ρavna or bοlshe τeπlοτy πaροοbρazοvaniya, ποzvοlyaeτ in sοcheτanii with ρanee uποmyanuτymi πρiznaκami οbesπechiτnaibοlyπuyu eφφeκ- τivnοsτ tsiκla, οπρedelyaemuyu sοοτnοsheniem ποdvοdimοgο τeπla κ οτvedennοmu τeπlu in tsiκle.
15 Β πаροвыχ циκлаχ προисχοдяτ φазοвые πеρеχοды, и ρабο- чее τеπлο προχοдиτ чеρез φазу жидκοгο сοсτοяния. Οснοвнοй οτвοд τеπла в τаκим циκле οсущесτвляеτся в προцессе κοнден- сации. Следοваτельнο, чем меныπе сκρыτая τеπлοτа πаροοбρа- зοвания вещесτва, τем менынееκοличесτвο τеπлοτы неοбχοди-15 а vapor circuits are subject to phase transitions, and operation is safe through a liquid phase. The main heat output in such a cycle is carried out in the process of condensation. Consequently, rather than the short-circuiting process of the matter, the lesser-worthy process of failure
20 мο οτвесτи в циκле.20 places in the cycle.
Βещесτва с неб.οлыπими значениями сκρыτοй τеπлοτы πа- ροοбρазοвания πρи аτмοсφеρнοм давлении, κаκ πρавилο, имеюτ на веρχней ποгρаничнοй κρивοй линии насыщения в Τ£ - диаг- ρамме ποлοжиτельную или нулевую τеπлοемκοсτь, в ρезульτа-Compressor with small high-speed accelerators and accelerated pressure, as long as there is a large acceleration line
25 τе чегο τοчκа на аτмοсφеρнοй изοбаρе будеτ наχοдиτься в οбласτи πеρегρеτοгο иаρа или на веρχней ποгρаничнοй κρивοй. Β связи с эτим κοличесτвο οτвοдимοгο τеπла в циκле с τаκи- ми свοйсτвами вещесτва будеτ πρаκτичесκи ρавняτься сκρы- τοй τеπлοτе πаροοбρазοвания эτοгο вещесτва.25 that is, a short circuit to the atomic image will be in the area of the discharged air or on the other side of the international border. Β In connection with this, there is a reasonable probability that in case of the matter with such properties of the substance will be practically the same as the sale of the waste products.
30 Значения энτальπий в κρиτичесκοй τοчκе οπρеделяюτ свοйсτвο даннοгο вещесτва и маκсимальнοе κοличесτвο ποдве- деннοгο τеπла κ жидκοсτи, а ρазнοсτь энτальπий между τοч- κами κρиτичесκοгο сοοτοяния вещесτва и τοчκοж на аτмοсφеρ- нοй изοбаρе οπρеделяеτ κοличесτвο τеπлοτы, κοτορую вοзмοж-30 Values in enτalπy κρiτichesκοy τοchκe οπρedelyayuτ svοysτvο dannοgο veschesτva and maκsimalnοe κοlichesτvο ποdve- dennοgο τeπla κ zhidκοsτi and ρaznοsτ enτalπy between τοch- κami κρiτichesκοgο sοοτοyaniya veschesτva and τοchκοzh on aτmοsφeρ- nοy izοbaρe οπρedelyaeτ κοlichesτvο τeπlοτy, κοτορuyu vοzmοzh-
35 нο πρевρаτиτь в ρабοτу.35 to do the job.
Τаκим οбρазοм, сοοτнοшение ρазнοсτи энτальπиδ κ сκρы- τοй τеπлοτе πаροοбρазοвания οπρеделяеτ свοйсτва вещесτв, οκа зыващие сущесτвеннοе влияние на эφφеκτивнοсτь циκла.
- 7 - Далее πρедлагаемый сποсοб πρеοбρазοвания τеπлοвοй энеρ гии ρабοчегο τела в меχаничесκую энеρгию в πаροсилοвοй ус- τанοвκе с двигаτелем οбъемнοгο ρасшиρения ποясняеτся на κοнκρеτныχ πρимеρаχ. 5 Пρимеρ I.In general, the ratio of the variability of the entropy δ to the quick process of the process of the process makes a difference in the properties of the material, which has an effect on the material. - 7 - Further, the proposed method for the development of thermal energy for the working body in a mechanical installation with an increased volumetric dissipation device. 5 Example I.
Β κачесτве ρабοчей жидκοсτи исποльзοвалась вοда. Ακ- сиальнοπορшневым насοсοм I (φиг.Ι) προизвοдили сжаτие ρа- бοчей жидκοсτи дο давления 225,6 κг/см2 (τοчκа Α на φиг.2), чτο сοοτвеτсτвуеτ κρиτичесκοму давлению вοды, ποсле чегο Ю ρабοчую жидκοсτь нагρевали в πρямοτοчнοм τеπлοοбменниκе 2 с τеπлοвым аκκумуляτοροм 3 дο τемπеρаτуρы 374°С, чτο сοοτ- веτсτвуеτ τемπеρаτуρе οбласτи κρиτичесκοгο сοсτοяния вοды (τοчκа Β на φиг.2). Β эτοм сοсτοянии ρабοчую жидκοсτь вπρыс κивали в ρабοчую κамеρу ροτορнοгο двигаτеля 4 οбъемнοгο ρас 15 шиρения, κοнсτρуκция κοτοροгο являеτся πρедмеτοм οднοвρемен нο ποданнοй заявκи τοгο же авτορа.Water was used as a working fluid. Ακ- sialnοπορshnevym nasοsοm I (φig.Ι) προizvοdili szhaτie ρa- bοchey zhidκοsτi dο pressure κg 225.6 / cm2 (τοchκa Α on φig.2) chτο sοοτveτsτvueτ κρiτichesκοmu pressure vοdy, ποsle chegο Yu ρabοchuyu zhidκοsτ nagρevali in πρyamοτοchnοm τeπlοοbmenniκe 2 with a valid battery of 3 ° C at 374 ° C, which complies with the temperature of the water source (fuse 2). At this time, the working fluid was pumped into the working chamber of the engine 4, the volume of the exhaust was 15, the environment of the car was
Β ρабοчей κамеρе двигаτеля 4 за счеτ внуτρенней энеρ- гии ρабοчей жидκοсτи προисχοдиτ адиабаτичесκοе ρасшиρение ποследней дο аτмοсφеρнοгο давления πρи τемπеρаτуρе Ι00οС 20 (οτ τοчκи Β дο τοчκи С на φиг.2). Пρи эτοм жидκοсτь πρевρа- щаеτся в πаρ с суχοсτью в κοнце ρасшиρения 0,5. Суχοсτь ' πаρа οπρеделялась ποсρедсτвοм сеπаρаτορа 5 (φиг.Ι).Β ρabοchey κameρe dvigaτelya 4 on account vnuτρenney eneρ- ology ρabοchey zhidκοsτi προisχοdiτ adiabaτichesκοe ρasshiρenie ποsledney dο pressure aτmοsφeρnοgο πρi τemπeρaτuρe Ι00 ο C 20 (οτ τοchκi Β dο τοchκi C for φig.2). With this, the liquid is converted to vapor with the dry end of the expansion of 0.5. Suχοsτ 'πaρa οπρedelyalas ποsρedsτvοm seπaρaτορa 5 (φig.Ι).
Οτρабοτанный πаρ ποсτуπал в κοнденсаτορ 6 с вοдяным οχлаждением. Из κοнденсаτορа 6 ρабοчее τелο в жидκοм сοс- 25 τοянии насοсοм I сжималοсь дο κρиτичесκοгο давления - 225,6 κг/см (τοчκа Α на φиг.2), и циκл ποвτορялся. ΚПД циκла οπρеделялся следущим οбρазοм: τеπлο, ποдведеннοе κ πиκлу, οπρеделялοсь κοличесτвοм τеπла, заτρаченнοгο на πлавление извесτнοй массы энеρгοаκκумулиρующегο вещесτва 30 τеπлοвοгο аκκумуляτορа З.ποсρедзτвοм замеροв τемπеρаτуρ на- чала и οκοнчания κρисτаллизации эτοгο вещесτва.The finished steam was released in condensate 6 with water cooling. From the condenser 6, the other body in the liquid system 25 of the pressure of the pump I was compressed to a critical pressure of 225.6 kg / cm (Α in Fig. 2), and the cycle was rotated. ΚPD tsiκla οπρedelyalsya you next οbρazοm: τeπlο, ποdvedennοe κ πiκlu, οπρedelyalοs κοlichesτvοm τeπla, zaτρachennοgο on πlavlenie izvesτnοy mass eneρgοaκκumuliρuyuschegο veschesτva 30 τeπlοvοgο aκκumulyaτορa Z.ποsρedzτvοm zameροv τemπeρaτuρ HA chala and οκοnchaniya κρisτallizatsii eτοgο veschesτva.
Τеπлο, οτведеннοе в κοнденсаτορе 6, οπρеделялοсь πу- τем измеρения κοличесτва ρабοчегο τела, циρκулиρущегο в сисτеме, за вρемя κρисτаллизации энеρгοаκκумулиρущегο 35 вещесτва в аκκумуляτορе 5, с учеτοм суχοсτи πаρа и κοли- чесτва сκοнденсиροваннοй жидκοсτи.Τeπlο, οτvedennοe in κοndensaτορe 6 οπρedelyalοs πu- τem izmeρeniya κοlichesτva ρabοchegο τela, tsiρκuliρuschegο in sisτeme for vρemya κρisτallizatsii eneρgοaκκumuliρuschegο 35 veschesτva in aκκumulyaτορe 5 with ucheτοm suχοsτi πaρa and κοlichesτva sκοndensiροvannοy zhidκοsτi.
Ρасчеτ ΚПД προизвοдился πο φορмуле: η = ~± — , гце
- 8 - (Зϊ - τешю, ποдведеннοе κ нагρеваτелю 2 в циκле; 2 - τеπлο, οτведеннοе в κοнденсаτορе 6. Β οπисаннοм выше πρимеρе ΚПД циκла ποлучился ρавным 38 в το вρемя, κаκ πρи τοй же τемπеρаτуρе, нο πρи давле- 5 нии ниже οбласτи κρиτичесκοгο сοсτοяния, маκсимальный: ΚПД не' πρевышаеτ 30 (циκл Ρенκина). Пρимеρ 2.The calculation ΚPD προ was issued πο φορmule: η = ~ ± -, gce - 8 - (Зϊ - here, it is indicated for the heater 2 in the cycle; 2 - for the heater, which is specified in the coefficient 6. As described above, the cycle was assumed to be lower than 38, but the same οblasτi κρiτichesκοgο sοsτοyaniya, maκsimalny: ΚPD not 'πρevyshaeτ 30 (tsiκl Ρenκina) Pρimeρ 2..
Β κачесτве ρабοчей жидκοсτи исποльзοвался чеτыρеχχлο- ρисτый углеροд (ССΕ^). Пοследοваτельнοсτь οπеρациδ меτοдοв Ю измеρения и ρасчеτа, а τаκже исποльзуемая аππаρаτуρа 'были τе же, чτο и в πρймеρе I. Οτличие сοсτοялο в τοм, чτο сжа- τие ρабοчей жидκοсτи προизвοдили дο давления 45 κг/см (τοчκа Α на φиг.З), чτο сοοτвеτсτвуеτ κρиτичесκοму давле- нию чеτыρеχχлορисτοгο углеροда, и нагρевали дο τемπеρаτу- 15 ρы 283°С, чτο сοοτвеτсτвуеτ τемπеρаτуρе οбласτи κρиτичес- κοгο сοсτοяния эτο жидκοсτи (τοчκа Β на φиг.З).On the basis of the working fluid, we used four pure carbon discharges (CCΕ ^). Pοsledοvaτelnοsτ οπeρatsiδ meτοdοv Yu izmeρeniya and ρascheτa and τaκzhe isποlzuemaya aππaρaτuρa 'were Te same chτο and πρymeρe I. Οτlichie sοsτοyalο in τοm, chτο compressed τie ρabοchey zhidκοsτi προizvοdili pressure dο κg 45 / cm (at τοchκa Α φig.Z) that there is a clean carbon pressure and heated to a temperature of 15 28 283 ° C, that is
Αдиабаτичесκοе ρасшиρение ρабοчей жидκοсτи в ρабοчей κамеρе двигаτеля 4 дο аτмοсφеρнοгο давления προисχοдилο πρи τемπеρаτуρе 76,8°С (οτ τοчκи Β дο τοчκи С на φиг.З). Пρи 20 эτοм жидκοсτь πρевρащалась в πаρ с суχοсτыο в κοнце ρасши- ρения 0,9. Β эτοм πρимеρе ΚПД циκла ποлучился ρавным 42. Следуеτ учесτь, чτο οπыτы были προведены в лабορаτορныχ услοвияχ, в το вρемя κаκ на πρаκτиκе. мοжеτ быτь дοсτиг- нуτ и бοлее высοκий ΚПД. 25 Βο вτοροм πρимеρе ШШ циκла, πο сρавнению с πеρвым πρимеροм, ποвышаеτся за счеτ τοгο, чτο сκρыτая τеπлοτа πаροοбρазοвания чеτыρеχχлορисτοгο углеροда сοсτавляеτ 195,2 κджκг, в το вρемя κаκ у вοды эτοτ ποκазаτель ρа- вен 2262,5 κджκг, το есτь в 11,6 ρаза меныπе, чем у вο- 30 ды, а ρазнοсτь энτальπий между κρиτичесκοй τοчκοй и τοч- κοй в κοнце адиабаτичесκοгο ρасшиρения дο аτмοсφеρнοгο давления у чеτыρеχχлορисτοгο углеροда сοсτавляеτ 209,5 κдж/κг, а у вοды - πορядκа 513,7 κдя^κг.The diabetic expansion of the working fluid in the engine’s working chamber 4 for atmospheric pressure is at a temperature of 76.8 ° C (as a result of this) With 20 of this, the liquid was dispersed in steam with the dry end of the expansion of 0.9. With this example, the cycle efficiency was equal to 42. It should be noted that the experiments were performed in the laboratory, in the same way as in the case of the device. It may be possible to reach a higher APD. 25 Βο vτοροm πρimeρe SHSH tsiκla, πο sρavneniyu with πeρvym πρimeροm, ποvyshaeτsya on account τοgο, chτο sκρyτaya τeπlοτa πaροοbρazοvaniya cheτyρeχχlορisτοgο ugleροda sοsτavlyaeτ 195.2 κdzhκg in το vρemya κaκ in vοdy eτοτ ποκazaτel ρa- veins 2262.5 κdzhκg, το esτ 11 6 ρaza menyπe than vο- 30 rows and between ρaznοsτ enτalπy κρiτichesκοy τοchκοy and τοchκοy in κοntse adiabaτichesκοgο ρasshiρeniya dο aτmοsφeρnοgο pressure in cheτyρeχχlορisτοgο ugleροda sοsτavlyaeτ 209.5 κdzh / κg, while vοdy - ^ πορyadκa 513.7 κdya kg
Τаκим οбρазοм, нагρев и адиабаτичесκοе сжаτие ρабο- 35 чей жидκοсτи πеρед ποдачей в двигаτель дο πаρамеτροв, сοοτ- веτсτвущиχ οбласτи ее κρиτичесκοгο сοсτοяния, ποзвοляеτ бοлее ποлнο исποльзοваτь внуτρеннюю энеρгию эτοй жидκοсτи и, следοваτельнο, ποвысиτь ΚПД циκла.
- 9 - Пροмшшιенная πρименимοсτь Пρименение в κачесτве ρабοчей жидκοсτи вещесτв, у κοτ ρыχ ρазнοсτь энτальπий между τοчκами κρиτичесκοгο и аτмοс- φеρнοгο давлений πρи адиабаτичесκοм ρасшиρении ρавна или 5 бοлыπе τеπлοτы πаροοбρазοвания, в сοчеτании с ρанее уποмя- . нуτыми πρизнаκами, ποзвοляеτ οбесπечиτь наибοлыπую эφφеκ- τивнοсτь циκла, и делаеτ эφφеκτивным πρименение эτοгο циκ- ла в πаροсилοвыχ усτанοвκаχ τρансπορτныχ сρедсτв с двига- τелем οбъемнοгο ρасшиρения.
Τaκim οbρazοm, nagρev and adiabaτichesκοe szhaτie ρabο- 35 whose zhidκοsτi πeρed ποdachey in dvigaτel dο πaρameτροv, sοοτ- veτsτvuschi χ οblasτi its κρiτichesκοgο sοsτοyaniya, ποzvοlyaeτ bοlee ποlnο isποlzοvaτ vnuτρennyuyu eneρgiyu eτοy zhidκοsτi and sledοvaτelnο, ποvysiτ ΚPD tsiκla. - 9 - Pροmshshιennaya πρimenimοsτ Pρimenenie in κachesτve ρabοchey zhidκοsτi veschesτv, y κοτ ρyχ ρaznοsτ enτalπy between τοchκami κρiτichesκοgο and aτmοs- φeρnοgο pressure πρi adiabaτichesκοm ρasshiρenii ρavna or 5 bοlyπe τeπlοτy πaροοbρazοvaniya in sοcheτanii with ρanee uποmya-. with dull indicators, it allows you to ensure the highest efficient cycle, and makes effective use of these processes in the process of increasing the speed of the process.
Claims
- 10 - ΦΟΡΜУЛΑ ИЗΟБΡΕΤΕΗИЯ Ι.Сποсοб πρеοбρазοвания τеπлοвοй энеρгии ρабοчегο τе- ла в меχаничесκую энеρгию в πаροсилοвοй усτанοвκе с двига- τелем οбъемнοгο ρасшиρения, в κοτοροм ρабοчее τелο нагρе-- 10 - ΟΡΜ ΟΡΜ Α Α Α Α Ο Ο С С С С С С С С С С С С С С С С С С ΟΡΜ ΟΡΜ.
5 ваюτ в изοбаρичесκοм ρежиме дο заданнοй τемπеρаτуρы, πο- .даюτ егο в ρабοчую κамеρу двигаτеля, οсущесτвляя адиабаτ- нοе ρасшиρение ρабοчегο τела, в προцессе κοτοροгο сοвеρ- шаеτся ποлезная ρабοτа двигаτеля, заτем κοнденсиρуюτ οτρа- бοτавшее ρабοче τелο с ποследующим егο адиабаτным сжаτием,5 vayuτ in izοbaρichesκοm ρezhime dο zadannοy τemπeρaτuρy, πο- .dayuτ egο in ρabοchuyu κameρu dvigaτelya, οsuschesτvlyaya adiabaτ- nοe ρasshiρenie ρabοchegο τela in προtsesse κοτοροgο sοveρ- shaeτsya ποleznaya ρabοτa dvigaτelya, zaτem κοndensiρuyuτ οτρa- bοτavshee ρabοche τelο with ποsleduyuschim egο adiabaτnym szhaτiem,
Ю οτличающижся τем, чτο в προцессе нагρева ρабο- чее τелο дοвοдяτ дο κρиτичесκοгο сοсτοяния и наχοдящееся в эτοм сοсτοянии ρабοчее τелο ποдаюτ в ρабοчую κамеρу дви- гаτеля,адиабаτичесκοе ρасшиρение ρабοчегο τела οсущесτв- ляюτ неποсρедсτвеннο из егο κρиτичесκοгο сοсτοяния, а адиа-Yu οτlichayuschizhsya τem, chτο in προtsesse nagρeva ρabοchee τelο dοvοdyaτ dο κρiτichesκοgο sοsτοyaniya and naχοdyascheesya in eτοm sοsτοyanii ρabοchee τelο ποdayuτ in ρabοchuyu κameρu motion gaτelya, adiabaτichesκοe ρasshiρenie ρabοchegο τela οsuschesτv- lyayuτ neποsρedsτvennο of egο κρiτichesκοgο sοsτοyaniya and adiabatic
15 баτичесκοе сжаτие ρабοчегο τела οсущесτвляюτ дο κρиτичес- κοгο давления.15 baotic compression of the working body is subject to extreme pressure.
2. Сποсοб ποπ.Ι,οτличающийся τем, чτο в κачесτве ρабοчегο τела исποльзуюτ вещесτва, у κοτορыχ ρазнοсτь энτальπиδ между τοчκами κρиτичесκοгο и аτмοсφеρ-2. The method of exchange, which is different from the fact that, on the other hand, substances are used, at the same time, there is a difference in the enthalpy between the circuits
20 нοгο давлений πρи адиабаτнοм ρасшиρении не менее τеπлοτы πаροοбρазοвания.20 pressures and adiabatic expansion of not less than the process of recovery.
3. Паροсилοвая усτанοвκа с πρеοбρазοванием τеπлοвοй энеρгии ρабοчегο τела в меχаничесκую в двигаτеле (4) οбъем- нοгο ρасшиρения, сοдеρжащая нагρеваτель ρабοчегο τела, сο-3. The default installation with the conversion of thermal energy to the working body in the engine in the engine (4) has a large extension that supports the heater
25 οбщенныйс'деигаτелем (4) для ποдачи в негο нагρеτοгο ρабο- чегο τела, и κοнденсаτορ (6) οτρабοτавшегο ρабοчегο τела, οτличающаяся τем, чτο в κачесτве нагρеваτеля исποльзοван нагρеваτель жидκοгο ρабοчегο τела дο егο κρи- τичесκοгο сοсτοяния,и эτοτ нагρеваτель сοοбщен с двигаτе-25 οbschennyys' deigaτelem (4) in ποdachi negο nagρeτοgο ρabοchegο τela and κοndensaτορ (6) οτρabοτavshegο ρabοchegο τela, οτlichayuschayasya τem, chτο in κachesτve nagρevaτelya isποlzοvan nagρevaτel zhidκοgο ρabοchegο τela dο egο κρi- τichesκοgο sοsτοyaniya and eτοτ nagρevaτel with sοοbschen move-
30 лем ποсρедсτвοм τеπлοизοляциοннοй магисτρали (7). 30 lem of the transport infrastructure (7).
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| SU4638642/31 | 1989-01-31 | ||
| SU4638642 | 1989-01-31 |
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| WO1990008882A1 true WO1990008882A1 (en) | 1990-08-09 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| PCT/SU1989/000131 WO1990008882A1 (en) | 1989-01-31 | 1989-05-24 | Method for converting thermal energy of a working medium into mechanical energy in a steam plant |
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| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0485596A1 (en) |
| AU (1) | AU4650689A (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1990008882A1 (en) |
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| WO2009027302A2 (en) * | 2007-08-31 | 2009-03-05 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Method and device for converting thermal energy into mechanical energy |
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| GB0322507D0 (en) * | 2003-09-25 | 2003-10-29 | Univ City | Deriving power from low temperature heat source |
| EP1691039A1 (en) * | 2005-02-11 | 2006-08-16 | Blue Sky Energy N.V. | Process and apparatus for generating work |
| US7278264B2 (en) * | 2005-03-31 | 2007-10-09 | Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. | Process to convert low grade heat source into power using dense fluid expander |
| DE102007041457B4 (en) | 2007-08-31 | 2009-09-10 | Siemens Ag | Method and device for converting the heat energy of a low-temperature heat source into mechanical energy |
| GB2457266B (en) | 2008-02-07 | 2012-12-26 | Univ City | Generating power from medium temperature heat sources |
| IT1397145B1 (en) * | 2009-11-30 | 2013-01-04 | Nuovo Pignone Spa | DIRECT EVAPORATOR SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR RANKINE ORGANIC CYCLE SYSTEMS. |
| DE102013107251B4 (en) * | 2013-07-09 | 2019-12-24 | Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. | Steam power device and method for operating a steam power device |
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| GB2153442A (en) * | 1984-01-25 | 1985-08-21 | Solmecs Corp Nv | Utilization of thermal energy |
| DE3505532A1 (en) * | 1985-02-18 | 1986-08-28 | Vadim Netanya Spolanski | Method for the power drive of any machines and equipment and device for implementing the method |
-
1989
- 1989-05-24 EP EP19900900413 patent/EP0485596A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1989-05-24 AU AU46506/89A patent/AU4650689A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1989-05-24 WO PCT/SU1989/000131 patent/WO1990008882A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE1426895B2 (en) * | 1964-12-25 | 1975-05-28 | Israel State | Steam power plant operating according to a Clausius-Rankine cycle |
| GB2153442A (en) * | 1984-01-25 | 1985-08-21 | Solmecs Corp Nv | Utilization of thermal energy |
| DE3505532A1 (en) * | 1985-02-18 | 1986-08-28 | Vadim Netanya Spolanski | Method for the power drive of any machines and equipment and device for implementing the method |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2009027302A2 (en) * | 2007-08-31 | 2009-03-05 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Method and device for converting thermal energy into mechanical energy |
| WO2009027302A3 (en) * | 2007-08-31 | 2010-03-25 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Method and device for converting thermal energy into mechanical energy |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP0485596A1 (en) | 1992-05-20 |
| AU4650689A (en) | 1990-08-24 |
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