WO1990002714A1 - Method and preparation for producing concrete - Google Patents

Method and preparation for producing concrete Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO1990002714A1
WO1990002714A1 PCT/DK1989/000212 DK8900212W WO9002714A1 WO 1990002714 A1 WO1990002714 A1 WO 1990002714A1 DK 8900212 W DK8900212 W DK 8900212W WO 9002714 A1 WO9002714 A1 WO 9002714A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
concrete
aggregate
cement
fly ash
heavy metals
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/DK1989/000212
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Svend Aage Mortensen
Original Assignee
Geodur A/S
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Geodur A/S filed Critical Geodur A/S
Publication of WO1990002714A1 publication Critical patent/WO1990002714A1/en

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B22/00—Use of inorganic materials as active ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone, e.g. accelerators, shrinkage compensating agents
    • C04B22/06—Oxides, Hydroxides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B20/00—Use of materials as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone according to more than one of groups C04B14/00 - C04B18/00 and characterised by shape or grain distribution; Treatment of materials according to more than one of the groups C04B14/00 - C04B18/00 specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Expanding or defibrillating materials
    • C04B20/02—Treatment
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B20/00—Use of materials as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone according to more than one of groups C04B14/00 - C04B18/00 and characterised by shape or grain distribution; Treatment of materials according to more than one of the groups C04B14/00 - C04B18/00 specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Expanding or defibrillating materials
    • C04B20/10—Coating or impregnating
    • C04B20/1055—Coating or impregnating with inorganic materials
    • C04B20/1066—Oxides, Hydroxides
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
    • Y02W30/91—Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for the produc ⁇ tion of a pouring material consisting of a chemically in- active granular aggregate mixed with a binder consisting of cement and water, to an aggregate and to the use here ⁇ of.
  • the so-called aggregate When producing concrete a granular, chemically inactive material, the so-called aggregate, is mixed with a matrix consisting of a cement binder and water.
  • binder an artificially produced cement such as Portland cement is used normally.
  • the aggregate is normally a mixture of coarse constituents such as graded gravel and stone plus finer constituents such as graded sand.
  • the object of the invention is to reduce the costs when producing concrete by reducing the expenses of the aggre ⁇ gate, and this object is achieved by the method of the present invention in which the aggregate is being added an alkaline solution for changing the molecular surface ten- sions in such a way that agglomeration is being promoted.
  • this contaminated aggregate can be utilized and at the same time be stabilized in such a way that more conta ⁇ mination is being averted.
  • waste material containing heavy metals as these heavy me ⁇ tals hereby can be deposited and sealed in a safe way.
  • waste material containing heavy metals as these heavy me ⁇ tals hereby can be deposited and sealed in a safe way.
  • Technological Institute Department of Building Technology (of P. 0. Box 141, Gregersenvej, DK-2630 Taastrup, Den ⁇ mark) (abbreviated as TI-B) has carried out an analysis of a sample of concrete for which there was used ordinary Portland concrete, about 8 per cent by weight, ordinary garden earth derived form a bed of potatos as aggregate and also an alkaline solution, about 1.5 per cent by weight, according to the invention.
  • the purpose of the investigation is to assess the quality of the concrete as well as the depth of carbonatization of the concrete.
  • the aggregate (the garden earth) of the concrete has a high content of sand, mainly quartz, but also contains some organic material (plant stems and the like).
  • the ad ⁇ herence between the organic material and the cement paste is good as cracks that have come about owing to drying up of the material mainly have come about in the cement paste.
  • the carbonatization takes place at high speed.
  • the sample that has been cut out has been carbonatized to a depth of about 20 mm in the course of 2 months, and carbonatization has started even in the interior of the sample.
  • the water cement number is assessed to approx. 0.50 and is comparatively homogeneous, but somewhat uncertain on ac- count of the carbonatization.
  • the sand is quartz, felspar and granite.
  • the shape of the particles is rounded to slightly edged.
  • the filler content is high.
  • organic material pre ⁇ sent there is some organic material pre ⁇ sent.
  • the cement is a comparatively coarse-grained Portland ce ⁇ ment, probably ordinary Portland cement. Some cement grains - clustered together, the clusters being 1-3 mm - are present.
  • the cement paste is carbonatized in part in most places.
  • the water cement number - assessed from the fluorescence impregnation - is about 0.50 but the assess ⁇ ment is somewhat uncertain owing to a commencing carbona ⁇ tization.
  • the paste porosity is comparatively homogeneous. Air pores
  • the air content is high. Counting of points on the ground thin section shows an air content of about 10 per cent by volume. The air occurs in part as cracks at the organic material, in part as well distributed spherical pores hav ⁇ ing a diameter of less than 0.3 mm. The pore filling is seen as very little Ca(0H) 2 .
  • the crakes occur as crack formation at the organic materi ⁇ al.
  • the cracks have probably come about by a drying of the organic material.
  • the cracks have come about in the cement paste. Thus, there is good adherence between the paste and the organic material.
  • the depth of carbonatization is assessed by means of phe- nolphthalein. This assessment shows that the sample has been carbonatized to a depth of about 15 mm.
  • the magnification is indicated by making a note of how big a segment of the concrete (the ground thin section) a pic ⁇ ture represents, e. g. 4 x 3 mm, 1.5 x 1.0 mm or 0.4 x 0.3 mm.
  • example 1 it is possible to produce 10 from earth a concrete that can be used which concrete can be compared with ordinary concrete. In an altogether corresponding way it is possible to use other kinds of earth or types of earth and obtain the same good result.
  • Example 2 Structural analysis of a concrete containing fly ash Technological Institute, Department of Building Technology (of P. 0. Box 141, Gregersenvej, DK-2630 Taastrup, Den ⁇ mark) has presented an analysis of a sample of concrete for which there was used ordinary Portland concrete, about 8 per cent by weight, fly ash and also an alkaline solu ⁇ tion, about 1,5 per cent by weight, according to the in ⁇ vention.
  • the purpose of the investigation is to assess the quality of the concrete by means of structural analysis of ground thin sections.
  • the concrete consists almost exclusively of fly ash. Yet, a few small grains of quartz are seen.
  • the fly ash consists of some coal and different forms of glass.
  • the amount of cement is so low that only a few ce ⁇ ment grains are seen.
  • the cement paste is not carbonatized and only a little fine-grained Ca(0H) 2 is seen.
  • the concrete is homogeneous and coherent. It has a water cement number of about 0.45-0.50.
  • the content of air is low. Some spherical pores having a maximum size of 2 mm are seen. In addition, the fly ash contains some hollow glass balls. No cracks are seen and there is no porefilling. "
  • ground thin sections are made from fluorecscence impregnated pieces of concrete that have been cut out and they are analyzed in a polarization and fluorecence microscope.
  • a ground thin section covers an area of about 30 mm x 45 mm and is about 0.02 mm thick.
  • the aggregate is fly ash as well as some small grains of quartz.
  • the fly ash consists of some coal particles plus glass that occurs in the form af solid and hollow balls. A portion of the glass contains iron and is whence brown. The adherence between the aggregate and the cement paste is good.
  • cement paste The cement is Portland cement but only a few cement grains are seen as they are difficult to distinguish from some glass particles in the fly ash.
  • the cement paste is not carbonatized, and as fly ash binds Ca(0H) 2 only a litte Ca(0H) 2 is seen in the cement paste.
  • the water cement number is assessed to about 0.45-0.50 and homogeneous.
  • a small amount of spherical pores is seen in the concrete and no encapsulated air.
  • the maximium pore size in the ground thin section is about 2 mm but the bulk of the air pores are less than 0.5 mm and as a consequence of the same size as the hollow glass balls in the fly ash.
  • the investigated concrete is coherent and homogeneous. It has a good air pore structure.
  • the compression strength is presumably good but it will be possible to increase the compression strength if the water cement number is lower ⁇ ed.
  • the material is evaluated as being suited for both a possible deposition of fly ash and for structures in an appropriate class of strength.
  • the magnification is indicated by making a note of how big a segment of the concrete (the ground thin section) a pic ⁇ ture represents, e. g. 4 3 mm, 1.5 x 1.0 mm or 0.4 x 0.3 mm.
  • enclosure 12 is a copy of a graphical illustration or mapping of a measure ⁇ ment done by Geotechnical Institute (of Maglebjergvej 1, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark).
  • the first analysis is done on a sample of concrete that has been produced from fly ash, alkaline solution accord ⁇ ing to the present invention as well as low alkali cement.
  • the laboratory has performed the treatment with deminera- lized water at 105°C for 24 hours and treated with synthe ⁇ tic salt water at 105 ⁇ C for 24 hours followed by measure ⁇ ments by means of AAS.
  • the second analysis is done on a sample of concrete that has been produced from sulphite powder, alkaline solution according to the present invention as well as low alkali cement.
  • the sulphite powder is a residual product from flue gas desulphurization.
  • the laboratory has performed the treatment with deminera- lized water at 105°C for 24 hours and treated with synthe ⁇ tic salt water at 105 ⁇ C for 24 hours followed by measure ⁇ ments by means of AAS.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)

Abstract

By adding an alkaline solution to the aggregate in concrete it will be possible to use kinds of earth occurring at the place of production as aggregate and by means of this measure to save the often considerable costs of providing graded sand and gravel. Further this alkaline solution can be used as an additive to strongly contaminated substances such as fly ash and sulphite powder and by this means stabilize among other things the heavy metals in such a way that they do not place a load on the environment. The agglomeration is improved by this addition and by means of this improvement the naturally occurring binding property of the materials is improved by means of a change of the surface tensions and this leads to an increase of the cement reaction. This is apparent from the relatively big crystal formations in the concrete and it also seems as if the heavy metals are transformed wholly or in part as there come about many bubble formations in the concrete in spite of the fact that air has not been added.

Description

METHOD AND PREPARATION FOR PRODUCING CONCRETE
The present invention relates to a method for the produc¬ tion of a pouring material consisting of a chemically in- active granular aggregate mixed with a binder consisting of cement and water, to an aggregate and to the use here¬ of.
When producing concrete a granular, chemically inactive material, the so-called aggregate, is mixed with a matrix consisting of a cement binder and water.
As binder an artificially produced cement such as Portland cement is used normally.
The aggregate is normally a mixture of coarse constituents such as graded gravel and stone plus finer constituents such as graded sand.
The expenses of these aggregates often make up more than half of the total costs of the production of concrete be¬ cause of the material price, grading, mixing and transport to the place of use of these materials.
The object of the invention is to reduce the costs when producing concrete by reducing the expenses of the aggre¬ gate, and this object is achieved by the method of the present invention in which the aggregate is being added an alkaline solution for changing the molecular surface ten- sions in such a way that agglomeration is being promoted.
By means of this treatment of the aggregate it is possible to use materials that could not have been used until now, e. g. owing to their content of organic material or owing to a too homogeneous particle size.
When the treatment is being carried out an activation of the naturally occuring agglomeration properties takes place by means of a change of the surface tensions. Hereby an improved stabilization capability and strength are a- chieved that is virtually independent of the pH-value of the aggregates.
Hereby there is achieved the possibility of the use of the cheapest and normally most easily available materials, and this is feasible without the finished concrete product be¬ ing inferior to the normal concrete products with respect to strength and stability.
By using as dealt with in claim 2 both organic and inorga¬ nic material there is achieved the possibilty of the pro¬ duction of concrete of strength from organic substances such as earth.
By mixing as dealt with in claim 3 the concrete using the aggregate occuring at the place of mixing it is possible to produce concrete of quality by means of materials being inapplicable until now.
By making use as dealt with in claim 4 of contaminated ag¬ gregate this contaminated aggregate can be utilized and at the same time be stabilized in such a way that more conta¬ mination is being averted.
Finally it is appropriate as dealt with in claim 5 to use waste material containing heavy metals as these heavy me¬ tals hereby can be deposited and sealed in a safe way. Below the invention will be described in more detail in connection with a going through of the analytical results and of samples of earth concrete, concrete containing fly ash and concrete containing sulphite powder respectively.
Example 1; Structural analysis of earth concrete
Technological Institute, Department of Building Technology (of P. 0. Box 141, Gregersenvej, DK-2630 Taastrup, Den¬ mark) (abbreviated as TI-B) has carried out an analysis of a sample of concrete for which there was used ordinary Portland concrete, about 8 per cent by weight, ordinary garden earth derived form a bed of potatos as aggregate and also an alkaline solution, about 1.5 per cent by weight, according to the invention.
The purpose of the investigation is to assess the quality of the concrete as well as the depth of carbonatization of the concrete.
From the summing up of the analysis is quoted:
"The aggregate (the garden earth) of the concrete has a high content of sand, mainly quartz, but also contains some organic material (plant stems and the like). The ad¬ herence between the organic material and the cement paste is good as cracks that have come about owing to drying up of the material mainly have come about in the cement paste.
There is a high content of air, about 10 per by volume, mainly as small spherical pores. The concrete has appa¬ rently also not been damaged by the frost to which it has been exposed.
The carbonatization takes place at high speed. The sample that has been cut out has been carbonatized to a depth of about 20 mm in the course of 2 months, and carbonatization has started even in the interior of the sample.
The water cement number is assessed to approx. 0.50 and is comparatively homogeneous, but somewhat uncertain on ac- count of the carbonatization.
There is only a few micro-cracks in the sample.
Further, it is remarked in a supplement:
"- Under the action of the carbon dioxide of the air the calcium hydroxide of the concrete is transformed to calcium carbonate (carbonatization). Hereby the ordi¬ narily strongly basic cement paste is being neutraliz- ed. This has the result that the reinforcing irons no longer are protected by the paste, but will rust, when water is provided. As this carbonatization takes place at high speed - as far as the mentioned earth concrete is concerned - reinforcement being capable of rusting will not be suited for use together with the concrete whereas it will be possible to use reinforcement not being capable of rusting in reinforced structures of earth concrete.
- When water freezes it expands about 9%. If there is no room for this expansion within the concrete it will crack. A pore system consisting of small well distri¬ buted spherical pores will prevent the expansion in the just mentioned case. This requirement is met by this concrete.
A too high content of air will on the other hand lower the compression strength of the concrete (The compres- sion strength has not been investigated by TI-B).
When carrying out the investigation of the sample of the concrete no circumstances were found that go against the use of earth concrete in non-reinforced structures, e. g. road making and non-supporting structural parts, elements or members, if besides the E-modulus and the compression strength are suffici¬ ent."
The analytical result is qouted in extenso:
"Sand
The sand is quartz, felspar and granite. The shape of the particles is rounded to slightly edged. The filler content is high. In addition there is some organic material pre¬ sent.
Cement paste
The cement is a comparatively coarse-grained Portland ce¬ ment, probably ordinary Portland cement. Some cement grains - clustered together, the clusters being 1-3 mm - are present. The cement paste is carbonatized in part in most places. The water cement number - assessed from the fluorescence impregnation - is about 0.50 but the assess¬ ment is somewhat uncertain owing to a commencing carbona¬ tization. The paste porosity is comparatively homogeneous. Air pores
The air content is high. Counting of points on the ground thin section shows an air content of about 10 per cent by volume. The air occurs in part as cracks at the organic material, in part as well distributed spherical pores hav¬ ing a diameter of less than 0.3 mm. The pore filling is seen as very little Ca(0H)2.
Cracks
The crakes occur as crack formation at the organic materi¬ al. The cracks have probably come about by a drying of the organic material. The cracks have come about in the cement paste. Thus, there is good adherence between the paste and the organic material.
No major cracks are seen in the ground thin section.
There are only a few micro-cracks.
3.2 carbonatization
The depth of carbonatization is assessed by means of phe- nolphthalein. This assessment shows that the sample has been carbonatized to a depth of about 15 mm.
The analysis of the ground thin section shows that there is a commencing carbonatization in the whole sample.
PHOTOS FROM THE MICROSCOPY (attached as enclosures 1-9)
In what follows a number of photos is enclosed. The photos have been taken in the microscope during the structural analysis of the ground thin section.
The following techniques of microscopy have been used:
Polarization microscopy, parallel nicols,
polarization microscopy, crossed nicols,
- polarization microscopy, crossed nicols plus a sheet of gypsum and
fluorescence microscopy.
For each picture there is made a note of the relevant technique.
The magnification is indicated by making a note of how big a segment of the concrete (the ground thin section) a pic¬ ture represents, e. g. 4 x 3 mm, 1.5 x 1.0 mm or 0.4 x 0.3 mm.
In the pictures, what follows can be seen:
Sa = grain of sand
Pa = cement paste
Pk = carbonatized cement paste
- L = air inclusion
Po = air pore - R = crack
C - cement grain 5
Besides reference is made to the texts below the pictures.
As it appears from example 1 it is possible to produce 10 from earth a concrete that can be used which concrete can be compared with ordinary concrete. In an altogether corresponding way it is possible to use other kinds of earth or types of earth and obtain the same good result.
Hereby it is rendered possible to carry out pouring work 15 directly on the surface of the ground and in this way pour systems of roads or directly on solid substrata such as floors, coast protections and so on.
In addition to this there is pouring of building elements 20 or members on the basis of the kinds of earth occuring at the place of pouring.
Even the greatest problems, viz. the heavy transport of materials to serve as aggregate in areas where either the roads are bad or there are no roads at all, can be solved 25 in connection with the use of the method of the present invention. As the transport of the materials to serve as aggregate is disproportionately expensive the building of houses and roads in such areas will often be given up and this results in completely unexploited areas, especially 30 in the third world.
Example 2: Structural analysis of a concrete containing fly ash Technological Institute, Department of Building Technology (of P. 0. Box 141, Gregersenvej, DK-2630 Taastrup, Den¬ mark) has presented an analysis of a sample of concrete for which there was used ordinary Portland concrete, about 8 per cent by weight, fly ash and also an alkaline solu¬ tion, about 1,5 per cent by weight, according to the in¬ vention.
The purpose of the investigation is to assess the quality of the concrete by means of structural analysis of ground thin sections.
From the summing up of the analysis is quoted:
"One sample of a concrete produced from fly ash has been investigated.
The concrete consists almost exclusively of fly ash. Yet, a few small grains of quartz are seen.
The fly ash consists of some coal and different forms of glass. The amount of cement is so low that only a few ce¬ ment grains are seen.
The cement paste is not carbonatized and only a little fine-grained Ca(0H)2 is seen.
The concrete is homogeneous and coherent. It has a water cement number of about 0.45-0.50.
The content of air is low. Some spherical pores having a maximum size of 2 mm are seen. In addition, the fly ash contains some hollow glass balls. No cracks are seen and there is no porefilling. "
The analytical result is quoted in extenso:
"3.1 Micro-description of a ground thin section
The micro-description of the concrete is carried out as structural analysis of a ground thin section. Ground thin sections are made from fluorecscence impregnated pieces of concrete that have been cut out and they are analyzed in a polarization and fluorecence microscope. A ground thin section covers an area of about 30 mm x 45 mm and is about 0.02 mm thick.
There has been produced and analyzed one ground thin sec¬ tion (2829-7) which section has been taken out in the middle of the concrete sample.
Photos taken during the microscopy are enclosed as enclo- sures.
The analytical results appear from what follows:
Aggregate
The aggregate is fly ash as well as some small grains of quartz. The fly ash consists of some coal particles plus glass that occurs in the form af solid and hollow balls. A portion of the glass contains iron and is whence brown. The adherence between the aggregate and the cement paste is good.
Cement paste The cement is Portland cement but only a few cement grains are seen as they are difficult to distinguish from some glass particles in the fly ash.
The cement paste is not carbonatized, and as fly ash binds Ca(0H)2 only a litte Ca(0H)2 is seen in the cement paste.
The water cement number is assessed to about 0.45-0.50 and homogeneous.
Air pores
A small amount of spherical pores is seen in the concrete and no encapsulated air. The maximium pore size in the ground thin section is about 2 mm but the bulk of the air pores are less than 0.5 mm and as a consequence of the same size as the hollow glass balls in the fly ash.
No pore filling is seen.
Cracks
No cracks are seen in the ground thin section.
Assessment
The investigated concrete is coherent and homogeneous. It has a good air pore structure. The compression strength is presumably good but it will be possible to increase the compression strength if the water cement number is lower¬ ed. The material is evaluated as being suited for both a possible deposition of fly ash and for structures in an appropriate class of strength. PHOTOS FROM THE MICROSCOPY (attached as enclosures 10-11)
In what follows a number of photos is enclosed. The photos have been taken in the microscope during the structural analysis of the ground thin sections.
The following techniques of microscopy have been used:
Polarization microscopy, parallel nicols,
polarization microscopy, crossed nicols and
fluorescence microscopy.
For each picture there is made a note of the relevant technique.
The magnification is indicated by making a note of how big a segment of the concrete (the ground thin section) a pic¬ ture represents, e. g. 4 3 mm, 1.5 x 1.0 mm or 0.4 x 0.3 mm.
In the pictures, what follows can be seen:
Sa = grain of sand
- 0 = organic material
- Pa = cement paste
- Pk = carbonatized cement paste
- L = air inclusion Po = air pore
- R = crack
- C = cement grain
- F = fly ash
Besides reference is made to the texts below the pictures.
For an illustration of the homogeneous particle size of the fly ash reference is made to enclosure 12 that is a copy of a graphical illustration or mapping of a measure¬ ment done by Geotechnical Institute (of Maglebjergvej 1, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark).
Next follows a mention of two analyses done by Steins La- boratorium (Steins Laboratory) of concrete samples con¬ taining fly ash and sulphite powder respectively with the purpose of having measured the release of certain heavy metals in the samples.
The first analysis is done on a sample of concrete that has been produced from fly ash, alkaline solution accord¬ ing to the present invention as well as low alkali cement.
The laboratory has performed the treatment with deminera- lized water at 105°C for 24 hours and treated with synthe¬ tic salt water at 105βC for 24 hours followed by measure¬ ments by means of AAS.
The result appears from the following table. In the first column is indicated the heavy metals released from the sample and in the second column the total content of heavy metals in the sample.
Arsenic, As Barium, Ba Cadmium, Cd
Chromium, Cr Copper, Cu Mercury, Hg
Lead, Pb Zinc, Zn
Figure imgf000016_0001
The second analysis is done on a sample of concrete that has been produced from sulphite powder, alkaline solution according to the present invention as well as low alkali cement. The sulphite powder is a residual product from flue gas desulphurization.
The laboratory has performed the treatment with deminera- lized water at 105°C for 24 hours and treated with synthe¬ tic salt water at 105βC for 24 hours followed by measure¬ ments by means of AAS.
The result appears from the following table. In the first column is indicated the heavy metals released from the sample and in the second column the total content of heavy metals in the sample.
Arsenic, As Barium, Ba Cadmium, Cd
Chromium, Cr Copper, Cu Mercury, Hg
Lead, Pb Zinc, Zn
Figure imgf000017_0001
Figure imgf000017_0002
As it appears from these two analyses it is possible to use fly ash and thereby achieve concrete of quality.
As it likewise appears from the analyses of the samples containing fly ash as well as sulphite powder it is possible to produce valuable building works and works of construction from even strongly contaminated earth, mud or waste products by means of the method of the present invention instead of performing an energy demanding heat treatment and/or deposition of the material with a danger of destroying the environment.

Claims

C L A I M S
1. Method for the production of a pouring material con¬ sisting of a chemically inactive granular aggregate mixed with a binder consisting of cement and water, characteriz¬ ed in that the aggregate is being added an alkaline solu¬ tion for changing the molecular surface tensions in such a way that the agglomeration is being promoted.
2. Aggregate for use in carrying out the merthod, charac¬ terized in that it wholly or in part consists of organic and/or inorganic materials such as earth, mud, silt, sand, clay, fly ash or residual products from flue gas desulphu- rization.
3. Use of the method and aggregates according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the pouring material is mixed with aggregate occuring at the place of mixing.
4. Use according to claim 3, characterized in that conta¬ minated material is allowed to enter as aggregate and he¬ reby stabilizes such waste materials.
5. Use according to claim 4, characterized in that the aggregate is allowed to comprise products containing heavy metals.
PCT/DK1989/000212 1988-09-12 1989-09-12 Method and preparation for producing concrete WO1990002714A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DK507788A DK507788D0 (en) 1988-09-12 1988-09-12 METHOD AND METHOD FOR MAKING CONCRETE
DK5077/88 1988-09-12

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1990002714A1 true WO1990002714A1 (en) 1990-03-22

Family

ID=8139243

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/DK1989/000212 WO1990002714A1 (en) 1988-09-12 1989-09-12 Method and preparation for producing concrete

Country Status (3)

Country Link
AU (1) AU4325589A (en)
DK (1) DK507788D0 (en)
WO (1) WO1990002714A1 (en)

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1535445A (en) * 1921-01-29 1925-04-28 Amies Joseph Hay Method of preparing a cementitious composition
US1549552A (en) * 1925-05-11 1925-08-11 Claude H Hunsaker Process of making cementitious products
CH152544A (en) * 1930-06-18 1932-02-15 Winkler Kaspar Process for the production of mortar or concrete that sets and hardens quickly and is resistant to aggressive water.
US1885731A (en) * 1923-02-23 1932-11-01 Sialco Inc Plasticizing hydraulic cement
US2469356A (en) * 1947-06-27 1949-05-10 Alice S Hammond Stabilized natural soil composition
US4075026A (en) * 1977-01-06 1978-02-21 Cumpston Jr Edward H Mortars and concretes containing pretreated aggregate fillers
US4514228A (en) * 1981-02-20 1985-04-30 Soletanche Composition for making impermeable walls and other underground structures

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1535445A (en) * 1921-01-29 1925-04-28 Amies Joseph Hay Method of preparing a cementitious composition
US1885731A (en) * 1923-02-23 1932-11-01 Sialco Inc Plasticizing hydraulic cement
US1549552A (en) * 1925-05-11 1925-08-11 Claude H Hunsaker Process of making cementitious products
CH152544A (en) * 1930-06-18 1932-02-15 Winkler Kaspar Process for the production of mortar or concrete that sets and hardens quickly and is resistant to aggressive water.
US2469356A (en) * 1947-06-27 1949-05-10 Alice S Hammond Stabilized natural soil composition
US4075026A (en) * 1977-01-06 1978-02-21 Cumpston Jr Edward H Mortars and concretes containing pretreated aggregate fillers
US4514228A (en) * 1981-02-20 1985-04-30 Soletanche Composition for making impermeable walls and other underground structures

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU4325589A (en) 1990-04-02
DK507788D0 (en) 1988-09-12

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
Debbarma et al. Utilization of industrial and agricultural wastes for productions of sustainable roller compacted concrete pavement mixes containing reclaimed asphalt pavement aggregates
Higgins Soil stabilisation with ground granulated blastfurnace slag
Naik et al. Performance and leaching assessment of flowable slurry
Couvidat et al. Feasibility of the reuse of total and processed contaminated marine sediments as fine aggregates in cemented mortars
US20080179253A1 (en) Porous Particulate Material For Fluid Treatment, Cementitious Composition and Method of Manufacture Thereof
Kim et al. Recycling of arsenic-rich mine tailings in controlled low-strength materials
Sadek et al. Physico-mechanical and durability characteristics of concrete paving blocks incorporating cement kiln dust
Luo et al. Degradation of rammed earth under soluble salts attack and drying-wetting cycles: The case of Fujian Tulou, China
Mashifana et al. Geotechnical properties and application of lime modified phosphogypsum waste
Ngo et al. Utilization phosphogypsum as a construction material for road base: a case study in Vietnam
Raja et al. Sulfate effects on sulfate-resistant cement–treated expansive soil
Falayi et al. The geotechnical and microstructural properties of desilicated fly ash lime stabilised expansive soil
Gadouri et al. Effect of the interaction between calcium sulphate and mineral additives on shear strength parameters of clayey soils
Rahman et al. Use of silica fume in stabilizing cement-dune sand for highway materials
Samimi et al. Microstructure, thermal analysis and chloride penetration of self-compacting concrete under different conditions
Tay et al. Concrete aggregates made from sludge-marine clay mixes
Rimbarngaye et al. Performance evaluation of compressed laterite blocks stabilized with cement and gum Arabic
JPH07157761A (en) Soil stabilization treating material and method for soil stabilization treatment
Ouf Effect of using pozzolanic materials on the properties of Egyptian soils
WO1990002714A1 (en) Method and preparation for producing concrete
Chen Analysis of stabilized adobe in rural East Africa
KR20050024754A (en) Method of solidifying sea clay and soft ground with waste plaster and cement
KR100558388B1 (en) Cut off layer of landfill final cover system having self-repairable and high-durability
CN107285727A (en) A kind of baking-free water-permeable brick prepared by castaway slag soil and its preparation technology
Vu et al. Effects of additives on the results of improving peat soil: A case study at Mekong delta in Vietnam

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
AK Designated states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): AT AU BB BG BR CH DE DK FI GB HU JP KP KR LK LU MC MG MW NL NO RO SD SE SU US

AL Designated countries for regional patents

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): AT BE BF BJ CF CG CH CM DE FR GA GB IT LU ML MR NL SE SN TD TG

REG Reference to national code

Ref country code: DE

Ref legal event code: 8642