WO1990001691A1 - Titrage de particules - Google Patents

Titrage de particules Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1990001691A1
WO1990001691A1 PCT/GB1989/000902 GB8900902W WO9001691A1 WO 1990001691 A1 WO1990001691 A1 WO 1990001691A1 GB 8900902 W GB8900902 W GB 8900902W WO 9001691 A1 WO9001691 A1 WO 9001691A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
light
blood
conduit
detector
light source
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/GB1989/000902
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Brian John Bellhouse
Lionel Tarassenko
Original Assignee
Bellhouse Technology Limited
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Bellhouse Technology Limited filed Critical Bellhouse Technology Limited
Publication of WO1990001691A1 publication Critical patent/WO1990001691A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
    • G01N15/04—Investigating sedimentation of particle suspensions
    • G01N15/05—Investigating sedimentation of particle suspensions in blood
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
    • G01N15/04—Investigating sedimentation of particle suspensions
    • G01N15/05—Investigating sedimentation of particle suspensions in blood
    • G01N2015/055—Investigating sedimentation of particle suspensions in blood for hematocrite determination
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
    • G01N2021/1748—Comparative step being essential in the method
    • G01N2021/1751—Constructive features therefore, e.g. using two measurement cells
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/84—Systems specially adapted for particular applications
    • G01N21/85—Investigating moving fluids or granular solids
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2201/00—Features of devices classified in G01N21/00
    • G01N2201/06—Illumination; Optics
    • G01N2201/062—LED's
    • G01N2201/0621—Supply

Definitions

  • haematocrit is a measurement of the ratio of the volume of red blood cells to the whole blood volume, at the start of all donations. Sampling of blood is time-consuming and often messy, with consequent health hazards for blood collection staff. Previously, no non-invasive method has been used for measuring haematocrit in the blood collection line.
  • the inventors have considered the possibilities of developing an optical assay system involving measuring the attenuation of light transmitted through a liquid bearing particles to be assayed.
  • this raises its own problems.
  • the size of particles such as red blood cells, is an order of magnitude greater than wavelengths which are likely to be used for transmission measurements in whole blood.
  • the transmitted light will not only be absorbed but also scattered.
  • the absorption and scattering phenomena are not analytically separable.
  • the logarithmic relationship between transmitted light intensity and concentration Beer-Lambert law which holds for purely absorptive media is not applicable to whole blood.
  • haemoglobin molecule that is deoxyhaemoglobin (Hb) and oxyhaemoglobin (Hb ⁇ 2_ ⁇ below 600 nm makes it necessary for any optical sensor which depends upon light attenuation, to operate in the red and/or infrared regions of the spectrum.
  • deoxyhaemoglobin (Hb) and oxyhaemoglobin (Hb ⁇ 2) differ markedly in the wavelength range from 600 to 1000 nm.
  • haematocrit may therefore be affected by the variations in the oxygen concentration of the donor's venous blood.
  • light transmission is unaffected by oxygen saturation as Hb and Hb ⁇ 2 have the same absorption coefficient at that wavelength, the isobestic wavelength.
  • the blood in a method of assaying haematocrit in whole blood, the blood is caused to flow in shear through a conduit at which substantially monochromatic light at substantially the isobestic wavelength is transmitted through the blood along a path, from a light source to a light detector, of predetermined length and the haematocrit level is deduced from a ratio of the intensities of light received by the detector when no blood is flowing through the conduit and when blood is flowing through the conduit, a correction factor for any drift in the intensity of the light source being introduced by repeatedly taking a reading at a second detector of the intensity of light reaching the second detector along a second, optically clear, path from the light source.
  • a donor's blood can be tested for possible anaemia, non-invasively, and as soon as the blood starts to flow, by providing the measuring conduit as part of the blood line from the donor to the collecting pack.
  • the deduction of the haematocrit level may be from tables, or automatically, e.g., by feeding the outputs of the detectors into a preprogrammed microcomputer having an appropriate haematocrit display or other read out.
  • the conduit may be filled with, e.g., air or saline when the measurement without blood is being taken
  • the substantially monochromatic light at the isobestic wavelength may be obtained from a light-emitting diode with a peak emission in the range 810 ⁇ 5 nm and with a bandwidth of up to 50 nm.
  • the bandwidth may need to be reduced to straddle the isobestic wavelength more precisely by the use of a narrow bandpass interference filter.
  • the conduit may be a simple tubular duct with opposed walls which are transparent or formed with windows, the light source being for example a light emitting diode positioned adjacent to the outside of one wall, with the two detectors, such as light responsive diodes, positioned in different locations along the outside of the opposite wall.
  • the light source being for example a light emitting diode positioned adjacent to the outside of one wall, with the two detectors, such as light responsive diodes, positioned in different locations along the outside of the opposite wall.
  • the second path can pass through air or other translucent medium, such as a solid part of a block of transparent plastics material, in another part of which the blood conduit is formed.
  • the transmitted light may be pulsed to avoid interference with ambient light.
  • Figure 1 is a perspective view of a block containing flow and reference cells
  • Figure 2 is a plan
  • Figure 3 is a side elevation.
  • the illustrated apparatus includes an LED which emits light at the appropriate wavelength and directs this through a cylindrical lens 5, forming a parallel sheet of light, which passes through reference and flow cells 6 and 7 formed in a block 8 of transparent perspex material. As shown in Figure 8, the two cells are separated by black shielding 9, which i ⁇ applied after cutting the block in half and before reassembling it.
  • the cell 6 is plain material whereas the cell 7 contains a lower blood inlet 10, an upper blood outlet 11, and an internal conduit 12.
  • the conduit 12 tapers at both ends but the majority of its length is of constant generally eliptical section as shown in Figure 2.
  • Photodetectors 13 and 14 are positioned to the side of the cells 6 and 7 remote from the LED 4.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Hematology (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Measurement Of The Respiration, Hearing Ability, Form, And Blood Characteristics Of Living Organisms (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analysing Materials By Optical Means (AREA)

Abstract

L'hématocrite dans du sang entier est déduit à partir d'un rapport des intensités de lumière transmise à travers une cellule d'écoulement (7) lorque le sang passe et lorsqu'il ne passe pas par la cellule, un facteur de correction pour tout écart de l'intensité de la source de lumière étant introduit par la prise répétée d'un relevé de la transmission de lumière par une cellule de référence (6) parallèle à la cellule d'écoulement.
PCT/GB1989/000902 1988-08-08 1989-08-08 Titrage de particules WO1990001691A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB8818770.3 1988-08-08
GB888818770A GB8818770D0 (en) 1988-08-08 1988-08-08 Particle assay

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1990001691A1 true WO1990001691A1 (fr) 1990-02-22

Family

ID=10641759

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/GB1989/000902 WO1990001691A1 (fr) 1988-08-08 1989-08-08 Titrage de particules

Country Status (2)

Country Link
GB (1) GB8818770D0 (fr)
WO (1) WO1990001691A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1993006774A1 (fr) * 1991-10-03 1993-04-15 Medtronic, Inc. Procede et dispositif de determination du niveau d'hematocrites dans le sang

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3923397A (en) * 1974-05-29 1975-12-02 Dolive Stephen E Hematocrit measuring method
US4243883A (en) * 1979-01-19 1981-01-06 Midwest Cardiovascular Institute Foundation Blood hematocrit monitoring system
US4303336A (en) * 1978-08-28 1981-12-01 Baxter Travenol Laboratories, Inc. Method and apparatus for making a rapid measurement of the hematocrit of blood
JPS60108920A (ja) * 1983-11-17 1985-06-14 Seiko Instr & Electronics Ltd 定電圧回路

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3923397A (en) * 1974-05-29 1975-12-02 Dolive Stephen E Hematocrit measuring method
US4303336A (en) * 1978-08-28 1981-12-01 Baxter Travenol Laboratories, Inc. Method and apparatus for making a rapid measurement of the hematocrit of blood
US4243883A (en) * 1979-01-19 1981-01-06 Midwest Cardiovascular Institute Foundation Blood hematocrit monitoring system
JPS60108920A (ja) * 1983-11-17 1985-06-14 Seiko Instr & Electronics Ltd 定電圧回路

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN, Vol. 011121, No. 61266958, (P-568), 16 April 1987; & JP-A-60108920 (Iryo Kogaku Kenkyusho K.K.) 26 November 1986 *

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1993006774A1 (fr) * 1991-10-03 1993-04-15 Medtronic, Inc. Procede et dispositif de determination du niveau d'hematocrites dans le sang

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB8818770D0 (en) 1988-09-07

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