WO1989010053A1

WO1989010053A1 - Process for improving the non-specific resistance of newborn and young animals

Info

Publication number: WO1989010053A1
Application number: PCT/HU1989/000015
Authority: WO
Inventors: Márta FENYO^"; Tibor Antal; István Szabó; Gábor VAJDA
Original assignee: Fenyo Marta; Tibor Antal; Szabo Istvan; Vajda Gabor
Priority date: 1988-04-27
Filing date: 1989-04-26
Publication date: 1989-11-02
Also published as: AU3532789A

Abstract

In said process, an area corresponding to at least 25% of the body surface is irradiated for a minimum of 5 minutes with linearly polarized light.

Description

Procedure for increasing the non-specific resistance of newborn and young animals

The invention relates to a method for increasing the non-specific resistance of newborn and young animals.

In large-scale animal husbandry, one of the most difficult tasks is to raise the newborn animals without losses or with the least possible losses. In this context, in mammals such as pigs, horses, goats, sheep and cattle, in addition to the passive immunity passed on from the mother animal, the environmental factors (sterility, hygiene at birth, milk hygiene, low-germ environment) are of particular importance.

When animals are kept in bulk, the dung animals come into contact with numerous specific and non-specific effects at an early stage in life, which can cause their illness and death. In the case of different animal species, different methods which increase the non-specific resistance are used against these poly factor diseases (for example diseases caused by E. coli). Among these, the method according to the Hungarian patent specification No. 175 795 (method for increasing the resistance of newborn calves, developed in the agricultural combine of Mezöhegyes, Hungary) is worth mentioning, according to which the uptake of the colostrum rich in immune substances is stimulated by a previously performed blood sample; The thirst-increasing effect of taking blood is increased to increase the amount of circulating (humoraleff) antibodies and thereby to increase the specific and non-specific resistance uses.

Another possibility of protection against diseases caused by several factors is therapy with endoxins obtained from different Gram-negative bacteria and then treated with radiation (see Hungarian Patent No. 162 973). The method is suitable for increasing the natural resistance of newborn piglets, but the method is expensive and too; an injection is necessary to carry it out.

The specific resistance of newborn mammals can also be increased by immunizing the dam with antigenically active microorganisms (British Patent No. 1 211 876). However, the method is only successful if so-called "stall-specific" microorganisms are used as antigen, which are characteristic of the respective farm. However, the use of such antigens in factory farming is expensive and also difficult to carry out. Another prerequisite for the success of the procedure is that colostrum is taken up as quickly as possible after birth and under reliably controlled conditions.

Hungarian Patent No. 162,789 describes that bile acid and its salts, when pulverized and irradiated, are able to detoxify the endotoxins produced by the intestinal bacteria. The reasoning is theoretically correct, but experience has shown that the multiplication of the bacteria producing the toxins is not inhibited and therefore in many cases the effect does not occur. The object of the invention was the elaboration a method for increasing the non-specific resistance of newborn animals, which can effectively increase the non-specific resistance in the most sensitive, most vulnerable period immediately after birth, is completely harmless and simple, and can also be used on a large scale under the conditions of animal husbandry.

The object is achieved according to the invention with a method in which an area corresponding to at least 25% of the body surface is irradiated with linearly polarized light for at least 5 minutes.

The linearly polarized light has an effect on the living cells in the thin, almost translucent skin of the newborn animal and in the underlying tissues, as a result of which the number of leukocytes increases significantly with unchanged composition and the non-specific resistance of the dung animals, their immune system is still undeveloped, gets bigger. This manifests itself among other things in the fact that the mortality rate after the birth becomes much lower. The irradiation is expediently carried out with a power density of 50-150 mW / cm ² .

The effect on the deeper layers is better if this is used for radiation

Light also contains spectral components of the infrared wavelength range. Light of this composition is characteristic of the metal halide light sources.

The effect is particularly favorable if the radiation is carried out in the first six hours after the birth, in particular in the first three hours after the birth. Young mammals, for example piglets, calves, foals, etc., are particularly preferably treated according to the invention. However, it is also possible to treat domestic poultry that have just hatched from the egg. In this case too, the mortality rate will decrease. It is preferred to carry out the irradiation within the first five hours after breaking the egg. The eggs can also be irradiated during incubation. In order to disturb as little as possible, the treatment is carried out at the points in time at which the eggs are examined by screening in accordance with the incubation technology anyway.

The effectiveness of the treatment can be increased if it is used repeatedly and there are breaks of at least 3 hours between the individual treatments.

The method according to the invention is very simple, its implementation requires "no specialist personnel. It does not harm the animals even in this postnatal sensitive age and can be easily automated. The economy of the method is clearly demonstrated by the decrease in mortality losses. The effect of the polarized Light on newborn piglets was examined under various aspects. After the farrowing had ended, the piglets were irradiated with linearly polarized light for 15 minutes within 1-2 hours. For this purpose, the device described in European Patent Application No. 84850395.9 (manufacturer: Bildsystem AB, Malmo, Sweden), which emits an approximately parallel light beam with a cross-section of 150x200 mm, and a metal halogen was used as the light source of the device Only the spectral components with a wavelength below 350-400 nm were filtered out. A Brewster polarizer consisting of plane-parallel plates was used to polarize the light; the parallel beam cross-section was achieved by a mirror mounted behind the light source and a Freshnel linden tree. The treatment was carried out from a distance of approximately 1.2-1.5 m, with the piglets lying in a two-part open basket (4 piglets in each part). The power density of the light source was 100 mW / cm ² at the point of exposure. The piglets included in the experiments came from a cross between Hungarian white and Hungarian flatland x

Duroc. The trials were carried out in the Mezöhegyes agricultural combine, where 1100 breeding sows are kept for the production of hybrid pigs. example 1

By random selection, two groups of 18 animals each were formed from 36 breeding sows. All piglets in one group were polarized

Illuminated light. All piglets from the other group served as controls. Mortality up to the separation from the dam was observed in the individual litters, the reasons were recorded. After the separation on the 30th day, the weight of the animals was determined. It was also recorded how many litter the sow had produced for the piglets. The results are summarized in Table 1. There is a significant difference between the two groups in terms of mortality for the first seven days or overall mortality. While mortality in the control group was 8.9% in the first week, it was only 4.34% in the treated group. The total mortality decreased from 15.35% to 8.07% due to treatment.

Table 1 examined parameter treats control number of piglets 194 189 mortality (head) from day 0 to 7 8 (4.34%) 17 (8.9%) from day 8 to 30 8 12 from day 0 to 30 Day 16 (8.07%) 29 (15.34%) cause of death

Poorness 6 15

Pressure 5 11 other 5 3 distribution of throws first throw 0 1 second throw 10 8 third throw 2 1 more than the third 6 8 average. Body mass 7.82 kg 7.84 kg total body mass 1313 kg 1254 kg

(both after separation from the mother animal)

The whole experiment was repeated with new piglets to confirm and confirm these results.

Example 2

The tests described in Example 1 are repeated with a new piglet population. The results are summarized in Table 2. The repeated examination confirmed the results of the first, the treatment was even more effective. The high mortality in the control group is due to the fact that a relatively large number of sows farried for the first time. Table 2

He examines parameters and controls

Number of piglets 197 193 Tal tal activity (number) from 0. to 7th day 8 (4, 06%) 24 (12, 44%) from 8th to 30th Day 3 12 from 0 to 30 Day 11 (5, 58%) 36 (18, 65%) to cause

Poorness 3 17 Pressure 6 10 other 2 9 Distribution of throws first throw 5 4 second throw 3 4 third throw 1 4 more than the third 9 6 average. Body mass 7.82 kg 8.10 kg total body mass 1454 kg 1271 kg (both after separation from the mother animal)

It can also be seen from the data that the reduction in mortality in the treated groups is primarily due to the fact that the number of puny, starving piglets and the piglets dead by the mother sow decreased significantly. It can also be observed that the average body mass shows no particular difference at the time of weaning. This is a sign that the piglets that are still alive are full rearing material. From the visual observation of the treated groups, the subjective conclusion could be drawn that the weaker, less weighted, less weighted, less favored piglets became more resilient and more resilient. No differences in the vitality of the two groups were observed in the more powerful, heavier piglets, who are less likely to contract anyway. Example 3

The piglets of 16 sows were examined in the same combine. Two groups were formed from each litter, one group was treated with polarized light in the manner described in Example 1, the other group formed the control. A total of four main groups were formed from the piglets of 4 sows each, groups A, B, C and D, and the differences between the treated group and the control group were evaluated within these main groups. From the individual

Litters only the vigorous piglets with the appropriate weight at birth were included in the experiment.

In group A piglets, cellular immunoreactivity was examined on the third day of life with the DNCB sample (2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene) (Misley A., Särközy P., Magyar Állatorvosok Lapja 1979, 34, 246-250). 1000 micrograms were used for sensitization and 100 micrograms DKCB for eliciting the reaction. Group C was sensitized on day 7 with DNCB.

Group D piglets were tested for responsiveness of nonspecific inflammation on the sixth day of life. This sample, carried out with sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS sample, sodium dodecyl sulfate), is described in Manual of Clinical Immunology, Eds .: Rose, NR, Friedman, H. Am. Soc. Microbiol., Washington DC 1976, Chapter 6: Delayed hypersensitivity skin testing (Spitler, LE) Of the piglets belonging to groups A and B, two treated and 2 control piglets were selected from each litter. Blood was taken from them at the age of 3, 13 and 23 days. The number of red and white blood cells was determined, and a qualitative blood count was also made. Similarly, in groups C and D, two treated and two control piglets were selected from each litter, of whom blood was taken and examined on the 7th, 17th and 27th day of their life.

All piglets in groups A and B were born on3. and day 13 vaccinated intraperitoneally with 1 ml (10 cells) sheep erythrocyte suspension. All piglets from groups C and D were immunized with sheep erythrocytes (10 cells) and killed Brucelia abortus antigens on the 7th and 17th day of life.

In groups A and B the titers of the humoral antibodies were measured on day 23, in groups C and D on day 27.

The tests carried out in the four groups and the results are summarized in Table 3. The times specified in days mean days of life.

The results of the blood tests are given in the order ordered after the day of sampling. It was found that there was no difference in the number of red blood cells between the treated animals and the control. The number of leukocytes is given in Table 4. The number n means the number of samples examined in each case. Table 4 clearly shows that there is a significant difference in the number of leukocytes between treated and untreated Animals. This difference increases until the 7th day, then slowly decreases and disappears between the 13th and 17th day.

Table 3

Parameters A B C D

Number of litters 4 4 4 4

Time of DNCB awareness 3 - 7 -

DNCB response time 13 - 13 -

Time of the SDS test - - - 7

Time of immunization

- with sheep erythrocytes 3 + 13 3 + 13 - -

- with sheep erythrocytes + Brucella abortus 7 + 17 7 + 17

Time of blood 3.13 3.13 7.17 7.17 take 23 23 27 27

Time of titer determination 23 23 27 27

Table 4

Time treated Control Increase% on day 3 6120 4867 n = 15 n = 15 125.8 on day 7 7485 5500 n = 14 n = 12 136.1 on day 13 5771 5060 n = 7 n = 10 114 on day 17 Day 5157 5254 n = 14 n = 11 98.2 on day 23 5883 5900 n = 12 n = 8 99.7 on day 27 8817 8156 n = 12 n = 9 108.1 When assessing the qualitative blood count, no difference was found in the percentage ratio of the occurrence of lymphocytes, monocytes, neurophilic granulocytes between the treated group and the control. There was very little difference in the percentage of lymphocytes in blood propene taken on day 3, where 90% of the treated animals but only 71.4% of the control among the leukocytes contained about 10% more lymphocytes than the literature for adult pigs as the maximum (62%) (Horvath Zoltän: Ällatorvosi belgyόgyäszati laboratόriumi diagnosztika, Mezögazdasági Kiadό, Budapest 1972). In the period of the first days, which is so critical for mortality, a significant and proportional growth in the number of leukocytes can be observed, which is an indication of a strengthening of the protective system.

The results of the DNCB sample serving as a measure of cellular immunity activity are summarized in Table 5.

Table 5 deals with controls sensitized on day 3, a total of 18 17 of which were positive 8 (44.4%) 3 (17.6%) of which were negative 10 14 on day 7, a total of 18 18 of which were positive 10 (55.6% ) 11 (61.1%) of which negative 8 7

From this it can be concluded that the cellular immunoreactivity of the treated piglets matures faster, and already on the 3rd day of life these animals are able to respond to the sensitization. Such a difference can be found in In the case of animals sensitized on the 7th day, they were no longer observed.

It should be noted at this point that there were considerable differences between the individuals of the individual litters, which are not reflected by the average numbers. This indicates further possibilities for developing a more homogeneous stock. The difference between the individual litters subsequently confirmed that it was correct to form test and control groups within the individual litters. In the SDS sample taken at the age of 7 days, 7 (36.8%) of the 19 animals in the treated group were positive, but only 2 (11.8%) of the 17 animals in the control group (up to the time of the examination) in the control group 2 piglets received). This result shows that there is a considerable difference between the two groups in the immune response to non-specific inflammatory substances at the age of 7 days.

The results lead to the conclusion that in the piglets treated according to Examples 1 and 2, the difference observed in the mortality between treated animals and control is at least in part due to the cellular protective capacity increased by the treatment with polarized light.

With regard to the immune response obtained on specific antigens (sheep erythrocytes, Brucella abortus), there was no difference between the treated group and the control group.

The specific antibody response of the animals treated with specific antigens is summarized in Table 6. Table 6 Antigen, Immunization Treated Control Parameters

Avoid Brucella abortus on days 7 and 17 a). Titer 1: 13.7 1: 13.6 b) - log ₂ 3.78 3.76 c) Spread ± 1.63 ± 2.07 d) Var.-coefficient. 43.1% 55.2%

Sheep erythrocytes on

3rd and 13th day a) average Titer 1: 19.0 1: 21.1 b) -log ₂ 4.25 4.4 c) Spread ± 2.23 ± 2.3 d) Var.-coefficient 52.4% 51.9%

Sheep erythrocytes on

7th and 17th day a) average Titer 1: 54.4 1: 65.2 b) -log ₂ 5.76 6.02 c) Spread + 1.65 ± 1.32 d) Var.-coefficient 28.79. 21.9%

Mortality and body weight were also observed in the course of the tests carried out in accordance with Example 3. The corresponding data are summarized in Table 7.

When evaluating this data, it should be pointed out again that not all animals of each litter were included, but only animals with the corresponding birth weight and a maximum of 5 piglets from each litter. Table 7

Parameter involves control

Number of piglets included in the study 76 76 between the 0th and the 30th Day received animals, pieces and% 5 (6, 6%) 7 (9, 2%) reason of mortality: Mickey 1 3

Pressure 2 2 other 2 2 average Mass (kg) at 0. Day 1, 53 1, 46 on 30 Day 9, 164 8, 846

Example 4

Dung geese were vaccinated against Derzsy disease after hatching and treated with polarized light two hours later in the manner described in Example 1. The 8 goslings were placed in a small basket and irradiated for 10 minutes. The treated animals were marked by an incision in the swimming skin. Treated and untreated animals were kept on the same goose farm, in the same airspace, under identical conditions and with the same feed. A total of 336 geese were treated, the number of untreated animals was 4540. This is a fairly large population, but the number of animals treated is also considerable enough that the averages of the treated group can be considered as representative, taking mathematical statistics into account. Mortality up to the 25th day of life is shown in Table 8 Table 8 deals with control

Opening balance 336 4540

Mortality between the 0th and the 25th day

Piece 6 130

% 1.79 2.85

The data in Table 8 show that in the treated group, mortality decreased by about 40% compared to the control. This is proof of the beneficial effect that polarized light has on the non-specific resistance of young animals.

The possibility of irradiation during hatching was investigated on a relatively small number of goose eggs. When incubating in the incubator, the eggs are screened a few times anyway for control purposes, and the irradiation was carried out on these occasions. The results so far suggest that the treatment can significantly reduce the number of deaf eggs (from which no chicks hatch).

Claims

1. A method for increasing the non-specific resistance of newborn and young animals, characterized in that an area corresponding to at least 25% of the body surface is irradiated with linearly polarized light for at least 5 minutes.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that a power density of 50-150 mW / cm ^{2 is} set on the body surface.

3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that for irradiation also in the wavelength range of infrared falling spectral components containing light is used.

4. The method according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that the radiation is carried out in the first six, expediently in the first three hours after birth.

5. The method according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that newborn mammals are treated.

6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that newborn piglets are treated.

7. The method according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that domestic poultry hatched from the egg is treated.

8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that the treatment is carried out in the first five hours after breaking up the egg.

9. The method according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that eggs are irradiated ens during the incubation.

10. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that the radiation at the times on which the eggs are examined by screening in accordance with the hatching technology.

11. The method according to any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that the treatment is repeated several times and pauses of at least 3 hours are observed between the individual treatments.