WO1989005379A1 - Procede d'installation de constructions offshore - Google Patents

Procede d'installation de constructions offshore Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1989005379A1
WO1989005379A1 PCT/US1987/003228 US8703228W WO8905379A1 WO 1989005379 A1 WO1989005379 A1 WO 1989005379A1 US 8703228 W US8703228 W US 8703228W WO 8905379 A1 WO8905379 A1 WO 8905379A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
column
sections
section
columns
column sections
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US1987/003228
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Isaac Grosman
Original Assignee
Krikun, Eliseo
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Krikun, Eliseo filed Critical Krikun, Eliseo
Publication of WO1989005379A1 publication Critical patent/WO1989005379A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B17/00—Artificial islands mounted on piles or like supports, e.g. platforms on raisable legs or offshore constructions; Construction methods therefor
    • E02B17/02—Artificial islands mounted on piles or like supports, e.g. platforms on raisable legs or offshore constructions; Construction methods therefor placed by lowering the supporting construction to the bottom, e.g. with subsequent fixing thereto
    • E02B17/025—Reinforced concrete structures
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B17/00—Artificial islands mounted on piles or like supports, e.g. platforms on raisable legs or offshore constructions; Construction methods therefor
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B17/00—Artificial islands mounted on piles or like supports, e.g. platforms on raisable legs or offshore constructions; Construction methods therefor
    • E02B2017/0039—Methods for placing the offshore structure
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B17/00—Artificial islands mounted on piles or like supports, e.g. platforms on raisable legs or offshore constructions; Construction methods therefor
    • E02B2017/0056—Platforms with supporting legs
    • E02B2017/0065—Monopile structures
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B17/00—Artificial islands mounted on piles or like supports, e.g. platforms on raisable legs or offshore constructions; Construction methods therefor
    • E02B2017/0056—Platforms with supporting legs
    • E02B2017/0073—Details of sea bottom engaging footing
    • E02B2017/0082—Spudcans, skirts or extended feet

Definitions

  • the present invention relates generally to methods of installing offshore constructions such as platforms, wherein number of supporting columns have bases which rest or are fix on a seabed, and a platform is supported at the tops of the columns above the waters' surface.
  • the presen method relates to the joining of a number of column sections i situ to form finished columns of desired height based at selected positions on the seabed.
  • Metal jackets are set out on the sea bottom and secured by means of piles which are either driven, or drilled and driven down to depths of about 100-150 meters. For waters up to 300 meters deep and platforms emerging about 30 meters above sea level, the total length of the piles may therefore exceed 480 meters each. Anchoring of piles of such length requires very heavy and costly pile-driving hammers.
  • towing the jacket to the final location, launching and positioning .the heavy structure onto the selected final site, are very costly and time consuming operations which can only be performed under favorable weather and oceanographic conditions during short periods of the year.
  • Fixed offshore platforms of the gravity structure type ar generally built of reinforced or pre-stressed concrete, or wi a concrete base carrying. steel lattice structures.
  • Such gravity structures are used as production platforms or as tan for storage at sea, and are built on a deep water coastal sit and then towed to the immersion point.
  • the structures are ma stable by gravity on account of the dimensions and weight of the base (generally or concrete) , so that no anchoring is required at the bottom.
  • gravity structures are designed to be located on on highly consolidated soils such as sands and clays. It is required that the height of the domes ' of the seabed .be no mor than a few tens of centimeter's and the slope of the bottom.be less than 1%. Too great a soil settlement under the e fect o repeated loads, tends to ruin the foundation slab and, therefore, damage the structure and linking elements such as conductors, risers and the like.
  • a gravity structure When transported from a coastal construction dock to the immersion site, a gravity structure may be subjected to unexpected bad weather or oceanographic conditions so that th structure also must be overdimensioned to prevent any damage along such hazardous towing trip.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a metho of installing an offshore construction in substantially less time than needed with the known methods, so that very significant cost reductions can be realized.
  • a further object of the invention is to provide a method installing an offshore construction whereby the shape of the construction can be gradually modified and its size can be enlarged.
  • a further object of the invention is to provide a method installing offshore constructions whereby reconnaissance of t sea soils can be performed in a relatively short time, in goo or bad weather and with improved accuracy.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a method of installing offshore constructions wherein necessary coring, penetrometr , geological exploration, and sonar and side-scan determinations can be done with high accuracy and under any weather conditions over substantially the entire year.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a method of installing offshore constructions which would allow, at relatively low cost, the erection of radar, sonar, satellite stations and the like which installations may be useful for various purposes at any distance from the coastline.
  • a method of installing an offshore construction includes the steps of providing a number of hollow supporting column sections, and providing a column base member.
  • the column base member is placed near the waters* surface, preferably at least partly below the waters' surface.
  • a first column section is placed on top of the column base member and the bottom of the first column section is joined to the base member near the waters' surface, the first column section thereafter being at least partly submerged.
  • a second column section is placed on top of the. first column section, and the top of the first column section is joined to the botto of the second column section near the waters' surface, the second column section thereafter being at least partly submerged.
  • Additional column sections are placed on top of th at least partly submerged column sections and joined to the tops of the at least partly submerged column sections near the waters* surface until a finished column of desired height is formed.
  • the finished column including the column base either rests on the seabed or is anchored to the seabed so as to be maintained in a vertical position.
  • a number of finished columns can be erected and fixed relative to the seabed to support a platform of desired size. When a number of columns are used, they are interconnected together. In the interconnected state, anchoring of the columns to the seabed to maintain them vertical is not required. However, the individual columns are preferably temporarily anchored to the seabed to keep them vertical befor the columns are interconnected together. The entire operation can be performed at sea without the requirement of constructing and transporting whole supporting columns and complete platforms as in the past.
  • the sections of each column are of substantially the same cross-sectional configuration, and the may have substantially the same height. Different height column sections can be used at the top end to level the tops t compensate for uneven seabeds.
  • the hollow columns are preferably fabricated with a substantial buoyancy so that installation of very high and ver heavy columns can be carried out with conventional hoisting systems presently in use on many boats. Due to the buoyancy o the at least partially submerged column sections, the loadirig on the hoisting system is reduced, thereby eliminating the necessity for heavy cranes or heavy equipment to construct the platform and supporting columns.
  • FIGS. 1(a) - .(f) are cross-sectional views of different column sections which may be used in the method of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a plan view, on a reduced scale, of a platform supported by a number of columns, the platform having been enlarged in three phases;
  • FIG. 3 is a cross section of a column base located on a seabed?
  • FIG. 4 is a side view, in a reduced scale, of a completed offshore construction supported by guys according to the invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of a concrete column section with inner and outer supporting rings
  • FIG. 6 is a partial cross-sectional view of two concrete column sections joined to one another
  • FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of a length of a finishe column having separate interior column spaces
  • FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of a length of a finishe column including a ladder inside the column;
  • FIG. 9 is a view of a single vessel placing a first colum section on a column base near the waters' surface;
  • FIG. 10 is a view of a catamaran placing a first column section on a column base near the waters* surface;
  • FIG. 11 is a view of the vessel placing a second column section on top of the first column section as partly submerge and
  • FIG. 12 is a view of the vessel placing a third column section on top of the second column section as partly submerg
  • FIGS. 1 (a) - (f) show six different cross-sections (C1-C6 of supporting column sections which may be used in the presen method.
  • Each column section to be used in a finished supporting column has substantially the same height and cross-section of other column sections forming the finished column.
  • the cross-sectional dimensions of the column section preferably are small in relation to their height, and the various cross-sectional shapes of the column sections illustrated in FIGS. 1 (a) - (f) allow the column sections to withstand water or as pressure, and the loads to be supported in the axial and lateral directions of the column sections, i a relatively economical manner.
  • the column sectio will have a circular or annular cross-section as shown in FIG.
  • the hollow space of the column sections also provides for buoyancy of the column section, such buoyancy being a significant factor which contributes to the ease with which the present installation method can be implemented.
  • each of the column sections a joined coaxially end-to-end near the surface of the water as the joined column sections including a column base are submerged vertically toward the seabed.
  • Finished columns formed by the column sections preferably are connected to one another at different heights by means of stiffening members s as to secure stability and rigidity of the whole structure.
  • conductors, risers and drilling tubes may be located exterior of the joined column sections in a finished installation.
  • a rigid or elastic slab or grid (not shown) for connectin the upper extremities of all the finished columns, may be positioned over, under, or at sea level, and shouid be capabl of supporting a working platform.
  • the working platform represented in FIG. 2, can be constructed in any of a number of different known designs according to the type and scope of work to be performed on th platform. That is, the platform P should be capable of carrying all the machinery, drilling facilities, heliport and lodging facilities which may be called for by the technology involved and for commercial convenience.
  • the working platform initially can be relatively small " as shown by Phase I in FIG. 2.
  • the platform can be enlarged afterward once exploration operations confirm the feasibility of exploitatio of wells (FIG. 2, Phase II) , or enlarged even further later o when production necessitates expansion of the exploitation cycle or storage capacity (FIG. 2, Phase III) .
  • FIG. 3 shows a column base 10 on which the lower-most column section of a finished column is seated.
  • the base 10 c be made of steel, or reinforced concrete, or may be a hybrid reinforced concrete with steel skirts ad tubes.
  • the base 10 may be used both as a bearing element and as a drilling template.
  • the overall shape of the base 10 including its are of foundation will depend on the quality of the sea bottom.
  • the base 10 may be formed in various ways but, generally, will be in the form of a bell-shaped structure wit either a continuous or an interrupted edge 12.
  • the edge 12 m include a metallic skirt 12a for penetration into the seabe
  • a number of pipes 14 may extend through the base parallel to the base axis to open in the region formed between the bottom of the base 10 and the surface of the sea bed, as show in FIG. 3. Air or water can be jetted out of the pipe openin at high pressure so as to allow for the elimination of unconsolidated layers of the seabed.
  • a number of tubes 16 al can be arranged to extend through the bae 10 parallel to the base axis to open against the surface of the seabed as shown FIG. 3, the tubes 16 serving as guides for drilling.
  • a number of pipes 18 may extend through the base parallel to the base axis to open in the central bottom surface region of the base 10, as shown in FIG. 3, to allow grouting of the spa formed between the bottom surface of the base, 10 and the soil at the sea bottom, for purposes of enlarging the area of contact with supporting surfaces of the base 10, and to seal the exterior surfaces of steel skirts and tubes penetrating into the sea soil.
  • Valves 20 can be provided on the upper side surface of th base 10, as shown in FIG. 3, the valves 20 serving to control the passage of silt or sand through associated passageways 22 from the region below the base bottom when it is desired to expell the silt or sand.
  • the valves 20 and passageways 22, o course, must be arranged to retain coarser material such as grouting used to fill the region below the bottom of the base 10.
  • Appropriate hooks or rings 24 also are provided on the upper surface of the base 10, as shown in FIG. 3, for allowin the base 10 to be temporarily suspended by means of cables fr a hoisting system used in the present installation method.
  • the base may be desired to furnish the base with instruments and devices for performing geophysical and geotechnical determinations as the base 10 approaches the seabed or when it later rests on the sea soil.
  • first base 10 When installation of a platform begins at a new site, and first base 10 is brought to rest on the sea bottom together with a finished.supporting column, precise data relating to t quality and bearing conditions of the soil can be obtained pertinent to hammering, vibration or testing loads for the column. Afterward, the shape and foundation area of bases to be used for additional columns to be installed at the site, c be accurately determined so that the bases will be adapted to the actual seabed conditions, all at minimal cost.
  • the finished columns are formed by a number of hollow column sections having any one " of a number o different cross-sections such as shown in FIGS. 1 (a) -(f).
  • Finished columns such, as supporting columns 30 shown in FIG. serve to provide means for transmitting static and dynamic forces arising from their own weight and the action of the loads on a working platform P to the sea soil, and allow fo storage of ballast, oil, natural gas, LNG, water, fuel and th like, in the hollow interiors of the finished columns 30.
  • the hollow interiors of the columns will allow for installation of drilling rods, piles, stairs, hoists, cag or other elements used in aide of drilling or in the performance of geophysical observations through instrumentati arranged in the bases 10 or in the lower portions of the column 30.
  • a system of horizontal and inclined braces 32 will provid sufficient rigidity and stiffness to all of the columns 30 to insure the safe operation of the platform P.
  • the braces 32 will be of different kinds and, in some cases, the stiffening provided by the braces will be complemented with guys 34 anchored to the sea bottom as at 36.
  • each of the finish supporting columns 30 can be made of steel or reinforced concrete.
  • Each column section has a predetermined height and substantially constant weight, with regular cross-sectional shapes and dimensions as shown in FIGS. 1 (a)-(f).
  • Each of t column sections to be used also have at both ends suitable coupling devices allowing for the temporary or permanent joining of the sections to one another.
  • Steel or other metallic column sections contain a suitabl internal steel lattice (FIG. 1 (b) , (c) ) , such lattice being capable of supporting such loads and lateral forces as the finished column must withstand.
  • the internal steel lattice i surrounded by -a cylindrical, conic, prismatic or pyramidal metallic plate capable of withstanding the pressure generated from outside by the sea water, and any pressure exerted from the interior of the column by liquid or gas contained therein with sufficient water tightness. Sufficient cathodic protection against corrosion also must be provided for the metallic column sections.
  • a reinforced concrete column section 40 cross-sections o which are shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, also will be of substantial constant height and cross-sectional shape and dimensions.
  • Th column section 40 is made generally of prestressed or post-tensioned concrete, capable of withstanding both.permane and cyclical loads and lateral forces when joined with like column sections to form a finished column.
  • the concrete column sections must b able to withstand pressures produced from outside by the sea water, and from inside by fluids contained in its interior hollow space. Internal and external coatings suitable to avo permeability and corrosion, also should be provided on the concrete column sections 40.
  • both the metallic and concrete column sections must have lateral walls and structu elements of increasing resistance while maintaining either t internal or external shape and dimensions of the column sections unchanged.
  • Such uniform shape and dimension is necessary to allow for readily joining the column sections t one another, as well as to facilitate continuity of tubes, pipes and the like which may extend through the interiors an exteriors (Fig. 7) of the joined column sections-.
  • FIGS. 5 and 6 show coupling devices used for joining the ends of the column sections to one another, the coupling devices being suitable for either the metallic or concrete column sections although the concrete column section 40 is illustrated in FIGS. 5 and 6.
  • Each coupling device 42 is in the form of a metallic ring cap which may be in any desired configuration, but must at least be formed to be tightly joined to the top or bottom end of a column section and any interior structural elements in t column section so as to insure mechanical continuity and wate tightness.
  • Each coupling device 42 also must be shaped to hou an 'hermetic packing washer or gasket 44 between the top of a lower column section and the bottom of an upper column sectio as shown in FIG. 6, to provide the required water tightness o air tightness, and the transmission of static and dynamic loa from one column section to the other with the required safety factor.
  • each coupling device 42 preferable should include such openings, forks or hooks to allow for attachment of the two successive column sections with rivets, bolts, or ball-and-spigot joints as shown at 46 in FIGS. 5 and 6.
  • each coupling device 42 can be arranged to allow for
  • Each coupling device 42 also should be arranged so that, when joined to one another, the devices 42 will provide means for guiding and supporting interior and/or exterior elements 4 such as conductors, risers, and the like used in exploration and exploitation work.
  • Each coupling device 42 also can include means for allowing attachment of a hermetic diaphragm 50 as shown in FIG. 6, so as to separate the interio space of each column section in a finished supporting column for differential ballasting or storage of liquids or gas as shown in FIG. 7.
  • FIG. 8 shows a modified form of diaphragm 50', which includes a sealed door 52 to permit the extension ' o a ladder 54 through the joined column sections when the door 5 is opened.
  • the column sections can be built on shore in a factory, or in situ from slipformed concrete or jumpformed concrete, with epoxy coated, galvanized, or stainless steel reinforcing bars to avoid corrosion.
  • the column sections are prefabricated on shore and are towed or carried to the site by boat. Internal and external faces of concrete column sections should be protected with phenolic compounds or similar coating to act as water-proofing agents.
  • Upmost parts of the finished columns also can be formed integrally in situ wherein the lower part of the column is formed with the column sections of uniform heights. Such migh be appropriate when irregularities of the sea bottom call for the use of sections of different heights at the upper end of the columns, in order to establish a leveled bearing plane for the connecting pad.
  • the height and/or weight of th individual column sections will be determined by the coastal yard or factory vessel facilities, by the method of transportation to the final location, and by the hoisting capacity and free height disposable with the vessels used to unload the column sections and set them in position to form t finished supporting columns.
  • FIGS. 9-12 illustrate the installation of a supporting column formed of column sections according to the present invention.
  • One or more installation vessels 62 or catamarans 64 (FIG. 10) then serve to install the finished columns by taking the bases 10 and column sections 30 from the vessel or barge 60, and joining the bases and column sections by way of at least two different hoisting systems 64 and 66.
  • the first hoisting system 64 is capable of supporting the whol finished column including the base 10 and additional apertenan elements, less the buoyancy of all the elements which will res submerged.
  • the second hoisting system 66 is capable of taking the column sections 30 individually from the vessels 60, and putting them into position to be attached to the.other element of each column, near the surface of the sea waters.
  • the system 64 takes the base 10 associated with the column, and lifts it in the vertical line of the final column position, near the waters' surface as shown in FIGS 9 and 10. Then, the second hoisting system 66 takes a first column section 30 and places it onto the base 10 as shown in . dotted lines in FIGS. 9 and 10, so as to allow a crew to attac the first column section 30 to the base 10 with bolts or by welding and the .like, and to fasten the unions of all the othe apertenant elements such as tubes, pipes and the like.
  • the first hoisting system 64 lowers the ensemble as deep as to allow the second hoisting system 66 to place a second column section 30 on top of the first column section already attached to the base 10 near the waters' surface, as shown in FIG. 11. All the required connections an attachments must then be performed.
  • the first hoisting system 64 then lowers the second colum section as joined to the first column section and the base to the same height above the waters' surface as with the first column section, and the joining operation for additional colu sections 30, is continued until a finished column of desired height is obtained.
  • a second crew can perform the clearing and consolidating of the base 10, su as by using jets of water or air at high pressure, the fillin of voids beneath the bases, and the sealing of tubes and skir inserted into the soil, as mentioned above. Meanwhile, the first crew can begin to form the next column a certain distan from the column already finished.
  • a third crew may finish the upper portion of that column by casting it in situ to the exact required level wher the connecting pad or grid would be attached.
  • Offshore construction installed according to the present .method provide significant advantages.
  • the hollo column sections allow for a large storage capacity for oil, natural gas, or even LNG, thus avoiding the need of oil or ga pipelines and making feasible the exploitation of wells far from coastal storage facilities or existing pipelines.
  • anchoring of the individual columns during construction is a temporary or provisional way to keep the columns at a vertical position, if needed, during the construction of the platform.
  • this permits the complete structure to support all the loads without requiring permanent anchorage.
  • the temporary anchora can be removed, and the whole assembly has sufficient rigidit and stability to withstand all applied loads without requirin additional anchorage to the seabed.
  • the column sections and platform can be located anywhere, regardless of the quality and topography of the foundation sails, and .the distance from existing oil line or coastal storage facilities. Such feature is not present with any of the known offshore constructions. Accordingly, great savings in cost and time can be realized until the star of exploitation of the platform, particularly in that the pri requirement of overdimensioning of structural, supporting and linking elements is no longer required with the present installation method, nor are expensive prior measurements of large area of the sea bottom.
  • the base members shown as separate members in the drawings, can be integrally formed with a first column sectio as desired.
  • An important advantage of the present invention is that t individual column sections, after being used, can be disassembled and re-used.
  • the disassembly is relatively easily accomplished - Since the columns are mostly submerged during the disassembly process, large hoisting equipment is n required due to the buoyancy effect.
  • a typical cas disassembly is carried out by arranging the columns so that uppermost column section is near the surface of the body of water, disconnecting the uppermost column section from the column, raising the column so that the next uppermost column section is near the surface of the body of water, disconnecti said next uppermost column section from the column, and repeatedly raising and disconnecting additional ones of the column sections from the top of the column until the column i disassembled.
  • the column sections may be stored, for example on a boat.
  • t bracing members between adjacent columns of a group of column can be disconnected and re-used.

Abstract

Procédé d'installation d'une construction offshore, consistant à fabriquer des colonnes (30) de support de plate-forme à partir d'une pluralité de sections (40) de colonnes interconnectées. Le procédé consiste à placer une première section de colonne à la surface d'un plan d'eau, à submerger au moins partiellement la première section de colonne, à placer une seconde section de colonne au-dessus de la première section de colonne, ce qui fait que le haut de la première section de colonne est joint au bas de la seconde section, à proximité de la surface de l'eau, la seconde section de colonne étant ensuite au moins partiellement submergée comme l'a été la première section de colonne. On place et on joint des sections de colonnes supplémentaires au-dessus des sections de colonnes successives partiellement submergées, jusqu'à ce qu'une colonne complète de la hauteur voulue soit formée par les sections de colonnes jointes. On peut initialement connecter une base (10) au fond de la première section de colonne. On peut ensuite ancrer la colonne complète dans le fond marin avec des haubans (34) afin de la maintenir dans une position varticale fixe. Après qu'un certain nombre de colonnes soient formées, on peut les étrésillonner avec des treillis (32) puis retirer l'ancrage individuel. On peut désassembler la colonne et réutiliser les sections de colonnes.
PCT/US1987/003228 1985-06-03 1987-12-04 Procede d'installation de constructions offshore WO1989005379A1 (fr)

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US74031785A 1985-06-03 1985-06-03

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WO1989005379A1 true WO1989005379A1 (fr) 1989-06-15

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Citations (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2865179A (en) * 1953-09-28 1958-12-23 Shell Dev Offshore drilling structure
US2935854A (en) * 1954-06-21 1960-05-10 California Research Corp Offshore drilling platform
US3273526A (en) * 1963-11-15 1966-09-20 Lawrence R Glosten Stable ocean platform
US3717002A (en) * 1971-03-08 1973-02-20 Brien B O Method and apparatus for constructing and connecting underwater risers
US3858402A (en) * 1972-01-18 1975-01-07 Balaeva Group Limited Formerly Oil storage terminals
US3924415A (en) * 1974-12-30 1975-12-09 Santa Fe Int Corp Column stabilized semisubmersible pipelaying barge
US3927535A (en) * 1972-09-08 1975-12-23 Sharp Inc G Jack-up type offshore oil production platform apparatus and method
DE2510656A1 (de) * 1975-03-12 1976-09-16 Meerestech Seebau Ing Ims Unterwasserbauwerk sowie verfahren zur herstellung eines unterwasserbauwerks
US4094162A (en) * 1977-06-21 1978-06-13 Brown & Root, Inc. Method for installing an offshore tower
US4257720A (en) * 1979-01-15 1981-03-24 Pipe Technology Systems, Inc. Apparatus and method for driving members into the ocean floor
US4293239A (en) * 1979-04-02 1981-10-06 Odeco Engineers Inc. Method of erecting a very large diameter offshore column
US4711601A (en) * 1985-06-03 1987-12-08 Isaac Grosman Method of installing offshore constructions

Patent Citations (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2865179A (en) * 1953-09-28 1958-12-23 Shell Dev Offshore drilling structure
US2935854A (en) * 1954-06-21 1960-05-10 California Research Corp Offshore drilling platform
US3273526A (en) * 1963-11-15 1966-09-20 Lawrence R Glosten Stable ocean platform
US3717002A (en) * 1971-03-08 1973-02-20 Brien B O Method and apparatus for constructing and connecting underwater risers
US3858402A (en) * 1972-01-18 1975-01-07 Balaeva Group Limited Formerly Oil storage terminals
US3927535A (en) * 1972-09-08 1975-12-23 Sharp Inc G Jack-up type offshore oil production platform apparatus and method
US3924415A (en) * 1974-12-30 1975-12-09 Santa Fe Int Corp Column stabilized semisubmersible pipelaying barge
DE2510656A1 (de) * 1975-03-12 1976-09-16 Meerestech Seebau Ing Ims Unterwasserbauwerk sowie verfahren zur herstellung eines unterwasserbauwerks
US4094162A (en) * 1977-06-21 1978-06-13 Brown & Root, Inc. Method for installing an offshore tower
US4257720A (en) * 1979-01-15 1981-03-24 Pipe Technology Systems, Inc. Apparatus and method for driving members into the ocean floor
US4293239A (en) * 1979-04-02 1981-10-06 Odeco Engineers Inc. Method of erecting a very large diameter offshore column
US4711601A (en) * 1985-06-03 1987-12-08 Isaac Grosman Method of installing offshore constructions

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