WO1988010246A1 - Process for producing a granular soil conditioner - Google Patents

Process for producing a granular soil conditioner Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1988010246A1
WO1988010246A1 PCT/DE1988/000365 DE8800365W WO8810246A1 WO 1988010246 A1 WO1988010246 A1 WO 1988010246A1 DE 8800365 W DE8800365 W DE 8800365W WO 8810246 A1 WO8810246 A1 WO 8810246A1
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Prior art keywords
water glass
substances
sprayed
glass solution
particles
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PCT/DE1988/000365
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German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Herbert Hans Wagner
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Deutsche Perlite Gmbh
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Publication of WO1988010246A1 publication Critical patent/WO1988010246A1/en

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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09KMATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K17/00Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials
    • C09K17/40Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing mixtures of inorganic and organic compounds
    • C09K17/48Organic compounds mixed with inorganic active ingredients, e.g. polymerisation catalysts
    • C09K17/50Organic compounds mixed with inorganic active ingredients, e.g. polymerisation catalysts the organic compound being of natural origin, e.g. cellulose derivatives
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05DINORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
    • C05D9/00Other inorganic fertilisers
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05GMIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G3/00Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
    • C05G3/80Soil conditioners
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09KMATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K17/00Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials
    • C09K17/40Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing mixtures of inorganic and organic compounds

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for producing a granular soil improvement agent by treating particles made of a porous material with a water glass solution.
  • DE-C234 00 080 describes an agent for the treatment of soils, in particular forest soils, in order to deacidify them.
  • the problems associated with acidification of soils are described in detail in this DE-PS.
  • forest extinction is based not only on acidification of the forest soil, but also on the lack of fertilizers and substances that influence the metabolism of trees and plants, although it has been found that it is not simply sufficient, as with fertilization In agriculture, the missing substances are simply added to forest soils, but it is rather necessary that they are slowly released over periods of a few years and integrated into the complicated and sensitive soil and plant systems, so that a revitalization of environmentally damaged plants and soils, especially forest trees and forest soils is possible.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a process for the preparation of agents by means of which a revitalization of environmentally damaged plants and soils, in particular forest soils, is possible, these agents containing their active ingredients over the longest possible period in the biologically required amounts to deliver, at least over a period of 10 years.
  • the invention is based on the finding that when water glass solution is sprayed onto hot particles, this water glass partially coagulates from a porous material by abrupt water removal, as a result of which silica is precipitated.
  • the highly disperse silicic acid obtained depending on the temperature and spray conditions precipitates in the form of a polysilicic acid on the surface of the porous particles. This polysilicic acid has on its surface
  • Siloxane and silanol groups has a very large BET surface area of up to 280 m 2 / g.
  • This polysilicic acid has complex-forming and sorptive effects on or in the soil and prevents premature washing out of active substances with which the granules according to the invention can be loaded, and moreover represents a nature-identical substitute for the partially destroyed clay minerals, in particular on the intensive root layer.
  • the granules produced by the process according to the invention have the advantage that the neutralizing water glass or the polysilicic acid precipitated by heat coagulation and, if appropriate, additionally applied revitalizing substances adhere firmly to the porous carrier material.
  • porous inorganic substances such as expanded perlite or calcium silicate, are impregnated with water glass solutions and sprinkled for the treatment of acidic soils in the root area of the trees.
  • the water glass is slowly released to neutralize emissions-related acids.
  • the method according to the invention enables the production of a granular soil improvement agent which, owing to the precipitated silica in the soil, has the complex-forming and sorptive effects mentioned over an extremely long period of time, which are not brought about by the known agent.
  • the porous particles used preferably consist of porous inorganic particles, such as porous ceramic particles or foam glass particles, but in particular they consist of Peru teteilchen.
  • Perlite is a volcanic liparite or quartz porphyry glass with many small water inclusions. If this material is heated to over 1000'C, it expands to a light rock foam of 20 times its volume due to water evaporation.
  • the method according to the invention can be carried out in a particularly expedient manner if the water glass solution is sprayed onto the hot pearlite particles immediately after their expansion.
  • the water glass is preferably sprayed on as a concentrated solution, in particular in an amount of 10 to 22 liters per 100 liters of the porous particles.
  • the particles should preferably still have a temperature of 400 to 750 ° C.
  • the water glass solution which preferably consists of a sodium or potassium water glass solution
  • partial coagulation of the water glass and precipitation of polysilicic acid on the particles takes place, which after drying in combination with water glass is present, which is slowly released on or in the soil for neutralization, while the polysilicic acid exerts its effect indicated above.
  • a precipitant such as potassium sulfate may be added to the water glass solution prior to being sprayed onto the hot porous particles, which may increase the amount of polysilicic acid precipitated on the porous particles.
  • the process according to the invention also has the advantage that polysilicic acid is precipitated from the cheap base material, water glass, on the porous particles, which as such is a relatively expensive material and therefore would not be suitable for use on a large scale.
  • These granules produced by the process according to the invention can also be loaded with further revitalizing substances. If these are not temperature sensitive and tolerate the high temperatures of the hot porous particles, they can be sprayed on together with the water glass solution either as separate solutions, powders or granules, which can be used separately or dispersed in the water glass solution. However, if the substances are temperature-sensitive, the hot particles are expediently allowed to cool, for example to temperatures of 200 to 300 ° C., and the additional substances in the form of solutions, powders or granules are then sprayed onto these still moist particles.
  • additional substances can are applied to the granulate particles in succession or in the form of mixtures in the application form mentioned and bond firmly to the finished granules produced in accordance with the invention. Since on the one hand water glass is sparingly water-soluble and on the other hand the precipitated polysilicic acids have a complexing and sorptive effect, these additional substances are only slowly released in the desired manner on or in the soil, so that they can develop their effect in a metered form over longer periods of time. The delayed release can also be promoted in that the additional substances applied are provided with a protective colloid, which can consist, for example, of water glass, which also serves as a binder and dissolution delay agent.
  • a protective colloid which can consist, for example, of water glass, which also serves as a binder and dissolution delay agent.
  • Additional revitalizing substances include dolomite, phosphates, humic acids, growth substances, molasses, and co-precipitated silica and magnesium carbonate.
  • the dolomite is preferably used in a particle size of up to 0.5 mm and should have a minimum magnesium carbonate content of 40% by weight. It is mainly used for gentle buffering of acidified soils and for long-term supply with calcium and magnesium.
  • Humic acids or their salts such as potassium or sodium salts, serve as growth substances and soil improvers for structurally weak soils or soils with low exchange.
  • Humic acid promotes the activity of soil organisms, including earthworms, is free from artificial additives, improves the soil structure directly by loosening heavy soils and indirectly by favoring the production of bacterial adhesives, which bind fine particles to crumbs, and, like silica, also increases it Soil water capacity through direct binding of water to the organic substance or indirectly through structural improvement.
  • humic acid and its salts are also able to store nutrients on their surface in an exchangeable form, which is particularly important for low-clay soils.
  • humic acid and the aforementioned polysilicic acid ensure that the soil can survive dry periods without damage.
  • Kinetin (6-furfurylaminopurine) may be mentioned as growth substances. These growth substances remedy metabolic disorders, especially in trees. Kinetin, which belongs to the kinine family, is one of the most important key substances in the cell biology of plants. It is thermally stable (F. 269 to 271 ° C) and is therefore very suitable for producing the granules according to the invention. late. In particular, it promotes fine rooting of trees and rooting of cuttings, which is important when carrying out reforestation programs.
  • Kinetin can be used especially in combination with indole acetic acid, which is a growth accelerator, and in this combination promotes a slow, i.e. does not grow too quickly and favors the metabolic conditions, thereby preventing nutrient loss and premature exhaustion of crops such as trees.
  • Kinetin also promotes plant cell division and prevents premature aging of plant parts and improves the transfer of photosynthetic products from the leaves and needles to the reserve organs.
  • kinetin In general, very small amounts of kinetin are sufficient to return the trees to their healthy metabolic function without damage in the long term. This effect is achieved in particular when kinetin is embedded in a complex composite of substances such as polysilicic acid and sugars, and this is possible when using the granules according to the invention.
  • potassium phosphate preferably tetrapotassium pyrophosphate
  • phosphate is used as the phosphate in order to supply the soil with the nutrient elements potassium and phosphorus. So that these elements are not washed out of the ground and their mobility is slowed down, it is also expedient if these phosphates are held by the polysilicic acid and released only slowly.
  • the phosphates facilitate the liquefaction of the spray compound and thus enable easy spraying onto the hot porous particles.
  • Molasses ie sugar molasses, contains about 50% sugar in addition to betaine, dextrin, lactic acid and amino acids and is therefore extremely nitrogen-rich. She practices a bio catalytic function especially related to
  • Copper, iron, manganese, magnesium, zinc, cobalt, boron and molybdenum, in particular, are possible as complexed trace elements, which are available in exchangeable form for the application of soil and leaves.
  • EDTA ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid
  • Complexing agents are in particular ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) for these trace elements, the mobility of which can also be slowed down by the polysilicic acid present in the granules according to the invention, since the trace elements are also to be released only slowly and in metered form.
  • Trace elements are important because they have been lost in over-acidified soils due to leaching or when liming soils using, for example, cottage limes, which have a high calcium oxide content, are immobilized and are therefore no longer available for the plants.
  • Another component that can be applied to the granules produced according to the invention consists of co-precipitated silica and magnesium carbonate. In addition to the drying effect, these substances also exert the effects described above and in particular prevent washing out of the active ingredients and nutrients.
  • a combination of additional active substances in the form of granules can also be applied to the granules produced by the ancestor according to the invention in still moist form.
  • Growth substances for example kinetin, and potassium phosphate evaporate gently by spraying to a solid, free-flowing granulate, whereupon these granules are applied to the still moist granules produced according to the invention and, after drying, firmly bond to them.
  • these additional substances are preferably used in the following quantitative ranges:
  • a concentrated cauliflower glass solution with a solids content of 25% by weight in an amount of 600 kg (approx. 4801) is sprayed onto this hot perlite with rapid stirring using spray nozzles or pipe slot pressure sprinklers.
  • dolomite flour (bulk density approx
  • a mixture of 70 kg of magnesium carbonate and 45 kg of silica is then added with the stirrer upright, followed by the addition of 12 kg of trace elements (manganese, magnesium, zinc, cobalt, boron, molybdenum, copper, iron) bound with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid. Then the mixture is slowly stirred at a temperature of 100 ° C.
  • the free-flowing product obtained is packaged and spread in quantities of 1.5 to 3 tons per hectare of soil and has a duration of action of at least 10 years.

Abstract

Process for producing a granular soil conditioner by treating particles of a porous material with a potassium silicate solution, and use.

Description

Verfahren zur Herstellung eines granulatförmigen Bodenverbesserungsmitteis. Process for the preparation of a granular soil conditioner.
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines granulatförmigen Bodenverbesserungsmitteis durch Behandeln von Teilchen aus einem porösen Material mit einer Wasserglaslösung.The invention relates to a method for producing a granular soil improvement agent by treating particles made of a porous material with a water glass solution.
In der DE- C234 00 080 wird ein Mittel zur Behandlung von Böden, insbesondere Waldböden, beschrieben, um diese zu entsäuern. Die im Zusammenhang mit einer Übersäuerung von Böden auftretenden Probleme werden ausführlich in dieser DE-PS beschrieben.DE-C234 00 080 describes an agent for the treatment of soils, in particular forest soils, in order to deacidify them. The problems associated with acidification of soils are described in detail in this DE-PS.
Nach neuesten Untersuchungen beruht jedoch das Waldsterben nicht nur auf einer Übersäuerung des Waldbodens, sondern auch auf dem Fehlen von Düngesubstanzen sowie den Stoff- Wechsel von Bäumen und Pflanzen beeinflussenden Substanzen, wobei es sich jedoch herausgestellt hat, daß es nicht einfach genügt, wie beim Düngen in der Landwirtschaft in Waldböden die fehlenden Substanzen einfach zuzusetzen, sondern es ist vielmehr erforderlich, daß diese über Zeiträume von einigen Jahren hinweg langsam freigesetzt und in die komplizierten und sensiblen Boden- und Pflanzensysteme integriert werden, so daß eine Revitalisierung von umweltgeschädigten Pflanzen und Böden, insbesondere Waldbäumen und Waldböden möglich ist.According to the latest studies, however, forest extinction is based not only on acidification of the forest soil, but also on the lack of fertilizers and substances that influence the metabolism of trees and plants, although it has been found that it is not simply sufficient, as with fertilization In agriculture, the missing substances are simply added to forest soils, but it is rather necessary that they are slowly released over periods of a few years and integrated into the complicated and sensitive soil and plant systems, so that a revitalization of environmentally damaged plants and soils, especially forest trees and forest soils is possible.
Die Erfindung hat sich die Aufgabe gestellt, ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von Mitteln zu schaffen, mit deren Hilfe eine Revitalisierung von umweltgeschädigten Pflanzen und Böden, insbesondere Waldböden, möglich ist, wobei diese Mittel ihre Wirkstoffe über einen möglichst langen Zeitraum hinweg in den biologisch erforderlichen Mengen abgeben sollen, und zwar mindestens über einen Zeitraum von 10 Jahren.The invention has for its object to provide a process for the preparation of agents by means of which a revitalization of environmentally damaged plants and soils, in particular forest soils, is possible, these agents containing their active ingredients over the longest possible period in the biologically required amounts to deliver, at least over a period of 10 years.
Diese Aufgabe wird durch das Verfahren des Patentanspruchs 1 gelöst. Die Erfindung beruht auf der Feststellung, daß beim Aufsprühen von Wasserglaslösung auf heiße Teilchen, aus einem porösen Material dieses Wasserglas durch schlagartigen Wasserentzug teilweise koaguliert, wodurch Kieselsäure ausgefällt wird. Die dabei je nach Temperatur und Sprühbedingungen erhaltene hochdisperse Kieselsäure fällt in Form einer Polykieselsäure auf der Oberfläche der porösen Teilchen aus. Diese Polykieselsäure weist an ihrer OberflächeThis object is achieved by the method of claim 1. The invention is based on the finding that when water glass solution is sprayed onto hot particles, this water glass partially coagulates from a porous material by abrupt water removal, as a result of which silica is precipitated. The highly disperse silicic acid obtained depending on the temperature and spray conditions precipitates in the form of a polysilicic acid on the surface of the porous particles. This polysilicic acid has on its surface
Siloxan- und Silanolgruppen auf und besitzt eine sehr große BET-Oberfläche von bis zu 280 m2/g. Diese Polykieselsäure übt auf oder im Boden komplexbildende und sorptive Wirkungen aus und verhindert ein vorzeitiges Auswaschen von Wirksubstanzen, mit denen die erfindungsgemäßen Granulate beladen sein können, und stellt darüber hinaus einen naturidentischen Ersatz für die teilweise zerstörten Tonminerale insbesondere an der Intensivwurzelschicht dar.Siloxane and silanol groups and has a very large BET surface area of up to 280 m 2 / g. This polysilicic acid has complex-forming and sorptive effects on or in the soil and prevents premature washing out of active substances with which the granules according to the invention can be loaded, and moreover represents a nature-identical substitute for the partially destroyed clay minerals, in particular on the intensive root layer.
Die nach dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren hergestellten Granulate besitzen den Vorteil, daß das Neutralisationszwecken dienende Wasserglas bzw. die durch Hitzekoagulation ausgefällte Polykieselsäure sowie gegebenenfalls zusätzlich aufgebrachte revitalisierende Substanzen fest an den porösen Trägermaterial teilchen anhaften. The granules produced by the process according to the invention have the advantage that the neutralizing water glass or the polysilicic acid precipitated by heat coagulation and, if appropriate, additionally applied revitalizing substances adhere firmly to the porous carrier material.
Gemäß der erwähnten DE-C2 34 00 080 werden poröse anorganische Stoffe, wie expandierter Perlit oder Calcium- silikat, mit Wasserglaslösungen getränkt und zur Behandlung von sauren Böden im Wurzelbereich der Bäume ausgestreut. Dabei wird das Wasserglas zur Neutralisation immissionsbedingter Säuren langsam freigesetzt.According to DE-C2 34 00 080 mentioned, porous inorganic substances, such as expanded perlite or calcium silicate, are impregnated with water glass solutions and sprinkled for the treatment of acidic soils in the root area of the trees. The water glass is slowly released to neutralize emissions-related acids.
Demgegenüber ermöglicht das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren die Herstellung eines granulatförmigen Bodenverbesserungsmitteis, welches aufgrund der ausgefällten Kieselsäure im Boden die erwähnten komplexbildenden und sorptiven Wirkungen über einen extrem langen Zeitraum ausübt, die von dem bekannten Mittel nicht bewirkt werden.In contrast, the method according to the invention enables the production of a granular soil improvement agent which, owing to the precipitated silica in the soil, has the complex-forming and sorptive effects mentioned over an extremely long period of time, which are not brought about by the known agent.
Die verwendeten porösen Teilchen bestehen vorzugsweise aus porösen anorganischen Teilchen, wie porösen Keramikteilchen oder Schaumglasteilchen, insbesondere bestehen sie jedoch aus Peru teteilchen. Perlite ist ein vulkanisches Liparit- oder Quarzporphyrglas mit vielen kleinen Wassereinschlüssen. Erhitzt man dieses Material auf über 1000'C, so expandiert es infolge Wasserverdampfung zu einem leichten Gesteinsschaum vom 20-fachem Volumen. In besonders zweckmäßiger Weise läßt sich das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren ausführen, wenn auf die heißen Perlite- teilchen unmittelbar nach ihrer Expandierung die Wasserglaslösung aufgesprüht wird. Das Wasserglas wird vorzugsweise als konzentrierte Lösung aufgesprüht, insbe- sondere in einer Menge von 10 bis 22 Litern je 100 Liter der porösen Teilchen. Während des Sprühvorganges sollten die Teilchen vorzugsweise noch eine Temperatur von 400 bis 750°C besitzen. Wie bereits erwähnt, erfolgt beim Aufsprühen der Wasserglaslösung, die vorzugsweise aus einer Natrium- oder Kaliumwasserglaslösung besteht, in Abhängigkeit von der Temperatur und den Sprühbedingungen eine teilweise Koagulation des Wasserglases und der Ausfällung von Polykieselsäure auf den Teilchen, die nach ihrer Trocknung in Kombination mit Wasserglas vorliegt, welches auf oder im Boden langsam zur Neutralisation freigesetzt wird, während die Polykieselsäure ihre weiter oben angegebene Wirkung entfaltet.The porous particles used preferably consist of porous inorganic particles, such as porous ceramic particles or foam glass particles, but in particular they consist of Peru teteilchen. Perlite is a volcanic liparite or quartz porphyry glass with many small water inclusions. If this material is heated to over 1000'C, it expands to a light rock foam of 20 times its volume due to water evaporation. The method according to the invention can be carried out in a particularly expedient manner if the water glass solution is sprayed onto the hot pearlite particles immediately after their expansion. The water glass is preferably sprayed on as a concentrated solution, in particular in an amount of 10 to 22 liters per 100 liters of the porous particles. During the spraying process, the particles should preferably still have a temperature of 400 to 750 ° C. As already mentioned, depending on the temperature and the spraying conditions, when the water glass solution, which preferably consists of a sodium or potassium water glass solution, is sprayed on, partial coagulation of the water glass and precipitation of polysilicic acid on the particles takes place, which after drying in combination with water glass is present, which is slowly released on or in the soil for neutralization, while the polysilicic acid exerts its effect indicated above.
Der Wasserglaslösung kann vor dem Aufsprühen auf die heißen porösen Teilchen ein Ausfällungsmittel, wie Kaliumsulfat, zugesetzt werden, wodurch die Menge der auf den porösen Teilchen ausgefällten Polykieselsäure erhöht werden kann.A precipitant such as potassium sulfate may be added to the water glass solution prior to being sprayed onto the hot porous particles, which may increase the amount of polysilicic acid precipitated on the porous particles.
Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren hat auch den Vorteil, daß aus dem billigen Grundstoff Wasserglas auf den porösen Teilchen Polykieselsäure ausgefällt wird, die als solche ein relativ kostspieliges Material ist und daher an sich für einen Einsatz in großem Maßstäbe nicht in Frage käme.The process according to the invention also has the advantage that polysilicic acid is precipitated from the cheap base material, water glass, on the porous particles, which as such is a relatively expensive material and therefore would not be suitable for use on a large scale.
Diese nach dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren hergestellten Granulate können noch mit weiteren revitalisierenden Substanzen beladen werden. Sofern diese nicht temperaturempfindlich sind und die hohen Temperaturen der heißen porösen Teilchen vertragen, können diese zusammen mit der Wasserglaslösung entweder als getrennte Lösungen, Pulver oder Granulate, die getrennt oder in der Wasserglaslösung dispergiert eingesetzt werden können, aufgesprüht werden. Handelt es sich jedoch um temperaturempfindliche Substanzen, dann läßt man in zweckmäßiger Weise die heißen Teilchen abkühlen, beispielsweise auf Temperaturen von 200 bis 300°C, und sprüht dann auf diese noch feuchten Teilchen die zusätzlichen Substanzen in Form von Lösungen, Pulvern oder Granulaten auf. Diese zusätzlichen Substanzen können dabei in der genannten Applikationsform aufeinanderfolgend oder in Form von Mischungen auf die Granulatteilchen aufgebracht werden und verbinden sich mit diesen fest zu dem fertigen, erfindungsgemäß hergestellten Granulat. Da einerseits Wasserglas schwer wasserlöslich ist und andererseits die ausgefällten Polykieselsäuren eine komplexierende und sorptive Wirkung besitzen, werden diese zusätzlichen Substanzen in der gewünschten Weise auf oder im Boden nur langsam freigesetzt, so daß sie ihre Wirkung in dosierter Form über längere Zeitspannen hinweg entfalten können. Die verzögerte Freisetzung kann auch noch dadurch begünstigt werden, daß die aufgebrachten zusätzlichen Substanzen mit einem Schutzkolloid versehen werden, das beispielsweise aus Wasserglas bestehen kann, das gleichzeitig als Bin- demittel und Auflösungsverzögerungsmittel dient.These granules produced by the process according to the invention can also be loaded with further revitalizing substances. If these are not temperature sensitive and tolerate the high temperatures of the hot porous particles, they can be sprayed on together with the water glass solution either as separate solutions, powders or granules, which can be used separately or dispersed in the water glass solution. However, if the substances are temperature-sensitive, the hot particles are expediently allowed to cool, for example to temperatures of 200 to 300 ° C., and the additional substances in the form of solutions, powders or granules are then sprayed onto these still moist particles. These additional substances can are applied to the granulate particles in succession or in the form of mixtures in the application form mentioned and bond firmly to the finished granules produced in accordance with the invention. Since on the one hand water glass is sparingly water-soluble and on the other hand the precipitated polysilicic acids have a complexing and sorptive effect, these additional substances are only slowly released in the desired manner on or in the soil, so that they can develop their effect in a metered form over longer periods of time. The delayed release can also be promoted in that the additional substances applied are provided with a protective colloid, which can consist, for example, of water glass, which also serves as a binder and dissolution delay agent.
Als zusätzliche revi talisierende Substanzen kommen insbesondere Dolomit, Phosphate, Huminsäuren, Wuchsstoffe, Melasse sowie gemeinsam gefällte Kieselsäure und Magnesiumcarbonat in Frage. Additional revitalizing substances include dolomite, phosphates, humic acids, growth substances, molasses, and co-precipitated silica and magnesium carbonate.
Der Dolomit wird vorzugsweise in einer Teilchengröße bis zu 0,5 mm eingesetzt und sollte einen Mindestmagnesiumcarbonatgehalt von 40 Gew.-% aufweisen. Er dient hauptsächlich zu schonenden Pufferung von übersäuerten Böden und zur Langzeitversorgung mit Kalzium und Magnesium. Huminsäuren bzw. deren Salze, wie beispielsweise Kalium- oder Natriumsalze, dienen als Wuchsstoffe und Bodenverbesserungsmit tel für strukturschwache Böden bzw. austauscharme Böden. Huminsäure fördert die Tätigkeit der Bodenlebewesen einschließlich der Regenwürmer, ist frei von künstlichen Zusätzen, verbessert die Bodenstruktur direkt durch die Lockerung schwerer Böden und indirekt durch eine Begünstigung einer Erzeugung bakteriel1er Klebstoffe, wodurch Feinpartikel zu Krümein verbunden werden, und erhöht außerdem ebenso wie die Kieselsäure die Wasserkapazität des Bodens durch direkte Bindung von Wasser an die organische Substanz oder indirekt durch Strukturverbesserung. Außerdem wird die Durchlüftung des Bodens verbessert, da eine gute Krümelstruktur größere Poren bedingt, so daß eine bessere Sauerstoffzufuhr zu den Wurzeln und ein problemloses Entweichen von Kohlendioxid aus dem Wurzelraum möglich ist. Ferner sind Huminsäure bzw. ihre Salze dazu in der Lage Nährstoffe an ihrer Oberfläche in austauschbarer Form zu speichern, was vor allem für tonarme Böden wichtig ist. Außerdem sorgen Huminsäure sowie die erwähnten Polykieselsäure durch ihre Wasserkapazität dafür, daß die Böden Trockenperioden ohne Schaden überdauern können.The dolomite is preferably used in a particle size of up to 0.5 mm and should have a minimum magnesium carbonate content of 40% by weight. It is mainly used for gentle buffering of acidified soils and for long-term supply with calcium and magnesium. Humic acids or their salts, such as potassium or sodium salts, serve as growth substances and soil improvers for structurally weak soils or soils with low exchange. Humic acid promotes the activity of soil organisms, including earthworms, is free from artificial additives, improves the soil structure directly by loosening heavy soils and indirectly by favoring the production of bacterial adhesives, which bind fine particles to crumbs, and, like silica, also increases it Soil water capacity through direct binding of water to the organic substance or indirectly through structural improvement. In addition, the aeration of the soil is improved, since a good crumb structure causes larger pores, so that a better oxygen supply to the roots and a problem-free escape of carbon dioxide from the root area is possible. Humic acid and its salts are also able to store nutrients on their surface in an exchangeable form, which is particularly important for low-clay soils. In addition, due to their water capacity, humic acid and the aforementioned polysilicic acid ensure that the soil can survive dry periods without damage.
Als Wuchsestoffe seien beispielsweise Kinetin (6-Furfurylaminopurin) erwähnt. Diese Wuchsstoffe beheben Feinstoffwechselstörungen insbesondere bei Bäumen. Kinetin, das der Familie der Kinine angehört, ist eine der wichtigsten Schlüsselsubstanzen in der Zellbiologie der Pflanzen. Es ist thermisch stabil (F. 269 bis 271°C) und eignet sich daher sehr gut zur Herstellung der erfindungsgemäßen Granu- late. Es fördert insbesondere auch die Feinbewurzelung von Bäumen sowie die Stecklingsbewurzelung, was bei der Durchführung von Wiederauf fors tungsprogrammen von Bedeutung ist.Kinetin (6-furfurylaminopurine) may be mentioned as growth substances. These growth substances remedy metabolic disorders, especially in trees. Kinetin, which belongs to the kinine family, is one of the most important key substances in the cell biology of plants. It is thermally stable (F. 269 to 271 ° C) and is therefore very suitable for producing the granules according to the invention. late. In particular, it promotes fine rooting of trees and rooting of cuttings, which is important when carrying out reforestation programs.
Kinetin kann insbesondere in Kombination mit Indolessig- säure eingesetzt werden, die ein Wachstumsbeschleuniger ist, und fördert in dieser Kombination ein langsames, d.h. nicht zu schnelles, Wachstum und begünstigt die Stoffwechsel- bedingungen, wodurch Nährs toffverlus te und eine vorzeitige Erschöpfung der Nutzpflanzen, wie Bäume, verhindert wird.Kinetin can be used especially in combination with indole acetic acid, which is a growth accelerator, and in this combination promotes a slow, i.e. does not grow too quickly and favors the metabolic conditions, thereby preventing nutrient loss and premature exhaustion of crops such as trees.
Außerdem fördert Kinetin die Pflanzenzellteilung und verhindert eine vorzeitige Alterung von Pflanzcnteilen und verbessert die Verlagerung von Fotosyntheseprodukten aus den Blättern und Nadeln in die Reserveorgane.Kinetin also promotes plant cell division and prevents premature aging of plant parts and improves the transfer of photosynthetic products from the leaves and needles to the reserve organs.
Im allgemeinen genügen sehr geringe Mengen an Kinetin, um den Bäumen ohne Beschädigung langfristig ihre gesunde Wechselstoffunktion wieder zurückzugeben. Insbesondere wird diese Wirkung dann erzielt, wenn Kinetin in einem komplexen Verbund von Stoffen, wie Polykieselsäure und Zuckern eingelagert ist, sowie dies beim Einsatz der erfindungsgemäßen Granulate möglich ist. Als Phosphate werden insbesondere Kaliumphosphat, vorzugsweise Tetrakalium- pyrophosphat, eingesetzt, um die Böden mit den Nährelementen Kalium und Phosphor zu versorgen. Damit diese Elemente nicht aus dem Boden ausgewaschen werden und ihre Mobilität gebremst wird, ist es ebenfalls zweckmäßig, wenn diese Phosphate von der Polykieselsäure fest- gehalten und nur langsam freigesetzt werden. Außerdem erleichtern die Phosphate die Verflüssigung der Sprühmasse und ermöglichen damit ein einfaches Aufsprühen auf die heißen porösen Teilchen.In general, very small amounts of kinetin are sufficient to return the trees to their healthy metabolic function without damage in the long term. This effect is achieved in particular when kinetin is embedded in a complex composite of substances such as polysilicic acid and sugars, and this is possible when using the granules according to the invention. In particular, potassium phosphate, preferably tetrapotassium pyrophosphate, is used as the phosphate in order to supply the soil with the nutrient elements potassium and phosphorus. So that these elements are not washed out of the ground and their mobility is slowed down, it is also expedient if these phosphates are held by the polysilicic acid and released only slowly. In addition, the phosphates facilitate the liquefaction of the spray compound and thus enable easy spraying onto the hot porous particles.
Melasse, d.h. Zuckermelasse, enthält neben Betain, Dextrin, Milchsäure und Aminosäuren noch etwa 50 % Zucker und ist daher außerordentlich stickstoffreich. Sie übt eine bio- katalytische Funktion insbesondere im Zusammenhang mitMolasses, ie sugar molasses, contains about 50% sugar in addition to betaine, dextrin, lactic acid and amino acids and is therefore extremely nitrogen-rich. She practices a bio catalytic function especially related to
Spurenelementen aus, wobei ferner die komplexierende Wirkung des Zuckers sowie seine gute Verträglichkeit mit Wasserglas und ihre Nährstoffunktion für niedere Tiere und Pilze zu erwähnen sind.Trace elements, whereby the complexing effect of the sugar as well as its good compatibility with water glass and its nutrient function for lower animals and mushrooms should be mentioned.
Als komplexierte Spurenelemente kommen insbesondere Kupfer, Eisen, Mangan, Magnesium, Zink, Kobalt, Bor und Molybdän in Frage, die in austauschbarer Form bei der Boden- und Blattapplikation zur Verfügung stehen. AlsCopper, iron, manganese, magnesium, zinc, cobalt, boron and molybdenum, in particular, are possible as complexed trace elements, which are available in exchangeable form for the application of soil and leaves. As
Komplexbildner kommen insbesondere Ethylendiamintetra- essigsäure (EDTA) für diese Spurenelemente in Frage, deren Mobilität ebenfalls durch die in den erfindungsgemäßen Granulaten vorliegende Polykieselsäure gebremst werden kann, da auch die Spurenelemente nur langsam und in dosierter Form freigesetzt werden sollen. Spurenelemente sind deshalb wichtig, da sie in übersäuerten Böden durch Auswaschung verloren gegangen sind bzw. bei einer Kalkung von Böden-unter Einsatz von beispieIsweise Hüttenkalken, die einen hohen Kalziumoxidanteil aufweisen, immobilisiert werden und damit nicht mehr für die Pflanzen zur Verfügung stehen.Complexing agents are in particular ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) for these trace elements, the mobility of which can also be slowed down by the polysilicic acid present in the granules according to the invention, since the trace elements are also to be released only slowly and in metered form. Trace elements are important because they have been lost in over-acidified soils due to leaching or when liming soils using, for example, cottage limes, which have a high calcium oxide content, are immobilized and are therefore no longer available for the plants.
Eine weitere Komponente, die auf die erfindungsgemäß her- gestellten Granulate aufgebracht werden kann, besteht aus gemeinsam ausgefällter Kieselsäure und Magnesiumcarbonat. Diese Stoffe üben neben dem Trocknungseffekt noch die weiter oben geschilderten Wirkungen aus und verhindern insbesondere ein Auswaschen der Wirk- und Nährstoffe.Another component that can be applied to the granules produced according to the invention consists of co-precipitated silica and magnesium carbonate. In addition to the drying effect, these substances also exert the effects described above and in particular prevent washing out of the active ingredients and nutrients.
Auf die nach dem erfindungsgemäßen Vorfahren hergestellten Granulate kann in noch feuchter Form auch, eine Kombination aus zusätzlichen Wirkstoffen in Form eines Granulats aufgebracht werden. Beispielsweise kann man ein Gemisch aus Wasserglas, Huminsäure (oder deren Salzen), Melasse,A combination of additional active substances in the form of granules can also be applied to the granules produced by the ancestor according to the invention in still moist form. For example, a mixture of water glass, humic acid (or its salts), molasses,
Wuchsstoffen, beispielsweise Kinetin, und Kaliumphosphat nach einem Sprühverfahren zu einem festen rieselfähigen Granulat schonend verdampfen, worauf dieses Granulat auf die noch feuchten erfindungsgemäß hergestellten Granulate aufgebracht wird und sich nach dem Trocknen fest mit diesen verbindet.Growth substances, for example kinetin, and potassium phosphate evaporate gently by spraying to a solid, free-flowing granulate, whereupon these granules are applied to the still moist granules produced according to the invention and, after drying, firmly bond to them.
Bezogen auf die porösen Teilchen, welche das Gerüst der erfindungsgemäßen Granulate bilden, werden diese zusätzlichen Substanzen vorzugsweise in folgenden Mengenbereichen eingesetzt:Based on the porous particles that form the framework of the granules according to the invention, these additional substances are preferably used in the following quantitative ranges:
1. Dolomit 50 bis 1000 Gew. -%1. Dolomite 50 to 1000% by weight
2. Huminsäure 0,2 bis 0,3 Gew.-%2. Humic acid 0.2 to 0.3% by weight
3. Wuchsstoffe 0,005 bis 0,007 Gew.-% 4. Phosphate 1,9 bis 2,5 Gew.-%3. growth substances 0.005 to 0.007% by weight 4.phosphates 1.9 to 2.5% by weight
5. Melasse 0,8 bis 1 Gew.-%5. Molasses 0.8 to 1% by weight
6. komplexierte Spurenelemente 0,3 bis 0,4 Gew.-%6. complexed trace elements 0.3 to 0.4% by weight
7. gemeinsam ausgefällte Kieselsäure 4,5 bis 7 Gew.-%7. Commonly precipitated silica 4.5 to 7 wt .-%
8. Magnesiumcarbonat 2 bis 3,5 Gew.-%.8. Magnesium carbonate 2 to 3.5% by weight.
Das folgende Beispiel erläutert die ErfindungThe following example illustrates the invention
Aus einem Ofen, in dem eine Expandierung bei einer Temperatur von 1000°C durchgeführt wurde, kommendes noch heißes (ca. 750°C) Perlite mit einer Körnung von 0,5 bis 3 mm wird in einer Menge von 350 kg (ca. 4000 1) in einem Zwangsmischer vorgelegt, der mit einem Temperarurfühler versehen ist.From a furnace in which expansion was carried out at a temperature of 1000 ° C, still hot (approx. 750 ° C) perlite with a grain size of 0.5 to 3 mm is in an amount of 350 kg (approx. 4000 1) submitted in a compulsory mixer, which is provided with a temperature sensor.
Auf dieses heißes Perlite wird unter schnellem Rühren mittels Sprühdüsen oder Rohrschlitzdruckberegnern eine konzentrierte Kailumwasserglaslösung mit einem Feststoffanteil von 25 Gew.-% in einer Menge von 600 kg (ca. 4801) aufgesprüht.A concentrated cauliflower glass solution with a solids content of 25% by weight in an amount of 600 kg (approx. 4801) is sprayed onto this hot perlite with rapid stirring using spray nozzles or pipe slot pressure sprinklers.
Der bei der Koagulation und dem Abkühlen auftretende Wasserdampf wird mittels Vakuum abgesaugt, so daß eine unerwünschte Kondensatrückführung verhindert wird. Anschließend wird Dolomitmehl (Schüttgewicht etwaThe water vapor that occurs during coagulation and cooling is sucked off by means of a vacuum, so that undesired condensate return is prevented. Then dolomite flour (bulk density approx
1,3g/cm3) mit einer Teilchengröße von 0,005mm bis 0,5mm in einer Menge von 2000kg unter kräftigem Rühren zugemischt, bis das Gemisch auf ca.250 bis 265°C abgekühlt wird.1.3g / cm 3 ) with a particle size of 0.005mm to 0.5mm in a quantity of 2000kg mixed in with vigorous stirring until the mixture is cooled to approx. 250 to 265 ° C.
Anschließend wird unter langsamerem Rühren ein vorbereitetes Gemisch aus 200 kg Wasserglas, 15 kg Huminsäure, 90 kg Kaliumphosphat, 45 kg Melasse und 10 g Wuchsstoffen aufgesprüht, wodurch der Dolomit noch besser in das Granulat eingebunden wird. Dieser Sprühgang wird erst dann gestartet, wenn eine Temperatur des Granulats von 260°C unterschritten worden ist.Then, with slow stirring, a prepared mixture of 200 kg water glass, 15 kg humic acid, 90 kg potassium phosphate, 45 kg molasses and 10 g growth substances is sprayed on, as a result of which the dolomite is better integrated into the granulate. This spray cycle is only started when the temperature of the granules has dropped below 260 ° C.
Anschließend wird bei stehenden Rührwerk ein Gemisch aus 70 kg Magnesiumcarbonat und 45 kg Kieselsäure zugesetzt, worauf sich ein Zusatz von 12 kg mit Ethylendiamintetraessigsäure gebundener Spurenelemente (Mangan, Magnesium, Zink, Kobalt, Bor, Molybdän, Kupfer, Eisen) anschließt. Dann wird die Mischung langsam verrührt bei einer Tempe- ratur von 100°C. Das erhaltene rieselfähige Produkt wird verpackt und in Mengen von 1,5 bis 3 Tonnen pro Hektar Bodenfläche ausgestreut und besitzt eine Wirkungsdauer von mindestens 10 Jahren. A mixture of 70 kg of magnesium carbonate and 45 kg of silica is then added with the stirrer upright, followed by the addition of 12 kg of trace elements (manganese, magnesium, zinc, cobalt, boron, molybdenum, copper, iron) bound with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid. Then the mixture is slowly stirred at a temperature of 100 ° C. The free-flowing product obtained is packaged and spread in quantities of 1.5 to 3 tons per hectare of soil and has a duration of action of at least 10 years.

Claims

P a t e n t a n s p r ü c h e :P a t e n t a n s r u c h e:
1. Verfahren zur Herstellung eines granulatförmigen Bodenverbesserungsmitteis durch Behandeln von Teilchen aus einem porösen Material mit einer Wasserglaslösung,1. A process for producing a granular soil conditioner by treating particles of a porous material with a water glass solution,
d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, daß man auf heiße Teilchen aus dem porösen Material die Wasserglaslösung aufsprüht.d a d u r c h g e k e n n e e c i n t that the water glass solution is sprayed onto hot particles from the porous material.
2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, daß man als poröses Material ein anorganisches Material einsetzt.2. The method of claim 1, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t that one uses an inorganic material as the porous material.
3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 2, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, daß das anorganische Material vor dem Aufsprühen der Wasserglaslösung durch thermische Vorbehandlung expandiert worden ist.3. The method according to claim 2, that the inorganic material has been expanded by thermal pretreatment before the water glass solution is sprayed on.
4. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, daß man je 100 1 anorganischem Material eine konzentrierte Wasserglaslösung in einer Menge von 10 bis 22 1 aufsprüht. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, daß man die Wasserglas lösung auf Teilchen einer Temperatur von 400 bis 750°C aufsprüht.4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that a concentrated water glass solution is sprayed in an amount of 10 to 22 1 per 100 1 inorganic material. Method according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the water glass solution is sprayed onto particles at a temperature of 400 to 750 ° C.
Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, daß das anorganische Material mit weiteren revitalisierenden Substanzen beladen wird, wobei dieseMethod according to one of claims 1 to 5, so that the inorganic material is loaded with further revitalizing substances, these being
6.1. für den Fall, daß es sich um temperaturempfindliche Substanzen handelt, nach dem Abkühlen der mit Wasserglas besprühten heißen Teilchen aufgebracht, insbesondere aufgesprüht werden, und6.1. in the event that it is temperature-sensitive substances, applied after the cooling of the hot particles sprayed with water glass, in particular sprayed on, and
6.2. für den Fall, daß es sich um weitgehend temperaturunempfindliche Substanzen handelt, diese zusammen mit der Wasserglaslösung als getrennte Lösung, Pulver oder Granulat, getrennt oder in der Wasser- glas lösung dispergiert, aufgebracht, insbesondere aufgesprüht werden.6.2. in the event that the substances are largely insensitive to temperature, these are applied, in particular sprayed on, together with the water glass solution as a separate solution, powder or granulate, separately or dispersed in the water glass solution.
7. Verfahren nach Anspruch 6, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, daß als revitalisierende Substanzen Dolomit, Phosphate, Huminsäuren, Wuchsstoffe, Melasse und/oder gemeinsam gefällte Kieselsäure und Magnesiumcarbonat zugegeben werden.7. The method of claim 6, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t that dolomite, phosphates, humic acids, growth substances, molasses and / or co-precipitated silica and magnesium carbonate are added as revitalizing substances.
8. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, daß komplexierte Spurenelemente wie Kupfer, Eisen, Mangan, Magnesium, Zink, Kobalt, Bor und/oder Molybdän zugegeben werden. 8. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that complexed trace elements such as copper, iron, manganese, magnesium, zinc, cobalt, boron and / or molybdenum are added.
9. Verfahren nach Anspruch 8, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, daß als Komplexbildner Äthylendiamintetraessigsäure (EDTA) verwendet wird.9. The method according to claim 8, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t that ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) is used as a complexing agent.
10. Verwendung eines nach einem dor Ansprüche 1 bis 9 hergestellten Bodenverbesserungsmitteis zur Revitalisierung von umweltgeschädigten Böden, insbesondere von Waldböden. 10. Use of a soil improvement agent prepared according to a dor claims 1 to 9 for the revitalization of environmentally damaged soils, in particular forest soils.
PCT/DE1988/000365 1987-06-25 1988-06-16 Process for producing a granular soil conditioner WO1988010246A1 (en)

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Cited By (4)

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EP0619359A2 (en) * 1993-04-08 1994-10-12 Otavi Minen Ag Soil conditioner as well as method of its preparation
GB2297547A (en) * 1995-02-02 1996-08-07 Robert Irvine A plant growth support medium
AT407154B (en) * 1994-10-13 2001-01-25 Kandler Ewald INSULATING AND COMPENSATING BULK DIMENSIONS, ESPECIALLY FOR SLOPE INSULATION ON FLAT ROOFS
EP1296555A2 (en) * 2000-07-03 2003-04-02 NFT Industries, LLC Controlled release agricultural products and processes for making same

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NL8801459A (en) * 1987-06-25 1989-01-16 Perlite Gmbh SPREADING FOR SOIL IMPROVEMENT.

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EP0619359A2 (en) * 1993-04-08 1994-10-12 Otavi Minen Ag Soil conditioner as well as method of its preparation
EP0619359A3 (en) * 1993-04-08 1995-02-15 Otavi Minen Ag Soil conditioner as well as method of its preparation.
AT407154B (en) * 1994-10-13 2001-01-25 Kandler Ewald INSULATING AND COMPENSATING BULK DIMENSIONS, ESPECIALLY FOR SLOPE INSULATION ON FLAT ROOFS
GB2297547A (en) * 1995-02-02 1996-08-07 Robert Irvine A plant growth support medium
GB2297547B (en) * 1995-02-02 1999-01-06 Robert Irvine A plant growth support medium
EP1296555A2 (en) * 2000-07-03 2003-04-02 NFT Industries, LLC Controlled release agricultural products and processes for making same
EP1296555A4 (en) * 2000-07-03 2004-04-28 Nft Ind Llc Controlled release agricultural products and processes for making same

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