WO1988009206A1 - Means for preparing a solution of a gaseous solute in a liquid solvent - Google Patents

Means for preparing a solution of a gaseous solute in a liquid solvent Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1988009206A1
WO1988009206A1 PCT/AU1988/000147 AU8800147W WO8809206A1 WO 1988009206 A1 WO1988009206 A1 WO 1988009206A1 AU 8800147 W AU8800147 W AU 8800147W WO 8809206 A1 WO8809206 A1 WO 8809206A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
chamber
solute
solvent
operative
valve
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/AU1988/000147
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Donald James Catchpoole
Original Assignee
The Commonwealth Industrial Gases Limited
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by The Commonwealth Industrial Gases Limited filed Critical The Commonwealth Industrial Gases Limited
Publication of WO1988009206A1 publication Critical patent/WO1988009206A1/en

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F23/00—Mixing according to the phases to be mixed, e.g. dispersing or emulsifying
    • B01F23/20—Mixing gases with liquids
    • B01F23/23—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids
    • B01F23/237—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids characterised by the physical or chemical properties of gases or vapours introduced in the liquid media
    • B01F23/2376—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids characterised by the physical or chemical properties of gases or vapours introduced in the liquid media characterised by the gas being introduced
    • B01F23/23766—Sulphur containing gas
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B17/00—Sulfur; Compounds thereof
    • C01B17/48—Sulfur dioxide; Sulfurous acid
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F23/00—Mixing according to the phases to be mixed, e.g. dispersing or emulsifying
    • B01F23/20—Mixing gases with liquids
    • B01F23/23—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids
    • B01F23/234—Surface aerating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F23/00—Mixing according to the phases to be mixed, e.g. dispersing or emulsifying
    • B01F23/20—Mixing gases with liquids
    • B01F23/23—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids
    • B01F23/234—Surface aerating
    • B01F23/2341—Surface aerating by cascading, spraying or projecting a liquid into a gaseous atmosphere
    • B01F23/23413—Surface aerating by cascading, spraying or projecting a liquid into a gaseous atmosphere using nozzles for projecting the liquid into the gas atmosphere
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/68—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by addition of specified substances, e.g. trace elements, for ameliorating potable water
    • C02F1/685—Devices for dosing the additives
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F23/00—Mixing according to the phases to be mixed, e.g. dispersing or emulsifying
    • B01F23/20—Mixing gases with liquids
    • B01F23/23—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids
    • B01F23/237—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids characterised by the physical or chemical properties of gases or vapours introduced in the liquid media
    • B01F23/2376—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids characterised by the physical or chemical properties of gases or vapours introduced in the liquid media characterised by the gas being introduced

Definitions

  • This invention relates to the production of solutions of a gaseous solute in a liquid solvent.
  • the invention was devised to produce dilute sulphurous acid (solute sulphur dioxide, solvent water) on demand for use as a disinfectant, deodouriser and/or preservative and is described hereinafter primarily with reference to that application. It will be appreciated however that it is equally applicable to the production of other solutions from appropriate solutes and solvents.
  • the invention consists in apparatus for dissolving a gaseous solute in a liquid solvent comprising an operative chamber, a lute chamber of lesser capacity than the operative chamber, a transfer duct extending from the operative chamber to the lute chamber, an outlet duct extending from the lute chamber above the outlet of the transfer duct therein to the exterior of said chamber, solvent supply means to admit solvent into the operative chamber from a pressurised solvent source, solute supply means to release solute into the operative chamber from a pressurised solute source, first valve means responsive to the liquid level in the operative chamber controlling the in-flow of solute and second valve means to control the in-flow of solvent.
  • the equilibrium concentration in the operative chamber depends on the pressure within that chamber (in particular in the head space above any accumulated solution therein) . That pressure may be determined in apparatus according to the invention by the altitude of the lute chamber relative to the operative chamber or to be more precise, the altitude of the inlet in the lute chamber of the outlet duct relative to the altitude of the liquid surface in the operative chamber.
  • Figure 1 represents a simple form of the apparatus embodying the present invention.
  • Figure 2 represents a second embodiment of the invention being an automated apparatus.
  • the first embodiment of the invention comprises an operative chamber (1) connected to a smaller lute chamber (2) via a transfer duct (3).
  • the two chambers are separated by a septum wall.
  • An outlet duct (4) extends from an open end within the lute chamber near the septum wall through the floor of the lute chamber.
  • the transfer duct (3) is in liquid tightly connected to the septum wall, and the outlet duct (4) is in liquid tightly connected to the floor of the lute chamber.
  • the roof of the operative chamber is furnished with two inlet (5,6) and one outlet port (9) structures.
  • One inlet port structure (5) comprises a spray nozzle connected externally to a pressurised source of solvent, in this instance the municipal water mains.
  • a manually operable valve (7) is provided in the external connection to enable the in-flow of solvent to be controlled.
  • the spray nozzle (5) is located centrally of the chamber roof and admits solvent as a fine, misty, low-pressure spray.
  • the other inlet port (6) is a micro-valve connected externally to a pressurized source of solute, in this instance a cylinder of liquefied sulphur dioxide.
  • a further manually operable isolating valve (8) is provided in the connection between the micro-valve and the gas cylinder.
  • micro-valve is a well known type of valve which opens and closes in response to thrust from a thrustor such as a push-rod or the like upon an operating element; it is characterised by the smallness of the movement of the thrustor needed to operate the valve.
  • the outlet port structure (9) is a manually operable, self-closing vent valve. It is preferably situated at the highest point of the roof of the operative chamber.
  • a float (10) is disposed within the operative chamber. It carries an upwardly extending push-rod (11) adapted to operate the micro-valve (6). The float (10) is guided to ensure correct engagement of the micro-valve (6) by the push rod (11).
  • the embodiment depicted in Figure 2 comprises an operating chamber (1) attached to a smaller lute chamber (2) via a transfer duct (3) . Above the level of the transfer duct (3) is an outlet (4) extending from the lute chamber (2) .
  • a solvent inlet (5) supplies solvent to the operating chamber (1) and a solute inlet (6) supplies solute. Both inlets may contain pressure sensitive valves (7,8).
  • the operating chamber further contains an air purge valve (9) in its roof, and a float (10) attached via a push rod (11) to the micro-valve (6).
  • the solute inlet lines attached to the inlet (6) may also contain shut off valves (12,13).
  • the solvent inlet (5) preferably further also contains a pressure control valve (14).
  • the solute inlet line and solvent inlet may be interconnected by a gas operated diaphragm valve (15) .
  • vent valve (9) is then allowed to close and the outlet duct (4) unblocked. Air will then bubble in through the outlet duct (4), and water will flow from the lute chamber (2) until an air filled head space is established in that chamber above the inlet end of the outlet duct (4). Thereafter there is a slow flow of water through the apparatus due to water issuing from the drowned spray nozzle.
  • the float (10) is at this stage holding the micro-valve (6) open and the isolating valve at the gas cylinder may be manually opened.
  • solute gas there is an immediate inrush of solute gas which expels water from the apparatus to create a head space in the operating chamber (1) and expose the spray nozzle (7). This also causes the float (10) to fall and may allow the micro-valve (6) to close.
  • the pressure in the head space in the lute chamber is atmospheric.
  • the pressure in the head space in the operative chamber equals the equilibrium vapour pressure of the solution and is less than atmospheric by an amount equal to the head of liquid in the operative chamber above the liquid level in the lute chamber.
  • the liquid level in the lute chamber is determined by the level in the operative chamber at which the float operates the micro-valve.
  • concentration of the solution produced is determined by the effective length of the push-rod or other thrustors.
  • the equilibrium vapour pressure needed is super-atmospheric.
  • the lute chamber may be positioned beside or above the operative chamber to provide a positive head space pressure therein.
  • the solvent inlet line is fitted with a pressure control valve (14) which acts to keep the pressure of the solvent constant at the diaphragm valve (15). Should the pressure of the solute inlet line be sufficiently increased, the diaphragm valve acts to prevent the flow of solvent in the solvent line.
  • the diaphragm valve acts to open the solvent line, thus ensuring that no solute is dispensed into the operative chamber without sufficient solvent.

Abstract

The present invention is an apparatus suitable for dissolving a gaseous solute in a liquid solvent. The apparatus consists of an operative chamber (1), the interior of which is attached via a transfer duct (3) to a lute chamber (2) of lesser capacity than the operative chamber (1). An outlet duct (4) extends from within the lute chamber (2) at a point above the outlet of the transfer duct (3) to the exterior of the lute chamber (2). A solvent supply inlet (5) and a solute supply (6) are connected to the operative chamber (1) and pressurised solvent and solute sources. Both inlets (5, 6) are fitted with valves (7, 8) to control the in-flow of solvent and solute.

Description

MEANS FOR PREPARING A SOLUTION OF A GASEOUS SOLUTE IN A
LIQUID SOLVENT
This invention relates to the production of solutions of a gaseous solute in a liquid solvent.
BACKGROUND
The invention was devised to produce dilute sulphurous acid (solute sulphur dioxide, solvent water) on demand for use as a disinfectant, deodouriser and/or preservative and is described hereinafter primarily with reference to that application. It will be appreciated however that it is equally applicable to the production of other solutions from appropriate solutes and solvents.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The invention consists in apparatus for dissolving a gaseous solute in a liquid solvent comprising an operative chamber, a lute chamber of lesser capacity than the operative chamber, a transfer duct extending from the operative chamber to the lute chamber, an outlet duct extending from the lute chamber above the outlet of the transfer duct therein to the exterior of said chamber, solvent supply means to admit solvent into the operative chamber from a pressurised solvent source, solute supply means to release solute into the operative chamber from a pressurised solute source, first valve means responsive to the liquid level in the operative chamber controlling the in-flow of solute and second valve means to control the in-flow of solvent.
When a gaseous solute is dissolved in a liquid solvent the resultant solution exhibits a vapour pressure which varies (for any particular combination of solute and solvent) in accordance with the concentration of the solution.
Thus the equilibrium concentration in the operative chamber depends on the pressure within that chamber (in particular in the head space above any accumulated solution therein) . That pressure may be determined in apparatus according to the invention by the altitude of the lute chamber relative to the operative chamber or to be more precise, the altitude of the inlet in the lute chamber of the outlet duct relative to the altitude of the liquid surface in the operative chamber.
Thus the physical parameters of the apparatus determine the concentration of the solution produced. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
By way of example, embodiments of the invention are described in more detail hereinafter. Figure 1 represents a simple form of the apparatus embodying the present invention.
Figure 2 represents a second embodiment of the invention being an automated apparatus.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
As shown in Figure 1, the first embodiment of the invention comprises an operative chamber (1) connected to a smaller lute chamber (2) via a transfer duct (3). In this embodiment the two chambers are separated by a septum wall.
An outlet duct (4) extends from an open end within the lute chamber near the septum wall through the floor of the lute chamber.
The transfer duct (3) is in liquid tightly connected to the septum wall, and the outlet duct (4) is in liquid tightly connected to the floor of the lute chamber.
The roof of the operative chamber is furnished with two inlet (5,6) and one outlet port (9) structures.
One inlet port structure (5) comprises a spray nozzle connected externally to a pressurised source of solvent, in this instance the municipal water mains. A manually operable valve (7) is provided in the external connection to enable the in-flow of solvent to be controlled.
For preference the spray nozzle (5) is located centrally of the chamber roof and admits solvent as a fine, misty, low-pressure spray.
The other inlet port (6) is a micro-valve connected externally to a pressurized source of solute, in this instance a cylinder of liquefied sulphur dioxide. For preference a further manually operable isolating valve (8) is provided in the connection between the micro-valve and the gas cylinder.
The "micro-valve" is a well known type of valve which opens and closes in response to thrust from a thrustor such as a push-rod or the like upon an operating element; it is characterised by the smallness of the movement of the thrustor needed to operate the valve.
The outlet port structure (9) is a manually operable, self-closing vent valve. It is preferably situated at the highest point of the roof of the operative chamber.
A float (10) is disposed within the operative chamber. It carries an upwardly extending push-rod (11) adapted to operate the micro-valve (6). The float (10) is guided to ensure correct engagement of the micro-valve (6) by the push rod (11).
The embodiment depicted in Figure 2 comprises an operating chamber (1) attached to a smaller lute chamber (2) via a transfer duct (3) . Above the level of the transfer duct (3) is an outlet (4) extending from the lute chamber (2) . A solvent inlet (5) supplies solvent to the operating chamber (1) and a solute inlet (6) supplies solute. Both inlets may contain pressure sensitive valves (7,8). The operating chamber further contains an air purge valve (9) in its roof, and a float (10) attached via a push rod (11) to the micro-valve (6). The solute inlet lines attached to the inlet (6) may also contain shut off valves (12,13). The solvent inlet (5), preferably further also contains a pressure control valve (14). The solute inlet line and solvent inlet may be interconnected by a gas operated diaphragm valve (15) .
BEST METHOD OF PERFORMING THE INVENTION The operation of the apparatus may now be described. At initial start-up water is admitted to the operative chamber (1), with the outlet duct (4) temporarily blocked and the vent valve (9) open, until the apparatus is full of water and all air has been excluded.
The vent valve (9) is then allowed to close and the outlet duct (4) unblocked. Air will then bubble in through the outlet duct (4), and water will flow from the lute chamber (2) until an air filled head space is established in that chamber above the inlet end of the outlet duct (4). Thereafter there is a slow flow of water through the apparatus due to water issuing from the drowned spray nozzle.
The float (10) is at this stage holding the micro-valve (6) open and the isolating valve at the gas cylinder may be manually opened.
There is an immediate inrush of solute gas which expels water from the apparatus to create a head space in the operating chamber (1) and expose the spray nozzle (7). This also causes the float (10) to fall and may allow the micro-valve (6) to close.
However very shortly thereafter the dissolving of the solute in the water reduces pressure in the operative chamber (1) and water is sucked back from the lute chamber (2). This causes the float (10) to rise and opens the micro-valve (6) to admit more solute.
After a brief settling down period a substantially "steady state" condition is reached with both chambers having solution of required concentration therein and a steady flow from the lute chamber via the outlet duct equating with the in-flow of water via the spray nozzle. In the steady state condition the level in the operative chamber rises and falls regularly just enough to cause the float to open and close the micro-valve to control the in-flow of gas to suit the in-flow of water.
If the water in-flow is now halted the out-flow of solution stops almost immediately with the solution level in the operative chamber that at which the micro-valve is caused to close.
Should the water be again turned on the "steady state" condition is immediately re-established and further product flows from the apparatus. That is to say further control of the production of solution is effected merely by turning the water on or off as the case may be.
Under the steady state condition the pressure in the head space in the lute chamber is atmospheric. The pressure in the head space in the operative chamber equals the equilibrium vapour pressure of the solution and is less than atmospheric by an amount equal to the head of liquid in the operative chamber above the liquid level in the lute chamber.
The liquid level in the lute chamber is determined by the level in the operative chamber at which the float operates the micro-valve. Thus the concentration of the solution produced is determined by the effective length of the push-rod or other thrustors.
If solutions of different concentrations or different ingredients are required it may be that the equilibrium vapour pressure needed is super-atmospheric. In that event the lute chamber may be positioned beside or above the operative chamber to provide a positive head space pressure therein.
In the preferred embodiment illustrated in figure 2, the solvent inlet line is fitted with a pressure control valve (14) which acts to keep the pressure of the solvent constant at the diaphragm valve (15). Should the pressure of the solute inlet line be sufficiently increased, the diaphragm valve acts to prevent the flow of solvent in the solvent line.
Conversely, when the solute pressure decreases, the diaphragm valve acts to open the solvent line, thus ensuring that no solute is dispensed into the operative chamber without sufficient solvent.
In operation, as the fluid level in the operative chamber (1) rises, the float (10) rises and closes the inlet valve (6). Pressure rises in the solute inlet line thus closing the diaphragm valve and closing the solvent inlet. As the level in the operative chamber
(1) drops, the float (10) descends, opening the valve
(6) and allowing solute to flow through the solute lines. The pressure reduces, opening the diaphragm valve (15), thus opening the solvent line.

Claims

CLAIMS : -
1. An apparatus for dissolving a gaseous solute in a liquid solvent comprising an operative chamber, a lute chamber of lesser capacity than the operative chamber, a transfer duct extending from the operative chamber to the lute chamber, an outlet duct extending from the lute chamber above the outlet of the tranfer duct therein to the exterior of said chamber, solvent supply means to admit solvent source, solute supply means to release solute into the operative chamber from a pressurised solute source, first valve means responsive to the liquid level in the operative chamber which valve means controls the in-flow of solute and second valve means to control the in-flow of solvent.
2. An apparatus according to claim 1 wherein the solvent supply means comprises a spray nozzle approximately centrally located in the roof of the operative chamber.
3. An apparatus according to either one of claims 1 or 2 wherein the first valve means comprises a float in the operative chamber attached via a push-rod to a micro-valve such that increases in liquid level in the operative chamber open the micro-valve.
4. An apparatus according to any one of the preceeding claims wherein the roof of the operative chamber further contains a manually operable outlet port.
5. An apparatus according to any one of the preceeding claims wherein the solute inlet line and the solvent inlet line are interconnected by a gas operated diaphragm valve.
PCT/AU1988/000147 1987-05-19 1988-05-18 Means for preparing a solution of a gaseous solute in a liquid solvent WO1988009206A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU201087 1987-05-19
AUPI2010 1987-05-19

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1988009206A1 true WO1988009206A1 (en) 1988-12-01

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PCT/AU1988/000147 WO1988009206A1 (en) 1987-05-19 1988-05-18 Means for preparing a solution of a gaseous solute in a liquid solvent

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2686805A1 (en) * 1992-02-04 1993-08-06 Kodak Pathe DEVICE FOR DISSOLVING GASEOUS BUBBLES CONTAINED IN A LIQUID COMPOSITION USED IN PARTICULAR FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PRODUCTS.

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4216089A (en) * 1977-05-19 1980-08-05 Water Research Centre Waste water treatment
US4275020A (en) * 1978-09-20 1981-06-23 Envirotech Corporation Gas-liquid dissolving tank
US4636337A (en) * 1983-06-15 1987-01-13 The Coca-Cola Company Apparatus for rapid carbonation

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4216089A (en) * 1977-05-19 1980-08-05 Water Research Centre Waste water treatment
US4275020A (en) * 1978-09-20 1981-06-23 Envirotech Corporation Gas-liquid dissolving tank
US4636337A (en) * 1983-06-15 1987-01-13 The Coca-Cola Company Apparatus for rapid carbonation

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2686805A1 (en) * 1992-02-04 1993-08-06 Kodak Pathe DEVICE FOR DISSOLVING GASEOUS BUBBLES CONTAINED IN A LIQUID COMPOSITION USED IN PARTICULAR FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PRODUCTS.
EP0555162A1 (en) * 1992-02-04 1993-08-11 Eastman Kodak Company Device enabling gas bubbles contained in a liquid composition to be dissolved
US5373212A (en) * 1992-02-04 1994-12-13 Eastman Kodak Company Device enabling gas bubbles contained in a liquid composition to be dissolved

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