WO1988004072A1 - Electronic control circuit for dynamo-driven cycle lightings or other small current-consuming devices - Google Patents

Electronic control circuit for dynamo-driven cycle lightings or other small current-consuming devices Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1988004072A1
WO1988004072A1 PCT/SE1987/000533 SE8700533W WO8804072A1 WO 1988004072 A1 WO1988004072 A1 WO 1988004072A1 SE 8700533 W SE8700533 W SE 8700533W WO 8804072 A1 WO8804072 A1 WO 8804072A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
generator
current
voltage
regulator
circuit
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/SE1987/000533
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Christer Vahlberg
Odd Hielm
Original Assignee
Ve-Hå Construction Ab
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Ve-Hå Construction Ab filed Critical Ve-Hå Construction Ab
Publication of WO1988004072A1 publication Critical patent/WO1988004072A1/en

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05F—SYSTEMS FOR REGULATING ELECTRIC OR MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G05F1/00—Automatic systems in which deviations of an electric quantity from one or more predetermined values are detected at the output of the system and fed back to a device within the system to restore the detected quantity to its predetermined value or values, i.e. retroactive systems
    • G05F1/10—Regulating voltage or current
    • G05F1/12—Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable actually regulated by the final control device is ac
    • G05F1/40—Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable actually regulated by the final control device is ac using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices as final control devices
    • G05F1/44—Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable actually regulated by the final control device is ac using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices as final control devices semiconductor devices only
    • G05F1/45—Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable actually regulated by the final control device is ac using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices as final control devices semiconductor devices only being controlled rectifiers in series with the load
    • G05F1/455—Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable actually regulated by the final control device is ac using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices as final control devices semiconductor devices only being controlled rectifiers in series with the load with phase control

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an electronic regulator for cycle lightings or other small current- consuming devices supplied with current by means of a dynamo.
  • Small dynamos used for supplying current to cycle- lightings and driven by a cycle wheel usually suffer from the disadvantage that the cycle lighting becomes weaker as the cycle speed decreases and is inadequately low long before the speed is zero.
  • the present invention aims at providing an elec ⁇ tronic regulator which is connected between a generator driven by mechanical or other means, such as a cycle dynamo, and a current-consuming device, and which is capable of optimally utilizing the possible capacity of the generator and permits transmission of an essen ⁇ tially constant power within a speed range sufficiently large for the task at issue.
  • Fig. 1 illustrates an example of an arrangement of an electronic regulator according to the invention
  • Fig. 2 illustrates in the form of a block diagram the circuit shown in Fig. 1
  • Fig. 3 illustrates sche ⁇ matically the interrelationship of the sinus voltage of the generator and the current passage time "t" of the regulator circuit in Fig. 1 for every positive and negative half period of constant power control.
  • G is a generator for supplying current to a current-consuming device 20 via a regulator 1.
  • the generator may be a cycle dynamo of conventional type, i.e. a generator driven by a cycle wheel, or some other small and mechanically driven generator. It is assumed below, however, that the generator is specifically a cycle dynamo for supplying current to a cycle light 20.
  • the illustrated regulator circuit 1 according to the invention is arranged as a power control circuit which is especially advantageous in that it maintains the power constant within specific speed ranges.
  • the advantages are that the cycle lighting is excellent already at low cycle speed, that overloading is avoided at high speed, and that the current-consuming device is comparatively insensitive to the voltage. For example, it is possible to use light bulbs having a specific rated power, but with rated voltages varying within relatively wide limits, for example 4-10 V, with satis ⁇ factory results as regards the luminous intensity and without causing the filament to melt.
  • the current-consuming device 20 in Fig. 1 is connect ⁇ ed between ground and the terminal B, and the generator G is connected between ground and the terminal A.
  • the control circuit 1 comprises thyristors and is controlled in a special manner. During the time tl in Fig. 3, the two thyristors Tyl, Ty2 shown in Fig. 1 are non-conductive (extinguished). The power dissipated by the current-consuming device 20 is then zero. The sinusoidal voltage supplied by the generator acts across the terminal contacts A, B, but under the conditions described above the current through the outer circuits A-G-ground and B-20-ground is zero. In the following, a positive half period will be considered first, but- the circumstances during this period are analagous to the circumstances during the next negative half period.
  • the regulator After the time tl (see Fig. 3) one thyristor is turned on, and the regulator allows current to pass through the outer circuit A-B and thus through the current- consuming device 20, i.e. the light bulb in Fig. 2.
  • the power passing to the lamp 20, for example 3 W, will be essentially constant in that it corresponds to the amount of pulse energy, which is constant and substantially independent of the speed from a specific relatively low speed and upwards, in that the ignition point "to" for each half period is moved forward or backward, depending upon the speed (the area Al has the same size as the area A2 in Fig. 3).
  • the regulator circuit in Fig. 1 comprises two voltage control circuits designated TK1 and TK2. One circuit controls the positive and the other circuit the negative half periods for the sinusoidal voltage supplied by the generator across A, B.
  • a positive voltage then acts between the terminals A and B and generates a current which is conducted through a rectifier diode D4 and through two resistors R6 , R7 to a capacitor C2.
  • a given voltage such as about 7V
  • across C2 opens the path through a unijunction transistor T3 and admits the energy stored in C2 into the gate electrode of the thyristor, the thyristor Ty2 opening and "short-circuiting", i.e. connecting, the points A, B.
  • the current now flows substantially unob- structedly to and through the current-consuming device.
  • the thyristor Ty2 is turned off again.
  • the ignition point "to" (Fig. 3) is determined by the charging of the capaci ⁇ tor C2, and the power supplied to the current-consuming device will be constant within a very large speed range of a cycle driving the generator.
  • the control circuit TK2 can operate in the same manner as TK1, but in the preferred embodiment illustra ⁇ ted the capacitor Cl of this circuit TK2 is charged with constant current from a constant current generator comprising the resistors Rl, R2, R3, the diodes Dl, D2 and the transistor Tl which here is a p-n-p transistor and which, like the resistor Rl and the series-connected diodes Dl, D2, is not included in the above-mentioned circuit TKl.
  • the reason for the above described difference be ⁇ tween the circuits TKl and TK2 is that one wishes to make maximum use of the generator power at low speeds and to dispense with some power at high speeds.
  • the circuit TK2 which operates as the constant current generator and which is highly sensitive,, con ⁇ verts each negative half period from the generator into essentially rectangular form and charges the capacitor Cl with essentially constant current during each negative half period already at very low speeds, for example already at a speed of 3-5 km/h, and ceases to operate at relatively high speeds, for example 15 km/h when the pulse frequency is so high that the constant current pulse has no time to charge the capacitor to the igni- tion voltage for T2.
  • the two cir ⁇ cuits TKl and TK2 cooperate, and after that only the circuit TKl operates which then supplies constant power by itself.
  • the two circuits TKl and TK2 thus have different operating characteristics which are selected such that the circuit is capable of supplying an essentially constant power of 3 W already at low generator speed (speed of the cycle).
  • the generator employed preferably should be a generator of the type which is disclosed in DE-A-839, 059 or ⁇ S-A-4, 349, 761 and which has a magnetic circuit which is substantially entirely closed by magnetic field-conducting material, while the remaining generator material consists substan ⁇ tially of electrical insulating material so that magnetic field losses as well as eddy current losses are held at a low level which varies so little with the generator speed that the degree of variation is negligible for the control function of the electronic regulator.
  • a combination of a generator of the above-mentioned type and a power control circuit according to the in ⁇ vention operates with remarkable low total losses, and the regulator circuit 1 which operates as a full-wave rectifying, constant power maintaining current supplier, consumes but little energy which is negligible in view of the total usefulness.
  • the regulator circuit 1 which operates as a full-wave rectifying, constant power maintaining current supplier, consumes but little energy which is negligible in view of the total usefulness.
  • Fig. 1 it should thus be noted that it makes the power supply substantially independent of the frequency and size of the alternating voltage and, thus, independent of the generator speed within a very large speed range. Furthermore, it should be noted that the regulator circuit 1, because it supplies an essentially constant power, for example 3 , makes it possible to use a 3 W lamp 20 for rated voltages other than the correct voltage which may be, for example, 6 V. Thus, light bulbs for 4, 8, 10 or 12 V may be used without incurring the risk of a fused filament or too low a light intensity, which is a great advantage in situations where light bulbs for the correct rated voltage are temporarily unobtain ⁇ able. During trial service of a cycle dynamo of a specific type which, during normal use on a cycle, supplied cur ⁇ rent to a light bulb having a rated power of 3 , the following values were obtained.
  • the lamp was no longer operated at full power at the low speed of 5 km/h, but immediately above 5 km/h and upwards, the circuit 1 supplied constant and essentially full power, in this case 3 W.
  • a battery and a battery charging circuit 50 as a supplement r 3 could constantly i .e . also at 0 km/h, be supplied to the light bulb.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Control Of Eletrric Generators (AREA)
  • Control Of Charge By Means Of Generators (AREA)
  • Circuit Arrangement For Electric Light Sources In General (AREA)

Abstract

Electronic regulator for use with a cycle dynamo (G) or the like, and the invention is characterised in that the regulator (1) comprises two parallel-connected control circuits (TK1, TK2), each comprising a rectifier (D1, D2, D3, D4, respectively), one (D1, D2, D3) of which is adapted to admit only the negative voltage pulses and the other (D4) is adapted to admit only the positive voltage pulses from the generator, and each comprising a capacitor (C1 and C2, respectively) and each one voltage-sensing and one current-admitting device (T2, Ty1 and T3, Ty2, respectively), and that the respective voltage-sensing device (T2 and T3, respectively) is adapted to sense the charging voltage across the respective capacitor (C1, and C2, respectively) generated by each negative and each positive pulse, and further adapted at a predetermined voltage threshold, to open a current passage (Ty1, Ty2, respectively) in the respective control circuit, thereby to connect the dynamo to a current-consuming device (20), and to block the passage at crossover in the regulator, such that each negative and each positive pulse from the generator admits an amount of energy substantially proportional to the length of the opening time in the respective current passage.

Description

ELECTRONIC CONTROL CIRCUIT FOR DYNAMO-DRIVEN CYCLE LIGHTINGS OR OTHER SMALL CURRENT-CONSUMING DEVICES
The present invention relates to an electronic regulator for cycle lightings or other small current- consuming devices supplied with current by means of a dynamo. Small dynamos used for supplying current to cycle- lightings and driven by a cycle wheel usually suffer from the disadvantage that the cycle lighting becomes weaker as the cycle speed decreases and is inadequately low long before the speed is zero. The present invention aims at providing an elec¬ tronic regulator which is connected between a generator driven by mechanical or other means, such as a cycle dynamo, and a current-consuming device, and which is capable of optimally utilizing the possible capacity of the generator and permits transmission of an essen¬ tially constant power within a speed range sufficiently large for the task at issue.
These objects have now been achieved by giving the regulator according to the invention the charac- teristic features stated in the claims.
The invention will be described in more detail below, reference being had to the accompanying drawings in which Fig. 1 illustrates an example of an arrangement of an electronic regulator according to the invention, Fig. 2 illustrates in the form of a block diagram the circuit shown in Fig. 1, and Fig. 3 illustrates sche¬ matically the interrelationship of the sinus voltage of the generator and the current passage time "t" of the regulator circuit in Fig. 1 for every positive and negative half period of constant power control.
In Fig. 1, G is a generator for supplying current to a current-consuming device 20 via a regulator 1. The generator may be a cycle dynamo of conventional type, i.e. a generator driven by a cycle wheel, or some other small and mechanically driven generator. It is assumed below, however, that the generator is specifically a cycle dynamo for supplying current to a cycle light 20. The illustrated regulator circuit 1 according to the invention is arranged as a power control circuit which is especially advantageous in that it maintains the power constant within specific speed ranges. The advantages are that the cycle lighting is excellent already at low cycle speed, that overloading is avoided at high speed, and that the current-consuming device is comparatively insensitive to the voltage. For example, it is possible to use light bulbs having a specific rated power, but with rated voltages varying within relatively wide limits, for example 4-10 V, with satis¬ factory results as regards the luminous intensity and without causing the filament to melt.
The current-consuming device 20 in Fig. 1 is connect¬ ed between ground and the terminal B, and the generator G is connected between ground and the terminal A.
The control circuit 1 comprises thyristors and is controlled in a special manner. During the time tl in Fig. 3, the two thyristors Tyl, Ty2 shown in Fig. 1 are non-conductive (extinguished). The power dissipated by the current-consuming device 20 is then zero. The sinusoidal voltage supplied by the generator acts across the terminal contacts A, B, but under the conditions described above the current through the outer circuits A-G-ground and B-20-ground is zero. In the following, a positive half period will be considered first, but- the circumstances during this period are analagous to the circumstances during the next negative half period.
After the time tl (see Fig. 3) one thyristor is turned on, and the regulator allows current to pass through the outer circuit A-B and thus through the current- consuming device 20, i.e. the light bulb in Fig. 2. The power passing to the lamp 20, for example 3 W, will be essentially constant in that it corresponds to the amount of pulse energy, which is constant and substantially independent of the speed from a specific relatively low speed and upwards, in that the ignition point "to" for each half period is moved forward or backward, depending upon the speed (the area Al has the same size as the area A2 in Fig. 3).
The regulator circuit in Fig. 1 comprises two voltage control circuits designated TK1 and TK2. One circuit controls the positive and the other circuit the negative half periods for the sinusoidal voltage supplied by the generator across A, B.
The course of events outlined below is considered from the moment the thyristor Ty2 in the circuit TK1 is turned off.
A positive voltage then acts between the terminals A and B and generates a current which is conducted through a rectifier diode D4 and through two resistors R6 , R7 to a capacitor C2. As a result, the voltage across the capacitor C2 is increased. A given voltage, such as about 7V, across C2 opens the path through a unijunction transistor T3 and admits the energy stored in C2 into the gate electrode of the thyristor, the thyristor Ty2 opening and "short-circuiting", i.e. connecting, the points A, B. The current now flows substantially unob- structedly to and through the current-consuming device. At subsequent crossover of the generator voltage, the thyristor Ty2 is turned off again. The ignition point "to" (Fig. 3) is determined by the charging of the capaci¬ tor C2, and the power supplied to the current-consuming device will be constant within a very large speed range of a cycle driving the generator.
The control circuit TK2 can operate in the same manner as TK1, but in the preferred embodiment illustra¬ ted the capacitor Cl of this circuit TK2 is charged with constant current from a constant current generator comprising the resistors Rl, R2, R3, the diodes Dl, D2 and the transistor Tl which here is a p-n-p transistor and which, like the resistor Rl and the series-connected diodes Dl, D2, is not included in the above-mentioned circuit TKl.
The reason for the above described difference be¬ tween the circuits TKl and TK2 is that one wishes to make maximum use of the generator power at low speeds and to dispense with some power at high speeds. The circuit TK2 which operates as the constant current generator and which is highly sensitive,, con¬ verts each negative half period from the generator into essentially rectangular form and charges the capacitor Cl with essentially constant current during each negative half period already at very low speeds, for example already at a speed of 3-5 km/h, and ceases to operate at relatively high speeds, for example 15 km/h when the pulse frequency is so high that the constant current pulse has no time to charge the capacitor to the igni- tion voltage for T2. Up to this situation, the two cir¬ cuits TKl and TK2 cooperate, and after that only the circuit TKl operates which then supplies constant power by itself.
In the case illustrated, the two circuits TKl and TK2 thus have different operating characteristics which are selected such that the circuit is capable of supplying an essentially constant power of 3 W already at low generator speed (speed of the cycle). To fully utilize the excellent control function attainable by these two cooperating control circuits TKl and TK2, the generator employed preferably should be a generator of the type which is disclosed in DE-A-839, 059 or ϋS-A-4, 349, 761 and which has a magnetic circuit which is substantially entirely closed by magnetic field-conducting material, while the remaining generator material consists substan¬ tially of electrical insulating material so that magnetic field losses as well as eddy current losses are held at a low level which varies so little with the generator speed that the degree of variation is negligible for the control function of the electronic regulator.
A combination of a generator of the above-mentioned type and a power control circuit according to the in¬ vention operates with remarkable low total losses, and the regulator circuit 1 which operates as a full-wave rectifying, constant power maintaining current supplier, consumes but little energy which is negligible in view of the total usefulness. As for the circuit shown in
Fig. 1, it should thus be noted that it makes the power supply substantially independent of the frequency and size of the alternating voltage and, thus, independent of the generator speed within a very large speed range. Furthermore, it should be noted that the regulator circuit 1, because it supplies an essentially constant power, for example 3 , makes it possible to use a 3 W lamp 20 for rated voltages other than the correct voltage which may be, for example, 6 V. Thus, light bulbs for 4, 8, 10 or 12 V may be used without incurring the risk of a fused filament or too low a light intensity, which is a great advantage in situations where light bulbs for the correct rated voltage are temporarily unobtain¬ able. During trial service of a cycle dynamo of a specific type which, during normal use on a cycle, supplied cur¬ rent to a light bulb having a rated power of 3 , the following values were obtained.
1. Speed 30 km/h
Total power 9.95 W
Lamp 3.0
Bearing losses 3.78 W
Electric losses 3.21 W
Efficiency 48 Ό
Speed 15 km/h
Total power 5.57 W Lamp 3.0 W
Bearing losses 0.71 W
Electric losses 1.86
Efficiency 61 %
3. Speed 5 km/h
Total power 2.66 W
Lamp 1.33 w
Bearing losses 0.19 w
Electric losses 1.16 w
Efficiency 50 %
As will appear from the above, the lamp was no longer operated at full power at the low speed of 5 km/h, but immediately above 5 km/h and upwards, the circuit 1 supplied constant and essentially full power, in this case 3 W. By connecting in parallel with the lamp 20 a battery and a battery charging circuit 50 as a supplement r 3 could constantly i .e . also at 0 km/h, be supplied to the light bulb.

Claims

1. An electronic regulator for connection between a current-consuming device, such as a cycle light (20), and an alternating current producing generator, such as a cycle dynamo (G), c h a r a c t e r i s e d in that said regulator (25, Fig. 3) comprises two control circuits (TKl, TK2) connected in parallel with one another to two terminals (A, B), one of which is intended to -be connected to the generator (G) and the other to the current-consuming device (20); that the two control circuits each comprise a rectifier (Dl, D2, D3 and D4, respectively), one (Dl, D2, D3) of which is adapted to permit passage of the negative voltage pulses and the other (D4) the positive voltage pulses from the generator, and each control circuit comprising a capacitor (Cl and C2 respectively) and a voltage-sensing and cur¬ rent-admitting device (T2, Tyl and T3, Ty2 respectively); and that the respective voltage-sensing device (T2 and T3, respectively) is adapted to sense the charging voltage generated by means of each negative and positive pulse, respectively, across the respective capacitor (Cl and C2, respectively) and to open, when a predetermined voltage threshold has been attained, a normally blocked current passage (Tyl and Ty2, respectively) in the res¬ pective control circuit, said passage being adapted to connect said generator (G) to said current-consuming device (20), to discharge the capacitor, and to be blocked again at crossover in said regulator, such that each negative pulse and each positive pulse from the generator admits an amount of energy substantially proportional to the length of the opening time in the respective current passage.
2. A regulator as claimed in claim 1, c h a r a c ¬ t e r i s e d in that the length of the opening times in one circuit is independent of the length of the opening time in the other circuit, and that both are dependent upon the generator speed.
3. A regulator as claimed in claim 1, c h a r a c ¬ t e r i s e d in that the voltage sensing device admitting the current in response to the voltage sensing and pro¬ vided in each of the two control circuits (TKl and TK2) comprises a voltage-controlled transistor (T2 and T3, respectively) and a thyristor (Tyl and Ty2, respectively), the gate electrode of which is connected to the thyristor output, and that the thyristor output in each circuit is connected to the terminal contact (B) to be connected to the current-consuming device (20).
4. A regulator as claimed in claims 2 and 3, c h a ¬ r a c t e r i s e d in that one control circuit (TK2) on the input side has a constant current generator (Rl, R2, R3, Dl, D2, Tl) connected to a corresponding capa¬ citor, said constant current generator being adapted to convert each pulse admitted from the generator to the capacitor into approximately rectangular form, the arrangement being such that the circuit (TK2) for each pulse, for example each negative pulse, supplies a con¬ stant amount of power within a relatively low speed range of the generator until the pulse frequency is too rapid to allow sufficient time for charging the corresponding capacitor (Cl) to the ignition voltage of the corresponding transistor/thyristor (T2, Tyl).
PCT/SE1987/000533 1986-11-17 1987-11-13 Electronic control circuit for dynamo-driven cycle lightings or other small current-consuming devices WO1988004072A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SE8604900-4 1986-11-17
SE8604900A SE457575B (en) 1986-11-17 1986-11-17 ELECTRONIC REGULATOR FOR CONNECTING BETWEEN AN AC POWER GENERATOR AND A POWER CONSUMER

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1988004072A1 true WO1988004072A1 (en) 1988-06-02

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WO (1) WO1988004072A1 (en)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8667955B2 (en) 2011-04-23 2014-03-11 Andreas Stihl Ag & Co. Kg Handheld work apparatus having a control unit for operating an electric load
US10479138B2 (en) 2017-12-12 2019-11-19 Kevin Christy Electromagnetic wheel assembly

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2424767B2 (en) * 1974-05-22 1977-05-18 Licentia Patent-Verwaltungs-Gmbh, 6000 Frankfurt CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENT FOR REGULATING THE ACTIVE POWER IN AC CONSUMERS USING CYCLING STATIC AC SWITCHES

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2424767B2 (en) * 1974-05-22 1977-05-18 Licentia Patent-Verwaltungs-Gmbh, 6000 Frankfurt CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENT FOR REGULATING THE ACTIVE POWER IN AC CONSUMERS USING CYCLING STATIC AC SWITCHES

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
General Electric, SCR Manual Sixth Edition 1979, 231, 232, 249, 250, 251, chapter 9.1, 9.41, fig. 9.1c and 9.19b. *

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8667955B2 (en) 2011-04-23 2014-03-11 Andreas Stihl Ag & Co. Kg Handheld work apparatus having a control unit for operating an electric load
US10479138B2 (en) 2017-12-12 2019-11-19 Kevin Christy Electromagnetic wheel assembly

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
SE457575B (en) 1989-01-09
SE8604900D0 (en) 1986-11-17
SE8604900L (en) 1988-05-18

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