WO1988002934A1 - Commande de position de faisceau d'un reseau au moyen de fentes combinees - Google Patents

Commande de position de faisceau d'un reseau au moyen de fentes combinees Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1988002934A1
WO1988002934A1 PCT/US1987/002380 US8702380W WO8802934A1 WO 1988002934 A1 WO1988002934 A1 WO 1988002934A1 US 8702380 W US8702380 W US 8702380W WO 8802934 A1 WO8802934 A1 WO 8802934A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
waveguide
array
slot
slots
compound
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US1987/002380
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Louis A. Kurtz
Original Assignee
Hughes Aircraft Company
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Hughes Aircraft Company filed Critical Hughes Aircraft Company
Priority to DE8787906535T priority Critical patent/DE3780949T2/de
Publication of WO1988002934A1 publication Critical patent/WO1988002934A1/fr
Priority to NO882545A priority patent/NO171436C/no

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/27—Adaptation for use in or on movable bodies
    • H01Q1/28—Adaptation for use in or on aircraft, missiles, satellites, or balloons
    • H01Q1/281—Nose antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/0006—Particular feeding systems
    • H01Q21/0037—Particular feeding systems linear waveguide fed arrays
    • H01Q21/0043—Slotted waveguides

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to slotted waveguide arrays, and more particularly to an array employing compound slots to provide control of the beam position.
  • Two types of slotted waveguide arrays in common use are the serpentine slot array and the shunt slot array.
  • the waveguide In both types of array, the waveguide must be operated at wavelengths close to the waveguide cutoff wavelength if the beam is to be tilted far off broadside. Thus, the beam is scanned as the exciting frequency is scanned.
  • a preferred embodiment comprises a rectangular waveguide defined by first and second conductive broad- walls and first and second conductive narrow-walls, and a plurality of compound slots formed in said first broad- wall. The inclination of each slot and its offset from the longitudinal axis is determined by the required voltage phase and amplitude distribution to produce the desired beam direction.
  • Each slot is of resonant length.
  • One end of the waveguide is terminated in a matched load. The invention allows the beam to be placed far from the broadside direction without the need to operate so close to the waveguide cutoff frequency that there is unacceptable frequency sensitivity.
  • FIGS. 1A and IB are diagrammatic illustrations of shunt, series and compound slots in the broadwall of a rectangular waveguide.
  • FIGS. 2A-2C represent respective equivalent circuits of the resonant compound slot, the shunt slot and the series slot.
  • FIG. 3 is a diagrammatic illustration of a waveguide section having a plurality of compound slots formed therein.
  • FIGS. 4A and 4B are plots of the radiation pattern for a traveling wave array embodying the invention with nine resonant slots fed by a dielectric filled waveguide for the forward beam and backfire cases, with the solid line depicting experimental patterns and the dashed line representing the expected theoretical patterns.
  • FIG. 5 is a diagrammatic view illustrating a missile body having a plurality of traveling wave arrays embodying the invention disposed along the periphery thereof.
  • FIG. 6 is a diagrammatic illustration of the positions and orientations of compound slots.
  • the presently preferred embodiment of the invention is a slotted waveguide array comprising a waveguide having a plurality of compound slots formed along one broadwall. Certain basic principles of the invention may be appreciated with respect to FIGS. 1A and 1B, showing plan views of various slots formed in waveguide 20 (FIG. 1A) and 30 (FIG. 1B).
  • Compound slots such as slots B and D in FIG. 1A, and B' and D' in FIG. 1B, are both offset and tilted or inclined with respect to the centerline 25 of the broad wall.
  • the equivalent circuit of the resonant compound slot is a "T" network as shown in FIG. 2A.
  • slots A and E are aligned in parallel with, but offset from, the axis 25, and therefore may be represented by pure shunt admittance as shown in FIG. 2B.
  • Slots C and C' are disposed on the axis 25, but inclined with respect thereto, and therefore may be represented as pure series impedance as shown in FIG. 2c.
  • compound slots B and D may be viewed as transitions from slot A to slot C and from slot C to slot E, respectively, it follows that the phase of the electric fields induced in compound slot B and D will lie in the range (90o, 0o) and (0o, -90o), respectively.
  • the amplitudes and phases of these induced fields will depend on both the respective offsets X B , X D and inclinations ⁇ B , ⁇ D of slots B and D.
  • phase of the electric field in slot C is 180o
  • the phases of the induced fields in compound slots B 1 and D 1 will lie in the ranges (90o , 180 o ) and (180 o , -90o), respectively.
  • the amplitudes and phases of these induced fields will depend on both the offsets X B' , X D' and inclinations ⁇ B' , ⁇ D , of slots B' and D'.
  • the design of slot arrays which include the effects of mutual coupling are reported in the papers "The Design of Small Slot Arrays," IEEE Trans. Antennas and Propagation, Vol. AP-26, pages 214-219, March 1978, by L.A. Kurtz and R.S.
  • the design parameters were (X n , 2L n ), with X n and 2L n representing the offset and length, respectively, of the nth slot.
  • the design parameters were ( ⁇ n , 2L n ), with ⁇ n and 2L n representing the inclination and length, respectively, of the nth slot.
  • the invention employs resonant-length compound slots, and adjusts the two design parameters X n and ⁇ n to account for the effects of mutual coupling, as well as adjusting the phase required by the beam scan angle.
  • Arrays of resonant compound slots possess a significant advantage when used in an important class of applications where shunt and series slots are unsatisfactory, i.e., traveling wave arrays. These advantages may be appreciated with reference to FIG. 3, wherein rectangular waveguide 40 has an array of non-resonantly spaced slots S 1 -S n formed in one of its broad walls 41.
  • the waveguide 40 has an array of non-resonantly spaced slots S 1 -S n formed in one of its broad walls 41.
  • the excitation of successive slots is by a TE 10 mode whose amplitude is essentially the same at the successive slots, but whose phase differs by B 10 d radians at the two slots with d the slot spacing and B 10 the phase velocity of the mode (2 ⁇ / ⁇ ).
  • ⁇ o arc cos (B 10 /k).
  • the broad wall 41 dimension of the waveguide 40 could conceivably be adjusted to accommodate any B 10 /k, and thus any beam pointing direction ⁇ o . This is not a practical possibility where size limitations and frequency sensitivity are considerations.
  • the present invention provides a solution to the problem of how to provide, in a traveling wave array, an aperture excitation with a phase progression from slot to slot other than B 1 0 d, so that the beam can be placed at an angular position other than the natural one.
  • this could be by adjusting the slot length of pure series or shunt slots to provide a phase difference which, when added to the phase progression to the aperture excitation places the beam at a desired angle ⁇ .
  • Compound slots do not suffer from this limitation, since they permit a full phase range of 360o in the excitation of individual slots.
  • the orientation of the compound slot adds an additional phase shift ⁇ so that the beam position ⁇ o (FIG. 3) is now determined by the relationship of Eq. 1.
  • a traveling wave slot array employing compound slots may provide a beam at very near endfire (90o from the broadside) without requiring an excitation signal near the waveguide cutoff wavelength.
  • the total voltage in the nth slot is designated as and is composed of four components
  • the total backward-scattered and forward- scattered TE 10 modes off the nth slot will have amplitudes B and C which can be shown in corresponding parts, viz.,
  • B n B n1 + B n2 + B n3 + B n4 (4)
  • the key term relating to the slot orientation is h n (X n , ⁇ n , 2L n ). This term is i L
  • the central design equation thus yields a value from h n which leads to new values of X n and ⁇ n . This process is repeated with each iteration drawing closer to the true values of X n and ⁇ n .
  • the compound slots employed in the preferred embodiment of the invention are of resonant length.
  • the resonant length is a parameter which may be determined emperically by
  • the central design equation (Eq. 6) has been tested against experiments performed on two S-band antennas.
  • Each of these antennas consisted of nine compound slots, 0.55 ⁇ o on centers, traveling-wave fed by a TE 1 0 wave dielectric-filled waveguide.
  • Each waveguide was terminated in a matched load which absorbed 10% of the input power.
  • the waveguide broadwall dimension is 1.3 inches, and the narrow wall dimension is .150 inches.
  • the waveguide was filled with a dielectric material having a dielectric constant of 2.5.
  • the waveguides are fabricated from Duroid 5876, a stripline board material which is copper clad on both sides, with the abutting edges copper clad to form a closed waveguide. Both of these antennas had been designed by employing an earlier, less-exact design procedure.
  • the array were designed to produce main beams at 60o and 120o, respectively, from forward endfire, defined as being in the direction from the input to the load.
  • FIGS. 4A and 4B are compared with patterns calculated using the actual slot dimensions and the corrected design equation set forth above.
  • a unique feature of arrays embodying the invention is that the beams of the two antennas are on opposite sides of broadside while the waveguide size and slot spacing are identical. Only the slot orientations are different.
  • TDD missile target detection device
  • fuse antenna A simplified perspective diagrammatic view of a portion of a missile body with the slotted arrays is shown in FIG. 5.
  • One or more of the slotted arrays 62 designed to place the beam far from broadside may be arranged longitudinally along the outer surface of the missile body 60.
  • the beam of these antennas may be used to detect targets being approached by the missile while the missile is some distance from the target. This provides ample time to properly detonate the missile explosive charge to destroy the target, for example.
  • the number of the arrays placed about the periphery of the missile body will depend on the particular application.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Astronomy & Astrophysics (AREA)
  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
  • Waveguide Aerials (AREA)
  • Control Of Motors That Do Not Use Commutators (AREA)
  • Interface Circuits In Exchanges (AREA)
  • Photoreceptors In Electrophotography (AREA)

Abstract

Réseau de guide d'ondes à fentes combinées disposées dans une paroi large de guide d'ondes. La phase de la tension excitée dans la fente est modulée par le décalage de celle-ci et par l'angle d'inclinaison par rapport à l'axe. La commande supplémentaire de phase obtenue grâce aux fentes combinées permet de situer le faisceau d'un réseau à fentes à ondes progressives loin du côté large, sans qu'il soit nécessaire de faire marcher le réseau à des fréquences si proches de la fréquence critique du guide d'ondes qu'il se produit une sensibilité à la fréquence inacceptable. Le faisceau peut être disposé sous n'importe quel angle, quelles que soient les extremités contenant respectivement l'entrée et la charge.
PCT/US1987/002380 1986-10-17 1987-09-21 Commande de position de faisceau d'un reseau au moyen de fentes combinees WO1988002934A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE8787906535T DE3780949T2 (de) 1986-10-17 1987-09-21 Steuereinrichtung fuer die strahlrichtung einer antennengruppe mit zusammengesetzen schlitzen.
NO882545A NO171436C (no) 1986-10-17 1988-06-09 Vandreboelgeantenne

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US91993086A 1986-10-17 1986-10-17
US919,930 1986-10-17

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1988002934A1 true WO1988002934A1 (fr) 1988-04-21

Family

ID=25442884

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/US1987/002380 WO1988002934A1 (fr) 1986-10-17 1987-09-21 Commande de position de faisceau d'un reseau au moyen de fentes combinees

Country Status (6)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0288497B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPH01501194A (fr)
DE (1) DE3780949T2 (fr)
IL (1) IL83876A (fr)
NO (1) NO171436C (fr)
WO (1) WO1988002934A1 (fr)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4821044A (en) * 1987-04-14 1989-04-11 Hughes Aircraft Company Waveguide slot array termination and antenna system
FR2638025A1 (fr) * 1988-08-08 1990-04-20 Arimura Inst Technology Antenne a fentes
EP0445517A2 (fr) * 1990-02-08 1991-09-11 Hughes Aircraft Company Réseau d'antennes à fentes rayonnantes désorientées en inclinaison pour éliminer les lobes secondaires (grating lobes)
FR2855642A1 (fr) * 2003-05-27 2004-12-03 Thales Sa Antenne notamment pour imagerie radar, et dispositif d'imagerie comportant une telle antenne, en particulier pour la detection d'objets caches
WO2007004932A1 (fr) * 2005-07-04 2007-01-11 Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ) Antenne améliorée de répéteur à utiliser dans des applications point à point

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1999056346A1 (fr) * 1998-04-27 1999-11-04 Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha Antenne a fentes

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2596480A (en) * 1946-11-20 1952-05-13 Ca Nat Research Council Directive antenna for microwaves
US3308467A (en) * 1951-03-28 1967-03-07 Jr Robert F Morrison Waveguide antenna with non-resonant slots
GB1220382A (en) * 1967-03-02 1971-01-27 Centre Nat Etd Spatiales Equipment fitted aboard an aircraft for a radio-navigation system
US4371876A (en) * 1978-05-04 1983-02-01 Motorola Inc. Slot array antenna having a complex impedance termination and method of fabrication

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB869812A (en) * 1956-11-27 1961-06-07 Emi Ltd Improvements relating to slotted waveguide aerials

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2596480A (en) * 1946-11-20 1952-05-13 Ca Nat Research Council Directive antenna for microwaves
US3308467A (en) * 1951-03-28 1967-03-07 Jr Robert F Morrison Waveguide antenna with non-resonant slots
GB1220382A (en) * 1967-03-02 1971-01-27 Centre Nat Etd Spatiales Equipment fitted aboard an aircraft for a radio-navigation system
US4371876A (en) * 1978-05-04 1983-02-01 Motorola Inc. Slot array antenna having a complex impedance termination and method of fabrication

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4821044A (en) * 1987-04-14 1989-04-11 Hughes Aircraft Company Waveguide slot array termination and antenna system
FR2638025A1 (fr) * 1988-08-08 1990-04-20 Arimura Inst Technology Antenne a fentes
EP0445517A2 (fr) * 1990-02-08 1991-09-11 Hughes Aircraft Company Réseau d'antennes à fentes rayonnantes désorientées en inclinaison pour éliminer les lobes secondaires (grating lobes)
EP0445517A3 (en) * 1990-02-08 1992-03-04 Hughes Aircraft Company Array antenna with slot radiators offset by inclination to eliminate grating lobes
FR2855642A1 (fr) * 2003-05-27 2004-12-03 Thales Sa Antenne notamment pour imagerie radar, et dispositif d'imagerie comportant une telle antenne, en particulier pour la detection d'objets caches
WO2007004932A1 (fr) * 2005-07-04 2007-01-11 Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ) Antenne améliorée de répéteur à utiliser dans des applications point à point

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3780949D1 (de) 1992-09-10
NO171436B (no) 1992-11-30
NO882545L (no) 1988-06-09
NO171436C (no) 1993-03-10
EP0288497A1 (fr) 1988-11-02
EP0288497B1 (fr) 1992-08-05
NO882545D0 (no) 1988-06-09
IL83876A (en) 1991-07-18
JPH0552081B2 (fr) 1993-08-04
JPH01501194A (ja) 1989-04-20
DE3780949T2 (de) 1993-02-04

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