WO1988000405A1 - Electrical cut-out system - Google Patents

Electrical cut-out system Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1988000405A1
WO1988000405A1 PCT/DE1987/000286 DE8700286W WO8800405A1 WO 1988000405 A1 WO1988000405 A1 WO 1988000405A1 DE 8700286 W DE8700286 W DE 8700286W WO 8800405 A1 WO8800405 A1 WO 8800405A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
relay
voltage
excitation coil
switch
cut
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/DE1987/000286
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Friedrich Lauerer
Original Assignee
Friedrich Lauerer
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Friedrich Lauerer filed Critical Friedrich Lauerer
Publication of WO1988000405A1 publication Critical patent/WO1988000405A1/en

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H5/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal non-electric working conditions with or without subsequent reconnection
    • H02H5/08—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal non-electric working conditions with or without subsequent reconnection responsive to abnormal fluid pressure, liquid level or liquid displacement, e.g. Buchholz relays
    • H02H5/083—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal non-electric working conditions with or without subsequent reconnection responsive to abnormal fluid pressure, liquid level or liquid displacement, e.g. Buchholz relays responsive to the entry or leakage of a liquid into an electrical appliance

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a switch-off device for alternating current / which is used in particular to avert danger and works with at least one sensor.
  • the hair dryer is used / where protection against electrocution is provided in the event / that the hair dryer falls into the bathtub filled with water.
  • the invention has for its object to provide protection against electrocution in the bathtub / while avoiding the disadvantages mentioned and with the least effort.
  • the functional analysis of the proposed circuit shows / that the protection is also provided / if the neutral conductor is interrupted (for example by wire interruption / fuse or switch) / if the network loop impedance has a high value if the bathtub is insulated or if a two-phase operation is given.
  • Exemplary embodiments of the invention are shown in the drawings.
  • the consumer device (2/3/4) for example a hair dryer / is connected to the mains socket S / which is fed by the mains transformer T.
  • the excitation coil 1 of the bistable and polarized relay with two cut-off contacts 5 and 6 is connected in the middle of the heating coil 3 and to the sensor 7.
  • In all areas of the hair dryer / where liquid can penetrate / sensors are arranged so that the liquid first touches a sensor / before it reaches a live point.
  • the excitation coil receives 1 voltage (regardless of the plug position). And the next mains half-wave of suitable polarity takes place, ie after 15 ms at the latest, double-pole shutdown by contacts 5 and 6. Since a polarized bistable relay is used, the hairdryer remains switched off; even if it is taken out of the water and falls into the water again.
  • a Grharmonic rectifier 8 is located in the excitation circuit, as a result of which the excitation coil 1 is supplied with current of the same polarity on each half-wave. This ensures that the switch-off takes place at the first or during the next half-wave, i.e. it takes place after max. 10 ms.
  • the consumer resistors 2, 3, 4, but additional resistors 9 and 10 are not used as voltage dividers. In this way, a considerably higher functional reliability is achieved / since heating windings can experience an interruption rather than weakly loaded resistors.
  • the electrical device can only be switched on again by applying direct voltage of specific polarity to the excitation winding or to an additional excitation winding.
  • Fig. 4 an additional circuit is specified / which causes the device to be automatically switched on again.
  • the capacitor 17 With the aid of the supply voltage that is not switched off (see FIGS. 12 and 13), the capacitor 17 is charged with two polarities via two high-impedance resistors 14 and 15 and the rectifier 16 / which enables a restart. If the capacitor voltage exceeds the threshold value of the voltage-dependent switch 18, this switch switches through and the excitation coil 1 receives a current surge which switches the relay on again. 19 is a necessary protective resistor.
  • the desired reclosing time can be determined by suitable R-C dimensioning (14, 15 and 17). In the event that the dangerous state is still present at the time of the automatic restart, the system is immediately switched off again.

Abstract

The system described operates in a very simple manner during a.c. operation and is particularly suited for providing protection against danger. A bistable relay (1, 5, 6) is used as the cut-off device, said relay drawing the power required for cutting-off from a voltage divider (2, 3, 4). The voltage applied to the excitation coil (1), for example in cases of danger, and which leads to switching of the relay has half the value of the supply voltage. If the power supply has to be cut, the excitation coil (1) receives the required voltage from either pole of the current source, i.e. cutting-out is effected independently of the current path or plug position. Cutting-out (5, 6) can be triggered by a probe (7) which reacts to humidity, liquid, temperature or other physical or chemical states. Since the circuitry involved is minimal (only a relay is needed) operating reliability is high and depends only on the reliability of the relay. The switching circuit itself operates in particular also when the neutral line has been interrupted, in the case of a high loop resistance and in that of two-phase a.c. operation. The cut-out system can be used for example in a hair-dryer and prevents electrocution if the appliance falls into a bath filled with water.

Description

Elektrische Abschalteinrichtung Electrical shutdown device
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Abschalteinrichtung für Wechsel¬ strom/ die insbesondere zur Gefahrenabwehr dient und mit min¬ destens einem Sensor arbeitet. Als spezielles Anwendungsbeispi dient der Haartrockner/ wo ein Schutz gegen den Stromtod für d Fall realisiert wird/ daß der Haartrockner in die mit Wasser g füllte Badewanne fällt.The invention relates to a switch-off device for alternating current / which is used in particular to avert danger and works with at least one sensor. As a special example of use, the hair dryer is used / where protection against electrocution is provided in the event / that the hair dryer falls into the bathtub filled with water.
Es sind bereits eine Reihe von Schutzmaßnahmen bekannt/ die de tödlichen Stromunfall durch den Haartrockner in der Badewanne verhindern sollen.A number of protective measures are already known / which are intended to prevent the fatal electrical accident caused by the hairdryer in the bathtub.
Die Anwendung des empfindlichen Fehlerstrom-Schutzschalters (Nennfehlerstr z.B. 30 mA) gilt derzeit offiziell als Stand d Technik. Ein wesentlicher Nachteil ist die Tatsache/ daß er praktisch nur für Neuinstallationen infrage kommt/ da ein Nach rüsten mit zu hohen Kosten verbunden ist/ insbesondere bei alt Anlagen (mit klassischer Nullung). Nicht voll geklärt ist auch die Frage/ inwieweit bei isolierten Badewannen/ wo der Schutz¬ schalter nicht abschalten kann/ die Gefahr eines tödlichen Un¬ falles gegeben ist. Wenn auch der im Badewasser um den Haar¬ trockner kreisende Strom geringer ist (wie eigene Messungen zeigten)/ als der zu einer geerdeten Wanne fließende/ so muß doch bedacht werden/ daß die Gefahr stark anwächst/ je n her de Haartrockner am Herzen liegt. Auch die gegebene Muskelverkramp fung ist im Hinblick auf die Ertrinkungsgefahr zu bedenken.The use of the sensitive residual current circuit breaker (nominal residual current e.g. 30 mA) is currently officially considered to be state of the art. A major disadvantage is the fact that it is practically only suitable for new installations / because retrofitting is associated with high costs / especially for old systems (with classic zeroing). The question of the extent to which insulated bathtubs are isolated, where the circuit breaker cannot be switched off and the risk of a fatal accident are also not fully resolved. Even if the current circulating in the bath water around the hair dryer is lower (as our own measurements have shown) / than the current flowing to an earthed tub / it must be taken into account / that the danger increases greatly / the closer the hair dryer is to the heart. The given muscle cramping should also be considered with regard to the risk of drowning.
Die bekannten speziellen Schaltungen gegen den Stromtod in der Badewanne haben Nachteile: Die Anwendung eines geerdeten Metall gitters vor den Lufteintritts- und austrittsöffnungen (DE 3116285) erfordern eine dreiadrige Zuleitung und einen Schuko¬ stecker/ was die Handlichkeit des Gerätes sehr mindert. Weiter ist ein Schutz dann nicht gegeben/ wenn der Schutzleiter unter¬ brochen oderrait dem Außenleiter verbunden ist. Auch andere be¬ kannte Lösungen sind viel zu aufwendig/ z.B. sind bei einem Vor¬ schlag sogar ein eigener Behälter und eine 4-adrige Zuleitung erforderlich (EPA Nr. 1831).The known special circuits against electrocution in the bathtub have disadvantages: the use of a grounded metal grilles in front of the air inlet and outlet openings (DE 3116285) require a three-wire supply line and a Schuko plug / which greatly reduces the handiness of the device. Furthermore, there is no protection / if the protective conductor is interrupted or connected to the outer conductor. Other known solutions are also far too complex / for example, a proposal even requires a separate container and a 4-wire supply line (EPA No. 1831).
Bei einem weiteren Vorschlag (DE 3038101) wird durch die Wasser¬ einwirkung ein Kurzschluß ausgelöst/ der die vorgeschaltete Si¬ cherung zur Auslösung bringt. Hier erfolgt keine Abschaltung/ wenn der Neutralleiter unterbrochen ist oder wenn der Netz- Schleifenwiderstand zu hoch ist.In a further proposal (DE 3038101) a short circuit is triggered by the action of water / which triggers the upstream fuse. There is no shutdown here / if the neutral conductor is interrupted or if the network loop resistance is too high.
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde/ einen Schutz gegen den Stromtod in der Badewanne zu realisieren/ unter Verweidung der erwähnten Nachteile und bei geringstem Aufwand.The invention has for its object to provide protection against electrocution in the bathtub / while avoiding the disadvantages mentioned and with the least effort.
Diese Aufgabe wird durch die im kennzeichnenden Teil des Anspru¬ ches 1 gelöst. Die folgenden ünteransprüche enthalten vorteil¬ hafte Weiterbildungen der Erfindung.This object is achieved by the characterizing part of claim 1. The following subclaims contain advantageous developments of the invention.
Die Funktionsanalyse der vorgeschlagenen Schaltung zeigt/ daß der Schutz auch dann gegeben ist/ wenn der Neutralleiter unter¬ brochen ist (z.B. durch Drahtunterbrechung/ Sicherung oder Schalter)/ wenn die Netz-Schlei enimpedanz einen hohen Wert hat, wenn die Badewanne isoliert ist oder wenn ein Zwei-Phasenbetrieb gegeben ist. In den Zeichnungen sind Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung wiedergegeben. In Fig. 1 ist das Verbrauchsgerät(2/3/4) , z.B. ein Haartrockner/ an der Netzsteckdose S angeschlossen/ die vom Netztransformator T gespeist wird. Die Erregerspule 1 des bistabilen und gepolten Relais mit zwei Abschaltkontakten 5 und 6 ist in der Mitte der Heizwicklung 3 und am Sensor 7 angeschlossen. Im Haartrockner sind an allen Stellen/ bei denen Flüssigkeit eindringen kann/ Sensoren so angeordnet, daß die Flüssigkeit zuerst einen Sensor berührt/ bevor sie an eine spannungsführende Stelle gelangt.The functional analysis of the proposed circuit shows / that the protection is also provided / if the neutral conductor is interrupted (for example by wire interruption / fuse or switch) / if the network loop impedance has a high value if the bathtub is insulated or if a two-phase operation is given. Exemplary embodiments of the invention are shown in the drawings. In Fig. 1 the consumer device (2/3/4), for example a hair dryer / is connected to the mains socket S / which is fed by the mains transformer T. The excitation coil 1 of the bistable and polarized relay with two cut-off contacts 5 and 6 is connected in the middle of the heating coil 3 and to the sensor 7. In all areas of the hair dryer / where liquid can penetrate / sensors are arranged so that the liquid first touches a sensor / before it reaches a live point.
Fällt der Haartrockner in die mit Wasser gefüllte Badewanne und gelangt leitendes Wasser von der geerdeten Badewanne oder/und von der Heizwicklung an den Sensor, so erhält die Erregerspule 1 Spannung (unabhängig von der Steckerstellung!) und es erfolgt bei der nächsten Netzhalbwelle geeigneter Polarität, d.h. nach spätestens 15 ms eine doppelpolige Abschaltung durch die Kontak¬ te 5 und 6. Da ein gepoltes bistabiles Relais verwendet wird, bleibt der Haartrockner ausgeschaltet; auch dann, wenn er aus dem Wasser genommen wird und erneut ins Wasser fällt.If the hair dryer falls into the bathtub filled with water and conductive water reaches the sensor from the earthed bathtub and / or from the heating coil, the excitation coil receives 1 voltage (regardless of the plug position!) And the next mains half-wave of suitable polarity takes place, ie after 15 ms at the latest, double-pole shutdown by contacts 5 and 6. Since a polarized bistable relay is used, the hairdryer remains switched off; even if it is taken out of the water and falls into the water again.
In Fig. 2 liegt im Erregerstromkreis ein Grätz-Gleichrichjter 8, wodurch die Erregerspule 1 bei jeder Halbwelle mit Strom glei¬ cher Polarität gespeist wird. Dadurch wird erreicht/ daß die Ab¬ schaltung bereits bei der ersten oder während der nächsten Halb¬ welle erfolgt, d.h. sie erfolgt nach max. 10 ms.2, a Grätz rectifier 8 is located in the excitation circuit, as a result of which the excitation coil 1 is supplied with current of the same polarity on each half-wave. This ensures that the switch-off takes place at the first or during the next half-wave, i.e. it takes place after max. 10 ms.
In Fig. 3 werden nicht die Verbraucherwiderstände 2, 3, 4, son¬ dern zusätzliche Widerstände 9 und 10 als Spannungsteiler ver¬ wendet. Auf diese Weise wird eine wesentlich höhere Funktionszu¬ verlässigkeit erreicht/ da Heizwicklungen eher eine Unterbre¬ chung erfahren können, als schwach belastete Widerstände. Die Wiedereinschaltung des Elektrogerätes ist bei dem hier ver¬ wendeten bistabilen gepolten Relais nur durch Anlegen von Gleichspannung bestimmter Polarität an die Erregerwicklung oder an eine zusätzliche Erregerwicklung möglich.In FIG. 3, the consumer resistors 2, 3, 4, but additional resistors 9 and 10 are not used as voltage dividers. In this way, a considerably higher functional reliability is achieved / since heating windings can experience an interruption rather than weakly loaded resistors. In the bistable polarized relay used here, the electrical device can only be switched on again by applying direct voltage of specific polarity to the excitation winding or to an additional excitation winding.
In Fig. 4 ist eine zusätzliche Schaltung angegeben/ die eine automatische Wiedereinschaltung des Gerätes bewirkt. Mit Hilfe der nicht abgeschalteten Versorgungsspannung/ siehe 12 und 13/ wird über zwei Hochohmwiderstände 14 und 15 sowie dem Gleich¬ richter 16 der Kondensator 17 mit jener Polarität aufgeladen/ die eine Wiedereinschaltung ermöglicht. Überschreitet die Kon¬ densatorspannung den Schwellenwert des spannungsabhängigen Schalters 18, dann schaltet dieser Schalter durch und die Erre¬ gerspule 1 erhält einen Stromstoß, der das Relais wieder ein¬ schaltet. 19 ist ein notwendiger Schutzwiderstand.In Fig. 4 an additional circuit is specified / which causes the device to be automatically switched on again. With the aid of the supply voltage that is not switched off (see FIGS. 12 and 13), the capacitor 17 is charged with two polarities via two high-impedance resistors 14 and 15 and the rectifier 16 / which enables a restart. If the capacitor voltage exceeds the threshold value of the voltage-dependent switch 18, this switch switches through and the excitation coil 1 receives a current surge which switches the relay on again. 19 is a necessary protective resistor.
Durch geeignete R-C- Dimensionierung ( 14, 15 und 17) kann die gewünschte Wiedereinschaltzeit festgelegt werden. Für den Fall, daß der Gefahrenzustand im Zeitpunkt der automatischen Wieder¬ einschaltung noch vorhanden ist, erfolgt erneut eine sofortige Ausschaltung. The desired reclosing time can be determined by suitable R-C dimensioning (14, 15 and 17). In the event that the dangerous state is still present at the time of the automatic restart, the system is immediately switched off again.

Claims

P a t e n t a n s p r ü c h e Patent claims
1. Elektrische Abschalteinrichtung, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Erregerspule (1) eines bistabilen Relais von einem Span¬ nungsteiler (2, 3, 4) gespeist wird, der gleichzeitig mit dem Verbraucher durch die Relaiskontakte(5, 6) abgeschaltet wird.1. Electrical shutdown device, characterized in that the excitation coil (1) of a bistable relay is fed by a voltage divider (2, 3, 4) which is switched off simultaneously with the consumer by the relay contacts (5, 6).
2. Abschalteinrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet/ daß ein gepoltes Relais verwendet wird und im Erregerstrom¬ kreis eine Vollweggleichrichterschaltung (8) liegt.2. Switch-off device according to claim 1, characterized in / that a polarized relay is used and in the Erregerstrom¬ circuit is a full-wave rectifier circuit (8).
3. Abschalteinrichtung nach Anspruch 1 oder 2/ dadurch gekenn¬ zeichnet/ daß die Erregerspule (1) durch einen (7) oder meh¬ rere Sensoren in Funktion gesetzt werden kann/ die z.B. bei Feuchtigkeit, Flüssigkeit, Temperatur oder anderen physikali¬ schen bzw. chemischen Zuständen reagieren.3. Switch-off device according to claim 1 or 2 / characterized gekenn¬ / that the excitation coil (1) by one (7) or more sensors can be set in function / which e.g. react with moisture, liquid, temperature or other physical or chemical conditions.
4. Abschalt einrichtung nach einenm der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß mit Hilfe der nicht abgeschalte¬ ten Versorgungsspannung (12, 13) über hochoh ige Widerstände (14, 15) und einen Gleichrichter (16) ein Kondensator (17) aufgeladen wird, der sich bei Erreichen der Schwellenspannung eines spannungsabhängigen Schalters (18) auf die Erregerspule (1) des Relais entlädt und auf diese Weise eine Wiederein¬ schaltung bewirkt.4. Switch-off device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a capacitor (17) is charged with the aid of the non-switched-off supply voltage (12, 13) via high-impedance resistors (14, 15) and a rectifier (16), which discharges onto the excitation coil (1) of the relay when the threshold voltage of a voltage-dependent switch (18) is reached and in this way brings about a restart.
5. Abschalteinrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß diese in einem elektrischen Hand¬ gerät, z.B. einem Haartrockner, eingebaut ist und als Senso¬ ren leitende Flächen dienen, die im Gerät berührungssicher überall dort und in der Weise eingebaut sind, daß eindringen¬ de Flüssigkeit zuerst mit den Sensoren und dann erst mit spannungsführenden Teilen in Berührung kommt. 5. Switch-off device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it is in an electrical handheld device, e.g. a hair dryer, is installed and serves as sensor surfaces which are installed in the device so as to be touch-free everywhere and in such a way that penetrating liquid first comes into contact with the sensors and only then with live parts.
PCT/DE1987/000286 1986-06-27 1987-06-24 Electrical cut-out system WO1988000405A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19863621528 DE3621528A1 (en) 1986-06-27 1986-06-27 ELECTRICAL SHUT-OFF DEVICE
DEP3621528.7 1986-06-27

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1988000405A1 true WO1988000405A1 (en) 1988-01-14

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ID=6303811

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/DE1987/000286 WO1988000405A1 (en) 1986-06-27 1987-06-24 Electrical cut-out system

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EP (1) EP0271544A1 (en)
AU (1) AU7547487A (en)
DE (1) DE3621528A1 (en)
WO (1) WO1988000405A1 (en)

Families Citing this family (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3811994A1 (en) * 1988-04-11 1989-10-19 Lauerer Friedrich Electrical sensor circuit
DE3835346A1 (en) * 1988-10-17 1990-04-19 Friedrich Lauerer ELECTRIC HEATING UNIT
DE3913925A1 (en) * 1989-04-27 1990-10-31 Lauerer Friedrich Sensor circuit for hair=dryer safety - uses automatic cut=out relay coupled to centre tap of resistive voltage divider
JPH03183317A (en) * 1989-09-05 1991-08-09 Uchiya Thermostat Kk Flood sensing and power supply interrupting circuit
DE4008970A1 (en) * 1990-03-21 1991-09-26 Vorwerk Co Interholding Protection unit for electric insulated appliance without earth - has fault or differential current switch with protection conductor monitor tripping upon under voltage
DE4111599C1 (en) * 1991-04-10 1992-08-06 Friedrich Dipl.-Phys. 8033 Krailling De Lauerer
DE4405634C1 (en) * 1993-11-08 1995-02-09 Lauerer Friedrich Protection circuit for electrical equipment
DE4418292A1 (en) * 1994-05-26 1995-11-30 Telefunken Microelectron Inductive movement sensor for irons

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0001831A2 (en) * 1977-11-03 1979-05-16 Ravida, Antonino Apparatus protected against electric current short circuits
EP0049870A1 (en) * 1980-10-09 1982-04-21 Friedrich Lauerer Fault-current protection device
FR2504366A1 (en) * 1981-04-24 1982-10-29 Licentia Gmbh Safe electric hair drier for use in wet conditions - has earthed screens at air inlet and outlet for operating protective devices when hair dryer is in contact with water
US4464582A (en) * 1982-10-12 1984-08-07 Tsunehide Aragaki Water-safe hair dryer circuit
DE3514135A1 (en) * 1985-04-19 1986-10-23 Braun Ag, 6000 Frankfurt Line interrupter device for mains-powered apparatuses

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CH596833A5 (en) * 1975-09-25 1978-03-31 Creativ Patentanstalt
DE3116285A1 (en) * 1981-04-24 1983-02-03 Licentia Patent-Verwaltungs-Gmbh, 6000 Frankfurt Electric hand-held hair dryer with fan and heater
DE3781572T2 (en) * 1986-02-28 1993-04-08 Philips Corp PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT AGAINST ELECTRIC SHOCK WITH MECHANICAL LOCK FOR A SMALL DEVICE.

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0001831A2 (en) * 1977-11-03 1979-05-16 Ravida, Antonino Apparatus protected against electric current short circuits
EP0049870A1 (en) * 1980-10-09 1982-04-21 Friedrich Lauerer Fault-current protection device
FR2504366A1 (en) * 1981-04-24 1982-10-29 Licentia Gmbh Safe electric hair drier for use in wet conditions - has earthed screens at air inlet and outlet for operating protective devices when hair dryer is in contact with water
US4464582A (en) * 1982-10-12 1984-08-07 Tsunehide Aragaki Water-safe hair dryer circuit
DE3514135A1 (en) * 1985-04-19 1986-10-23 Braun Ag, 6000 Frankfurt Line interrupter device for mains-powered apparatuses

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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Title
Electronic Design, Band 28, Nr. 6, 15. Marz 1980, (Rochelle Park, USA), J. CLIFTON: "Paper Towel Sensor protects PC Boards from Conductive Fluid spills", seite 300, siehe figur 2, rechte spalte, zeilen 3-13 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3621528C2 (en) 1991-01-17
EP0271544A1 (en) 1988-06-22
AU7547487A (en) 1988-01-29
DE3621528A1 (en) 1988-01-14

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