WO1987007833A1 - Oral sustained release medicament - Google Patents
Oral sustained release medicament Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1987007833A1 WO1987007833A1 PCT/US1987/001480 US8701480W WO8707833A1 WO 1987007833 A1 WO1987007833 A1 WO 1987007833A1 US 8701480 W US8701480 W US 8701480W WO 8707833 A1 WO8707833 A1 WO 8707833A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- drug
- sustained release
- dosage form
- solution
- liquid oral
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/10—Dispersions; Emulsions
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M31/00—Devices for introducing or retaining media, e.g. remedies, in cavities of the body
- A61M31/002—Devices for releasing a drug at a continuous and controlled rate for a prolonged period of time
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- Anesthesiology (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
- Hematology (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
- Medicinal Preparation (AREA)
Abstract
The dosage delivery system of the invention provides for the formulation in the saturated solution to be immediately available for absorption and for the medication in the microcapsule reservoirs to be released at a relatively constant quantity per hour. This ensures substantially linear therapeutic blood levels once state has been achieved. Since steady states are usually achieved within five half-lives, the invention will make the use of potentially toxic drugs (e.g., theophylline) safer and permit less frequent dosage application, thereby ensuring patient compliance.
Description
ORAL SUSTAINED RELEASE MEDICAMENT SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In a first aspect of the invention there is provided a dosage form for delivery of a fixed amount of a drug to provide a sustained release of said drug to a patient which comprises: (a) a graduated container for accepting a liquid oral sustained release medicament, said graduated container being calibrated in units to permit an accurate total dosage of said drug; and (b) a liquid oral sustained release medicament capable of providing even blood levels of a drug in the bloodstream of a patient over a prolonged period of time, which comprises a suspension comprising microcapsules of said drug suspended in a saturated solution of said drug, the saturated level of said drug being maintained over a prolonged period of time for sustained release to the bloodstream and at a substantially constant level by means of the dissolution of the microcapsules into solution to replace the drug that leaves said solution, thereby maintaining the saturated level of drug in solution. In a preferred aspect said graduated container is a cylinder having plural markings on at least one edge to denote the total dosage for said drug when said cylinder is filled to a particular level with said liquid oral sustained release medicament. In a further aspect said graduated container is a graduated eyedropper having plural markings on at least one edge to denote the total dosage for said drug when said graduated eyedropper is filled to a particular level with said liquid oral sustained release medicament. In one embodiment of the invention, the sustained release medicament is insoluble or only slightly soluble in water and said suspension includes a non-aqueous solvent. As an example of such a drug may be mentioned aspirin. In another embodiment of the invention, said liquid oral sustained release medicament is soluble in water and said suspension is an aqueous suspension. Examples of drugs within this embodiment of the invention include theophylline and quinidine sulfate. In accordance with a second embodiment of the invention there is provided a liquid oral sustained release medicament capable of providing even blood levels of a drug in the bloodstream of a patient over a prolonged period of time, which comprises a suspension comprising microcapsules of said drug suspended in a saturated solution of said drug, the saturated level of said drug being maintained over a prolonged period of time for sustained release to the bloodstream and at a substantially constant level by means of the dissolution of the microcapsules into solution to replace the drug that leaves said solution, thereby maintaining the saturated level of drug in solution. This second aspect of the invention may be administered to a patient apart from the combination of the first aspect of the invention, for example, by measuring the amount of the drug with a spoon. The following examples illustrate the invention: EXAMPLE I There is prepared a sustained-release aqueous liquid suspension of theophylline. The water vehicle is saturated with theophylline and has microcapsules containing theophylline core material suspended in the water. Since one gram of theophylline is soluble in approximately 120 ml of water, each 5 cc of saturated aqueous solution contains 41.67 mg of theophylline. By administering a suspension of microcapsules in a saturated aqueous vehicle it is possible to provide 200 mg of theophylline in 5 cc. This can be accomplished by incorporating into each 5 cc, suspended microcapsules containing about 158.33 mg of theophylline and 41.67 mg of theophylline in solution. The quantity of theophylline in the microcapsules may be adjusted upward to compensate for the displacement of the saturated solution of theophylline. A precise dosimeter can be included with the formulation package so that a precise dose may be administered, e.g., if the patient is to receive 200 mg every 12 hours, 5 ml is given or if the patient only required 100 mg every 12 hours, 2.5 ml may be given. This dosimeter may be a graduated cylinder or in the shape of an eyedropper, or other convenient form. EXAMPLE II Administration of the drug in accordance with Example I is illustrated as follows: An eight-year-old child who weighs 25 kilos (55 lb) should achieve a blood level of approximately 15 mcg/ml when given a theophylline dose of 24 mg/kg/day or 300 mg (7.5 ml of the above solution) every 12 hours. Since it is unlikely that any patient would be "average,' serum concentrations should be monitored and the dose adjusted accordingly. A broad dosage flexibility is provided by the invention since 0.5 ml increments of suspension (20 mg of theophylline) can be measured with a high degree of accuracy in conventional liquid dosimeters. EXAMPLE III Another example of a pharmaceutical formulation that would be used in this invention is quinidine sulfate for the treatment of ventricular arrhythmias. One gram of quinidine sulfate is soluble in 500 ml of water or 20 mg quinidine sulfate is soluble in 10 ml water. Thus a suspension containing 500 mg of quinidine sulfate in 10 ml/water could be formulated by dissolving 20 mg of quinidine sulfate in aqueous solution and suspending in the solution 480 mg of microencapsulated quinidine sulfate. A daily dose per kilogram of quinidine base can be estimated form this simple formula: Daily Dose = (c > ¯)(CL)(1440)/FC > - =average quinidine free base serum concentration (mg/ml) desired. CL = total body drug clearance rate in ml/min/kg. 1440 = the number of minutes in a day. F = the percentage bioavailability. For example: Daily Dosage = (.002 mg/ml)(4.5 ml/min/k#)(l440 min) .99 Daily Dose = 12.96 = 13.1 mg/kg/day of free base .99 This corresponds to 15.8 mg/kg/day of quinidine sulfate (13.1 mg/kg/day). A woman weighing 63 kilos would require a daily dose of approximately 995 mg or approximately 10 ml every 12 hours. If needed, dosage can be adjusted in 25 mg (0.5 ml) increments. The gradual release of medication form the microcapsules in the liquid suspension, after they enter the gastrointestinal tract, at a relatively constant quantity per hour, enables plasma levels of the medication to be maintained at relatively constant levels. It also permits patients to take medication at less frequent intervals, thereby promoting compliance with the prescribed dosage regimen. For example, even though quinidine has a half-life of only 6.2 hours, it can be administered every 12 hours if incorporated into this system. EXAMPLE IV By following the same method of calculation as provided above for quinidine sulfate, a sustained release oral medication can be prepared for erythromycin, based upon the fact that 1 gm dissolves in 1000 ml of water. EXAMPLE V Utilization of the calculation techniques for quinidine sulfate, a sustained release oral medication can be prepared for Erythromycin ethylsuccinate, which is only slightly soluble in water but freely soluble in propylene glycol. EXAMPLE VI In place of the propylene glycol of Example V, there is substituted ethanol to make a saturated solution of Erythromycin ethylsuccinate. EXAMPLE VII By following the same method of calculation as provided above for quinidine sulfate, a sustained release oral medication can be prepared for Erythromycin estolate in propylene glycol. EXAMPLE VIII By following the same method of calculation as provided above for quinidine sulfate, a sustained release oral medication can be prepared for Erythromycin estolate in ethanol. EXAMPLE IX By following the same method of calculation as provided above for quinidine sulfate, a sustained release oral medication can be prepared for ampicillin, based upon the fact that 1 gram is soluble in 90 ml of water. EXAMPLE X By following the same method of calculation as provided above for quinidine sulfate, a sustained release oral medication can be prepared for Amoxicillin, as 1 gram is soluble in 370 ml of water EXAMPLE XI Isosorbide dinitrate is only very slightly soluble in water, indicating an ethanolic medium. By following the same method of calculation as provided above for quinidine sulfate, a sustained release oral medication can be prepared for isosorbide dinitrate. EXAMPLE XII A propylene glycol suspension of isosorbide dinitrate is prepared as an alternate form for the sustained release form of Example XI. EXAMPLE XIII Tolubutamide is dissolved in an ethanolic medium. By following the same method of calculation as provided above for quinidine sulfate, a sustained release oral medication is prepared. EXAMPLE XIV A propylene glycol suspension of tolbutamide is prepared as an alternate form for the sustained release form of Example XIII. EXAMPLE XV By following the same method of calculation as provided above for quinidine sulfate, a sustained release oral medication can be prepared for prednisone, based upon the fact that 1 gm dissolves in 150 ml of water. EXAMPLE XVI A sustained release dosage form is made for the slightly water soluble hydrochlorothiazide. EXAMPLE XVII Probucol is practically insoluble in water, leading to the creation of an ethanol-based solvent system for a probucol dosage form. EXAMPLE XVIII A propylene glycol-based suspension is made for probucol replacing the ethanol. EXAMPLE XIX Atropine is soluble at the rate of one gram per 460 ml water. By following the same method of calculation as provided above for quinidine sulfate, a sustained release oral medication can be prepared.
Claims
WHAT IS CLAIMED IS:
1. A dosage form for delivery of a fixed amount of a drug to provide a sustained release of said drug to a patient which comprises:
(a) a graduated container for accepting a liquid oral
sustained release medicament, said graduated
container being calibrated in units to permit an
accurate total dosage of said drug;
and
(b) a liquid oral sustained release medicament capable
of providing even blood levels of a drug in the
bloodstream of a patient over a prolonged period
of time, which comprises a suspension comprising
microcapsules of said drug suspended in a
saturated solution of said drug, the saturated
level of said drug being maintained over a
prolonged period of time for sustained release to
the bloodstream and at a substantially constant
level by means of the dissolution of the
microcapsules into solution to replace the drug
that leaves said solution, thereby maintaining the
saturated level of drug in solution.
2. The dosage form of claim 1, wherein said graduated container is a cylinder having plural markings on at least one edge to denote the total dosage for said rug when said cylinder is filled to a particular level with said liquid oral sustained release medicament.
3. The dosage form of claim 1, wherein said graduated container is a graduated eyedropper having plural markings on at least one edge to denote the total dosage for said drug when said graduated eyedropper is filled to a particular level with said liquid oral sustained release medicament.
4. The dosage form of claim 1, wherein said liquid oral sustained release medicament is insoluble or only slightly soluble in water and said suspension includes a nonaqueous solvent.
5. The dosage form of claim 1, wherein said liquid oral sustained release medicament is soluble in water and said suspension is an aqueous suspension.
6. The dosage form of claim 5, wherein said drug is theophylline.
7. The dosage form of claim 5, wherein said drug is quinidine sulfate.
8. The dosage form of claim 4, wherein said drug is aspirin.
9. A liquid oral sustained release medicament capable of providing even blood levels of a drug in the bloodstream of a patient over a prolonged period of time, which comprises a suspension comprising microcapsules of said drug suspended in a saturated solution of said drug, the saturated level of said drug being maintained over a prolonged period of time for sustained release to the bloodstream and at a substantially constant level by means of the dissolution of the microcapsules into solution to replace the drug that leaves said solution, thereby maintaining the saturated level of drug in solution.
10. The dosage form of claim 9, wherein said liquid oral sustained release medicament is insoluble or only slightly soluble in water and said suspension includes a nonaqueous solvent.
11. The dosage form of claim 9, wherein said liquid oral sustained release medicament is soluble in water and said suspension is an aqueous suspension.
12. The dosage form of claim 11, wherein said drug is theophylline.
13. The dosage form of claim 11, wherein said drug is quinidine sulfate.
14. The dosage form of claim 12, wherein said drug is aspirin.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US89390386A | 1986-06-20 | 1986-06-20 | |
US893,903 | 1986-06-20 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1987007833A2 WO1987007833A2 (en) | 1987-12-30 |
WO1987007833A1 true WO1987007833A1 (en) | 1987-12-30 |
Family
ID=25402316
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US1987/001480 WO1987007833A1 (en) | 1986-06-20 | 1987-06-22 | Oral sustained release medicament |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
WO (1) | WO1987007833A1 (en) |
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0313992A1 (en) * | 1987-10-26 | 1989-05-03 | Alza Corporation | Plurality of tiny pills in liquid dosage form |
EP0359195A2 (en) * | 1988-09-16 | 1990-03-21 | RECORDATI S.A. CHEMICAL and PHARMACEUTICAL COMPANY | Controlled release therapeutic system for liquid pharmaceutical formulations |
US5030454A (en) * | 1987-10-26 | 1991-07-09 | Alza Corporation | Method for delivering drug in tiny pills in liquid carrier |
US5296236A (en) * | 1988-09-16 | 1994-03-22 | Recordati S.A., Chemical And Pharmaceutical Company | Controlled release therapeutic system for a liquid pharmaceutical formulations |
FR2843881A1 (en) * | 2002-09-02 | 2004-03-05 | Flamel Tech Sa | Oral aqueous suspension of microencapsulated drug, e.g. acyclovir or metformin, with specific polymer based, release-controlling film coating ensuring consistent release profile after storage |
US9814684B2 (en) | 2002-04-09 | 2017-11-14 | Flamel Ireland Limited | Oral pharmaceutical formulation in the form of aqueous suspension for modified release of active principle(s) |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR882339A (en) * | 1942-01-17 | 1943-05-31 | Improvements with droppers, eye drops, pipettes, etc. | |
US4250166A (en) * | 1977-05-27 | 1981-02-10 | Shionogi & Co., Ltd. | Long acting preparation of cefalexin for effective treatments of bacterial infection sensitive to cefalexin |
-
1987
- 1987-06-22 WO PCT/US1987/001480 patent/WO1987007833A1/en unknown
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR882339A (en) * | 1942-01-17 | 1943-05-31 | Improvements with droppers, eye drops, pipettes, etc. | |
US4250166A (en) * | 1977-05-27 | 1981-02-10 | Shionogi & Co., Ltd. | Long acting preparation of cefalexin for effective treatments of bacterial infection sensitive to cefalexin |
Cited By (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0313992A1 (en) * | 1987-10-26 | 1989-05-03 | Alza Corporation | Plurality of tiny pills in liquid dosage form |
US5030454A (en) * | 1987-10-26 | 1991-07-09 | Alza Corporation | Method for delivering drug in tiny pills in liquid carrier |
EP0359195A2 (en) * | 1988-09-16 | 1990-03-21 | RECORDATI S.A. CHEMICAL and PHARMACEUTICAL COMPANY | Controlled release therapeutic system for liquid pharmaceutical formulations |
EP0359195A3 (en) * | 1988-09-16 | 1991-04-24 | RECORDATI S.A. CHEMICAL and PHARMACEUTICAL COMPANY | Controlled release therapeutic system for liquid pharmaceutical formulations |
US5296236A (en) * | 1988-09-16 | 1994-03-22 | Recordati S.A., Chemical And Pharmaceutical Company | Controlled release therapeutic system for a liquid pharmaceutical formulations |
US5405619A (en) * | 1988-09-16 | 1995-04-11 | Recordati S.A., Chemical And Pharmaceutical Company | Controlled release therapeutic system for liquid pharmaceutical formulations |
US5510119A (en) * | 1988-09-16 | 1996-04-23 | Recordati S.A., Chemical And Pharmaceuticl Company | Controlled release therapeutic system for liquid pharmaceutical formulations |
US9814684B2 (en) | 2002-04-09 | 2017-11-14 | Flamel Ireland Limited | Oral pharmaceutical formulation in the form of aqueous suspension for modified release of active principle(s) |
US10004693B2 (en) | 2002-04-09 | 2018-06-26 | Flamel Ireland Limited | Oral pharmaceutical formulation in the form of aqueous suspension for modified release of active principle(s) |
FR2843881A1 (en) * | 2002-09-02 | 2004-03-05 | Flamel Tech Sa | Oral aqueous suspension of microencapsulated drug, e.g. acyclovir or metformin, with specific polymer based, release-controlling film coating ensuring consistent release profile after storage |
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