WO1987003928A1 - Convertisseur de puissance pour un entrainement a vitesse constante compense electriquement - Google Patents

Convertisseur de puissance pour un entrainement a vitesse constante compense electriquement Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1987003928A1
WO1987003928A1 PCT/US1986/002656 US8602656W WO8703928A1 WO 1987003928 A1 WO1987003928 A1 WO 1987003928A1 US 8602656 W US8602656 W US 8602656W WO 8703928 A1 WO8703928 A1 WO 8703928A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
speed
converter
power
coupled
permanent magnet
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US1986/002656
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Bryan W. Dishner
Richard D. Juarros
P. John Dhyachand
Original Assignee
Sundstrand Corporation
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Sundstrand Corporation filed Critical Sundstrand Corporation
Publication of WO1987003928A1 publication Critical patent/WO1987003928A1/fr

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02C7/00—Features, components parts, details or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart form groups F02C1/00 - F02C6/00; Air intakes for jet-propulsion plants
    • F02C7/32—Arrangement, mounting, or driving, of auxiliaries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M5/00—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases
    • H02M5/02—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into dc
    • H02M5/04—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into dc by static converters
    • H02M5/22—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M5/25—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a thyratron or thyristor type requiring extinguishing means
    • H02M5/27—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a thyratron or thyristor type requiring extinguishing means for conversion of frequency
    • H02M5/272—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a thyratron or thyristor type requiring extinguishing means for conversion of frequency for variable speed constant frequency systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P29/00—Arrangements for regulating or controlling electric motors, appropriate for both AC and DC motors
    • H02P29/0016—Control of angular speed of one shaft without controlling the prime mover

Definitions

  • the present invention relates generally to pow ⁇ er converters, and more particularly to a power converter for use in the speed-compensation link of an electrical ⁇ ly-compensated constant speed drive.
  • Constant speed drives are typically used to convert variable speed motive power from a prime mover into constant speed motive power for driving a gen ⁇ erator so that it produces constant frequency electrical power.
  • CSD's are of the hydro echanical type which have been found to encounter difficulties in certain ap ⁇ plications. For example, when such CSD's are used in aircraft, it has been found that the drives are sensitive to aircraft attitude changes and that maintenance inter- vals are shorter than desired.
  • Known electrically-compensated CSD's include a mechanical differential speed sum er having a first input shaft coupled to the output shaft of the prime mover, a second input shaft and an output shaft at which the constant speed motive power is developed.
  • a speed-compensation link is coupled to the second input shaft of the speed summer and includes a first or compensating permanent magnet machine having a power shaft coupled to the second input of the differen ⁇ tial speed summer and electrical power windings.
  • a mo ⁇ tive power shaft of a second or control permanent magnet machine is coupled to either the output shaft of the prime mover or the output of the differential speed sum ⁇ mer.
  • the DC link inverter for controlling the flow of power between the windings of the permanent magnet machines has been found to cause excessive current flow in one of the machines at certain operating speeds.
  • the cycloconverter was thought to be capable of superior per- for ance as compared to the DC link inverter; however, this type of power converter is also subject to numerous generating difficulties.
  • the cycloconverter presents a low power factor load to the permanent magnet machines, in turn requiring unduly large and heavy machines. Also, at low speeds the cycloconver ⁇ ter can cause generation of pulsating torque at frequen ⁇ cies which are sufficiently low to permit response there ⁇ to by the mechanical components in the system. Further, at low operating speeds the permanent magnet machines do not produce enough voltage to permit natural commutation of SCR's in the cycloconverter.
  • an electrically-compensated constant speed drive includes a power converter which accomplishes the transfer of power between permanent magnet machines in a simple and effec ⁇ tive manner without the disadvantages noted above.
  • an electrically-compensated CSD for developing constant speed motive power from var ⁇ iable speed motive power developed at an output shaft of a prime mover includes a speed summer having first and second input shafts and an output shaft at which the con ⁇ stant speed motive power is developed wherein the first input shaft is coupled to the prime mover output shaft.
  • a speed-compensating permanent magnet machine having a motive power shaft is coupled to the second input shaft of the speed summer and includes electrical power wind ⁇ ings.
  • a control permanent magnet machine includes elec- trical power windings and a motive power shaft coupled to either the first or output shaft of the speed summer.
  • a power converter interconnects the electrical power wind ⁇ ings of the permanent magnet machines and includes a first bi-directional AC/DC converter coupled to the elec- trical power windings of one of the permanent magnet ma ⁇ chines, a second bi-directional AC/DC converter coupled to the electrical power windings of the other of the per- manent magnet machines and a bi-directional DC/DC conver ⁇ ter coupled between the AC/DC converters.
  • Means are in ⁇ cluded for controlling the AC/DC converters and the DC/DC converter whereby electrical power is transferred between the permanent magnet machines so that the speed compen ⁇ sating permanent magnet machine develops compensating speed of a magnitude and direction sufficient to maintain the speed summer output shaft at the desired speed.
  • the AC/DC conver- ters are identical and comprise a plurality of power switches which are connected in a bridge configuration together with flyback diodes coupled across the switches.
  • the DC/DC converter includes a bridge inverter for con ⁇ verting input DC power from one of the AC/DC converters into intermediate AC power, a transformer having a pri ⁇ mary winding coupled to the output of the bridge inverter and a secondary winding in which is developed transformer output power and a rectifier circuit coupled to the sec ⁇ ondary winding for rectifying the transformer output power to develop output DC power for the other of the AC/DC converters.
  • Means are included for bypassing the DC/DC con ⁇ verter and for directly applying the output of one of the AC/DC converters to the input of the other of the AC/DC converters when the output voltage developed by one of the permanent magnet machines is above a predetermined level. This bypassing increases the overall efficiency of the converter.
  • Fig. 1 is a block diagram of an electrically- compensated constant speed drive and power converter ac ⁇ cording to the present invention
  • Figs. 2A and 2B when joined along the dashed lines, together comprise a combined schematic and block diagram of the power converter and permanent magnet ma ⁇ chines shown in Fig. 1
  • Fig. 3 is a table illustrating the state of certain signals and operation of certain switches in the power converter shown in Figs. 2A and 2B;
  • Figs. 4A-4C is a series of waveform diagrams illustrating the operation of the power converter shown in Figs. 2A and 2B;
  • Figs. 5-8 are block diagrams of the control and logic circuits shown in Figs. 2A and 2B;
  • Fig. 9 is a block diagram of an alternative embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 there is illustrated an electrically-compensated constant speed drive (CSD) 10 which develops constant speed motive power for driving a load 12 from variable speed motive power developed at an output shaft 14 of a prime mover 16.
  • the load 12 may comprise, for example, a generator.
  • the CSD 10 includes a mechanical differential 17 comprising a speed summer 18 having a first input shaft 20 coupled to the output shaft 14 of the prime mover 16.
  • the differential 17 acco - plishes a 2:1 speed increase which is represented by the block 21 in Fig. 1.
  • the speed summer further includes an output shaft 22 which is coupled to the load 12.
  • a first or control permanent magnet machine PMMI includes a mo ⁇ tive power shaft 26 which is coupled by a gear box 27 to the output shaft 14 of the prime mover 16.
  • the PMMI fur ⁇ ther includes electrical power windings which are coupled by conductors 28 to a power converter 30.
  • a second or speed-compensating permanent magnet machine PMM2 includes electrical power windings which are coupled by conductors 32 to the power converter 30.
  • the PMM2 further includes a motive power shaft 34 which is couple 1 through a gear box 35 to a second input 36 of the differential speed summer 18.
  • the gear boxes 27 and 35 are speed multipliers having speed ratios of R& and R ⁇ , respectively. More specifically, if Ni is the output speed of the prime mov- er 14, the speed of the motive power shaft 26 of the PMMI is equal to RA I. Likewise, if the speed of the shaft coupled to the input 36 of the speed summer 18 is N2, then the speed of the motive power shaft 34 of the PMM2 is equal to R ⁇ 2.
  • the speed of the output shaft 22 of the speed summer 18 is detected by a speed sensor 40.
  • the speed sensor 40 develops a speed signal which is coupled to one input of a summing junction 42. A second input of the summing junction 42 receives a speed command signal re- presenting the desired output speed of the speed summer 18.
  • the summing junction 42 subtracts the two signals at the inputs and develops a speed error signal representing the difference between the actual output speed of the speed summer 18 and the commanded speed.
  • the speed error signal is coupled to a converter control circuit 44 which is a part of the power converter 30.
  • the speed of the output shaft 14 of the prime mover 16 is detected by a second speed sensor 46 which develops a signal representative thereof. This signal is coupled to noninverting inputs of first and second thres ⁇ hold comparators 48,50.
  • the comparators 48,50 include inverting inputs which receive reference signals REF1 and REF2, respectively. The outputs of these comparators are coupled to the converter control circuit 44 in the power converter 30.
  • the power converter 30 further includes power switching circuitry 52 which is controlled by the conver- ter control 44.
  • the power switching circuitry 52 com ⁇ prises a first bi-directional AC/DC converter 54 which is coupled to the electrical power windings of the PMMI by the conductors 28, a second bi-directional AC/DC conver ⁇ ter 56 coupled to the electrical power windings of the PMM2 by the conductors 32 and a bi-directional DC/DC con ⁇ verter 58 which is coupled between and interconnects the AC/DC converters 54,56.
  • the converter control 44 operates the converters 54-58 in one of a plurality of modes of opera- tion to control the transfer of power between the perma ⁇ nent magnet machines PMMI and PMM2 so that the speed- compensating PMM2 drives the shaft coupled to the input 36 at a speed magnitude and direction which causes the speed of the output 22 to be maintained at a desired speed.
  • the comparators 48,50 function as mode selec ⁇ tion means in that they develop mode command signals on lines 60,62 which are a function of the speed of the out ⁇ put shaft 14 of the prime mover 16.
  • mode command signals on lines 60,62 which are a function of the speed of the out ⁇ put shaft 14 of the prime mover 16.
  • N3 is the desired speed of the output shaft 22 of the speed summer 18.
  • straight-through occurs when the speed at the first input 20 of the speed summer 18 is equal to the desired output speed N3 so that no speed compensation is effected by the permanent magnet machine PMM2.
  • the CSD drives a four pole generator 12 at a desired speed of 12,000 rpm. In this case, straight-through occurs when the output shaft 14 of the prime mover 16 is driven at 6,000 rpm.
  • constant speed drive 10 illus ⁇ trated in the figures may be operated to produce a dif ⁇ ferent constant desired speed, as required.
  • Figs. 2A and 2B there is il- lustrated in greater detail the power converter 30 and the permanent magnet machines PMMI and PMM2.
  • Figs. 1 and 2A,2B letters are used to identify signals carried on various lines shown therein. Identical reference let ⁇ ters in Figs. 1 and/or 2A,2B designate lines which carry the same signal.
  • Each of the AC/DC converters 54,56 comprises six power switches S 1-S 6 and SW7-SW12, respectively.
  • the six power switches in each of the converters 54,56 are connected in a three-phase bridge configuration.
  • Flyback diodes D1-D6 and D7-D12 are coupled in anti- parallel relationship across the switches S 1-S 6 and S 7-SW12, respectively.
  • a filtering capacitor Cl is cou ⁇ pled across input/output terminals T1,T2 of the converter 54 and a similar capacitor C2 is coupled across input/ output terminals T3,T4 of the power converter 56.
  • Electrical power windings 70a-70c of the PMMI are coupled by lines 28a-28c, respectively, to junctions 71a-71c between pairs of series-connected switches SW1-S 6.
  • electrical power windings 72a-72c of the permanent magnet machine PMM2 are coupled to junctions 73a-73 ⁇ between pairs of series-connected switches SW7-SW12 by conductors 32a-32c.
  • the switches S 1-S 6 and S 7-S 12 are operated by inverter/rectifier control circuits 80,82, respective ⁇ ly.
  • the control circuit 80 receives rotor position and speed signals M,N from sensors 84,86 representing the position and speed of the rotor of the permanent magnet machine PMMI and a current signal 0 developed by a cur ⁇ rent sensor 88 representing the current in one of the phases of the electrical power windings 70.
  • the control circuit also receives a signal F comprising the speed error signal from the summing junction 42, Fig. 1, and an enable signal E which, when high, enables operation of the switches SW1-S 6, as noted more specifically below. This signal is also developed by a mode selection logic circuit 90 described in greater detail below.
  • the inverter/rectifier control circuit 82 like- wise receives speed and position signals U,V from sensors 92,94 representing the speed and position of the rotor of the permanent magnet machine PMM2.
  • a current signal T is developed by a current sensor 96 and is coupled to the control circuit 82 along with the speed error signal F developed by the summing junction 42.
  • An enable signal D is coupled to the control circuit 82 which, when high, enables operation of the switches S 7-S 12.
  • the control circuit 82 receives a direction signal C which, when high, indicates that the speed of the shaft 14 is below straight-through and which, when low, indicates that the speed of the shaft 14 is above straight-through.
  • the signals C,D are developed by the mode selection logic circuit 90.
  • the DC/DC converter 58 comprises main switches SW13-SW16 which are connected in a H-bridge configuration and which, when operated, develop intermediate AC power.
  • a transformer 100 includes a primary winding 100P coupled between junctions 102,104 and a secondary winding 100S which develops transformer output power. The secondary winding is coupled across input terminals of a rectifier circuit 106 which comprises a full wave rectifier.
  • the junction 102 comprises the point of connection between the switches SW13 and S 14 while the junction 104 is at the point of connection between the switches SW15 and S 16.
  • An output terminal of the rectifier circuit 106 is coupled by an output inductor 108 to first and second output steering switches SW17,SW18, respectively. These switches are coupled through diodes D13,D14 to DC power buses 120,122 which are in turn coupled to the input/out ⁇ put terminals T1,T3, respectively.
  • Each of the power buses 120,122 may be selec- tively connected to the switches SW13 and S 15 by closure of one of a pair of input steering switches S 19,S 20.
  • Diodes D15 and D16 are connected in series with the emit ⁇ ters of the switches S 19,SW20 and are poled to prevent reverse conduction therethrough.
  • First and second bypass switches S 21 and S 22 are coupled together with diodes D17,D18 between the pow ⁇ er buses 120,122.
  • the switches S 21,SW22 when operated, cause bypassing of the DC/DC converter 58 in opposite directions, as noted more specifically below.
  • Flyback diodes D19-D22 are coupled across the switches SW13-SW16 to provide a path for reactive cur ⁇ rents.
  • the switches S 13-S 16 are operated by a DC/DC control circuit 124 which controls the transfer of power between the converters 54,56.
  • the control circuit 124 receives voltage signals P,S representing the voltage on the power buses 120,122, respectively, and a current sig ⁇ nal Q representing the output current of the DC/DC con ⁇ verter 58.
  • the DC/DC control circuit 124 also receives an enable signal L which, when high, enables operation of the switches S 13-SW16, a signal B comprising the signal developed by the comparator 50, Fig. 1, and the speed error signal F from the summing junction 42.
  • the switches SW17-SW22 are operated by the mode selection logic circuit 90.
  • This circuit receives the signals A and B from the comparators 48,50, Fig. 1, and the voltage signals P,S representing the voltage on the power buses 120,122.
  • the first operational mode occurs when the speed of the shaft 14 is well below straight-through (re ⁇ ferred to as the "below" mode) .
  • the signal A developed by the comparator 48 is in a low state, as indicated by the table of Fig. 3.
  • the permanent magnet machine PMMI must be operated as a generator and the PMM2 must be operated as a motor to provide compensating speed to the speed summer 18.
  • the switches SW1-SW6 are opened so that the power developed by the PMMI is full-wave recti ⁇ fied by the diodes D1-D6 and filtered by the capacitor Cl.
  • the relatively low rotational speed of the shaft 26 of the PMMI results in insufficient voltage be- ing developed at the terminals Tl and T2 to operate the PMM2 at the required speed. It is therefore necessary for the DC/DC control circuit 124 to operate the conver ⁇ ter 58 as a step up converter so that the voltage on the bus 120 is boosted.
  • the switches SW19 and SW18 are closed and the switches SW17 and SW20-SW22 are opened by the mode selection logic cir ⁇ cuit 90 so that the bus 120 is coupled to the switches SW13-SW16 and the rectifier circuit 106 is coupled to the power bus 122.
  • the switches SW13-SW16 are enabled by a high state signal L and are operated by the DC/DC control circuit 124 to boost the voltage on the power bus 120 and the boosted voltage is delivered to the switches SW7-SW12 via the power bus 122.
  • the switches SW7-SW12 are operat ⁇ ed by the control circuit 82 to control the flow of power to the PMM2 so that it develops the appropriate rotor speed and direction for compensation.
  • the signal D is high at this time to enable operation of the switches SW7- SW12.
  • the signal E is low so that operation of the switches SW1-SW6 is disabled.
  • the signal C is high at this time to indicate that the permanent magnet machine PMM2 is to operate in a first or positive direction to accomplish positive speed compensation.
  • the mode selection logic circuit 90 closes the switch SW21 to couple the power buses 120,122 to one another.
  • the signal L drops to a low state which in turn disables the switches SW13-SW16 and the switches SW18,SW19 are opened.
  • the DC/DC converter 58 is thereby deactuated, in turn improving the overall effi ⁇ ciency of the converter 30.
  • the DC/DC converter 58 may be operated as a step down converter to step down the voltage between the power buses 120 and 122 so that the voltage on the power bus 122 is maintained at an appropriate value. This result may alternatively be achieved by operating the switches SW7-SW12 in a PWM mode of operation, if desired.
  • the permanent magnet machine PMM2 must sub ⁇ tract speed from the speed summer 18.
  • the motive power shaft 34 of the PMM2 is turning at a relatively low rate.
  • This relatively low rotational rate results in a relatively low voltage level being de ⁇ veloped at the terminals T3,T4 of the converter 56, which voltage does not exceed the threshold level of the DC/DC converter 58.
  • the design of the differential speed summer 18 such that the torque at each of the in ⁇ puts and outputs 20,36,22 must be the same.
  • the PMM2 must develop torque at the output shaft 34 which torque is normally developed when the PMM2 is operating as a generator by loading the electrical power windings 72 thereof. As a practical matter, this cannot be accom ⁇ plished at this point due to the relatively low voltage developed by the windings 72.
  • the solution to the above problem is to operate the permanent magnet machine PMM2 as a motor in the plug ⁇ ging mode so that power is dissipated in the windings 72. This is accomplished by operating the PMMI as a generator and by shifting the phase of each of the switch control signals for the switches SW7-SW12 by 180° as compared with the switch control signals for these switches while operating the below or below-bypass modes.
  • bypass switch SW21 is turned off and the switches SW18 and SW19 in the DC/DC converter 58 are closed to couple the DC power bus 120 to the switches SW13-SW16 and to couple the rectifier 106 to the conver ⁇ ter 56.
  • the switches SW13-SW16 are operated so that power developed by the PMMI is delivered to the windings of the PMM2.
  • the signals A and C switch states.
  • the signal B remains in the low state until a predetermined point is reached at which the PMM2 can be operated as a generator.
  • the enable signals D and E switch states so that the switches SW7- SW12 are disabled, i.e. opened, while the switches SW1- SW6 are enabled by the signal E. Further, the switches SW18 and SW19 are opened and the switches SW17 and SW20 are closed to connect the DC bus 122 to the switches SW13-SW16 and to connect the output of the rectifier cir ⁇ cuit 106 to the bus 120.
  • the switches SW13-SW16 are op ⁇ erated such that the DC/DC converter 58 operates as a step up converter to step up the voltage from the DC bus 122 to the bus 120.
  • the switches SW1-SW6 are operated as an inverter in the full on mode to supply alternating voltage to the electrical power windings 70 of the PMMI.
  • the PMMI is thereby operated as a motor at a speed deter- mined by the speed of the shaft 14.
  • the voltage developed by the PMM2 also continues to increase.
  • a point may be reached at which the DC/DC converter can be bypassed at which point an "above-bypass" mode is initiated.
  • the switch SW22 is closed and the switches SW13-SW20 are dis ⁇ abled.
  • the DC/DC converter 58 is thereby turned off and bypassed so that the voltage on the bus 122 is delivered directly to the bus 120. This bypassing and deactuation of the converter 58 are undertaken in part in response to a change of state of the signal L developed by the mode selection logic circuit 90 which is coupled to the con ⁇ trol circuit 124.
  • the switches SW1-SW6 While in the "above-bypass" mode, the switches SW1-SW6 are controlled to inverter the DC voltage on the bus 120 into alternating current power so that the PMMI is operated as a motor. If the speed of the shaft 14 continues to sig ⁇ nificantly increase, the PMM2 may generate excessive vol ⁇ tage for operating the PMMI as a motor. In this event, the DC/DC control circuit 124 may operate the converter 58 as a step down converter and/or the switches SW1-SW6 may be operated by the control circuit 80 in a PWM mode of operation so that the proper voltage is developed for the PMMI.
  • FIG. 5 there is illustrated in greater detail the inverter/rectifier control circuit 80 shown in block diagram form in Fig. 2A.
  • Figs. 4A-4C the waveforms of Figs. 4A-4C for the switches SW1, SW2, SW7 and SW8, when high, indicate the times that these switches are enabled and can turn on and off in response to control signals.
  • En ⁇ able signals for the remaining switches in the AC/DC con ⁇ verters 54,56 are identical to those shown for the switches SW1, SW2, SW7 and SW8 except for the usual 120° phase shift common in converters of this type.
  • the speed signal N representing the speed of the motive power shaft of the PMMI is compensated by a compensation circuit 140 and is coupled to one input of a summing junction 142.
  • the summing junction sums the com ⁇ pensated speed signal with a compensated version of the speed error signal F produced by a block 144 and a com ⁇ pensated version of the motor phase current signal 0 pro ⁇ quizd by a block 146.
  • the summing junction 142 thereby develops a commutation angle signal which is coupled to a phase advance circuit 148.
  • the circuit 148 develops a signal representative of the required phase advance and couples this signal to one input of a three-phase logic circuit 150.
  • the three-phase logic circuit 150 develops three-phase switching signals from the phase advance sig- nal and the signal M representing rotor position on a series of lines 152.
  • a switch driver circuit 154 con ⁇ verts the signals on the line 152 to the levels required to properly operate the switches SW1-SW6.
  • a protection circuit 156 monitors the operation of the switches SW1-SW6 to determine whether a fault or undesirable condition has arisen. These conditions may include, for example, shoot-through caused by simultan ⁇ eous conduction of series-connected switches, an overvol- tage condition, an overtemperature condition or the like. In the event such an undesirable condition arises, a high state signal is generated on a line 158 which is coupled to an inhibit circuit 160 that in turn disables the three-phase logic 150 so that the inverter is shut down.
  • a further protective function is accomplished by a current level detector 162 which causes the inhibit circuit 160 to shut down the inverter when an overcurrent condition arises in one of the three phases of the perma ⁇ nent magnet machine PMMI.
  • a summing junction 164 sums the signal O repre ⁇ senting the current in one of the phases of the PMMI with the speed signal N to derive a signal W representing the commanded bus voltage for the DC power bus 120. In other words, this signal represents the voltage necessary on the bus 120 to operate the PMMI as a motor in the desired fashion.
  • the inverter/rectifier control circuit 82 includes circuits 170-178 and 182-192 which are identical to the circuits 140-148 and 152-162 described above in connection with Fig. 5. However, these circuits use the signals T, U and V representing the phase current in one of the phases of the permanent magnet machine PMM2 and the speed and position of the motive power shaft of the PMM2 rather than the signals 0, M and N.
  • the circuit of Fig. 6 includes a direc ⁇ tion set circuit 179 that is responsive to the signal C which indicates the required direction of rotation of the PMM2 and which causes a 180° phase shift in the three- phase logic signals developed by a circuit 180 when the speed of the shaft 14 is above straight-through.
  • the structure and operation of the three-phase logic circuit 180 is in all other respects identical to the circuit 150 described above in connection with Fig. 5.
  • a summing junction 194 sums the sig ⁇ nals T and U representing phase current and shaft speed with the speed error signal F to derive a signal X repre- senting the commanded voltage on the bus 122. That is, this signal represents the required voltage on the bus 122 to operate the PMM2 properly.
  • the control circuit 124 may be implemented in part by a UC1846 current-mode PWM controller manufactured by Unitrode Corporation of Lex ⁇ ington, Massachusetts which is identified by the refer ⁇ ence numeral 200.
  • the numbers adjacent the perimeter of the block shown in the Figure representing the controller 200 designate the pin numbers of the chip.
  • a different chip or discrete components may be substituted for the controller 200, if desired.
  • the controller further includes four controlled switches 202-208, only two of which are closed at any particular time. More particularly, when the state of the signal B is high representing that the speed of the shaft 14 is high enough to run the PMM2 as a generator. the switches 202 and 206 are closed to couple the signals P and W to pins 6 and 5, respectively of the controller 200.
  • an inverter 210 converts this low state signal into a high state signal to close the switches 204 and
  • the thus-formed signals Y and Z on the lines coupled to the inputs 6 and 5 represent the voltage at the output of the DC/DC converter 58 on one of the buses
  • a pin 7 receives a compensated version of the signal Y via a compensation circuit 212.
  • a pin 8 and a pin 9 are coupled to a timing capacitor C_> and a timing resistor R , respectively.
  • a pin 4 is coupled to the signal Q via a voltage divider consisting of resistors Rl and R2.
  • a pin 3 is coupled to ground while a pin 16 re- ceives the signal L which is the enable signal for the switches SW13-SW16.
  • the control signals for the switches SW14 and SW15 is developed at a pin 11.
  • the switch control sig ⁇ nals for the switches SW13 and SW16 is developed at a pin 14.
  • FIG. 8 there is illustrated a combined block and logic diagram of the mode selection logic circuit 90.
  • a first error amplifier 220 subtracts the sig- nal Y representing the actual voltage at the output of the DC/DC converter 58 from the reference signal Z to develop an error signal which is coupled by a switch 221 to a first input of a summing junction 222.
  • a summing junction 224 subtracts the signals P and s to derive a signal representing the difference in voltage between the two buses 120, 122. This signal is coupled to a second input of the summing junction 222.
  • a second error amplifier 225 subtracts the sig ⁇ nal Z from the signal Y to develop a second error signal which is coupled by a switch 226 to the first input of the summing junction 222.
  • the switches 221,226 are oper ⁇ ated in complementary fashion, i.e.
  • one of the first and second error signals de ⁇ veloped by the error amplifiers 220,225 is coupled to the first input of the summing junction 222 as a signal R.
  • An absolute value circuit 227 converts the out- put from the summing junction 222 representing the sum of the signal R with the signal from the output of the sum ⁇ ming junction 225 to a positive level.
  • the resulting signal is coupled to a level detection circuit 228.
  • the output of the level detection circuit 228 is coupled to a first input of a pair of AND gates 230,232.
  • a second input of the first AND gate 230 receives an inverted ver ⁇ sion of the signal B from an inverter 234 while a second input of the AND gate 232 directly receives the signal B.
  • the outputs of the AND gates 230,232 are used to control the switches SW21 and SW22, respectively.
  • the function of the just-described circuitry is to close one of the bypass switches SW21 or SW22 when the summation or total of the difference between the command ⁇ ed and reference output voltages of the DC/DC converter and the difference between the voltages on the buses 120, 122 is below a predetermined value, which value is deter ⁇ mined by the level detection circuit 228.
  • the mode selection logic circuit 90 also gene ⁇ rates various signals which are used by other circuits in the converter.
  • the signal A is inverted by an inverter 238 to develop the signal C while an inverter 240 inverts the sigsal B to develop the signal D.
  • the signal B con ⁇ trols the switch 226 while the signal D controls the switch 221.
  • the switches 226,221 are closed by a low state signal B and D, respectively.
  • the signal B is logically equivalent to the signal E, and hence no additional logic circuitry need be utilized to derive same.
  • the signal L is developed by passing the out ⁇ puts of the AND gates 230,232 through a NOR gate 242.
  • the signal L is in turn combined with the signal B in an AND gate 244 to derive the switch control signals for the switches SW17 and SW20.
  • the signal L is combined with the output of the inverter 240 in an AND gate 246 to de ⁇ rive the switch control signals for the switches SW18 and SW19.
  • a sixth operational mode may be implemented which is operative when the straight-through condition arises wherein the permanent magnet machine PMM2 is held at zero speed but providing finite torque of a magnitude equal to the torque supplied at the other input and output.
  • the output shaft 14 of the prime mover 16 is coupled to the first input 20 of the speed summer 18.
  • the speed-compensating permanent magnet machine in this case PMMI, is coupled to the second in ⁇ put 36 of the differential 18.
  • the output 22 of the dif ⁇ ferential 18 is coupled directly to the load 12 and to the motive power shaft of the control permanent magnet machine PMM2.
  • a power converter 250 similar to the converter 30 described in Fig. 1 and subsequent figures, manages the flow of power between electrical power windings of the permanent magnet machines PMMI and PMM2 in part in response to the speed error signal developed by the sum ⁇ ming junction 42.
  • the PMMI adds or subtracts speed from the speed at the input 20 in order to obtain the desired speed at the output 22.
  • Fig. 9 over that shown in the preceding figures is that the control PMM2 is driven at a constant speed so that the design of the power converter 250 is simplified over the power converter 230. It should be noted that it is possible to elim ⁇ inate the requirement for a DC/DC converter with the in ⁇ put differential system. This advantage, however, may be outweighed by the fact that the permanent magnet machines which are required would be much larger than for the out- put differential system.
  • the output differential is more efficient than the input differential for shaft speeds below straight-through and that the reverse is true for shaft speeds above straight-through.
  • the controller for the output dif ⁇ ferential system must process more power and therefore must be heavier.
  • the PMM2 may be operated as a generator and the PMMI operated as a motor in the "plug ⁇ ging" mode. Also when operating in this mode, it may be possible to bypass the DC/DC converter 58, if desired, to improve efficiency.
  • either embodiment may be designed whereby the range of speeds of the shaft 14 may be con ⁇ strained to a range entirely below or entirely above straight-through, if desired. If this is the case, the design of the DC/DC converter 58 can be simplified be ⁇ cause there may be no requirement to both step up and step down voltages within a single operational mode, and power need flow in only one direction.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Control Of Eletrric Generators (AREA)

Abstract

L'entraînement à vitesse constante compensé électriquement ci-décrit (CSD) (10) comprend un additionneur de vitesse (18) ayant un premier et un second arbre d'entrée (20, 36) et un arbre de sortie (22). Le premier arbre d'entrée (20) est couplé à un moteur primaire à vitesse variable (16) et l'arbre de sortie (22) développe une puissance motrice à vitesse constante. Une machine à aimant permanent à compensation de la vitesse (PMM2) est couplée au second arbre d'entrée (36) de l'additionneur de vitesse (18). Une machine à aimant permanent de commande (PMM1) est couplé au premier arbre d'entrée (20) de l'additionneur de vitesse (18). Un convertisseur de puissance (30) relie entre eux les enroulements de puissance (70, 72) de ces deux machines à aimant permanent (PMM1, PMM2). Le convertisseur de puissance (30) comprend un premier et un second convertisseur bi-directionnel CA/CC (54, 56), un convertisseur bi-directionnel CC/CC (58), et un circuit (44) de commande des convertisseurs (54, 56, 58) de manière à maintenir l'arbre de sortie (22) de l'additionneur de vitesse (18) à une vitesse constante désirée.
PCT/US1986/002656 1985-12-23 1986-12-10 Convertisseur de puissance pour un entrainement a vitesse constante compense electriquement WO1987003928A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US81239685A 1985-12-23 1985-12-23
US812,396 1985-12-23

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1987003928A1 true WO1987003928A1 (fr) 1987-07-02

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/US1986/002656 WO1987003928A1 (fr) 1985-12-23 1986-12-10 Convertisseur de puissance pour un entrainement a vitesse constante compense electriquement

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0250552A4 (fr)
JP (1) JPS63502046A (fr)
WO (1) WO1987003928A1 (fr)

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0271498A1 (fr) * 1986-06-18 1988-06-22 Sundstrand Corporation Systeme electrogene de secours
WO1998028832A1 (fr) * 1996-12-20 1998-07-02 Manuel Dos Santos Da Ponte Dispositif generateur hybride
WO2001056133A1 (fr) * 2000-01-28 2001-08-02 Newage International Limited Systeme generateur de courant alternatif
US6690585B2 (en) 2001-08-29 2004-02-10 Oqo, Inc. Bi-directional DC power conversion system
CN101201017A (zh) * 2006-12-13 2008-06-18 通用电气公司 高速高极数发电机
US10934935B2 (en) * 2017-01-30 2021-03-02 Ge Aviation Systems Llc Engine core assistance
US11845388B2 (en) 2021-05-20 2023-12-19 General Electric Company AC electrical power system for a vehicle

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3056914A (en) * 1958-06-12 1962-10-02 Bendix Corp Constant frequency generator system
US3187250A (en) * 1961-09-11 1965-06-01 American Brake Shoe Co Frequency control system for a. c. generating apparatus
US4437050A (en) * 1980-09-22 1984-03-13 Borg-Warner Corporation Stabilizing circuit for controlled inverter-motor system
US4482854A (en) * 1981-10-09 1984-11-13 Fanuc Ltd. Inverter circuit
US4572961A (en) * 1984-04-18 1986-02-25 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Air Force Constant speed drive with compensation using differential gears
US4636707A (en) * 1984-08-20 1987-01-13 The English Electric Company Limited Power generating equipment

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3056914A (en) * 1958-06-12 1962-10-02 Bendix Corp Constant frequency generator system
US3187250A (en) * 1961-09-11 1965-06-01 American Brake Shoe Co Frequency control system for a. c. generating apparatus
US4437050A (en) * 1980-09-22 1984-03-13 Borg-Warner Corporation Stabilizing circuit for controlled inverter-motor system
US4482854A (en) * 1981-10-09 1984-11-13 Fanuc Ltd. Inverter circuit
US4572961A (en) * 1984-04-18 1986-02-25 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Air Force Constant speed drive with compensation using differential gears
US4636707A (en) * 1984-08-20 1987-01-13 The English Electric Company Limited Power generating equipment

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See also references of EP0250552A4 *

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0271498A1 (fr) * 1986-06-18 1988-06-22 Sundstrand Corporation Systeme electrogene de secours
EP0271498A4 (fr) * 1986-06-18 1989-10-12 Sundstrand Corp Systeme electrogene de secours.
WO1998028832A1 (fr) * 1996-12-20 1998-07-02 Manuel Dos Santos Da Ponte Dispositif generateur hybride
WO2001056133A1 (fr) * 2000-01-28 2001-08-02 Newage International Limited Systeme generateur de courant alternatif
US6801019B2 (en) 2000-01-28 2004-10-05 Newage International Limited AC power generating system
US6690585B2 (en) 2001-08-29 2004-02-10 Oqo, Inc. Bi-directional DC power conversion system
CN101201017A (zh) * 2006-12-13 2008-06-18 通用电气公司 高速高极数发电机
EP1936150A2 (fr) 2006-12-13 2008-06-25 General Electric Company Générateurs grande vitesse à nombre élevé de pôles
EP1936150A3 (fr) * 2006-12-13 2010-04-14 General Electric Company Générateurs grande vitesse à nombre élevé de pôles
US10934935B2 (en) * 2017-01-30 2021-03-02 Ge Aviation Systems Llc Engine core assistance
US11845388B2 (en) 2021-05-20 2023-12-19 General Electric Company AC electrical power system for a vehicle

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS63502046A (ja) 1988-08-11
EP0250552A1 (fr) 1988-01-07
EP0250552A4 (fr) 1988-08-24

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