WO1987002193A1 - Optical device - Google Patents

Optical device Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1987002193A1
WO1987002193A1 PCT/AU1986/000290 AU8600290W WO8702193A1 WO 1987002193 A1 WO1987002193 A1 WO 1987002193A1 AU 8600290 W AU8600290 W AU 8600290W WO 8702193 A1 WO8702193 A1 WO 8702193A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
radiation
optical
optical device
radio
interface
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/AU1986/000290
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Benny Allan Greene
Colin Stewart Cochran
Original Assignee
Benny Allan Greene
Colin Stewart Cochran
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Benny Allan Greene, Colin Stewart Cochran filed Critical Benny Allan Greene
Publication of WO1987002193A1 publication Critical patent/WO1987002193A1/en

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B13/00—Optical objectives specially designed for the purposes specified below
    • G02B13/14—Optical objectives specially designed for the purposes specified below for use with infrared or ultraviolet radiation
    • G02B13/146—Optical objectives specially designed for the purposes specified below for use with infrared or ultraviolet radiation with corrections for use in multiple wavelength bands, such as infrared and visible light, e.g. FLIR systems
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B23/00—Telescopes, e.g. binoculars; Periscopes; Instruments for viewing the inside of hollow bodies; Viewfinders; Optical aiming or sighting devices
    • G02B23/02—Telescopes, e.g. binoculars; Periscopes; Instruments for viewing the inside of hollow bodies; Viewfinders; Optical aiming or sighting devices involving prisms or mirrors
    • G02B23/06—Telescopes, e.g. binoculars; Periscopes; Instruments for viewing the inside of hollow bodies; Viewfinders; Optical aiming or sighting devices involving prisms or mirrors having a focussing action, e.g. parabolic mirror
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
    • H01Q19/10—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces
    • H01Q19/12—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces wherein the surfaces are concave
    • H01Q19/13—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces wherein the surfaces are concave the primary radiating source being a single radiating element, e.g. a dipole, a slot, a waveguide termination
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
    • H01Q5/40—Imbricated or interleaved structures; Combined or electromagnetically coupled arrangements, e.g. comprising two or more non-connected fed radiating elements
    • H01Q5/45—Imbricated or interleaved structures; Combined or electromagnetically coupled arrangements, e.g. comprising two or more non-connected fed radiating elements using two or more feeds in association with a common reflecting, diffracting or refracting device

Definitions

  • This invention relates to an optical device which has particular utility as a telescope but may also be employed for simultaneous tracking and transmission purposes.
  • the invention provides an optical device comprising a pair of interfaces, spaced one generally behind the other, wherein said one interface is arranged to deflect incident parallel radiation of radio frequency, and the other interface is positioned to intersect said parallel radiation of radio frequency but is arranged substantially not to disturb that radiation while deflecting parallel radiation of optical frequency.
  • radio embraces the microwave band and the term "optical”, when applied to radiation, frequency or wavelength, embraces the ultraviolet and infrared bands.
  • said interfaces are arranged to separately converge coincident radio and optical radiation to differently located foci.
  • said one interface and said other interface are respectively reflective to the radio and optical radiation, but said other interface is transparent to the radio radiation.
  • the device may further comprise a surface positioned to receive and reflect said convergent optical radiation, whereby to define a Cassegrain path.
  • a detector for the deflected radio radiation may conveniently be in the plane of the aforementioned Cassegrain reflection surface.
  • the pair of interfaces comprise respective concave reflective surfaces of different focal lengths.
  • the device may further comprise a source of radiation positioned to transmit radiation along the convergent path of said optical radiation but in the direction towards said other interface.
  • Figure 1 is a highly schematic representation of an embodiment of optical apparatus comprising a dual optical/radio telescope in accordance with the invention
  • Figure 2 is a diagram of the optics of an alternative embodiment of optical apparatus in accordance with the invention, incorporating an optical telescope configured as a celliostat and a radio telescope configured as an off-axis parabaloid.
  • the dual telescope 10 schematically illustrated in Figure 1 includes an optical assembly 12 which defines a pair of interfaces comprising respective front and rear concave surfaces 14, 16 of different focal lengths.
  • Surface 14 is figured and coated as an optical mirror arranged to converge parallel radiation of optical frequencies while surface 16 is figured as a radio antenna arranged to converge parallel radiation of radio frequencies.
  • the optical and radio radiation are co-incident, as indicated by ray lines 8, and both are intersected by surface 14.
  • the material of this surface is chosen so that it substantially does not disturb, and indeed is transparent to, radio radiation.
  • Surface 16 may be clad in polished metal, or other material highly reflective at the radio frequency desired.
  • Assembly 12 is typically not solid but is provided with means to cool surfaces 14, 16, for example by being hollow inside to permit internal circulation of a liquid or gaseous coolant.
  • Convergent optical radiation reflected by surface 14 is further reflected from a secondary, convex, mirror 18 so as to follow a Cassegrain path indicated by ray lines 20, to a Cassegrain focus 22 behind and perhaps to the side of assembly 12.
  • a suitable detector (not shown) may typically be disposed at or near focus 22.
  • the radio signal reflected from antenna surface 16 is focussed to a radio detector 24 at the centre of secondary mirror 18.
  • the configuration depicted in Figure 1 allows the telescope principle axis to be the same for the radio telescope component 16, 24 and for the optical telescope conponent 14, 18, 22. Tracking data from both telescopes may thus be merged with complete confidence. This is to be con ⁇ trasted with conventional arrangements utilizing side- by-side radio and optical telescopes, in which there may be many microradians of error in translating from one system to the other.
  • An important application of the invention is as a directed energy device utilizing tracking radar and transmission of a beam of optical energy, e.g. a laser beam.
  • a beam of optical energy e.g. a laser beam.
  • the configuration of Figure 1 may be utilized to axially lock a microwave radar system, employing ⁇ the radio telescope component 16, 24, with sub-microradian accuracy to a laser transmitter which utilizes the optical telescope component 14, 18, 22 to transmit the laser beam to precisely the point, perhaps in space, where the radio telescope is "looking".
  • a source of radiation in the exemplary case a laser resonator, is disposed to transmit radiation along the convergent path of the optical radiation but in the direction towards surface 14.
  • the illustrated device may be employed to simultaneously receive and/or transmit in both radio and optical bands.
  • Another application is in a purely RADAR/LIDAR mode, where a target is tracked optically or by RADAR, or both simultaneously.
  • the invention has applications to counter stealth anti-radar technology in this mode. Also, the optical tracking is capable of overcoming radar chaff and electronic counter- measures against radar
  • the separate radio (e.g. microwave) telescopes can be combined using phased array or synthetic aperture techniques to produce an effective single large telescope.
  • the optical telescopes which are spatially well defined, can be used for transmitting and receiving, in coherent and incoherent modes. That is, the optical telescopes could transmit as independent directed energy devices or coherently, in phase, to achieve greater effect. Conversely, they can be used as an optical interferometer to detect and map targets.
  • the essential advantage of this inventive device is that capabilities at two widely disbursed frequencies can be axially locked together at a precision for each single instrument which is limited by the diffraction limit of the aperture chosen at the longer wavelength.
  • FIG. 2 A further embodiment is shown in Figure 2, where the optical telescope is a celiostat, and the radio telescope is an off-axis parabaloid with prime focus.
  • the focus of the radio telescope moves with both axes of the optical telescope, but this need not always be so.
  • the effective area of the radio and optical telescopes need not always be the same.

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Astronomy & Astrophysics (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Telescopes (AREA)
  • Lenses (AREA)
  • Optical Communication System (AREA)
  • Glass Compositions (AREA)

Abstract

The optical device includes a pair of interfaces (14, 16) spaced one generally behind the other. The rear interface (16) is arranged to deflect incident parallel radiation of radio frequency, while the other (14) is positioned to intersect the parallel radiation of radio frequency but is arranged substantially not to disturb that radiation while deflecting parallel radiation of optical frequency.

Description

"OPTICAL DEVICE'
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to an optical device which has particular utility as a telescope but may also be employed for simultaneous tracking and transmission purposes.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
More particularly, the invention provides an optical device comprising a pair of interfaces, spaced one generally behind the other, wherein said one interface is arranged to deflect incident parallel radiation of radio frequency, and the other interface is positioned to intersect said parallel radiation of radio frequency but is arranged substantially not to disturb that radiation while deflecting parallel radiation of optical frequency.
It is to be understood that, as employed herein and in accordance with accepted practice, the term "radio" embraces the microwave band and the term "optical", when applied to radiation, frequency or wavelength, embraces the ultraviolet and infrared bands. Preferably, said interfaces are arranged to separately converge coincident radio and optical radiation to differently located foci.
In a preferred configuration said one interface and said other interface are respectively reflective to the radio and optical radiation, but said other interface is transparent to the radio radiation.
The device may further comprise a surface positioned to receive and reflect said convergent optical radiation, whereby to define a Cassegrain path. There may also be a detector for the deflected radio radiation, which may conveniently be in the plane of the aforementioned Cassegrain reflection surface.
In one application, applicable in a dual frequency telescope of conventional optical configuration, the pair of interfaces comprise respective concave reflective surfaces of different focal lengths.
In an alternative application, the device may further comprise a source of radiation positioned to transmit radiation along the convergent path of said optical radiation but in the direction towards said other interface.
The invention will now be further described, by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
Figure 1 is a highly schematic representation of an embodiment of optical apparatus comprising a dual optical/radio telescope in accordance with the invention; and Figure 2 is a diagram of the optics of an alternative embodiment of optical apparatus in accordance with the invention, incorporating an optical telescope configured as a celliostat and a radio telescope configured as an off-axis parabaloid.
BEST MODES FOR PRACTISING THE INVENTION
The dual telescope 10 schematically illustrated in Figure 1 includes an optical assembly 12 which defines a pair of interfaces comprising respective front and rear concave surfaces 14, 16 of different focal lengths. Surface 14 is figured and coated as an optical mirror arranged to converge parallel radiation of optical frequencies while surface 16 is figured as a radio antenna arranged to converge parallel radiation of radio frequencies.
In use of the apparatus the optical and radio radiation are co-incident, as indicated by ray lines 8, and both are intersected by surface 14.. However, the material of this surface is chosen so that it substantially does not disturb, and indeed is transparent to, radio radiation. Surface 16 may be clad in polished metal, or other material highly reflective at the radio frequency desired.
Assembly 12 is typically not solid but is provided with means to cool surfaces 14, 16, for example by being hollow inside to permit internal circulation of a liquid or gaseous coolant.
Convergent optical radiation reflected by surface 14 is further reflected from a secondary, convex, mirror 18 so as to follow a Cassegrain path indicated by ray lines 20, to a Cassegrain focus 22 behind and perhaps to the side of assembly 12. A suitable detector (not shown) may typically be disposed at or near focus 22.
• The radio signal reflected from antenna surface 16 is focussed to a radio detector 24 at the centre of secondary mirror 18. It will be appreciated that the configuration depicted in Figure 1 allows the telescope principle axis to be the same for the radio telescope component 16, 24 and for the optical telescope conponent 14, 18, 22. Tracking data from both telescopes may thus be merged with complete confidence. This is to be con¬ trasted with conventional arrangements utilizing side- by-side radio and optical telescopes, in which there may be many microradians of error in translating from one system to the other.
An important application of the invention is as a directed energy device utilizing tracking radar and transmission of a beam of optical energy, e.g. a laser beam. With such devices, less than' one microradian of error is allowable. For example, the configuration of Figure 1 may be utilized to axially lock a microwave radar system, employing^ the radio telescope component 16, 24, with sub-microradian accuracy to a laser transmitter which utilizes the optical telescope component 14, 18, 22 to transmit the laser beam to precisely the point, perhaps in space, where the radio telescope is "looking". In the latter case, a source of radiation, in the exemplary case a laser resonator, is disposed to transmit radiation along the convergent path of the optical radiation but in the direction towards surface 14.
In general, the illustrated device may be employed to simultaneously receive and/or transmit in both radio and optical bands.
Another application (not illustrated) is in a purely RADAR/LIDAR mode, where a target is tracked optically or by RADAR, or both simultaneously. The invention has applications to counter stealth anti-radar technology in this mode. Also, the optical tracking is capable of overcoming radar chaff and electronic counter- measures against radar
When telescopes of the kind illustrated in Figure 1 are operated jointly, in pairs or arrays containing several or many, the separate radio (e.g. microwave) telescopes can be combined using phased array or synthetic aperture techniques to produce an effective single large telescope. The optical telescopes, which are spatially well defined, can be used for transmitting and receiving, in coherent and incoherent modes. That is, the optical telescopes could transmit as independent directed energy devices or coherently, in phase, to achieve greater effect. Conversely, they can be used as an optical interferometer to detect and map targets.
The essential advantage of this inventive device is that capabilities at two widely disbursed frequencies can be axially locked together at a precision for each single instrument which is limited by the diffraction limit of the aperture chosen at the longer wavelength.
A further embodiment is shown in Figure 2, where the optical telescope is a celiostat, and the radio telescope is an off-axis parabaloid with prime focus. The focus of the radio telescope moves with both axes of the optical telescope, but this need not always be so. The effective area of the radio and optical telescopes need not always be the same.

Claims

1. An optical device comprising a pair of interfaces spaced one generally behind the other, wherein said one interface is arranged to deflect incident parallel radiation of radio frequency, and the other interface is positioned to intersect said parallel radiation of radio frequency but is arranged substantially not to disturb that radiation while deflecting parallel radiation of optical frequency.
2. An optical device according to claim 1 wherein said interfaces are arranged to separately converge coincident radio and optical radiation to differently located foci.
3. An optical device according to claim 1 or 2 wherein said one interface and said other interface are respectively reflective to the radio and optical radiation, but said other interface is transparent to the radio radiation.
4. An optical device according to claim 2 further comprising a surface positioned to receive and reflect said convergent optical radiation, whereby to define a Cassegrain path therefor.
5. An optical device according to any preceding claim further comprising a detector for said deflected radio radiation.
6. An optical device according to claims 4 and 5 wherein said detector at the centre of said surface.
7. .An optical device according to any preceding claim wherein said pair of interfaces comprise respective concave reflective surfaces of different focal lengths.
8. An optical device according to claim 2 further comprising a source of radiation positioned to transmit radiation along the convergent path of said optical radiation but in the direction towards said other interface.
9. An optical device according to any preceding claim wherein said interfaces comprise respective spaced surfaces on a common assembly.
10. An optical device according to claim 9 wherein said assembly is provided with means to cool said interfaces.
PCT/AU1986/000290 1985-10-04 1986-10-03 Optical device WO1987002193A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU271385 1985-10-04
AUPH2713 1985-10-04

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1987002193A1 true WO1987002193A1 (en) 1987-04-09

Family

ID=3693209

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/AU1986/000290 WO1987002193A1 (en) 1985-10-04 1986-10-03 Optical device

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0238662A1 (en)
AU (1) AU600252B2 (en)
WO (1) WO1987002193A1 (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2245765A (en) * 1987-07-02 1992-01-08 British Aerospace Electromagnetic radiation receiver

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4247858A (en) * 1979-05-21 1981-01-27 Kurt Eichweber Antennas for use with optical and high-frequency radiation
US4264907A (en) * 1968-04-17 1981-04-28 General Dynamics Corporation, Pomona Division Rolling dual mode missile
US4282527A (en) * 1979-06-11 1981-08-04 General Dynamics, Pomona Division Multi-spectral detection system with common collecting means
JPS58109870A (en) * 1981-12-23 1983-06-30 Mitsubishi Electric Corp Target tracking and predicting system
US4477814A (en) * 1982-08-02 1984-10-16 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Air Force Dual mode radio frequency-infrared frequency system
SU1133632A1 (en) * 1983-10-28 1985-01-07 Московский Ордена Ленина И Ордена Октябрьской Революции Авиационный Институт Им.Серго Орджоникидзе Cassegrainian aerial
JPS61178682A (en) * 1985-02-05 1986-08-11 Mitsubishi Electric Corp Transmitting and receiving apparatus
JPS61178683A (en) * 1985-02-05 1986-08-11 Mitsubishi Electric Corp Transmitting and receiving apparatus

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4264907A (en) * 1968-04-17 1981-04-28 General Dynamics Corporation, Pomona Division Rolling dual mode missile
US4247858A (en) * 1979-05-21 1981-01-27 Kurt Eichweber Antennas for use with optical and high-frequency radiation
US4282527A (en) * 1979-06-11 1981-08-04 General Dynamics, Pomona Division Multi-spectral detection system with common collecting means
JPS58109870A (en) * 1981-12-23 1983-06-30 Mitsubishi Electric Corp Target tracking and predicting system
US4477814A (en) * 1982-08-02 1984-10-16 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Air Force Dual mode radio frequency-infrared frequency system
SU1133632A1 (en) * 1983-10-28 1985-01-07 Московский Ордена Ленина И Ордена Октябрьской Революции Авиационный Институт Им.Серго Орджоникидзе Cassegrainian aerial
JPS61178682A (en) * 1985-02-05 1986-08-11 Mitsubishi Electric Corp Transmitting and receiving apparatus
JPS61178683A (en) * 1985-02-05 1986-08-11 Mitsubishi Electric Corp Transmitting and receiving apparatus

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2245765A (en) * 1987-07-02 1992-01-08 British Aerospace Electromagnetic radiation receiver
US5089828A (en) * 1987-07-02 1992-02-18 British Aerospace Public Limited Company Electromagnetic radiation receiver
GB2245765B (en) * 1987-07-02 1992-03-25 British Aerospace Electromagnetic radiation receiver
FR2687803A1 (en) * 1987-07-02 1993-08-27 British Aerospace ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION RECEIVER.

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0238662A1 (en) 1987-09-30
AU6776787A (en) 1987-04-24
AU600252B2 (en) 1990-08-09

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