WO1986005272A1 - Procede de mesure d'efforts dans un materiau en plaques a l'aide d'ondes ultrasoniques - Google Patents

Procede de mesure d'efforts dans un materiau en plaques a l'aide d'ondes ultrasoniques Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1986005272A1
WO1986005272A1 PCT/JP1985/000093 JP8500093W WO8605272A1 WO 1986005272 A1 WO1986005272 A1 WO 1986005272A1 JP 8500093 W JP8500093 W JP 8500093W WO 8605272 A1 WO8605272 A1 WO 8605272A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
stress
plate
wave
plate material
measuring
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/JP1985/000093
Other languages
English (en)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
Hiroyuki Nishimori
Yukio Ogura
Original Assignee
Hitachi Construction Machinery Co., Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Hitachi Construction Machinery Co., Ltd filed Critical Hitachi Construction Machinery Co., Ltd
Priority to PCT/JP1985/000093 priority Critical patent/WO1986005272A1/fr
Publication of WO1986005272A1 publication Critical patent/WO1986005272A1/fr

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
    • G01L1/00—Measuring force or stress, in general
    • G01L1/25—Measuring force or stress, in general using wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays, microwaves, neutrons
    • G01L1/255—Measuring force or stress, in general using wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays, microwaves, neutrons using acoustic waves, or acoustic emission
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
    • G01N29/04—Analysing solids
    • G01N29/07—Analysing solids by measuring propagation velocity or propagation time of acoustic waves
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
    • G01N2291/02—Indexing codes associated with the analysed material
    • G01N2291/028—Material parameters
    • G01N2291/02827—Elastic parameters, strength or force

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for measuring the stress of various sheet materials using ultrasonic waves.
  • the plate material according to the present invention is a metal or a non-metal, and has a thickness (usually about 6 mm or less) at which a plate wave is generated when ultrasonic waves are incident and the plate wave can be propagated.
  • Board material 0 is a metal or a non-metal, and has a thickness (usually about 6 mm or less) at which a plate wave is generated when ultrasonic waves are incident and the plate wave can be propagated.
  • the present invention is applied to the measurement when the tensile stress or the compressive stress is acting on the plate material and when the tensile stress or the compressive stress is acting on the plate material, and from the measurement of the stress, the measurement of the force and the strain acting on the plate material. Also applies to Technology
  • the method of using the extensometer in (i) is that recently, an electric extensometer of the differential transformer type can automatically record and the measurable range of the extension is widened. It has been widely used for any reason.
  • the configuration is such that the iron cores arranged in the primary coil and the two secondary coils move as the specimen elongates, and a constant voltage alternating current is applied to the primary coil. When this is done, the difference between the voltages appearing in the two secondary coils is extracted, amplified, and input to the instruction recording device.
  • the quality of the adhesion between the test piece and the iron core has a large effect on the measurement, and the temperature of the test piece needs to be controlled. This is a method that is superior to the measurement methods used indoors.
  • the method of using the resistance wire strain meter of (ii) is as follows.
  • This method has long been commonly used as a method of measuring stress from the amount of strain in a specimen.
  • an adhesive type strain gauge is used.
  • the lattice type G shown in Fig. 8 is the standard type because it is inexpensive and easy to adhere to the subject. Many are used.
  • Reference numeral 10 denotes an insulation board
  • reference numeral 11 denotes a thin alloy resistance wire attached on the insulation board 10, which is similarly connected to the gauge I 2 affixed on the insulation board 10.
  • the electric resistance value of the stress measurement part is changed before and after the stress is generated.
  • the amount of change is directly proportional to the amount of elongation or contraction that occurs in the direction of the stress at the same time as the stress is generated.
  • R is the electric resistance of the stress measuring part before the stress is generated, is the amount of change in the electric resistance
  • ⁇ is a proportional constant
  • e is the stress in the stress direction of the stress measuring part. The amount of deformation that elongates or shrinks.
  • ⁇ 1 in the above equation is measured, and e and stress are calculated from the measured values.
  • This method enables accurate measurement if the appropriate resistance strain gauge is selected for the subject and if the adhesion is complete.
  • the resistance wire strain gauge itself is required to have moisture resistance, weather resistance, etc., and if these performances are insufficient, The result is that the measured values are significantly out of order.
  • the major problem is that the resistance wire strain gauge must be adhered to the stress measurement part so as not to separate easily.
  • pre-treatment When bonding, remove the paint on the stress measurement part of the specimen or remove the paint, so-called pre-treatment is necessary.] ?, measure if the pre-treatment is insufficient and the adhesion is poor The value is incorrect. This pretreatment causes a significant waste of measurement time by this method.
  • the problem with this method is that only the stress at the part where the resistance wire strain gauge is bonded is measured], but the stress around the bonded part becomes the estimated stress. . It is impossible to estimate the stress at a position away from the periphery of the “bonded” part, and a new resistance wire strain gauge must be bonded and measured.
  • the method of measuring stress using X-rays of oil is to irradiate X-rays at various angles into the crystal of the subject where stress is present, and to determine the X-ray wavelength and intra-crystal
  • This method measures stress from crystal strain using a certain relationship between the atomic plane spacing, the atomic plane and the angle of incidence of X-rays.
  • residual stress can be measured, but the measuring device is not large and simple, and the measured value is Since it is directly related to the irradiation angle and the crystal state of the subject, there is a problem that the flapping is large and the reliability is low.
  • a stress paint that forms a film is applied in advance, and if stress acts on the film, the film will form on the surface, depending on the strain.9, cracks perpendicular to the maximum strain direction
  • A is 0%, 21% C steel
  • B is 0.38% C steel
  • C is 24-21 Ni-Cr steel.
  • the dimensions are 1) for tensile test. about ? 5 16 X 337 Haze, approx. ⁇ 30 X 150 mm for compression test, tensile! )
  • the test results are given for a total of 20 tests: 8 tests for longitudinal waves, 2 tests for shear waves, 2 tests for surface waves, and 8 compression tests for longitudinal waves. Each test is a simple tensile test that generates longitudinal strain] or a compression test.
  • any method for measuring the acting stress of the subject using the change in the speed of sound of the ultrasonic wave is reported. Since longitudinal waves are used to determine the velocity of sound based on the location of the B-eco that occurs in response to the magnitude of the applied stress on the subject, the change in sound velocity is measured, and the applied stress is measured. A flat surface corresponding to the bottom surface where B echo is generated is required together with the machined probe installation surface, and the plane must also have an effective reflection area. For this reason, if this method can be applied, it is limited to extremely long linear materials, such as axles and rotors for generators, etc., and particularly to the plate material targeted by the present invention.
  • this method In addition to ensuring a large effective reflection area, especially in the case of thin plates of 1 to 2 mm or less, this method should be applied in addition to the mode conversion of longitudinal waves into plate waves. And can be done. Therefore, this method also has the same problems as the above-mentioned measuring methods using ultrasonic waves, and at present, uses a plate wave to measure a thin pattern of about 6 mm or less. No method has been confirmed for measuring the acting stress of a rod or a flat plate.
  • a basic object of the present invention is to provide a method for measuring the stress of a sheet material by using an ultrasonic wave, which can easily, clearly, and quantitatively measure with high accuracy and in a short time. .
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for measuring the stress of a plate material, which can measure a subject in real time.
  • Et al is, the present invention ⁇ >; other purposes will to enable you describe or RaAkira et crab understood below.
  • DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION The present invention provides an ultrasonic wave incident on a thin elastic plate material capable of propagating a plate wave so that the plate wave is generated, and the sound speed of the plate wave propagating through the plate material is reduced.
  • the feature is to measure the stress of the plate using the rate of change that changes according to the stress acting on the plate as an evaluation index.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating the principle of the present invention.
  • reference numeral 1 denotes a plate material of a subject, which is a thin elastic body through which a plate wave can propagate.
  • ⁇ is the point of incidence of the ultrasonic wave
  • B is the point of emission
  • a constant interval is maintained between A and B.
  • a longitudinal wave is incident on the plate 1 from the incident point A at an incident angle.
  • the angle of incidence is defined as the frequency of longitudinal wave, Depends on the thickness and Poisson's ratio.
  • the incident wave is parallel to the direction of the wave and the plate surface of plate 1 1
  • the longitudinal wave component (P wave) The transverse wave component (SV wave) perpendicular to the plate surface of plate 1 creates a body-shaped wave], and the vibration of the particles of plate 1 generates an elliptical motion by the sum of P wave and SV wave.
  • Lam wave narrow plate wave
  • the Lamb wave 5 propagating in the plate 1 is emitted from the emission point B and received.
  • the Lamb wave 5 is mode-converted into a longitudinal wave, and is emitted and received.
  • the received longitudinal wave sound pressure signal is displayed on an A-scope CRT using rectangular coordinates with the received amount on the vertical axis and the propagation time of the ram wave 5 on the horizontal axis. And an eco-reactor as shown in FIG. It is a turn. S: 3 ⁇ 4
  • transmitted waves Depending on the magnitude of the tension F applied to the plate 1 in the direction of the arrow besides the loss ⁇ ], echo L of the received sound pressure signal at different time axis positions appears.
  • the appearance position of the echo L is the position of the origin 0 on the time axis, the magnitude of the tension F acting on the plate 1, in other words, the average acting on the plate 1 obtained by dividing the tension F by the cross-sectional area of the plate 1.
  • the sound velocity of the Lam wave 5 propagating in the plate 1 is opposite to the sound velocity of the longitudinal wave. Increases as the size increases. This has been confirmed by experiments performed by the inventors [9]. However, as the speed of sound increases, the propagation time decreases. Therefore, the propagation time Zlt depends on the magnitude of the tensile stress. Correspondingly, from the force required to determine the sound speed of the Lamb wave 5 propagating in the plate 1,
  • ⁇ Y ⁇ V! — V 0 (1).
  • ⁇ 0 is the sound velocity of Lamb wave 5 when the applied stress is zero. Therefore, the rate of change of sound speed ⁇ V Vo is
  • T t (3) is obtained.
  • t is the tensile stress of plate 1
  • K is the proportionality constant, frequency, plate thickness and Poisson's ratio of plate 1, and the angle of incidence. Is determined by
  • a wide plate having a non-strip-like surface with a width of ?? a plurality of the transmitting and receiving probes are provided in the width direction of the plate, and the measurement is performed by the above method.
  • the acting stress of 9 wide plate materials it is possible to obtain the acting stress of 9 wide plate materials.
  • the measurement method of the present invention It utilizes the rate of change in the speed of sound of a plate wave propagating through the plate material 1, which changes according to the force. For this reason, if the above proportionality constant ⁇ is determined for the material and plate thickness of the test object, the sound velocity change rate J can be easily obtained from the propagation time ⁇ / t of the appearance of the echo L on the CRT in Fig. 2. / ⁇ is obtained, and the working stress and t ( c ) are obtained from Eq. (3). Therefore, the working stress (and c) of the subject can be obtained only by observing the propagation time t. And can be.
  • FIG. 1 is an explanatory view of the basic principle of the measuring method of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram showing the echo pattern on the CRT obtained by the method shown in FIG. -Fig. 3 is a schematic explanatory view showing an embodiment of the present invention, and Fig.
  • FIG. 4 shows the relationship between the sound velocity change rate and the tensile stress and the tensile]) force obtained by the method shown in Fig. 3.
  • Graph, Fig. 5 is the method shown in Fig. 3] 9
  • the tension obtained! O) is a diagram showing the correspondence between a force and a tensile force measured by a resistance strain gauge.
  • Figures 6 and 7 are graphs showing another example of the relationship between the obtained rate of change of sound velocity and the tensile stress.
  • Figure m8 is a diagram illustrating the structure of a lattice-type gate in a resistance strain gauge.
  • reference numeral 1 denotes a plate material of a test material, through which a plate wave can propagate.3 ⁇ 4A thin elastic body.
  • o 2 denotes a bevel probe for transmission
  • 3 denotes a bevel probe for reception
  • 3 denotes a bevel probe for reception. It is abutted at regular intervals.
  • O Each of the angled probes 2 and 3 for transmission and reception is an A-scoff. C on the display. It is connected to a loudspeaker-type ultrasonic flaw detector (hereinafter simply referred to as an ultrasonic flaw detector) 4 with a high-frequency cable. Incident obliquely on the surface of.
  • the incident angle at this time is a constant angle determined by the frequency of the emitted ultrasonic wave, the thickness of the plate 1 and the Poisson ratio of the plate 1, and the Ram wave 5 described above is used.
  • a wave is described on the upper surface of the plate 1 in order to facilitate the propagation of the Lamb wave 5 1).
  • the Lamb wave 5 propagating in the plate 1 is received by the receiving angle beam probe 3.o
  • the Lam wave 5 is converted into a longitudinal wave and received. Be done.
  • the received longitudinal wave sound pressure signal is sent to the ultrasonic flaw detector 4) 9, and the reception amount on the CRT is set as the vertical axis, and the propagation time of the lamb wave 5 is set as the horizontal axis.
  • the relative ratio to the reference test piece is much less necessary. ⁇
  • the appearance position of the core L due to the change in the applied stress can be measured continuously, so that accurate and quantitative measurement including the change in the applied stress of the plate 1 can be easily performed. You. Further, if the above correlation is plotted on a calculator or the like at 7 ° ⁇ and the propagation time is input and calculated, the applied stress of the plate 1 can be measured in real time. Can be done.
  • the specimen was a band material (material: SPCC; JISG 3141 cold-rolled steel sheet and steel strip) made of thin steel sheet with a thickness of 0.8 recommended and a width of 19 dew.
  • both beveled probes were brought into contact with the test object at an interval of 100 mm, and the longitudinal direction of the thin steel plate and the material was measured using an AMSLA type universal testing machine. The experiment was performed while applying tension.
  • FIG. 5 shows the results.
  • the vertical axis shows the tensile stress and the measured value of a and (unit f / 1 ⁇ 2) measured using the method of the present invention and the resistance wire strain gauge (the measured value of is indicated by ®, and the measured value of is indicated by. )
  • the measured values (and a ) according to the present invention correspond to the actual tensile stress values t :] 9). It can be seen that the measurement can be performed accurately and quantitatively. Also, the resistance wire Tensile] was measured in the Zumi meter? Stress (beauty 3 ⁇ 4) in but that resemble actual tensile stress (beauty t) good j? Overestimated inaccurate and ing more than the yield point of the subject, the measuring method of the present invention It can also be seen that accurate measurement is possible even beyond the yield point.
  • FIGS. 6 and 7 show the measurement results of the examples in which the plate thickness and the material were changed.
  • the test object in Fig. 6 is a SPGC (JISG 3302 zinc-iron plate) band material with a thickness of 3.2 mm and a width of 19 mm. It is a 5Z1S X10C with MHz, vibrator dimensions of 15 plates X 10 energy, and an angle wedge that generates a refracted transverse wave (SV wave). The distance between the two angled probes on the subject is 100 mm.
  • the sound velocity change rate is similar to Fig. 4.
  • FIG. 7 shows the same measurement conditions as in Fig. 6, except that the thickness of the subject is 4.5 thighs, except for the width, material, and used probe.
  • the echo is not displayed on the CRT, the amount of propagation time analog is digitized by commonly used means, and the sound speed and the rate of change of sound speed are further increased. It is possible to numerically express these values together with the stress by calculating. In addition, these are stored in a storage device and compared with a reference value. Diagnosis of device failure! ), It can be used to measure a large number of analytes on the equipment manufacturing line.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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  • Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)

Abstract

Procédé de mesure d'efforts dans une plaque mince, produisant une propagation d'ondes en utilisant des ondes ultrasoniques. Dans ce procédé, des ondes ultrasoniques sont introduites dans un matériau en plaques de manière à y produire une propagation d'ondes, et l'effet dans le matériau est mesuré en utilisant comme indice d'évaluation le taux de variation de la vitese des ondes se propageant dans le matériau en plaques. Par conséquent, l'effort sous charge (y compris la force et la déformation sous charge) dans un matériau en plaques de faible épaisseur et constituant un dispositif mécanique ou électrique peut être mesuré quantativement et très facilement avec une grande précision en très peu de temps. Ce procédé permet, en outre, la mesure en temps réel de tels efforts sous charge.
PCT/JP1985/000093 1985-02-27 1985-02-27 Procede de mesure d'efforts dans un materiau en plaques a l'aide d'ondes ultrasoniques WO1986005272A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/JP1985/000093 WO1986005272A1 (fr) 1985-02-27 1985-02-27 Procede de mesure d'efforts dans un materiau en plaques a l'aide d'ondes ultrasoniques

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/JP1985/000093 WO1986005272A1 (fr) 1985-02-27 1985-02-27 Procede de mesure d'efforts dans un materiau en plaques a l'aide d'ondes ultrasoniques

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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104007179A (zh) * 2014-05-12 2014-08-27 北京化工大学 一种聚合物平面薄板制品表面内应力的测定装置及其实施方法
CN105543903A (zh) * 2015-12-10 2016-05-04 东北大学 一种铅基阳极材料使用寿命的评价方法
CN111678629A (zh) * 2020-06-05 2020-09-18 北京理工大学 一种海洋结构件内部服役应力超声监测探头
CN112858474A (zh) * 2021-01-04 2021-05-28 广东金刚新材料有限公司 一种陶瓷岩板应力的超声测试方法及测试系统

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS53121675A (en) * 1977-03-31 1978-10-24 Hitachi Ltd Method and apparatus of measuring surface stress

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS53121675A (en) * 1977-03-31 1978-10-24 Hitachi Ltd Method and apparatus of measuring surface stress

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
Nippon Gakujutsu Shinkokai Seiko, No. 19, IINKAI-HEN, "Choonpa Tanshoho", Kaitei Shinpan, 30 July 1974 (30.07.74), Nikkan Kogyo Shinbunsha, p. 65-66 and p. 217. *

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104007179A (zh) * 2014-05-12 2014-08-27 北京化工大学 一种聚合物平面薄板制品表面内应力的测定装置及其实施方法
CN105543903A (zh) * 2015-12-10 2016-05-04 东北大学 一种铅基阳极材料使用寿命的评价方法
CN111678629A (zh) * 2020-06-05 2020-09-18 北京理工大学 一种海洋结构件内部服役应力超声监测探头
CN111678629B (zh) * 2020-06-05 2021-10-22 北京理工大学 一种海洋结构件内部服役应力超声监测探头
US11604172B2 (en) 2020-06-05 2023-03-14 Beijing Institute Of Technology Ultrasonic monitoring probe for internal service stress of a marine structural component
CN112858474A (zh) * 2021-01-04 2021-05-28 广东金刚新材料有限公司 一种陶瓷岩板应力的超声测试方法及测试系统

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