WO1986004056A1

WO1986004056A1 - Propanol derivatives

Info

Publication number: WO1986004056A1
Application number: PCT/DK1986/000005
Authority: WO
Inventors: Hans Göran MAGNUSSON; Torbjörn Frejd
Original assignee: Syn-Tek Ab
Priority date: 1985-01-14
Filing date: 1986-01-13
Publication date: 1986-07-17
Also published as: CN1019387B; AU5351686A; NO863647D0; JPS62502259A; CN86100170A; FI88287C; EP0210203B1; AU588570B2; IE58795B1; US4933510A; NO166408B; IE860076L; DK439286A; IL77601A; CA1292002C; ATE65986T1; FI863701A0; DE3680725D1; FI88287B; EP0210203A1

Abstract

Propanol derivatives of formula (I), wherein X is a leaving group; R1 is H or a protecting group; and R2 is H, and R3 is a group -CH2Y wherein Y is a leaving group; or R2 and R3 together form =CH2. The propanol derivatives of the formula (I) are useful as multifunctional alkylating agents.

Description

PROPANOL DERIVATIVES

BACKGROUND OF THE I NVENTION

Field of the invention

The present invention relates to novel alkylating reagents useful as starting materials in organic synthesis .

Description of the prior art

Multifunctional compounds are of great value as starting materials in organic synthesis . Most of the simple, low-molecular weight compounds in this category are well known in the literature. Thus, a number of possible isomers of alcohols with the molecular formula C₄HQB Γ~0 have already been described (S . A . Pogorshelski, Chem. Zentralbl . , 7, (1905) , p 668) .

There is, however, a need for novel , low-molecular, multifunctional compounds that may either facilitate the synthesis of known compounds by providing new synthetic routes or render it possible to prepare new structu res .

SUMMARY OF THE I NVENTION

One object of the present invention is to provide novel propanol derivatives useful as starting materials in organic synthesis.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing the propanol derivatives of the invention . The invention relates to propanol derivatives of the formula I

^R3

I

CH₂X

wherein X is a leaving group; R, is H or a protecting group; and R« is H, and R« is a group -CH-Y wherein Y is a leaving group; or R« and R., together form =CH~ .

I n the present context, the term "leaving group" for X or Y de¬ signates any of the groups used in the art that are easily split off when the carbon atom, to which they are attached, is subjected to nucleophilic attack . Typical examples of leaving groups are halogens such as chlorine, bromine, and iodine, in particular bromine; p-toluene sulphonyl, methyl sulphonyl , ester functions such as C, nalkyl carbonyloxy, e. g . methyl carbonyloxy, ethyl carbonyloxy, propyl carbonyloxy, etc. , and aryl ester functions such as phenyl carbonyl¬ oxy, wherein the phenyl group may optionally be substituted with electron-withdrawing groups such as nitro or fluoro.

The term "protecting group" for R, designates any group that on the one hand is able to prevent the oxygen atom, to which it is attached, from taking part in the substitution or elimination reactions, and on the other hand may be removed easily. Examples of such protecting groups are enol ethers (formed with ketones having α-protons) ; acyl such as C, _gal kyl carbonyl, e. g . acetyl, propionyl, butyryl etc. , and aryl carbonyl such as phenyl carbonyl wherein the phenyl groups may optionally be substituted with electron-withdrawing groups such as nitro or fluoro; silyl groups such as trimethylsilyl ; tetrahydropyranyl ; or a carbohydrate group . The term "C, _fialkyl" used above in connection with ester functions may designate such groups as methyl , ethyl , propyl , i-propyl, n-butyl , i-butyl , tert. butyl , pentyl , hexyl , and octyl .

When R₅ is H , and X and Y are different, the compounds of the formula I may appear in enantiomeric forms . Depending on the exact nature of the groups X, Y and R, , these groups may also introduce stereoisomerism or diastereoisomerism into the compounds of the formula I . It is to be understood that the formula I encompasses all such stereoisomeric and diastereomeric forms .

I n the subgroup of compounds of the formula I wherein R is H , it is preferred that X and Y are identical , in particular selected from the leaving groups described above, especially halogens such as chlorine, bromine, or iodine, bromine being especially preferred .

It is preferred that the substituent R, is H since such compounds may act as nucleophiles .

Among the compounds of the formula I wherein R- and R~ together form =CH«, it is preferred that X is selected from the leaving groups described above, in particu lar halogens such as chlorine, bromine, and iodine, bromine being especially preferred .

Examples of preferred compounds are:

3-bromo-2-bromorπethylρropan-1 -ol

3-bromo-2-bromomethylρrop-1 -yl acetate

3-bromo-2-bromomethylprop-1 -yl benzyl ether

3-bromo-2-bromomethylρrop-1 -yl tetrahydropyranyl ether 3-chloro-2-chloromethylpropan-1 -ol

3-chloro-2-chloromethylprop-1 -yl acetate

3-chloro-2-chloromethylprop-1 -yl benzyl ether

3-chloro-2-chIoromethylprop-1 -yl tetrahydropyranyl ether

3-iodo-2-iodomethylpropan-1 -ol 3-iodo-2-iodomethyiprop-1 -yl acetate 3-iodo-2-iodomethylprop-1 -yl benzyl ether 3-iodo-2-iodomethylprop-1 -yl tetrahydropyranyl ether 2-acetoxymethyl-3-bromo-prop-1 -ene 2-benzyloxymethyl-3-bromo-prop-1 -ene 2-tetrahydropyranyloxymethyl-3-bromo-prop-1 -ene 2-hydroxymethyl-3-chloro-prop-1 -ene 2-acetoxymethyl -3-ch!oro-prop-1 -ene 2-benzyloxymethyl-3-chloro-prop-1 -ene 2-tetrahydropyranyloxymethyl-3-chloro-prop-1 -ene 2-hydroxymethyl-3-iodo-prop-1 -ene 2-acetoxymethyl-3-iodo-prop-1 -ene 2-benzyloxymethyl-3-iodo-prop-1 -ene 2-tetrahydropyranyIoxymethyl-3-iodo-prop-1 -ene

An especially preferred compound is 3-bromo-2-bromomethylpropan- 1 -ol .

The compounds of the formula I possess good properties as multi¬ functional reagents . Thus, if R, is H, the compound of the formula I is able to function as a good nucleophile under alkaline or acid conditions, and at the same time carry either one or two potential sites for nucleophilic attack, the number depending on whether R₅ is a group with CH«Y or whether R~ and R« together form =CH~ . The compounds in which R~ is a group -CH~Y can be reacted with a variety of nucleophilic reagents depending on the properties of the leaving groups X and Y. I n this connection , mercapto ions are particularly interesting nucleophilic reagents .

The compounds in which R- and R, together form =CH~ also have very interesting properties since the leaving group X is activated by the presence of the double bond . This activation makes it possible for such nucleophilic reagents as ketone or ester enolates, amines or alcohols to react easily with the compound of the formula I . Further¬ more, the allylic alcohol derivatives formed after such alkylation reactions are useful as starting compounds in a Sharpless-epoxidation (cf. e. g . K. B . Sharpless, Org. Synth . , 63) ) whereby, th rough reaction with tert. butylhydroperoxide and e. g . Ti [OCH (CH«)«]₄ and a 2R, 3R-tartrate, optically active compounds may be formed in high yield .

A particularly interesting use of the compounds of the formula I concerns the preparation of synthetic carbohydrate receptors such as those described in Applicant's copending application entitled "Gly- cosidic Derivatives" filed on the same date as the present application . I n the compounds, the group R, in the formula I above is a receptor- active carbohydrate moiety, and the group X and optionally Y are replaced with various functional groups such as lipids , carriers , etc. Syntheses of this type are exemplified in Example 4 and 5.

The receptor-active carbohydrate moiety may be introduced into compounds of the formula I by reacting a compound of the formula I , wherein R, is H , with a derivative of the appropiate receptor-active carbohydrate having a leaving group at the reducing end of the carbohydrate. In this way, the receptor-active carbohydrate moiety is introduced in the place of the group R, in the formula I above. Following the introduction of the receptor-active carbohydrate moiety, various groups such as lipid groups, carriers etc. may be introduced in the place of the group X in the formula I above th rough reaction with appropiate nucleophilic derivatives of the groups to be introduced . Thus, thiols may be reacted with the carbohydrate moiety-containing compounds allowi ng the formation of bis-sulfides (when R~ is H) and sulfides (when R~ and R~ together form =CH«) . The sulfides may optionally be oxidized to sulfoxides or sulfones . The compounds of the formula I containing the receptor-active carbohydrate moiety, in particular such compounds in which R~ and R~ together form =CH , may also be reacted with amines or alcohols as nucleophilic agents to form amines or ethers .

The present invention also relates to a process for preparing the propanol derivatives of the formula I defined above.

A process a) for preparing compounds in which R~ is H, and R-. is -CH~Y comprises reducing the corresponding acid of the formula I I CH₂Y

I

HOOC - CH I I

CH₂X

followed by optional protection of the hydroxy group formed .

The reduction may be performed by means of a wide variety of reducing agents such as NaBH , in water or protic or aprotic, polar or non-polar organic solvents such as methanol , ethanol , isopropanol , diglyme, benzene, toluene, ether, tetrahydrofuran, or 1 ,2-dimethoxy- ethane or by means of reducing agents such as diborane or LiAIH , in aprotic, polar or non-polar organic solvents such as benzene, toluene, ether, tetrahydrofuran, or 1 ,2-dimethoxyethane. The reduction may also be carried out by reducing the corresponding acid chloride or an ester by treatment with an alkali metal such as potassium, lithium, or sodium in liquid ammonia, by treatment with a hydride as mentioned above, or by treatment with a reducing complex such as Red-AI (Na-bis (2-methoxyethoxy)AL) , the solvent being one of the previously mentioned solvents . The acid chloride or ester may also be subjected to a first reduction to the aldehyde, using hydrogen catalyzed by Pd/BaSO , , followed by a second reduction to the alcohol , using NaBH , . The reaction may be carried out at temperatures in the range from -78°C to ⁺150°C, normally from 0°C to 50°C such as room temperature, for a period of 0.1 -48 hours, normally 8-24 hours such as 16 hours .

I n a fu rther process b) , propanol derivatives of the formula I wherein R« is H , and X and Y are halogen , are prepared by reacting a diol of the formula 1 11

CH₂OH

^Rr CH„ - CH I I !

CH₂OH wherein R, is as defined above with a halogenating agent. The halo- genating agent used may be any of the agents commonly used in the art such as thionyl chloride, phosphorous tribromide, or phosphorous pentabromide in e. g . pyridine, or triphenyi phosphine in CCL or triphenyi phosphine in CBr .. The reaction may be carried out at temperatu res in the range from -78°C to ⁺200°C, normally from 0°C to 100°C such as the refluxing temperatu re of the solvent used , for 0.1 - 100 hours , normally 8-24 hours such as 16 hours . The preparation of iodides may be carried out by reacting the chlorides or bromides obtained above or e . g . the tosylate or the methane sulphonate with sodium iodide in refluxing acetone.

The diol of formula I I I may be prepared by protecting 2-hydroxy- methyl-1 ,3-propandiol with an acetal group . Such an acetal group may be a benzylidene acetal group or an acetal group derived from a ketone such as cyclohexanone. A benzyliden acetal group may be established by reacting the triol with benzaldehyde and acid, or with α,α-dimethoxy toluene and acid . The acetal protected triol is then protected with R, after which the acetal function is removed by reaction with an acid such as hydrochloric acid .

A process c) for the preparation of compounds of the formula I wherein R~ and F together form =CH« comprises subjecting a compound of the formula I wherein R- is H, and R~ is -CH-Y to an elimination reaction . Such an elimination may suitably be carried out by treatment with a base such as an al kali metal hydroxide or carbonate, diazabicycloundecane, or diazabicyclononane. Examples of al kali metal hydroxides and carbonates are sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, lithium hydroxide, cesi um hydroxide, sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, lithium carbonate and cesium carbonate, the treatment being carried out in e. g . dimethyl formamide, ethanol , or isopropanol . Treatment with the non-hydrophilic diaza bases may take place in aprotic solvents such ethyl acetate, methylene chloride, carbon tetrachloride, benzene, toluene, or ether. The reaction may take place at a temperature in the range from -78°C to ⁺150°C, normally from 0°C to 100°C such as room temperature, for a period of 0. 1 -24 hours, normally 8-24 hou rs such as 16 hours . The process c) may be carried out as part of the use for reacting with a nucleophile immediately before addition of the nucleophile, e. g. a thiole, an alcohol or an amine.

Another method d) for preparing compounds of the formula I wherein R~ and R together form =CH~ comprises reacting a carbonyl compound of the formula IV

R., - O - CH₂ - C - CH₂X IV

with methylenetriphenylphosphorane. The reaction is a Wittig- reaction and is usually carried out in aprotic solvents such as ether or tetra¬ hydrofuran at temperatu res in the range from -78°C to ⁺150°C, normally from 0°C to 100°C such as the reflu xing temperatu re of the solvent used, for a period of 0. 1'-72 hou rs, normally 8-24 hou rs such as 16 hours . The phosphorane compound is usually prepared from methyltriphenylphosphonium bromide by treatment with a strong base such as butyllithium .

The compounds of the formula I in which R~ is H , and X and Y are p-toluene sulphonyl, methane sulphonyl, C, „alkyl carbonyloxy, or phenyl carbonyloxy may be prepared by a process e) which comprises reacting the diol of formula I I I defined above with p-toluene sulphonyl chloride, methane sulphonyl chloride, a C, _oalkyl carbonyl chloride, or a phenyl carbonyl chloride in a polar solvent such as pyridine at temperatu res in the range from -78°C to ⁺I50°C, normally from 0°C to 100°C such as the refluxing temperatu re of the solvent used, for a period of 0. 1 -24 hou rs, normally 8-24 hours such as 16 hours . The invention is further illustrated by the following non-limiting examples.

EXAMPLE 1

3-Bromo-2-bromomethylpropan-1-oi (DIBol)

3-Bromo-2-bromomethylpropanoic acid (15.3 g; 62 mmol) (cf. A.F. Ferris, J. Org. Chem., 20 (1955) p 780) was dissolved in dry di- chloromethane (400 ml) and cooled (0°). The reaction mixture was kept under nitrogen. A solution of diborane in tetrahydrofuran (190 ml; 190 mmol; 1 M solution of BH« in THF) was added dropwise with stirring. After 1 hour, the cooling bath was removed and the mixture was left overnight at room temperature. Hydrochloric acid (210 ml; 1 M) was added, the organic phase was separated and the aqueous phase was extracted with dichloromethane (3 x 50 ml). The combined organic phases were dried (Na-SO,) and concentrated. Flash chromatography of the residue gave pure DIBol (13.8 g; 96%). Bp ca. 45°C (0.1 mm Hg); n^³1.5439;

IR-spectrum: v =3340 cm

^" max.

¹H-NMR (CDCI₃, Me₄Si) δ(ppm)= 3.79 (d, 2 H, J=6.0 Hz, CH₂~0), 3.59 (d, 4 H, J=5.7 Hz, CH₂Br), 2.27 (heptet, 1 H, J=6 Hz, CH(CH )₃;

¹³C-NMR (CDCI₃, Me₄Si): δ(ppm)= 62.4 (CH₂OH), 44.4 (CH), 32.8 (CH₂Br);

Analysis calculated for C_^HgB^O: C 20.7 H 3.48 Found: C 21.0 H 3.73 EXAMPLE 2

3-Bromo-2-bromomethylpropan-1-yl acetate

3-Bromo-2-bromomethylpropan-1-ol (512 mg, 2,21 mmol), pyridin (10 ml), and acetic anhydride (10 ml) were stirred at room temperature for 17 h. The solvents were removed (co-evaporation with toluene), ethyl acetate (20 ml) was added and the solution was washed with water (2 x 10 ml). The aqueous phase was extracted with ethyl acetate (10 ml) and the combined organic phases were dried (Na«S0₄) and concentrated. The residue was filtered through silica with heptane/ ethyl acetate 4:1 to give the title acetate (483 mg, 81%), which had IR: v 1752, 1230, 1050 cm^"1, max

^-NMR-spectrum (CDCI₃, TMS): δ 4.18 (d, 2H, J=6,4 Hz, AcOCH₂), 3.58, 3.53 (dABq, 4H, J_Aβ=10.6 Hz, J=5.3 Hz, J=6.2 Hz, CH₂-Br), 2.41 (heptet, 1H, CH), 2.09 (s, 3H, CH₃) .

EXAMPLE 3

3-Bromo-2-bromomethylprop-1-yl-tetrahydropyranylether

3-Bromo-2-bromomethyipropan-1-ol (1.0 g, 4.3 mmol) and dihydro- pyran (1.81 g, 21.6 mmol) were dissolved in dry dichloromethane (20 ml) and cooled (0°C) . Toluene-p-sulfonic acid (10 mg) was dissolved in dichloromethane (2 ml) and added to the mixture. After 4 h, the cooling bath was removed and the reaction mixture was left at room temperature for 5.5 h. The mixture was cooled (0°C) and an additio¬ nal portion of toluene-p-sulfonic acid solution was added. After 7 h, toluene (30 ml) and ether (20 ml) were added and the mixture was washed with saturated sodium hydrogencarbonate solution (50 ml) and saturated sodium chloride solution (50 ml). The aqueous phases were extracted with toluene (50 ml) and the combined organic phases were dried (Na-S0₄) and concentrated. The residue was distilled to give the title tetrahydropyranyl ether (1.07 g, 79%) (boiling point 85-105°C, 0.08 mm Hg). Chromatography gave the pure compound (0.88 g, 65%) which had n¹³ 1.5120; IR: v 1130, 1060 cm^"1; MS (m/e) 85, 133,

L- ΪTIQX

135. ^-NMR-spectrum (CDCIg, TMS): δ 4.62 (t, 1H, J=3 Hz, O-CH-O) 3.75-3.90 (m, 2H), 3.40-3.70 ( , 6H), 2.35 (heptet, 1H, J~5 Hz, Br-CH₂-CH), 1.4-1.9 (m, 6H).

Analysis; calcd for CgH,gB ₂0₂: C 34.2 H 5.10. Found: C 34.7 H 5.08.

EXAMPLE 4

Preparation of DIB glycosides using DIBol a starting material

Borontrifluoride etherate (0.7 ml) was added dropwise with stirring to a solution of a fully acetylated sugar (1 mmol) and DIBol (232 mg; 1 mmol) in dichloromethane (3 ml) at room temperature. After 2-4 hours, the mixture was washed with water and sodium hydrogencarbonate solution, dried (Na«S0₄), and concentrated. The residue was subjec¬ ted to chromatography (SiO-, ethyl acetate: hexane) to give the DIB glycoside in pure form. The following compounds were prepared:

3-Bromo-2-bromomethylprop-1-yl 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-β-D-gluco- pyranoside (DIB-1). From 1 ,2,3,4, 6-penta-O-acetyl-β-D-glucopyra- nose. Yield: 54%. [α]^³ = -5° (c = 0.6 in CDCI₃).

NMR-Spectrum (CDCI₃, TMS): δ (ppm) = 5.22 (t, 1 H, J_{2 3}=J_{3 4}=9.7 Hz, H-3), 5.1 (t, 1 H, J_{4 5}=9.4 Hz, H-4), 4.99 (t, 1 H, Η-2),' 4.51 (d, 1 H, J_{1 2}=7.9 Hz, H-1), 4.27, 4.15 (ABq with further coupling, each 1 H, j'_Aβ=12.6 Hz, J_{5 g}=4.0 Hz, H-6,6'), 3.71 (m, 1 H, H-5), 2.34 (m, 1 H, CH(CH₂)₃).

Analysis C Caallccuullaatteed for

C 38.5 H 4.66 Found: C 38.4 H 4.69

3-Bromo-2-bromomethylprop-1-yl 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-β-D-galacto- pyranoside (DIB-2). From 1 ,2,3,4, 6-penta-O-acetyl-β-D-galactoρyra- nose. Yield: 50%. [α]^³ = ⁺1° (c = 0.7 in CDCI₃).

NMR-Spectrum (CDCI₃, TMS): δ (ppm) = 5.40 (d, 1 H, J_{3 4}=3.2 Hz, H-4), 5.19 (dd, 1 H, J_{2 3}=10.4 Hz, H-2), 5.03 (dd, 1 H, H-3), 4.47 ι

(d, 1 H, J-_{j 2}=7.6 Hz, H-1), 4.19, 4.13 (ABq with further coupling, each 1 H, j'_AB=11.2 Hz, J_{5 6}=J₅ g.=6.5 Hz, H-6,6'), 3.92 (t, 1 H, J_{4 5}=0.4 Hz, H-5), 2.35 (septet, 1 Η, J=5.8 Hz, CH(CH₂)₃).

EXAMPLE 5

Preparation of bis-sulfide glycosides using the compounds prepared in Example 4 as starting material

A fully acetylated DIB glycoside (0.38 mmol), an alkyl thiol (1 mmol), cesium carbonate (338 mg; 1 mmol) and dimethylformamide (2 ml) were stirred at room temperature under nitrogen for 24-48 hours. The reaction was monitored by TLC (SiO«, ethyl acetate: hexane). Di¬ chloromethane (40 ml) was added and the mixture was washed with water (2 x 5 ml), dried (Na._jS0₄) and concentrated. Column chroma¬ tography (SiO~, ethyl acetate: hexane) gave the pure, fully acetylated glycolipid.

The acetylated glycolipid (0.2 mmol) was dissolved in dichloromethage (15 ml) and methanolic sodium methoxide (10 ml; prepared by dis¬ solving ca. 1 mg of sodium in methanol) was added. The reaction was monitored by TLC (chloroform: methanol :water, 65:35:10). In some cases, a precipitate was formed towards the end of the reaction. One drop of acetic acid was added and the reaction mixture was concentra¬ ted, suspended in water (10 ml) and freeze-dried to give a quantita¬ tive yield of the unprotected glycolipid, contaminated with a small amount of sodium acetate (ca. 1% w/w) . The following compounds were prepared:

3-HexadecyIthio-2-hexadecylthiomethylprop-1-yl 2,3,4, 6-tetra-O-ace- tyl-β-D-glucopyranoside (RSC16-1). From DIB-1 and hexadecanethiol. Yield: 70%. [ ]^³ = -1.6° (c = 1.1 in CDCI₃).

NMR-Spectrum (CDCLj, TMS): δ (ppm) = 5.20 (t, 1 H, J_{2 3}=9.3 Hz, H-3), 5.06 (t, 1 H, J_{3 4}=J_{4 5}=9.5 Hz, H-4), 4.98 (dd, IΗ, H-2),

4.48 (d, 1 H, J-j ₂=7.9 Hz, H-1), 4.26, 4.11 (ABq with further coupling, each 1 H,' J_Aβ=12.4 Hr, J_{5 6}=4.8 Hz, J_& g.=2.5 Hz, H-6,6'),

2.6-2.4 (m, 8 H, CH₂-S) Analysis:

C Caallccuullaatteecd for C 65.5 H 10.1

Found: C 65.7 H 10.2

3-Hexadecylthio-2-hexadecylthiomethylprop-1-yl 2,3,4, 6-tetra-0-acet- yl-β-D-galactopyranoside (RSC16-2). From DIB-2 and hexadecanethiol. Yield: 79%. [α]^³ = ⁺1° (c = 1.6 in CDCIg).

NMR-Spectrum (CDCIg, TMS): δ (ppm) = 5.37 (dd, 1 H, J_{4 5}=0.8 Hz, H-4), 5.17 (dd, 1 H, ₃=10.3 Hz, H-2), 4.99 (dd, 1 H,' J_{3 4}=3.4 Hz, H-3), 4.44 (d, 1 ~H, J_{] 2}=7.8 Hz, H-1), 2.7-2.4 (m, 'δ H,

CH₂-S).

Analysis:

Calculated for C 65.5 H 10.1

Found: C 65.3 H 10.2

3-Hexadecylthio-2-hexadecylthiomethylprop-1-yl β-D-glucopyranoside - (RSC16-8). From RSC16-1. [α]^³ = -1° (c = 0.9 in CMD).

NMR-Spectrum (CMD, TMS, 50°): δ (ppm) = 4.29 (d, 1 H, J- ₂=7.6 Hz, H-1), 2.70 (d, 4 H, J=6.4 Hz, CH-(CH₂-S)₂), 2.53 (t 4 H, J=7.3 Hz, S-CH₂-CH₂).

3-Hexadecylthio-2-hexadecylthiomethylprop-1-yl β-D-galactopyranoside (RSC16-9). From RSC16-2. [α]^³ = -3° (c = 0.5 in CMD).

NMR-Spectrum (CMD, TMS, 20°): δ (ppm) = 4.24 (virtual coupling, Jm ₂=7.6 Hz, H-1), 2.71 (d, 4 H, J=6.7 Hz, CH-(CH₂-S)₂), 2.53 (t, 4 H, J=7.2 Hz, S-CW₂-CH₂).

Claims

1 . Compounds of the formula I

^R3

R- - O - CH₂ - C - R₂ I

CH₂X

wherein X is a leaving group; R, is H or a protecting group; and R~ is H, and R~ is a group -CH-Y wherein Y is a leaving group; or R~ and R~ together form ^H- .

2. Compounds as claimed in claim -1 wherein, when R~ is H, X and Y are identical .

3. Compounds as claimed in claim 2 wherein X and Y are selected from halogen , p-toluenesulphonyl , methanesulphonyl, C, galkyl carbon¬ yloxy or phenyl carbonyloxy, the phenyl group optionally being sub¬ stituted .

4. Compounds as claimed in claim 3 wherein R~ is H, and X and Y are selected from chlorine, bromine, and iodine.

5. Compounds as claimed in claim 4 wherein X and Y are bromine.

6. Compounds as claimed in any of claims 1 -5 wherein R. is H .

7. 3- Bromo-2-bromomethylpropan-1 -ol .

8. Compounds as claimed in claim 1 wherein, when R- and R~ together form =CH₂, X is selected from halogen , p-toluenesulphonyl, methane¬ sulphonyl, C. __galkyl carbonyloxy, or phenyl carbonyloxy, the phenyl group optionally being substituted .

9. Compounds as claimed in claim 8 wherein X is selected from chlorine, bromine, and iodine.

10. Compounds as claimed in claim 9 wherein X is bromine.