WO1986000344A1 - Method for producing a preimpregnated article of fibre-metal or mineral material for making high performance composite objects - Google Patents

Method for producing a preimpregnated article of fibre-metal or mineral material for making high performance composite objects Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1986000344A1
WO1986000344A1 PCT/FR1985/000170 FR8500170W WO8600344A1 WO 1986000344 A1 WO1986000344 A1 WO 1986000344A1 FR 8500170 W FR8500170 W FR 8500170W WO 8600344 A1 WO8600344 A1 WO 8600344A1
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Prior art keywords
powder
metal
mineral
material according
fibers
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PCT/FR1985/000170
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French (fr)
Inventor
Jean Philippe Galichon
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Jean Philippe Galichon
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
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Publication of WO1986000344A1 publication Critical patent/WO1986000344A1/en

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C47/00—Making alloys containing metallic or non-metallic fibres or filaments
    • C22C47/02—Pretreatment of the fibres or filaments
    • C22C47/06—Pretreatment of the fibres or filaments by forming the fibres or filaments into a preformed structure, e.g. using a temporary binder to form a mat-like element
    • C22C47/062—Pretreatment of the fibres or filaments by forming the fibres or filaments into a preformed structure, e.g. using a temporary binder to form a mat-like element from wires or filaments only
    • C22C47/066—Weaving wires
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C47/00—Making alloys containing metallic or non-metallic fibres or filaments
    • C22C47/14—Making alloys containing metallic or non-metallic fibres or filaments by powder metallurgy, i.e. by processing mixtures of metal powder and fibres or filaments

Definitions

  • the object of the present invention is to carry out this interpenetration a priori so that during the fusion any unitary fiber is coated followed by a protective cladding. To do this, we proceed by the following steps:
  • the reinforcing fibers will be fibers having temperature resistance compatible with the metal matrix envisaged, such as silicon carbide fibers, alumina fibers or carbon fiber.
  • the metals envisaged will depend on the application chosen and existing in powder form, the particle sizes of which will be of the order of the magnitude of the fiber envisaged, that is to say from 5 to 20 microns.
  • Particularly suitable for the implementation of the invention of aluminum powders but it is understood that other metallic powders such as iron, lead, copper, tin, magnesium, zinc or alloys may be suitable.
  • the covering of continuous wicks loaded with metallic powder which is a characteristic of the invention, is such that they operate without causing the metal particles impregnating the wick to melt.
  • the metal must be sufficiently malleable and the sheathing reaches a thickness as small as possible (from 5 to 20 microns) ; example: copper.
  • This metal must also be compatible with the base metal constituting the powder so that the final composite retains properties such as temperature resistance or chemical resistance,
  • Another characteristic of the present invention is to describe a device making it possible to achieve the object of the present invention which is to cover wicks.
  • This non-limiting device consists of:
  • EXAMPLE I A covering by covering with a wick of alumina silicate charged with spun aluminum powder, also produced by Péchiney.
  • Fiber SUMITOMO alumina silicate. 1,000 filaments with a unit diameter of the 17 micron filament.
  • Gimping speed on advancement of the fiber 4 m / minute.
  • the material forming the subject of the invention is used to make a tube by the winding technique filamentary.
  • the prepreg wire unwinds along an angular path of 54o to wind on a ceramic matrix.
  • the fusion and therefore the bonding of the product on itself is done at the place of application of the profile on itself by an inductor in a reducing atmosphere greater than 100 ° to the melting point of aluminum.
  • the metal regains its fluidity and diffuses through the fibers - forward speed: 5 meters / minute.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Alloys Or Alloy Compounds (AREA)

Abstract

Method for making objects comprised of metals or mineral materials, used as matrix for continuous fibres and characterized in that it comprises the following steps: introduction inside the continuous fibre rove formed of thousands of unitary filaments of metal or mineral material in the form of a powder having a grain size of the same order as the unitary filaments; covering of said rove thus impregnated by means of a shielding enabling to retain the mineral or metal powder grains without fusion of said powder in order to obtain a flexible rove; making of by-products such as braides, knitted fabric, woven material remaining flexible. The composite will then be obtained by fusion of the matrix and by pressing, calendering and cooling, or sintering.

Description

REALISATION D'UN PREIMPREGNE FIBRES/METAL OU MINERAL POUR LA REALISATION D'OBJETS COMPOSITES DE HAUTE PERFORMANCE. Les objets composites"haut de gamme" sont des objets utilisés dans des secteurs de pointe pour lesquels la tenue en température est importante (pièces moteurs).PRODUCTION OF A FIBER / METAL OR MINERAL PREPREGNE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF HIGH PERFORMANCE COMPOSITE OBJECTS. "High-end" composite objects are objects used in advanced sectors for which temperature resistance is important (engine parts).
Les composites actuels sont réalisés avec des matrices soit polymériques pouvant permettre des températures continues jusqu'à 300° C. avec des polymères de type époxydiques (200°C.) ou PEEK (polyether ethercétone), soit des matrices hautes températures tel que le carbone (I.200°C). Les matrices métalliques ou minérales tel l'aluminium existent mais la réalisation des pièces complexes pose des problèmes de technologies de mise en oeuvre, ces métaux devant être utilisée en fusion ou en vaporisation.Current composites are produced with either polymeric matrices which can allow continuous temperatures up to 300 ° C. with polymers of the epoxy (200 ° C.) or PEEK (polyether etherketone) type, or high temperature matrices such as carbon. (I.200 ° C). Metallic or mineral matrices such as aluminum exist, but the production of complex parts poses problems of processing technologies, these metals having to be used in fusion or in vaporization.
Les technologies existantes connues sont peu applicables. Il faut en effet réaliser l'objet fibre et essayer de faire pénétrer la matrice par pression au sein des fibres unitaires. L'interpénétration au niveau de la fibre unitaire est complexe et pas toujours réalisée. Or, un composite est d'autant plus résistant 'que cette interpénétration est meilleure.Known existing technologies are not very applicable. It is indeed necessary to make the fiber object and try to make the matrix penetrate by pressure within the unitary fibers. Interpenetration at the level of the unitary fiber is complex and not always carried out. However, a composite is all the more resistant as this interpenetration is better.
Le but de la présente invention est de réaliser cette interpénétration à priori pour que lors de la fusion toute fibre unitaire soit enrobée suivie d'un gainage de protection. Pour ce faire, on procède par les étapes suivantes:The object of the present invention is to carry out this interpenetration a priori so that during the fusion any unitary fiber is coated followed by a protective cladding. To do this, we proceed by the following steps:
- Introduction des grains de poudre du métal ou du minéral envisagé comme matrice au sein de la mèche de fibres continues.- Introduction of grains of powder of the metal or mineral envisaged as a matrix within the wick of continuous fibers.
- Celle-ci aura été auparavant épanouie par un système d' embarrage pour aller jusqueà la séparation des fibres unitaires pour permettre à la poudre de se répartir.- This will have previously been expanded by a tying system to go as far as the separation of the unit fibers to allow the powder to be distributed.
Ces particules se trouvant autour de chaque fibre individuelle de la mèche du fait de charges électrostatiques. Ce phénomène est étudié en fonction des fibres et des matrices envisagées. Il pourra s'agir de charger les fibres pour attirer la poudre ou de charger la poudre en mettant les fibres à la masse suivant les types utilisés. Cette mèche chargée de poudre et imprégnée à coeur reçoit alors par guipage, enduction ou filage une enveloppe extérieure continue laissant les grains de poudre libres de jouer avec les fibres à l'intérieur d'elle-même. Grâce à ce procédé, il est possible d'obtenir des matériaux, un profilé restant souple qui peut se prêter à toutes opérations d'enroulement filamentaire, tissage, tressage, tricotage ouvrant des possibilités qui n'existeraient pas si par exemple les fibres avaient reçu un gainage de produit en fusion puisque le composite aurait déjà été réalisé et que le résultat final serait rigide.These particles being around each individual fiber of the wick due to electrostatic charges. This phenomenon is studied as a function of the fibers and matrices envisaged. It may be a question of loading the fibers to attract the powder or of loading the powder by grounding the fibers according to the types used. This wick charged with powder and impregnated to the heart receives then by covering, coating or spinning a continuous outer envelope leaving the grains of powder free to play with the fibers inside itself. Thanks to this process, it is possible to obtain materials, a profile remaining flexible which can lend itself to all operations of filament winding, weaving, braiding, knitting opening possibilities which would not exist if for example the fibers had received sheathing of the molten product since the composite would have already been produced and the final result would be rigid.
Il est possible d'obtenir un matériau préimprégné présentant des taux matrices/fibres variables qui, suivant les besoins technologiques actuels varieront en volume de 40 à 80% de fibres.It is possible to obtain a prepreg material having variable matrix / fiber ratios which, depending on current technological needs, will vary in volume from 40 to 80% of fibers.
Les fibres de renforcements seront des fibres ayant des tenues en températures compatibles avec la matrice métallique envisagée, telles que fibres de carbure de silicium, fibres d'alumine ou fibre de carbone. Les métaux envisagés seront fonction de l'application choisie et existant sous forme de poudre dont les granulométries seront de l'ordre de la grandeur de la fibre envisagée, c'est-à-dire de 5 à 20 microns. Conviennent particulièrement pour la mise en oeuvre de l' invention des poudres d'aluminium, mais il est bien entendu que d'autres poudres métalliques telles que fer, plomb, cuivre, étain, magnésium, zinc ou alliages peuvent convenir. Le recouvrement des mèches continues chargées de poudre métallique qui est une caractéristique de l'invention, est tel qu'ilsopère sans porter à la fusion les particules de métal imprégnant la mèche.The reinforcing fibers will be fibers having temperature resistance compatible with the metal matrix envisaged, such as silicon carbide fibers, alumina fibers or carbon fiber. The metals envisaged will depend on the application chosen and existing in powder form, the particle sizes of which will be of the order of the magnitude of the fiber envisaged, that is to say from 5 to 20 microns. Particularly suitable for the implementation of the invention of aluminum powders, but it is understood that other metallic powders such as iron, lead, copper, tin, magnesium, zinc or alloys may be suitable. The covering of continuous wicks loaded with metallic powder, which is a characteristic of the invention, is such that they operate without causing the metal particles impregnating the wick to melt.
On utilise: - soit un guipage de fil continu constitué du même métal que la poudre , - soit un passage dans un métal en fusion à plus bas point de fusion que la poudre métallique introduite.We use: - either a covering of continuous wire made of the same metal as the powder, - or a passage in a molten metal with a lower melting point than the metal powder introduced.
Pour que l'intérêt de l'invention subsiste, c'est-à-dire que la souplesse soit conservée, il faut que le métal soit suffisamment malléable et que le gainage atteigne une épaisseur la plus réduite possible (de 5 à 20 microns); exemple: cuivre.For the interest of the invention to remain, that is to say that the flexibility is preserved, the metal must be sufficiently malleable and the sheathing reaches a thickness as small as possible (from 5 to 20 microns) ; example: copper.
Il faut également que ce métal soit compatible avec le métal de base constituant la poudre pour que le composite final conserve des propriétés telles que tenue en température ou résistance chimique,This metal must also be compatible with the base metal constituting the powder so that the final composite retains properties such as temperature resistance or chemical resistance,
- soit par filage suivant les mêmes principes que ceux évoqués dans le chapitre précédent.- or by wiring according to the same principles as those mentioned in the previous chapter.
- soit par extrusion d'une gaine de matériaux tels que des polymères. Ce matériau sera éliminé par calcination lors de la fabrication de la pièce composite avant fusion de la matrice métallique. Dans le cas d'enroulement filamentaire, par exemple, les deux processus pouvant se faire au défilé et en continu. Une autre caractéristique de la présente invention est de décrire un dispositif permettant de réaliser l'objet de la présente invention qui est de recouvrir des mèches.- Either by extrusion of a sheath of materials such as polymers. This material will be removed by calcination during the manufacture of the composite part before melting of the metal matrix. In the case of filament winding, for example, the two processes can be done in the parade and continuously. Another characteristic of the present invention is to describe a device making it possible to achieve the object of the present invention which is to cover wicks.
Ce dispositif non limitatif consiste en:This non-limiting device consists of:
EXEMPLE I. Un recouvrement par guipage d'une mèche de silicate d'alumine chargée de poudre d'aluminium filé, également produit par Péchiney.EXAMPLE I. A covering by covering with a wick of alumina silicate charged with spun aluminum powder, also produced by Péchiney.
Les caractéristiques des produits sont les suivantes:The product features are as follows:
(1) Fibre: Silicate d'alumine de SUMITOMO. 1.000 filaments de diamètre unitaire du filament 17 microns.(1) Fiber: SUMITOMO alumina silicate. 1,000 filaments with a unit diameter of the 17 micron filament.
Densité: 3.25.Density: 3.25.
(2) Poudre: Aluminium stabilisé Y X 16 de Péchiney de gra:nulometrie moyenne de 20 microns. (3) Gaine: Fil d'aluminium produit par les ateliers de Commercy.(2) Powder: Stabilized aluminum Y X 16 from Péchiney de gra: average nanometry of 20 microns. (3) Sheath: Aluminum wire produced by the Commercy workshops.
Vitesse de guipage sur avancement de la fibre: 4 m/minute.Gimping speed on advancement of the fiber: 4 m / minute.
Le profilé souple obtenu répond à l'analyse suivante: Fibre: 50% en volumeThe flexible profile obtained meets the following analysis: Fiber: 50% by volume
Poudre d'aluminium: 35% en volume Gaine: 15% en volumeAluminum powder: 35% by volume Sheath: 15% by volume
EXEMPLE II.EXAMPLE II.
On utilise le matériau faisant l'objet de l'invention pour réaliser un tube par la technique de l'enroulement filamentaire.The material forming the subject of the invention is used to make a tube by the winding technique filamentary.
Dans ce cas, le fil préimprégné se déroule suivant un chemin angulaire de 54º pour se bobiner sur une matrice céramique . La fusion et donc le collage du produit sur lui-même se fait à l'endroit de l'application du profilé sur lui-même par un inducteur en atmosphère réductrice supérieur de 100° au point de fusion de l'aluminium . Lors de la fusion, le métal reprend sa fluidité et se diffuse au milieu des fibres - vitesse d'avancement: 5 mètres/minute.In this case, the prepreg wire unwinds along an angular path of 54º to wind on a ceramic matrix. The fusion and therefore the bonding of the product on itself is done at the place of application of the profile on itself by an inductor in a reducing atmosphere greater than 100 ° to the melting point of aluminum. During fusion, the metal regains its fluidity and diffuses through the fibers - forward speed: 5 meters / minute.
Pour accélérer la vitesse d'application, un préchauffage du préimprégné peut être envisagé» Sans ce renforcement, un tel tube n'aurait en métal seul qu'une résistance circonferentielle moitié de sa résistance longitudinale.To accelerate the speed of application, preheating of the prepreg can be envisaged. Without this reinforcement, such a tube would have only a circumferential resistance in metal only half of its longitudinal resistance.
Par ce renfort, la résistance circonferentielle peut être multipliée par deux et permettra donc de réduire les épaisseurs de métal de l'objet final, d'où allégement lié à la résistance thermique utile dans des applications aéronautiques, par exemple. EXEMPLE III.By this reinforcement, the circumferential resistance can be multiplied by two and will therefore make it possible to reduce the metal thicknesses of the final object, hence reduction linked to the thermal resistance useful in aeronautical applications, for example. EXAMPLE III.
1. Fibre de carbone TORAYA 6.000 filaments.1. TORAYA carbon fiber 6,000 filaments.
2. Poudres sous forme de poudre de carbone de 3 microns. 3. Gainage par extrusion d'un polyamide en continu autour du préimprégné.2. Powders in the form of 3 micron carbon powder. 3. Sheathing by extrusion of a polyamide continuously around the prepreg.
Réalisation d'un empilement après tissage de cette fibre et.-carbonisation de l'ensemble sous vide suivant les techniques connues. Realization of a stack after weaving of this fiber and carbonization of the assembly under vacuum according to known techniques.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1. Matériau préimprégné constitué d'une interpénétration de poudre métallique ou minérale dans une fibre dont le point de dégradation est supérieur au point de fusion du métal ou du minéral, poudre conservée au sein de cette fibre par une protection externe continue souple.1. Pre-impregnated material consisting of an interpenetration of metallic or mineral powder in a fiber whose degradation point is higher than the melting point of the metal or mineral, powder preserved within this fiber by a continuous flexible external protection.
2. Matériau selon la revendication I caractérisé en ce que la protection externe est constituée par un gainage métallique de même nature que la poudre de base réalisé par guipage grâce à un fil métallique ou minéral .2. Material according to claim I characterized in that the external protection is constituted by a metal cladding of the same kind as the base powder produced by covering with a metallic or mineral wire.
3. Matériau selon la revendication I caractérisé en ce que la protection externe est constituée par un gainage métallique d'un alliage de même nature que la poudre et compatible avec la poudre mais de point de fusion inférieur.3. Material according to claim I characterized in that the external protection consists of a metal cladding of an alloy of the same kind as the powder and compatible with the powder but with a lower melting point.
4. Matériau selon la revendication I et 3 caractérisé en ce que la protection externe est constituée par un gainage métallique d'un métal différent de la poudre introduite dans les fibres et donnant lors de la réalisation du composite un alliage dont les propriétés intéresseraient des applications particulières.4. Material according to claim I and 3 characterized in that the external protection is constituted by a metal cladding of a metal different from the powder introduced into the fibers and giving during the production of the composite an alloy whose properties would interest applications particular.
5.Matériau selon la revendication I caractérisé en ce que la protection externe est constituée par un gainage de polymère ayant la particularité de carboniser pour s'éliminer avant le point de fusion du métal poudre ou minéral introduit à l'intérieur de fibres unitaires.5.Material according to claim I characterized in that the external protection is constituted by a sheathing of polymer having the characteristic of charring to be eliminated before the melting point of the powder or mineral metal introduced inside unit fibers.
6. Matériau selon la revendication 3 caractérisé en ce que le gainage s'obtient par passage dans un bain fondu de métal ou de minéral. 6. Material according to claim 3 characterized in that the cladding is obtained by passing through a molten bath of metal or mineral.
7. Matériau selon la revendication 3 caractérisé en ce que le gainage s'obtient par filage du métal ou du minéral autour de la mèche préimprégnée.7. Material according to claim 3 characterized in that the sheathing is obtained by spinning the metal or the mineral around the prepreg wick.
8. Matériau selon la revendication I caractérisé en ce que l'interpénétration de la poudre se fait par passage de fibres dans un bain où la poudre est mise en dispersion solvante ou aqueuse.8. Material according to claim I characterized in that the interpenetration of the powder is done by passage of fibers in a bath where the powder is put in solvent or aqueous dispersion.
9. Matériau selon la revendication I caractérisé en ce que la fibre pourra être préenduite en continu par un métal permettant les phénomènes électrostatiques ou d'adhérence entre la fibre initiale et la matrice métallique ou minérale poudre envisagée.9. Material according to claim I characterized in that the fiber can be pre-coated continuously with a metal allowing electrostatic phenomena or adhesion between the initial fiber and the planned metallic or mineral powder matrix.
10. Objets à partir des préimprégnés selon les revendications I à 9.10. Objects from prepregs according to claims I to 9.
11. Objets à partir des préimprégnés qui seraient découpés pour en constituer les éléments courts pouvant servir par moulage, compression à constituer des pièces armées par fibres après fusion. 11. Objects from prepregs which would be cut to constitute the short elements which can be used by molding, compression to constitute parts reinforced by fibers after fusion.
12. Matériau suivant la revendication I caractérisé en ce que les produits métalliques utilisés sont des métaux à superplasticité de type alliage d'aluminium (type SUPRAL, par exemple) ou de titane (TIAL 6 V 4, par exemple). 12. Material according to claim I characterized in that the metallic products used are superplasticity metals of aluminum alloy type (SUPRAL type, for example) or of titanium (TIAL 6 V 4, for example).
PCT/FR1985/000170 1984-06-26 1985-06-24 Method for producing a preimpregnated article of fibre-metal or mineral material for making high performance composite objects WO1986000344A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8410022A FR2566324A1 (en) 1984-06-26 1984-06-26 PRODUCTION OF A FIBER / METAL OR MINERAL PREPREGNE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF HIGH PERFORMANCE COMPOSITE OBJECTS
FR84/10022 1984-06-26

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AU (1) AU4496185A (en)
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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2700140A1 (en) * 1993-01-07 1994-07-08 Le Roy Guy Composite material for hygienic, medical or sanitary uses

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2648957B1 (en) * 1989-06-22 1991-11-15 France Etat Armement COMPOSITE MATERIAL WITH MODULAR CHARACTERISTICS BY PREPREGNATION OF CONTINUOUS FIBER
FR3080387B1 (en) * 2018-04-20 2020-11-13 Mermet REINFORCED COMPOSITE YARN, PREPARATION PROCESS AND TEXTILE INCLUDING SUCH YARN
WO2019202151A1 (en) * 2018-04-20 2019-10-24 Mermet Composite yarn, manufacturing process and textile surface comprising such a yarn

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2183371A5 (en) * 1972-05-04 1973-12-14 Onera (Off Nat Aerospatiale) Fibre reinforced light alloys - using precoated high strength fibres
US4116688A (en) * 1975-12-24 1978-09-26 General Dynamics Corporation Alloy and structures made therefrom
DE2928955A1 (en) * 1979-07-18 1981-02-12 Glyco Metall Werke Composite material using reinforcing fibres in metal matrix - esp. where aluminium powder is compacted into strip contg. oriented fibres

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2183371A5 (en) * 1972-05-04 1973-12-14 Onera (Off Nat Aerospatiale) Fibre reinforced light alloys - using precoated high strength fibres
US4116688A (en) * 1975-12-24 1978-09-26 General Dynamics Corporation Alloy and structures made therefrom
DE2928955A1 (en) * 1979-07-18 1981-02-12 Glyco Metall Werke Composite material using reinforcing fibres in metal matrix - esp. where aluminium powder is compacted into strip contg. oriented fibres

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2700140A1 (en) * 1993-01-07 1994-07-08 Le Roy Guy Composite material for hygienic, medical or sanitary uses

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AU4496185A (en) 1986-01-24
FR2566324A1 (en) 1985-12-27
EP0185720A1 (en) 1986-07-02

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