WO1985002228A1

WO1985002228A1 - Drive device

Info

Publication number: WO1985002228A1
Application number: PCT/AT1983/000033
Authority: WO
Inventors: Robert Söllner
Original assignee: Jenbacher Werke Aktiengesellschaft
Priority date: 1983-11-11
Filing date: 1983-11-11
Publication date: 1985-05-23
Also published as: EP0161242A1

Abstract

A steam turbine (3) is driven by the heat losses of a combustion engine (1). To connect the steam turbine shaft to the crank-shaft (12) of the combustion engine which rotates more slowly, a drive mechanism (2) is used to drive a load compressor (11) for the combustion engine (1) through the crank-shaft (12).

Description

The invention relates to a drive device having an internal combustion engine and a steam turbine, which is driven by utilizing the waste heat of the internal combustion engine, and with a gear unit 'which connects the steam turbine to the crankshaft of the internal combustion engine which rotates more slowly than the steam turbine.

Such combinations of internal combustion engines with devices for utilizing the waste heat of the internal combustion engine have the purpose of achieving the highest possible proportion of mechanical or electrical energy when converting the fuel. This objective even applies to systems that serve, on the one hand, to supply mechanical energy that is taken from the crankshaft, and on the other hand to supply thermal energy for heating purposes. One would like to be able to vary the proportion of mechanical or electrical energy as widely as possible in accordance with the periodic fluctuations in the type of energy required. It is of course always possible to convert the entire energy into heat, for example by converting the electrical energy generated into heat, preferably by using the mechanical energy to operate a heat pump. The only problem is to increase the shaft power of the motor without uneconomically increasing the construction effort for the system.

In known devices of the type outlined at the outset, as are described, for example, in US Pat. No. 4,235,077 or US Pat. No. 3,979,913 (FIG. 2), the reduction gear which connects the steam turbine to the crankshaft of the internal combustion engine is used exclusively to take into account the fact that the speed of the steam turbine significantly exceeds that of the internal combustion engine.

As far as known combinations of internal combustion engines and steam turbines (see. DE-OS 27 45 995 or US-PS 3 979 913 - Fig. 3), the steam turbine for driving auxiliary units On the other hand, these are, without exception, units that can also be dispensed with in the start-up phase, in which no steam is yet available to operate the turbine, namely the alternator, the drive for the air conditioning system or the water pump for the engine ¬ cooling.

In contrast, the invention achieves a substantial reduction in the structural outlay in that the steam turbine is used to drive units which are driven in direct dependence on the engine speed. This makes sense if such units, like the steam turbine itself, have a considerably higher speed than the internal combustion engine active compound is derived to the crankshaft of the internal combustion engine stationary rinsing or Aufladegebl-äse to the incineration ^• motor. ^' . *

The design of the unit driven by the steam turbine as a flushing fan results in two-stroke engines. These already have a transmission for driving the flushing fan, into which, according to the invention, the drive energy coming from the steam turbine can be introduced on the fan side . A similar gearbox has four-stroke engines with mechanical supercharging, in which the supercharger is the unit driven by the steam turbine.

The waste heat from an internal combustion engine can produce about twice as much power as the blowers mentioned. If the power of the steam turbine is to be transferred to the crankshaft, the gearbox connecting the pump shaft to the blower only needs to be operated in the opposite direction with the same dimensioning. - 3 -

In the event that 'the steam used to drive the steam turbine is to be used either as a heat transfer medium for other purposes, the steam turbine is to be uncoupled from the reduction gear so that the internal combustion engine, which now operates the flushing or supercharging fan, unnecessarily the drive of the steam turbine is loaded. Conversely, if the consumers connected to the internal combustion engine are suddenly switched off, not only should further drive of the crankshaft by the steam turbine, but also high-speed idling of the steam turbine itself be avoided, which is why measures must be taken to prevent the steam driving the turbine for a short time redirect, e.g. through a quick-closing valve.

As mentioned, the transmission which connects the crankshaft to the blower is optimally used when the steam turbine provides approximately twice the blower output. Care must therefore be taken to ensure that a high degree of utilization of the waste heat of the internal combustion engine is achieved in the device according to the invention, for which a number of constructive proposals are made, which will subsequently be explained together with two exemplary embodiments of the invention.

1 and 2 are schematic representations of two exemplary embodiments of the invention in side view, FIGS. 3-5 show a cross section through the exhaust manifold 7 and two variants for the associated longitudinal cross section in the region of the separating joints the same.

The internal combustion engine 1 shown has a plurality of cylinders 4, the associated pistons of which act on a crankshaft 12 which carries a flywheel 5. The exhaust manifold 7 is designed as a steam superheater by covering its inside with pipes, preferably in the manner of a radiation boiler. The exhaust gases emerging intermittently from the exhaust ports of the cylinders give a considerable amount Part of their heat content at high temperature from the heat carriers flowing in the tubes, for example vaporous water. The exhaust gases flow further to a heat exchanger 6, which is preferably designed in terms of its volume ratios in such a way that it is known in the art

Resonance damper serves to suppress certain interference frequencies of the exhaust noise.

The tube bundles of the exhaust gas heat exchanger 6 and the pipe coils of the exhaust manifold 7 are in the flow direction opposite to the exhaust gas by a heat carrier or one at the given

Medium temperature evaporating medium, such as water, flows through. The steam acts on a steam turbine 3, which first outputs its power to the flushing fan 11 and then via the reduction gear 2 to the crankshaft of the internal combustion engine 1. The expanded steam is fed, for example via a non _^ drawn condenser, a feedwater pump and a feedwater tank the exhaust heat exchanger 6 in the cycle.

In this operating mode, a part of the heat content of the exhaust gases corresponding to the technical design of the exhaust gas heat exchanger 6 and the radiation surfaces in the exhaust manifold 7 is made usable as mechanical energy. As a result, the economy of the internal combustion engine 1 is considerably improved in those periods in which little or no low-temperature heat is required.

It is possible to include the cooling system of the internal combustion engine 1 in the steam turbine cycle, so that the heat transfer medium is also the cooling medium of the engine. In this case, the feed water pump, not shown, is arranged between the engine cooling chambers and a first exhaust gas heat exchanger. It is also possible to use so-called hot cooling. Preferably, a booster pump, not shown, is used between the low pressure rich in the cooling rooms of the internal combustion engine 1 and the high pressure area between the internal combustion engine 1 and the outlet of the heat transfer medium from the steam turbine 3 turned on.

If the internal combustion engine 1 is used to drive another heat engine, for example a high-pressure compressor, the cooling heat of at least the high-pressure stages of the compressor in the circuit of the heat carrier can also be used.

In order to achieve top performance, it is known to continuously or temporarily supply additional energy to the exhaust manifold 7 by means of an additional burner 8. Since such a burner works with a low pollutant content in its exhaust gases, the total pollutant emissions of the internal combustion engine 1 are not increased thereby, but are further reduced.

The power of the steam turbine 3 is transferred to the crankshaft 12 by means of a reduction gear 2, since the speeds of the steam turbine 3 significantly exceed those of the internal combustion engine. This is where the invention comes in, which assumes that an internal combustion engine 1 is used for the drive device provided, in which case a gearbox is necessary anyway in order to bring an additional unit to a number of revolutions which exceeds that of the internal combustion engine by about ten times . 5 If the internal combustion engine 1 is a two-stroke engine, the flushing fan forms such an assembly 11; if it is a four-stroke engine, the same conditions apply to a charging fan for mechanical charging. The same mechanism can thus be used to advertising, the performance of the steam turbine 3 transmitted to the crankshaft 12 to be driven ^• or a rinsing or supercharger of the crankshaft 12 from. In a constructive implementation

OMPI_ IPO 1, the steam turbine 3 is via a fluid coupling 13 with: the reduction gear

2 connected. The unit 11, which is designed as a flushing or supercharging fan, is arranged on the same side of this transmission, a hydraulic clutch 10 serving to keep the crankshaft nonuniformity from the unit 11. 2 is the steam turbine

3 via a separating clutch 9 directly connected to the flushing or charging blower 11, which in turn is connected to the transmission 2 via the fluid coupling 10.

In order to prevent the gas turbine 3 from continuing to act on the crankshaft 12 or from reaching excessive speeds when the internal combustion engine 1 is switched off, a valve 14 is provided which can interrupt the steam flow to the steam turbine 3 and discharge the steam to an emergency cooler (not shown).

Fig. ^{^'3.zeigt'} a section through a part of the collector 1 _r Auspuff¬ the necessary because of the possibility of expansion relative to the housing of the internal combustion engine 1 does not ein¬ is executed lumps. The cut is ge leads through the flange of the connection for the non-illustrated exhaust ports 7 ^1, the an¬ connects to the overhead gas inlet opening 18th

The individual parts of the exhaust manifold 7 are screwed together via their flanges 16. Plastic seals 26 (FIG. 4) or elastic intermediate pieces 27, in particular corrugated tube compensators (FIG. 5), are provided for the sealing in a manner known per se.

The exhaust manifold parts are provided on the outside with an insulation 19 which, after assembly, also includes the flanges 16 and the exhaust pipe (not shown).

The preferably cylindrical wall 20 of the exhaust manifold parts is specially designed on its inside invention provided with helically arranged grooves 21, the pitch of which is only slightly larger than the diameter of the pipes 15, so that the exhaust gas of the internal combustion engine 1 can largely wash around the pipes 15 at any point and can also coat the wall 20 between the pipes. The

Pipes 15 are each fastened at one of their ends in a fixed point 23. The pipe coil 15 is first inserted into the collector part, then fastened in a fixed point 23 and finally pressed firmly into the grooves 29 by rotating it about the central axis 28. The prestressing of the tubes not only avoids any vibration stress, but also improves the heat transfer from the wall 20 to the tube 15.

Claims

P ent claims:

1. Drive device with an internal combustion engine and a steam turbine, which is driven by utilizing the waste heat of the internal combustion engine, and with a transmission that connects the steam turbine to the crankshaft of the internal combustion engine rotating more slowly than the steam turbine, characterized in that the transmission (2 ) the drive of a flushing or supercharging blower (11) for the internal combustion engine (1), which is operatively connected to the crankshaft (12) of the internal combustion engine (1), is derived. -

2. Drive device according to claim 1, characterized gekennzeich¬ net that the steam turbine. (3) can preferably be uncoupled from the transmission (2) by emptying a hydraulic clutch (10, 13).

3. Drive device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized ge indicates that the drive de - steam turbine (3) can be switched off.

4. Drive device according to one of claims 1 to 3, wherein in order to utilize the waste heat of the internal combustion engine, a heat transfer medium inside a exhaust manifold is guided by a helical coil, characterized in that the collecting pipe (7) is divided into parts, which by Seals (26, 27) bridging expansion joints are separated, and that the slope of the pipe coil (15) is greater in the area of the expansion joints than in the adjoining areas.

5. Drive device according to claim 4, characterized gekenn¬ characterized in that the inner wall (14) of the collecting tube (7) is provided with grooves (21), the course of which corresponds to that of the coil (15).

OKFI

6. Drive device according to claim 5, characterized gekenn¬ characterized in that the coil (15) is biased in the sense of an enlargement of its diameter.