WO1984004125A1

WO1984004125A1 - Method and device for anchoring timber framing movably in a substructure

Info

Publication number: WO1984004125A1
Application number: PCT/SE1984/000140
Authority: WO
Inventors: Bengt Olof Schaurek; Kent Roland Wallin
Original assignee: Bengt Olof Schaurek; Kent Roland Wallin
Priority date: 1983-04-15
Filing date: 1984-04-13
Publication date: 1984-10-25
Also published as: DK154845C; SE8302124L; DK154845B; DK601284A; NO845065L; DK601284D0; SE446756B; SE8302124D0; EP0171391A1

Abstract

In a method and a device for anchoring timber framing (3, 4) movably to a substructure, e.g. in supplementary insulation of roofs or walls, timbers are laid out to cross over each other on the substructure in its entirety. Holes (7 or 8) are then made in the substructure at each crossing of the timbers as fastening devices (2, 10 or 20, 10) are anchored in the substructure. The holes may be through holes or they may bottom in the substructure, and they have an area which is greater than the arm (9 or 20) associated with the fastening device and which is to be inserted in the hole. Clamping is done by the holding means of the fastening device being engaged with the substructure and the bracket (10) of the fastening device gripping round the framing and urging it towards the substructure. The holes are then filled, suitably with a porous moisture-sealing material. The anchorage of the timber framing will be movable so that sheeting with larger surface than up to now can be erected without risk of damage or other undesirable effects.

Description

DESCRIPTION

Method and device for anchoring timber framing movably in a substructure ,

Technical field

The present invention relates to a method and a device for anchoring a crosswise laid timber framing movably in a substructure of lightweight concrete or the like. Prior Art

In practice, anchoring of timber framework to a substructure takes place by the timber nearest the substructure being indirectly screwed into the sub- structure. There are thus utilized holed angle section brackets, one leg of which is screwed down on the substructure by at least two screws, which are fixed in plugs inserted relatively superficially into the substructure. The other leg of the bracket is screwed or nailed to the timber lying closest the substructure. Crossing timber, which thus is at a distance from the substructure, is nailed to the first-mentioned timber. The anchorage, thus obtained is not movable.

This known method is burdened with a series of problems, particularly in the additions, which are more and more usual these days, to existing buildings^" for giving them better heat insulation than was originally intended when they were put up. In buildings with roofs and/or walls of lightweight concrete-like material it is thus desired to erect a timber framing in which the additional insulation is to be arranged and on which the new roof or facade material in the form of sheet sections is to be nailed. Many buildings, such as gymnasia and other large assembly buildings, furthermore have roofs with very small slope and it is also a desire to use the building if possible, even while reconstruction takes place. As time passes, the lightweight concrete used in roofs and walls gets poorer strength properties in the portion facing outwards. With methods for screwing down the timber known up to now, penetration into the "aged" lightweight concrete.is not sufficient for achieving reliable fixing of the newly laid roof sheeting or wall. It is well known that roofs in particular are subjected to large forces due to wind and snow loading, particularly in such as gymnasia or sports buildings with a roof slope of only some few degrees (3-4 degrees as usual} . It may easily happen that a storm causes the newly laid roof to blow off, the screw fixings with the plugs ripping away the upper layer of the lightweight concrete.

Another problem is that roofs with small slope do not allow jointing of the roof cladding in the transverse direction of the roof, since such have a tendency to attract moisture. So far'; cladding a roof with sheeting has been accompanied by certain difficulties. Since joint-free sheeting roofs furthermore require a movable or so-called floating timber frame, due to temperature variations causing movements in the sheet roof, there are thus further problems in known methods of anchoring the timber framing. Disclosure of Invention All the above-mentioned problems are circumvented with the method and device in accordance with the present invention. Thus, the method of anchoring a crosswise laid timber framing movably on a substructure of lightweight concrete or the like according to the present invention involves the use. of fastening devices each one of which comprising an arm having a holding member and a bracket portion. The method is characterized in that the crossing timbers are laid out uniformly interspaced on the substructur in its entirety. Then a hole is made in the substructure at each timber crossing and a fastening device is positioned at the hole to be anchored to the substructure by having its arm inserted with clearance in the hole and its holding member brought to engagement with the substructure. Simultaneously the bracket of the fastening device is brought to clasp the timber spaced from the substructure at the timbercrossing and a clamping force is obtained between the spaced timber and the substructure.

The method according to the invention can be realized with a very simple aid by the device according to the invention. Thus, the device includes a fastening device comprising an arm having one end inserted in a hole made in the .substructure and carrying a holding means intended to engage with the substructure. The other end of the arm is co-acting with a bracket clasping the timber framing. The device is characterized in that the bracket is arranged to clasp the timberof the timber framing spaced from the substructure. The bracket is disposed. freely movable on the arm which thrusts into an opening in the bracket. The arm carries a clamping means for generating a clamping force between the timber framing and the substructure. The device is tiltably anchored in the substructure by having a hole diameter larger than the diameter of the arm introduced therein and by holding means beared on the arm by a pivot axis perpendicular to the arm.

The present invention thus affords possibilities of utilizing large sheet roofs, or walls with few joints, the size of the sheets coming into use only being limited by reasons of transport and not of building technology.

By the arm of the fastening device used extending so far into the lightweight concrete, and even through the entire lightweight concrete layer, there is obtained a fastening of great strength without renouncing the required ability of movement in the timber framing for a sheet roof.

By being able to perform wall or roof cladding work without needing to drill holes in the old roof (wall) to start with, the facility inside can be used during the whole of the time the cladding work is in process. Necessary holes, even if they are through holes, only need to be made in conjunction with putting the fastening means in position and can be sealed immediately with porous, moistureimpermeable material. Since this material is porous, the movement of the timber framing is not affected.

The fastening device is suitably manufactured from metal having good tensile strength. To remedy possible condensation troubles which can occur at the passage of the metal arm from the outwardly facing side of the lightweight concrete to its inwardly facing side, heat insulation is arranged between the metal arm and the bracket, which is similarly manufactured from metal. On many, occasions., particularly with large. wall or roof surfaces, it is desirable that sheeting and timber frame movements take place just as much in both directions round a "zero zone", where sheets and timber framing are rigidly fixed to the rest of the building. In accordance with the invention this has been solved by holding members being fastened between two adjacent parallel timbers. Preferred Embodiments

The invention will now be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, where Figure 1 schematically illustrates the principle of timber framing anchored movably in lightweight concrete in accordance with the invention.

Figure 2 is the section II-II of Figure 1, through a part of a building with its old roof covering and with timber framing arranged thereon in accordance with the invention, Figures 3A-D illustrate an embodiment.of a fastening device for carrying out the method in accordance with the invention Figure 3D illustrating the use of the fastening device, and Figures 4A-C illustrate a modified embodiment of the same fastening device.

Timber framing arranged on a roof is referred to in the continued description, but the same principle implementation applies to the arrangement of timber framing on walls. The principle for laying timber framing in accordan with the invention is illustrated in Figure 1, a portion of a roof between the ridge 1 and eaves 2 being depicted. Witho damaging the existing roofing in any way, transverse timbers are laid out, and on top of these longitudinal timbers 4. With large roof areas, this work can be time-consuming, whic does not have any importance with regard to the use of the building or weather, since no holes are made in the original roof or its cladding. If a fixed position is desired along some line, e.g. between the longitudinal timbers 4A and 4B, these two longitudinal timbers 4A and 4B are attached to each other with the aid of transverse scantlings 5, which are nailed to the timber framing or fastened to it in some other way.

At a suitable time, the timbers 3, 4 may be anchored to the roof by holes being drilled in the roof for attaching the fastening device 6. A hole may thus be bored just before fitting a fastening device 6, such that after fixing the fastening device 6 the hole is immediately filled with some porous moisturesealing material such as foam plastics. The porous material must have resilient properties so that the fastening device 6 is allowed to move in the hole, whereby the timber framing will be anchored movably in the roof. The movable anchoring can thereby start from the zero zone which is formed between the longitudinal timbers 4A, 4B, for example.

i EΛ OMPI . IPO Different embodiments of anchoring-timber framing are illustrated in Figure 2. However, the main parts of the illustrated section through the roof and a portion of the wall will be explained first. The building roof rests on prefabricated beams B which are supported by columns P. The roofing is made from lightweight concrete blocks L which are covered with roofing felt T. At the eaves F there is a specially shaped light¬ weight concrete block LI with a pitch composition M formed on its outside. The building wall is made up in several layers of which here are indicated an insulation layer I with exterior facade brickwork FT and a junction portion V to the eaves F.

The building roof is now to be provided with extra insulation and an exterior sheet roof (not shown) . The slope of the roof is small and it is desirable to use roof cladding with.as few joints as possible, which means that the largest possible sheet sections are to be used. There is thus required a movably anchored timber framework. An example of a known method of anchoring timber framing in lightweight concrete is illustrated in Figure 2. A free hole H for a screw S is bored in the timber 3 closest to the lightweight concrete L, the hole H being bored down through the roofing felt T and into the upper layer . of the lightweight concrete L. A plug E is inserted in the concrete, and when the screw S is tightened down the plug rigidly fixes the timber 4 to the concrete. The longitudinal timbers 4B, 4 arranged above the timber 3 are nailed to the timber 3 and there is thus obtained an entirely rigid anchora of the timber framing. Furthermore, the forces which the roofing sheets fastened to the timbers 4B, 4 are subjected to will be transferred to the outer layer of the concrete L. Even with the use of very closely spaced screws S, the anchorage will be deficient, since it is precisely the outer layer of the lightweight concrete L which has been most subjected to aging, as mentioned above.

OMPI In Figure 2 there are also depicted two different embodiments of the anchoring method in accordance with the present invention, namely an embodiment with a through hole 7 and an embodiment with a hole 8 bottoming in the lightweig concrete. The embodiment with the through hole 7 will be described first below.

When fastening the timber framing 3, 4 is to take place, a hole 7 through the roofing felt T and light¬ weight concrete L is bored in the immediate vicinity of each crossover between two timbers 3 and 4. The arm 9 of a. fastening device 6 is inserted in the hole 7 simultaneous¬ ly as the bracket 10 on the fastening device 6 is brought round the timber spaced from the lightweight concrete L. After clamping the fastening device 6, the hole 7 is filled with porous moisture-sealing material. The area of. the hole 7 is greater than the diameter of the arm 9, and the arm will thus be pivotably anchored in the roof.

In Figure 3 there is illustrated a fastening device 6 for a through hole 7, Figure 3A illustrating the device 6 in position for insertion into the hole. Figures SB and 3C the same fastening device in an inserted position. The view according to Figure 3B is turned 90° relative the views according to Figures 3A and 3C, the latter being mutually rotated 180°C. The fastening device 6 according to Figure 3 thus includes the previously mentioned arm 9, at the insertion end of which there is a -holding means in the form of a pivotably mounted foot 11. The opposite end of the arm 9 has a thread 12 with a nut 13. The previously mentioned bracket 10 is arranged for free movement on this part of the arm 9.

The bracket 10 has a bottom portion 14 with a hole for the arm 9, an intermediate portion 16, which together with an upper portion 17 is intended to grip round or clasp a timber. The intermediate and upper portions 16, 17 thus form a space having substantially the same dimensions

OMPI as the cross section of the timber.

On insertion of the arm 9 in the through hole (7 in Fig. 2) the pivotable foot-11 is retracted in line with the longitudinal axis of the arm 9 (Fig. 3A) , which 5 is enabled due to the foot 11 having a U-shaped cross section (compare Fig. 3B) . When the end of the arm 9 with the foot 11 thrusts out from the mouth of the hole, the foot assumes an attitude at right angles to the longitudinal axis of the arm. The foot 11 and the bottom

___3 - portion 14 όf_.t]_3_hrackBt 10 will then engage against the lightweight concrete (L in Fig. 2) on mutually opposing sides. The fastening device 6 is tightened up round the lightweight concrete with the aid of the nut 13, so that the foot 11 comes into engagement with the

3-5 lightweight concrete. The bottom part 14, which is flat, can indeed come into enαaσement acrainst the lightweight concrete but is disolaceable on the surface thereof even so.

Since the fastening device 6 is to advantage 0 manufactured from metal, and the bracket 10 in a fitted condition is.situated in a colder zone than the one applvincr to the foot 11, at least during winter time, a heat-insulating washer 18 is therefore inserted to bridge between the bracket 10 and the arm 9- It will 5 be further seen from Figure 3D that in a fitted condition the bottom part 14 of the fastening device forms a gap to the lightweight concrete L for maintaining the necessary tensile force 8. A washer 25, suitably from nylon, is arranged between the timbers 3 and 4 ° for reduction friction.

Turning again to Fig. 2, a modified embodiment of the invention may also be considered, namely the one with the hole 8 bottoming in the lightweight concrete L. As with what has been said about the hole 7 above, 5 the hole 8 is bored through the roofing felt T and into the concrete L in the immediate vicinity of each

OMPI crossing between timbers 3 and 4. Te arm 20 of a modified fastening device 6 is inserted in the hole 8 simultaneously as its bracket 10 is caused to grip around the timber lying spaced from the lightweight concrete L. After clamping the fastening device 6, the hole 8 is also suitably filled with porous moisture-sealing material. The area of the hole 8 is greater than the cross section of the arm 20, the latter thus being pivotably anchored in the roof. The modified fastening device 6 for the bottoming hole 8 is depicted in Figure 4.

Figures 4A and 4B illustrate in vie*©turned mutually by 90° an inner rod-like arm portion 21, the holding member in the form of two cross-shaped expanding plates 22, 23 being arranged at its end, which is to be inserted in the hole 8. The plates 22, 23 are disposed for- coaction with a sleeve 24 placed round the arfα portion 21, the end of the sleeve 24 facing towards the plates 22, 23 being bevelled, see Figure 4C. By forcing the sleeve 24 against the plates 22, 23, which may be spring biassed to assume the normal position illustrated in Figure 4B,. the plates 22, 23 are expanded. This downward urging of the sleeve 24 relative the arm portion 21 is obtained with the aid of the nut 13, which is threaded onto the thread 12 on the opposite end of the arm portion 21, this end also carrying the bracket 10.

When the fastening device 6 is mounted in a hole 8 according to Figure 4, the device is naturally complete according to Fig. 4C with its bracket 10. When inserting in the hole 8, the plates 22, 23 assume the attitude illustrated in Fig. 4B, and when the device reaches the bottom of the hole 8, and the bracket has been caused to grip round the intended timber 4 (Fig. 2), the nut 13 is rotated so that the plates 22, 23

OMPI will work themselves into the lightweight concrete L (Fig 2) .

With the aid of the present invention there is thus obtained a possibility of reaching down into still-resistant parts of the lightweight concrete and obtain the heaviest possible anchorage of the timber framing without renouncing any of its movability. Insulation mats are applied round the timbers 3, 4 in the usual manner, and after this the roof sheeting can be attached to the framing in a suitable way.

Even if the device in accordance with the invention has now been illustrated with the aid of preferred embodiments, it is possible for one skilled in the art to take .^''dif erent-measures in individual cases without departing from the inventive concept. For example, it may be found suitable to nail the bracket 10 to the timber 4, compare the hole illustrated in the bracket 10 according to Fig. 3A. The invention may thus not be regarded as restricted to the described and illustrated embodiments but solely to the following claims.

Claims

1. A method of anchoring a crosswise laid timber framing movably by fastening devices (6) on a substructure (L) of lightweight concrete or t e like, each fastening device (6) comprising an arm (9; 20) having a holding member (11; 22, 23) and a bracket portion (10) , said method being characterized in that the crossing timbers (3, 4) are laid out uniformly interspaced on the substructure (L) in its entirety, after which a hole . (7, 8) is made in the substructure (L) at each timber, crossing and a fastening device (6) is positioned at. the hole (7, 8) to be anchored to the substructure (L) by having its arm (9; 20) inserted with clearance in the hole, and its holding member (11; 22, 23) brought to engagement with the substructure ML) simultaneously as its bracket portion (10) is brought to clasp the timber (4) spaced from the substructure (L) at the timber, crossing, such that a clamping force is obtained between this spaced timber (4) and the substructure (L) .

2. A method as claimed in claim 1, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that the holes (7, 8) are made alternatingly on either side of the timber (4) situated spaced from the substructure (L) .

3. A method as claimed in claim 1, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that the holes (7) are caused to go completely through the substructure (L) , the holding member (11) of the arm (9) being extended to engage against the side of the substructure facing away from the timber framing when the end of the arm thrusts out of the hole.

4. A method as claimed in claim 1, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that the holes (8) bottom in the substructure (L) and that the holding means (22, 23) of the arm (20) is caused to expand at the bottom of the hole.

5. A method as claimed in any of the preceding claims, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that the holes (7, 8) are filled with porous moistureimpenetrable material after the fastening device (6) has been mounted.

6. Method as claimed in claim 1, c h a r a c t e r i z¬ e d in that the timber framing is made movable on either side of a fixed zone by having two mutually adjacent timbers (4A, 4B) of those spaced from the substructure coupled together with the aid of transverse retaining means (5) .

7. A device for anchoring a crosswise laid timber framing movablv on a substructure (L) of lightweight concrete or the like, which device includes a fastening device (6) comprising an arm (9; 20) having one end inserted in a hole (7, 8) made in the substructure and carrying a holding means (11; 22, 23) intended to engage with the substructure, and the other end of the arm is co-acting with a bracket (10) clasping said timber framing, said device being characterized in that the bracket (10) is arranged to clasp the timber (4) of the timber framing spaced from the substructure (L) , the bracket (10) being disposed freely movable on the arm (9; 20) which thrusts into an opening in the bracket and carries a clamping means (13) for generating a clamping force between the timber framing and the sub- structure (L) , the device being tiltably anchored in the substructure by having a hole (7,

8) diameter larger than the diameter of the arm (9; 20) and by the holding means (11; 22, 23)beared on the arm (9; 20) by a pivot axis perpendicular to the arm: 8. A device as claimed in claim 7, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that the holding means for holes (7) , which are through holes in the substructure (L) , constitutes a foot (11) with a substantially U-shaped cross section and pivotable on the end of the arm (9) , the foot being axial with the arm when the arm is inserted in the hole, and adapted to be tipped substantially at right angles to the axis of the arm after having passed through the through hole.

9. A device as claimed in claim 7, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that the holding means for holes (8) bottoming in the substructure (L) constitutes, an expandable scissors (22, 23) which is kept retracted when the arm (20) is inserted in the hole and is expandable with the aid of a sleeve (24) arranged concentric on the arm and displaceable relative thereto with the aid of the clamping means (13)

10. A device as claimed in claim 7, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that the fastening device (6) is of metal, the connection of the clamping means (13) to the arm (9; 20) being arranged via at least one heat-insulating washer (18) .