WO1984000431A1 - Process and electronic apparatus for teaching and using number systems by means of letters and numbers - Google Patents
Process and electronic apparatus for teaching and using number systems by means of letters and numbers Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1984000431A1 WO1984000431A1 PCT/HU1983/000036 HU8300036W WO8400431A1 WO 1984000431 A1 WO1984000431 A1 WO 1984000431A1 HU 8300036 W HU8300036 W HU 8300036W WO 8400431 A1 WO8400431 A1 WO 8400431A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- unit
- letters
- input
- letter
- display
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09B—EDUCATIONAL OR DEMONSTRATION APPLIANCES; APPLIANCES FOR TEACHING, OR COMMUNICATING WITH, THE BLIND, DEAF OR MUTE; MODELS; PLANETARIA; GLOBES; MAPS; DIAGRAMS
- G09B7/00—Electrically-operated teaching apparatus or devices working with questions and answers
- G09B7/02—Electrically-operated teaching apparatus or devices working with questions and answers of the type wherein the student is expected to construct an answer to the question which is presented or wherein the machine gives an answer to the question presented by a student
- G09B7/04—Electrically-operated teaching apparatus or devices working with questions and answers of the type wherein the student is expected to construct an answer to the question which is presented or wherein the machine gives an answer to the question presented by a student characterised by modifying the teaching programme in response to a wrong answer, e.g. repeating the question, supplying a further explanation
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09B—EDUCATIONAL OR DEMONSTRATION APPLIANCES; APPLIANCES FOR TEACHING, OR COMMUNICATING WITH, THE BLIND, DEAF OR MUTE; MODELS; PLANETARIA; GLOBES; MAPS; DIAGRAMS
- G09B19/00—Teaching not covered by other main groups of this subclass
- G09B19/02—Counting; Calculating
- G09B19/025—Counting; Calculating with electrically operated apparatus or devices
Definitions
- the invention relates to a process and electronical means having been designed for the realization of said process, for teaching the number systems, practicing the operations preformed therein by the aid of letters and numbers; both the process and the apparatus can be successfully used as a toy developing power of thinking and logical skill.
- Algebraic problems are known, at the solution of which one word is added to another and the third word, we are searching for is forming the result.
- the task lies in to determine the values of the numbers belonging to the letters figuring in the words. So e.g.
- a plurality of computers is known, by the aid of which arithmetic basis operations can be performed and on the display element of which data, re- suits in the decimal system can be displayed numerically, in a given case alphanumerically.
- neither electronic means nor computers are known, by the aid of which mathematical operations could be performed by trains of letters in any optional number system.
- the aim of the invention is to develop a process and an electronic device, by the aid of which mathematic basic operations can be performed by means of optional letters and in optional number systems so, that solution in a given number system is to be obtained by the way of logical thinking.
- the apparatus according to the invention controls the solution of the task, it displays the proper result and also the erroneous answer.
- the invention relates to a process for using and teaching mathematical basic operations in any optional number system.
- the essence of the process according to the invention lies in that the person performing the operation is giving the task in form of letters, while during the time of solving the task the same number is co-ordinated at random to one certain letter, the task figuring in form of letters is written on the display, thereafter the result of the given operation is also written in form of letters; thereafter, the numerical values considered as corresponding to the single letters by the person trying to solve the task are displayed on the place corresponding to the local value of the given letter by means of keys; in case of an improper choice of the pair of letter and digit, i.e. if a mathematically impossible result is obtained, the error is indicated for the person performing the operation.
- two screens are used for solving and control of the task, one for the display of the letters, the other one for the numbers.
- the essence of the method lies in that the digits - when substituted for the given letters - are leading to a mathematically correct solution, are to be found by logical thinking, step by step.
- This method is really advantageous, because - either we intend to use the electronic apparatus for teaching, using or play - solving the task requires thinking at all means, as the apparatus is evaluating only and indicates the result of evaluation.
- the invention relates to a process for using, teaching mathematical basic operations in an optionally chosen number system - or simply playing a game - and the essence of the process according to the invention lies in that the person performing the operation is giving the task in form of letters, while during the time of solving the task always the same number is co-ordinated at random to one certain letter, the task figuring in form of letters is written on the screen, thereafter the result of the given operation is also written in form of letters; thereafter the numerical values considered as corresponding to the single letters by the person trying to solve the task are displayed on the place corresponding to the local value of the given letter by means of pressing the proper key; in case of an incorrect choice of the pair of letter and digit, i.e. if a mathematically impossible result is obtained, the error is indicated for the person performing the operation.
- the number system in which we intend to operate is given in the order of sequence, thereafter the first operandus of the operation is introduced in form of letters, followed by the sign of the operation; in the next step the second operandus of the operation is introduced also in form of letters, - in case of several lines, alternatively the next operandus - thereafter the sign of the operation, the sign of equality; after having performed all the steps, the apparatus according to the invention writes the solution of the task in form of letters.
- the electronic apparatus co-ordinates always the same digit - chosen at random - to a letter having been already introduced.
- the apparatus according to the invention is designed so, as in case of the input of a number, which would lead to a mathematically impossible result, the apparatus is giving immediately a signal, i.e. if the place value of a partial numerical structure is not in the correct compliance with the letter structure.
- the invention also relates to the electronical apparatus for realizing the process according to the invention containing the units satisfying the aimed functions.
- the essence of the electronical apparatus lies in that it contains a central microprocessor unit, one input channel each of which is connected to a fixed and random memory, the letter-input and display unit, the unit for the adjustment of the selected number system, to the digit input and display unit, the unit for the input of the mathematical operator and equality, with the unit for correction the data-input, as well as with the canceling unit; the output channel each of said central microprocessor unit is connected to the fixed and random memory, with the letter input- and display unit, the digit input- and display unit, as well as the unit displaying the erroneous result and the unit for the display of the correct result.
- An advantageous embodiment of the invention is characterized in that the unit for the input and display of the digits is provided with a row of keys having been designed for the input of the digits.
- the unit for the input of the letters and for the display thereof is provided with a row of keys being suitable for the input of the letters.
- figure 1 illustrates the block scheme of the electronic apparatus according to the invention
- figure 2 is showing the frontal plate of the preferred embodiment of the electronic apparatus according to the invention with, the manipulating elements serving as an example.
- the block scheme of the electronic apparatus having been developed for realizing the process according to the invention is to be seen in figure 1.
- the circuit arrangement contains the central microprocessor unit 3, connected to the fixed and random memory 1.
- the central microprocessor unit 3 is connected to the unit 2 for the input and display of the letters, by the aid of which the selected or predetermined letters can be written by pressing the proper keys 11.
- the central microprocessor unit 3 is connected to the unit 5 for the adjustment of the selected number system, formed in the present embodiment serving as an example as a push-switch 14, the push-switch 14 is to set to the base figure of the selected number system.
- Further input channels of the central microprocessor unit 3 are connected to the unit 6 for the input of the mathematical operator and equality, respectively, as well as with the unit 9 for the required correction of the dates having been already introduced, as well as with the canceling unit 10; the output channels are connected with the unit 7 displaying the correct result and with the unit 8 displaying the incorrect results, as well as with the units 2 and 4.
- the frontal plate of a preferred embodiment of the circuit arrangement according to the invention and the manipulating organs thereon are to be seen in figure 2.
- the keys are arranged on the frontal plate in an ergonomically advantageous manner.
- the embodiment illustrated here and serving as an example can be used up to the decimal number system, however, it goes without saying, that the number of the number systems can be optionally larger or smaller.
- the two screens 13, 19 are arranged, screen 13 writes the letters, while screen 19 writes the digits. In a line five letters each can be written at most, with the exception of the third line, wherein in dependence of the result six letters may appear.
- the keys 16, 17 for the input of the operational signs are to be found, underneath the lamp 20 indicating the correctness or incorrectness of the chosen number, as well as the lamp 22 indicating the correct choice.
- the lamp 22 is lighting with a discontinuous or continuous light depending on whether the solution found is representing one of the possible solutions, or perhaps a solution, the apparatushas also "thought" of.
- the keys 11 for the selectable letters and keys 12 for the selectable digits are arranged, mutual co-cordination and input becomes possible by means of the key 18 arranged inbetween.
- the further keys on the frontal plate is the key 21 for canceling the last introduced digit and the key 23 for canceling the whole - i.e. already solved - task or an interrupted operation, as well as the key 15 for switching-on the apparatus.
- the embodiment described here represents but one possible version of realization, so e.g. different display means, instead of the keys other switching elements may be used, or the keys may be omitted at all.
- the apparatus is suitable for playing in number systems, by using the model serving as an example addition and subraction may be performed from the binary number system up to the decimal system.
- the digits are adjusted in form of letters, thereafter the values of the digits having been substituted by the letters are to be determined by reasoning and to introduce them into the apparatus.
- the toy ten keys 11 for the letters and ten keys 12 for the digits are to be found. Whichever of the letter-keys is pressed down, the electronics of the toy select at random a one-figure number, it records to which of the letters it belongs and stores it in its memory. We never know the number the electronics are chosing, whenever a letter-key is actuated.
- the letters may be pressed in any optional order of sequence. Electronics may choose any number to any letter, accordingly, any letter may stand for any number.
- the same letter-key can be repeatedly pressed down, the value of which will be a memorized digit.
- the same digit cannot belong to different letters, this possibility is excluded from the principle of the toy.
- different numbers will belong to the same letter. The choice is at random, random character is automatically assured.
- the push-switch 14 is to be set onto the graduation two /2/.
- any letter can be pressed and in any optional order of sequence, but not more, than two.
- the numerical value in any order of sequence may be either 0, or 1, as in the binary system only these two digits exist.
- the push-switch 14 of the number system is to be set onto the graduation 3 of the scale.
- any letter-key and in any optional order of sequence can be actuated, but three at most.
- the numerical value thereof can be 0, 1 and 2 in any optional order of sequence, as in the ternary system only these digits exist. /Restriction is assured by the push-switch 14./
- the push-switch 14 is to be set on the graduation 10. All the ten letter symbols can be used in an optional order of sequence. In this case every one of the ten letter symbols has its digit-pair. It is possible to use less letters, if the lines consisting of 2 x 5 letter places are not completely occupied or a letter is repeatedly used. In this case some of the ten digits - not known for us - will not be memorized.
- the essence of the game lies in to determine by reasoning the digits which correspond to the letters appearing in the line consisting of 2 x 5 letter places and in the result-line comprising six letter places, from two to ten, in some pre-selected number system.
- the game can be played individually or in groups. So e.g. any order of sequence of the letters in any number system can be set as a task for a group, e.g. for the pupils of a class.
- LLCKH 11230 corresponding to the numbers possible in the quaternary system. Both solutions are in compliance with the train of letters, that is, what we are searching for.
- the solution corresponds to the train of letters, but we could not find the variation chosen by the apparatus.
- the result can be cancelled by pressing twice the key 21 with the sign CC and the player may begin to search for the variation having been chosen by the toy or any other still existing variation. 6/
- the key 23 with the sign CE is cancelling everything, the letters, the numbers and the whole contents of the memory.
- the toy is empty, a new game may be begun.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
NL8320202A NL8320202A (en) | 1982-07-13 | 1983-07-07 | METHOD AND ELECTRONIC DEVICE FOR TEACHING AND USING NUMBER SYSTEMS BY LETTERS AND NUMBERS |
GB08405424A GB2135100A (en) | 1982-07-13 | 1983-07-07 | Process and electronic apparatus for teaching and using number systems by means of letters and numbers |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
HU226682 | 1982-07-13 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1984000431A1 true WO1984000431A1 (en) | 1984-02-02 |
Family
ID=10958592
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/HU1983/000036 WO1984000431A1 (en) | 1982-07-13 | 1983-07-07 | Process and electronic apparatus for teaching and using number systems by means of letters and numbers |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0112880A1 (en) |
JP (1) | JPS59501248A (en) |
DE (1) | DE3390090T1 (en) |
GB (1) | GB2135100A (en) |
NL (1) | NL8320202A (en) |
PT (1) | PT76971A (en) |
WO (1) | WO1984000431A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0335737A2 (en) * | 1988-03-31 | 1989-10-04 | The Open University | Computational aid |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4151659A (en) * | 1978-06-07 | 1979-05-01 | Eric F. Burtis | Machine for teaching reading |
GB1554492A (en) * | 1976-08-02 | 1979-10-24 | Conway M J | Teaching apparatus |
US4247895A (en) * | 1979-03-09 | 1981-01-27 | Weber Randy C | Dual mode arithmetic teaching apparatus |
-
1983
- 1983-07-01 PT PT7697183A patent/PT76971A/en unknown
- 1983-07-07 NL NL8320202A patent/NL8320202A/en unknown
- 1983-07-07 WO PCT/HU1983/000036 patent/WO1984000431A1/en active Application Filing
- 1983-07-07 JP JP50224683A patent/JPS59501248A/en active Pending
- 1983-07-07 EP EP19830902117 patent/EP0112880A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1983-07-07 GB GB08405424A patent/GB2135100A/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1983-07-07 DE DE19833390090 patent/DE3390090T1/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB1554492A (en) * | 1976-08-02 | 1979-10-24 | Conway M J | Teaching apparatus |
US4151659A (en) * | 1978-06-07 | 1979-05-01 | Eric F. Burtis | Machine for teaching reading |
US4247895A (en) * | 1979-03-09 | 1981-01-27 | Weber Randy C | Dual mode arithmetic teaching apparatus |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0335737A2 (en) * | 1988-03-31 | 1989-10-04 | The Open University | Computational aid |
EP0335737A3 (en) * | 1988-03-31 | 1990-02-14 | The Open University | Computational aid |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
NL8320202A (en) | 1984-05-01 |
GB2135100A (en) | 1984-08-22 |
EP0112880A1 (en) | 1984-07-11 |
DE3390090T1 (en) | 1984-08-09 |
GB8405424D0 (en) | 1984-04-04 |
JPS59501248A (en) | 1984-07-19 |
PT76971A (en) | 1983-08-01 |
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