WO1983002736A1 - Atomisation variable de gaz - Google Patents

Atomisation variable de gaz Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1983002736A1
WO1983002736A1 PCT/US1982/000174 US8200174W WO8302736A1 WO 1983002736 A1 WO1983002736 A1 WO 1983002736A1 US 8200174 W US8200174 W US 8200174W WO 8302736 A1 WO8302736 A1 WO 8302736A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
gas
liquid
sheet
nozzle
atomization
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US1982/000174
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
William A Walsh Jr
Original Assignee
Walsh, William, A., Jr.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Walsh, William, A., Jr. filed Critical Walsh, William, A., Jr.
Priority to PCT/US1982/000174 priority Critical patent/WO1983002736A1/fr
Priority to BR8208059A priority patent/BR8208059A/pt
Priority to AU82721/82A priority patent/AU552207B2/en
Publication of WO1983002736A1 publication Critical patent/WO1983002736A1/fr
Priority to FI833650A priority patent/FI833650A/fi
Priority to DK462283A priority patent/DK462283A/da
Priority to NO833666A priority patent/NO833666L/no

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25C—PRODUCING, WORKING OR HANDLING ICE
    • F25C3/00—Processes or apparatus specially adapted for producing ice or snow for winter sports or similar recreational purposes, e.g. for sporting installations; Producing artificial snow
    • F25C3/04—Processes or apparatus specially adapted for producing ice or snow for winter sports or similar recreational purposes, e.g. for sporting installations; Producing artificial snow for sledging or ski trails; Producing artificial snow
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
    • B05B7/02—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge
    • B05B7/025—Nozzles having elongated outlets, e.g. slots, for the material to be sprayed
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
    • B05B7/02—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge
    • B05B7/04—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with arrangements for mixing liquids or other fluent materials before discharge
    • B05B7/0416—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with arrangements for mixing liquids or other fluent materials before discharge with arrangements for mixing one gas and one liquid
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
    • B05B7/02—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge
    • B05B7/12—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge designed to control volume of flow, e.g. with adjustable passages
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25C—PRODUCING, WORKING OR HANDLING ICE
    • F25C2303/00—Special arrangements or features for producing ice or snow for winter sports or similar recreational purposes, e.g. for sporting installations; Special arrangements or features for producing artificial snow
    • F25C2303/048—Snow making by using means for spraying water
    • F25C2303/0481—Snow making by using means for spraying water with the use of compressed air

Definitions

  • This invention relates to gas atomizing nozzles, and a method and apparatus for varying and controlling the degree of atomization, the nozzle capacity and the 5 spray dilution, over wide ranges. 2 « Description of the Prior Art:
  • Atomization is considered to be the process of breaking up a liquid and dispersing it into a surrounding atmosphere in the form of fog, mist, fine 10 s P ra y ° r coarse drops.
  • Gas ato iz-ation involves the breakup of a liquid stream by contact with a high velocity gas stream, typically compressed air or steam.
  • gas atomizing nozzles are generally employed where relatively fine sprays are 15 required.
  • the degree of atomization, with gas atomizing nozzles is such that the characteristic droplet size of the resulting spray (frequently expressed in terms of the mass median diameter, or MMD) is in the range of 10 to 100 microns, and the 20 individual nozzle capacities are usually below 4 lit./min.
  • a method lOand apparatus for gas atomizing in which gas and a liquid to be atomized are formed under pressure into adjacent flowing sheets. Control of the length, width and thickness of the sheets is used to control spray droplet size, atmospheric spray 5 dilution, and flow rates.
  • FIG. 1 shows an annular snowmaking nozzle as viewed from the rear, i.e., looking in the direction of spray, and as assembled with its gimbal type pipe 0 stand with portions cut away.
  • Fig. 2 is an enlarged elevation view of the nozzle portion of Fig. 1, as viewed from the front or spray ace.
  • Fig. 3 is an enlarged plan view of nozzle portion of Fig. 1, rotated 90 degrees.
  • Fig. 4 shows sectioi 4-4 of Fig. 3 enlarged two times.
  • Fig. 5a shows section 5a-5a of Fig. 2, enlarged.
  • Fig. 5b shows section 5b-5b of Fig. 2, enlarged.
  • Fig. 6 is an enlarged view of the portion of Fig. 5 designated as 6-6.
  • Fig. 7 is a plan view of an annular nozzle as devised for atomization of viscous liquids or slurries.
  • Fig. 8 is a rear elevation view of the nozzle of Fig. 7.
  • Fig. 9 is a front (or spray exit) elevation view of the nozzle of Fig. 7.
  • Fig. 10 shows section 10-10 of Fig. 9 enlarged two times.
  • Fig. 11 is an enlarged view of the portion of Fig. 10 designated as 11-11.
  • Fig. 12 shows an assembly of four linear sheet forming nozzles as devised for spray cooling of power plant condenser water effluent.
  • _ Q Fig. 13 is a plan view of one nozzle of Fig. 12 enlarged four times.
  • Fig. 14 is a side elevation view of one nozzle of Fig. 12 enlarged four times.
  • Fig. 15 is a left side elevation view of the first 5 nozzle, i.e., at the left end, of the nozzle assembly of Fig. 12 enlarged four times.
  • Fig. 16 is a right side elevation view of the first nozzle, a right or left side elevation view of the second or third nozzle, or a left side elevation 0 view of the fourth nozzle of Fig. 12 enlarged four times.
  • Fig. 17 is a right side elevation view of the fourth nozzle of Fig. 12 enlarged four times.
  • Fig. 18 shows section 18-18 as designated in Fig. 5 13 and Fig. 16 enlarged eight times.
  • Fig. 19 shows section 19-19 of Fig. 14 enlarged four times.
  • Fig. 20 shows the portion of Fig. 19 designated as 20-20 enlarged eight times.
  • Fig. 21 shows the portion of Fig. 20 designated as 21-21 enlarged ten times.
  • FIGs. 1 through 6 illustrate an annular nozzle as developed for snowmaking in accordance with the method of atomization control of this invention, and generally designated by reference number 100.
  • Fig. 1 shows annular nozzle 100 as viewed from the rear, i.e., looking in the direction of spray and as assembled with it.s gimbal type pipe stand 101 for sled or vehicle mounting and operation on a ski slope. As customarily practiced, compressed air G is delivered to gimbal stand 101 through hose coupling 102 and shut-off valve 103.
  • Annular nozzle 100 has a central passage 116, formed by tubular inner nozzle wall 117, and open at both ends.
  • annular nozzle components are located concentrically between inner nozzle wall 117 and inner housing wall 118, which, in turn, is encased by water jacketed housing 119 to warm the outer surface of the nozzle 100, and thereby, prevent ice or snow accumulation.
  • Fig. 2 which is an enlarged front elevation view of annular nozzle 100, -shows the location of the annular exit opening 120 through which the water, as it is being atomized, passes together with the expanding compressed air.
  • Fig. 3 which is an enlarged plan view of nozzle 100, illustrates the aspiration effect of the expanding annular mixture of air and water droplets, or spray plume F as it exits from the front of the nozzle.
  • Entrainment air E is not only drawn into the expanding plume F from around the outside of the nozzle but is also drawn in through central passage 116 from the rear of the nozzle, to mix with expanding plume F along its central axis, so as to aid in 5 diluting the spray with a minimum recirculation of aerosol, back along the nozzle axis.
  • Figs. 4 and 5 are enlarged sectional views of Figs. 3 and 2 respectively.
  • compressed air G passes from entry flange 108 into lOouter air manifold 121, through twelve ports 122 to inner air manifold 123, along converging air annulus 124, formed by outer nozzle wall member 125 and nozzle dividing wall member 126, to converging common annulus 127, formed by outer nozzle wall member 125 and inner' 5 nozzle wall member 117.
  • water L passes from entry flange 115 through five ports 128 into annular water jacket manifold.
  • outer wall member 125 and dividing wall member 126 are positioned radially by machined inner surface 143 of inner housing wall 118, and sealed by four 0-rings 144.
  • Inner nozzle wall member 117 is positioned radially by machined inner surface 145 of dividing wall member 126, and sealed by 0-ring 146.
  • Outer nozzle wall member 125 is locked in position axially by threads 147.
  • Dividing wall member 126 is attached to threaded rear ring 148 by six equally spaced screws 149 at drilled and tapped holes l5°- Rear ring 148 is positioned axially relative to inner housing wall 118 by threads 151, and relative to inner wall member 117 by threads 152.
  • Rotation of inner wall member 117, relative to rear ring 148 and inner housing wall 118 changes the axial position of inner wall member 117 relative to the position of dividing wall member 126 and outer wall member 125.
  • the relative positions of the three nozzle wall members 117, 125 and 126, are indicated externally by inner and outer adjustment lengths I and 0. Rotation of rear ring 148 is facilitated by attaching a suitable spanner wrench to six additional tapped holes 150.
  • The.- ⁇ welve tapped holes 150 are shown in rear view, Fig. 1 of nozzle 100.
  • Rotation of inner wall member 117 is accomplished by attaching a suitable spanner wrench at notches 153A or 153B.
  • gas atomization may be defined as a process involving the following steps: 1. Forming, by means of a suitable nozzle or orifice, of a liquid filament or sheet which becomes detached, i.e., unsupported by any surrounding walls, to flow at relatively low velocity, in contact with a relatively high velocity gas stream.
  • the method and means whereby independent control and variation of spray droplet size, gas consumption and liquid flow rate may be achieved with annular nozzle 100 are related to the manner of forming and varying an unsupported liquid sheet and an adjacent, atomizing gas sheet in the region of converging common annulus 127.
  • liquid sheet and gas sheet refer to the portions of the respective flowing liquid and gas streams that are thin in comparison to their lengths and widths.
  • Fig. 6 which is an—enlarged view of the portion of Fig. 5 designated as 6-6, is presented in order to illustrate the method and means of atomization control.
  • the radial inner surface 154 of dividing wall member 126 is parallel to axis 155 (location indicated in Fig. 4) of central passage 116.
  • the angles Al, A2 and A3 are the angles of convergence of surfaces 156, 157 and 158 of nozzle wall members 117, 125 and 126, respectively, relative to surface 154.
  • Angle A4 is the angle of divergence of surface 159 of outer wall member 125 relative to 5 surface 154.
  • Dimension Bl is the radius at the end of inner nozzle wall member 117, from axis 155.
  • Dimension B2 is the corresponding radius of outer wall member 125 at the intersection of angles A2 and A4.
  • Dimensions B3 and B4 are the corresponding outer and inner radii at lOthe end of dividing wall member 126.
  • Lengths Cl, C2, C3 and C4 are fixed axial nozzle dimensions, as indicated in Fig. 5.
  • the relative axial poisitions of nozzle wall members 117, 125 and 126, in the region of converging common annulus 127, are designated as the ' 5 variables H, J and K. and are related to the external adjustment lengths, I and 0. by the axial nozzle dimension Cl, C2, C3 and C4.
  • the dimension SI is the radial width of the converging water annulus 141 at the end of dividing wall member 126.
  • the dimension S2 is 0 the minimum radial width of converging air annulus 124.
  • the dimension S3 is the minimum radial width of the flowing air sheet within converging common annulus 127.
  • the atomization of liquid L in nozzle 100 occurs substantially in annular region N, of Fig. 6, starting at about the end of nozzle wall member 117 and extending downstream for a distance which varies with the liquid and gas sheet thicknesses, flow conditions and physical properties.
  • Entrainment air E enters annular- plume F from central passage 116, starting immediately upon occurrence of sufficient liquid sheet disintegration to allow penetration through the liquid stream into the expanding gas stream, and continuing down stream until the annular plume has expanded to axis 155.
  • Entrainment air E is also drawn in from around the outside of the nozzle to mix with expanding air G near the region of IQatomization.
  • entrainment air E refers to fresh air from the surrounding atmosphere, termed secondary air, that does not contain a significant amount of recirculated spray droplets.
  • secondary air fresh air from the surrounding atmosphere
  • variables H, J and K are defined by equation 1, 2 and 3 of Table I.
  • the variable H may have both positive and negative values, depending upon the values of C2, C4, I and 0, and if B2 is greater than Bl.
  • the variable J may have both positive and negative 5 values if B2 is greater than B3.
  • the primary variable affecting the degree of atomization in the typical range of operation of nozzle 100 is water sheet thickness SI, which varies with K in accordance with equation 4, and is intentionally made to be of a thickness which is of the same order of magnitude as the desired spray droplet size.
  • the quantity of water L, flowing, is determined by the water supply pressure and water sheet width SI.
  • the quantity of compressed air supplied is determined by the air pressure and the r minimum width of the air annulus, which is approximately S2 or S3, whichever is smaller.
  • the point of maximum mass flow rate of compressed air per unit cross-sectional area (maximum mass velocity) of ⁇ annular nozzle 100 occurs at about the same axial position as the point of formation of the unsupported water sheet, i.e., at S4; equations 7 and 8 apply, and the air flow rate is a function of both I and 0. If significant liquid ' ⁇ 5sheet thinning occurs within converging common annulus 127, as the result of liquid sheet acceleration or atomization from wave action at the liquid-gas interface, the actual throat may be located somewhat upstream of the end of converging common annulus 127.
  • the actual throat may also occur at a somewhat downstream position when the liquid and gas streams continue to converge as directed by the converging inner and outer nozzle wall surfaces 156 and 159 or when liquid sheet deflection starts somewhat downstream of the end of inner wall 117. Since the actual throat is of somewhat uncertain position, it is referred to as an effective throat zone, N , which o is defined as herein used as a zone in which the mass velocity of the gas stream is within 90% of maximum, or effectively at its maximum value.
  • N which o is defined as herein used as a zone in which the mass velocity of the gas stream is within 90% of maximum, or effectively at its maximum value.
  • Typical dimensions of nozzle 100, as employed in snowmaking are shown in Table II together with approximate equations for estimating the air flow rate, Q , the water velocity, V , and the water flow rate, Q , with sonic air velocity and negligible flow friction in the nozzle.
  • volumetric .flow rate of an ideal gas may be expressed by:
  • the initial velocity and flow rate of the liquid sheet may be expressed by:
  • Changing the radius Bl can be utilized to increase 5 or decrease the size of nozzle 100, and thus, its liquid capacity. As ⁇ l is decreased, however, the flow of entrainment air E through central passage 116 decreases in proportion to the square of Bl. Plugging up passage 116 increased the liquid sheet deflection in region N-, and produced poor quality (wet) snow.
  • the upper limit of nozzle size for snowmaking application is a function of the volume of ambient space receiving the large quantity of heat transferred in freezing the water, which, in turn, is limited by the wind velocity, spray trajectory (length of plume F) and the ambient temperature and humidity. As a practical limit, the size range of nozzle 100, expressed in terms of radius Bl is considered to be about 2 to 20 centimeters. 5 Figs.
  • FIG. 7 to 1.1- illustrate an annular nozzle with two conically flowing gas sheets and one conically flowing liquid sheet, as devised for atomization of viscous liquids or slurries (i.e., liquids containing suspended solids) such as in combustion of heavy oils ⁇ " ⁇ ⁇ and coal-oil mixtures, in accordance with the method of atomization control of this invention, and designated generally by numeral 200.
  • Figs. 7, 8 and 9 which are plan, rear and front, or exit, elevation views, respectively, of nozzle 200
  • compressed air G is delivered through the top of housing member 201 at threaded pipe connection 202.
  • Liquid L is delivered from a source and pressurizing means through rear wall and support member 203 at pipe tap 204A.
  • Nozzle 200 has a central passage 205, formed by inner nozzle wall member 206, through which entrainment air E is delivered, at threaded end
  • a secondary, low pressure source such as a blower
  • Fig. 10 which is a sectional view of Fig. 9, compressed air G is distributed around the 0 interior of housing member 201 by outer air manifold
  • Additional compressed air G is fed through six radial ports 216 into front, inner manifold 217, outer air feed channel 218 and outer converging air annulus 219, formed by outer dividing 5 wall member 220 and outer nozzle wall member 221 to converging common annulus 215.
  • Liquid L is fed through port 222A to liquid manifold 223, through six radial ports 224 to liquid feed channel 225 and converging liquid annulus 226, formed by inner and lOouter dividing wall members 214 and 220, to converging common annulus 215.
  • a second feed port (identical to 222A) is added, leading from liquid manifold 223 to pipe tap 204B.
  • Outer nozzle wall member 221 is connected to housing 201 by threads 227, and sealed by 0-ring 228.
  • Rear wall and support member 203 is connected to housing 201 by threads 229, and sealed by 0-ring 230.
  • Rear tubular support member 231 is connected to rear 0 wall and support member 203 by threads 232, and sealed by 0-ring 233.
  • Outer dividing wall member 220 is locked to rear wall and support member 203 by set screw 234, and sealed by 0-rings 235A and 235B.
  • Inner dividing wall member 214 is locked to rear tubular 5 support member 231 by set screw 236, and sealed by 0-rings 237A and 237B.
  • Inner nozzle wall member 206 is connected to rear tubular support member 231 by threads 238, and sealed by 0-ring 239.
  • liquid L enters converging common annulus 215 as an unsupported, conically flowing sheet of thickness S5. As it flows outward, its thickness is reduced until it emerges from the end of the nozzle, at the termination of converging common annulus 215, with a maximum sheet thickness S6.
  • Compressed air G enters converging common annulus 215 in the form of two converging air sheets of thicknesses S7 and S8, flowing adjacent to 5 and on opposite sides of the unsupported liquid sheet.
  • Inner and outer air feed channels 212 and 218 are sized so that the flow friction and pressure drops are approximately equalized.
  • Nozzle 200 is adjusted so that the two flowing air sheets enter converging lOcommon annulus 215 with sheet widths S7 and S8 approximately equal.
  • the surfaces of converging common annulus 215 converge at a small angle, A5, relative to the divergence angle, A6, of the conically flowing liquid sheet.
  • Rotation of rear wall and support member 203, relative to housing 201 varies air sheet thicknesses S7 and S9.
  • Rotation of rear tubular support member 231, relative to rear wall and support member 203 varies the thickness, S5, of the unsupported liquid sheet.
  • Rotation of inner nozzle wall member 206, relative to rear tubular support member 231, varies air sheet thicknesses S8 and S10.
  • Rotation of components 203, 206 and 231 may be accomplished by the use of spanner wrenches which engage holes 240, 241 and 242, respectively. Rotation may be facilitated by
  • the method of atomization control with conically r flowing nozzle 200 is generally similar to that of nozzle 100.
  • the initial thickness, S5 of the unsupported liquid sheet is made relatively large compared to the desired spray droplet size to permit the passage of solid particles, when they are present in the liquid.
  • coal-oil 10 mixtures, for example, solid particle sizes up to about .25cm., are anticipated.
  • viscous liquids or mixtures flowing initially (at S5) under laminar conditions the unsupported liquid sheet persists for a considerable distance before breaking up.
  • the ratio • --* of liquid sheet thicknesses, S6/S5, depends upon the ratio of nozzle radius B5, at S5, to nozzle radius B6, at S6, i.e., the amount of sheet thinning from mass conservation during conical flow, and upon the amount of liquid acceleration and break-up into droplets which occurs within converging common annulus 215 as the result of the action of the two adjacent high velocity air streams, G, and the liquid sheet instability.
  • the conical sheet flow within converging common 5 annulus 215 serves as an aid to thinning the unsupported liquid sheet prior to break-up.
  • the flow directions of the air sheets are essentially parallel to that of the liquid sheet, and the air velocity is maintained relatively high compared to that of the 0 liquid throughout the length of converging common annulus 215.
  • the length of the unsupported liquid sheet prior to break-up and the resulting droplet sizes vary with the physical properties of the liquid, the initial liquid and air sheet thicknesses, S5, S7 and S8, the liquid and air velocities, and the air pressure.
  • the length of the zone of effective maximum mass velocity, N also varies considerably, depending upon S5, S7 and S8, and the length of the region of atomization N- ⁇ .
  • Atomization may start upstream of zone N and 10 8 continue somewhat beyond it.
  • the approximate ranges of variation of N g and Nj are indicated in Fig. 11.
  • the occurrence of droplet impingement on the walls of converging common annulus 215 will result in liquid sheet flow along the walls and reato ization ' 5 from unsupported liquid formation at the end of annulus 215.
  • the length of converging common annulus 215 is selected so that the atomization with viscous fluids occurs substantially in zone Ng-
  • Figs. 12 through 21 illustrate a nozzle with a linearly elongated configuration, two planar liquid sheets and one planar gas sheet, as devised for spray cooling of power plant condenser water in accordance with the method of atomization control of this invention, and designated generally by numeral 300.
  • Fig. 12 shows a side elevation view of an assembly of four linear nozzles, designated individually as 300A, 25 300B, 300C and 300D, as typically installed to cool the warmed condenser water effluent L by spraying upwards over a river, ocean or other body of water W froUfwhich the cooling water is drawn into the power plant.
  • Compressed air G is delivered to nozzle 300 0 through a submerged air main 301, from which is tapped a vertical standpipe assembly 302.
  • Effluent L is delivered directly from the power plant to nozzle 300 through a submerged water main 303 into a vertical standpipe assembly 304.
  • Additional standpipe assemblies, 302 and 304, are tapped at suitable intervals along delivery mains 301 and 303 to supply 5 additional nozzle. 300 assemblies, as required to meet the power plant capacity.
  • Figs. 13 through 17 show the external features of nozzle 300.
  • Figs. 13 and 14 are plan and elevation views, respectively, of nozzle 300, as shown in Fig. 1012, but enlarged four times.
  • Nozzle 300 includes an outer pipe wall 305 with a welding neck flange 306 at each end, plus a face plate 307 welded in place of a portion of outer pipe wall 305 and welding necks of flanges 306.
  • Face plate 307 contains opening 308, 15which terminates at its exterior surface in the form of a slit of length XI in a longitudinal direction, referred to herein as the X axis of nozzle 300, and width Sll in a direction perpendicular to the X axis and perpendicular to the upward spray direction, 20 referred to herein as the Z axis of nozzle 300.
  • nozzle 300 Attached to each end of nozzle 300 is a closure plate 309, of which there are four variations, designed individually as 309A, 309B, 309C and 309D.
  • Nozzle 300A includes closure plates 309A and 309B. Nozzles
  • 300B and 300C include closure plates 309B and 309C.
  • Nozzle 300D includes closure plates 309C and 309D.
  • Fig. 15 is an end view of nozzle 300A looking from the flanged junction with compressed air standpipe 302, showing closure plate 309A, which has a single central 0 opening 310 for passage of compressed air G.
  • Fig. 16 is an end view of the opposite end of nozzle 300A, showing closure plate 309B, which includes, in addition to central opening 310, a multiplicity of openings 311 for passage of effluent L annularly to 5 central opening 310.
  • Closure plate 309C is similar to 309B in that it includes openings 310 and 311.
  • Fig. 17 is an end view of nozzle 300D looking from the flanged junction with effluent standpipe 304, showing closure plate 309D, which includes openings 311, but does not include 5 central opening.310.
  • Figs. 18 through 21 show the internal construction of nozzle 300.
  • Fig. 18 is a sectional view of the portion of nozzle 300 designated as 18-18 in Figs. 13 and 16, enlarged eight times.
  • the end portion of the adjoining nozzle 300 is included in Fig. 18.
  • Fig. 19 is section 19-19 of Fig. 14, enlarged four times.
  • Fig. 20 shows the portion of Fig. 19 designated as o '
  • FIG. 15 shows the portion of Fig. 20 designated as 21-21, enlarged ten times.
  • openings 310 lead to central passage 312 running axially through nozzle 300 and enclosed by cylindrical
  • Divider wall plates 320 extend the full length of manifold 315 in the X direction, and are mounted with screws 321 as cantilevers on the external faces, 322, of air manifold 315. Faces 322 are each parallel to the X axis and tapered at an angle A7 relative to the radial air flow direction, herein termed the Y axis of nozzle 300. Face plate opening 308 is trapazoidal in cross section in the Y-Z plane with 5 conically shaped -ends. The two plane surfaces 323 of opening 308 each form an angle A8 relative to the Y axis. Face plate 307 is of thickness and width sufficient to preclude significant deformation of slit width Sll under the internal pressures during lOoperation.
  • Each divider wall plate 320 extends in cantilever fashion into opening 308 for a distance Yl, terminating at a relatively small distance Y2 upstream, relative to the external surface of face plate 307, and has a thickness T2, except at its 5 cantilevered end, which is beveled at an angle A9 to an edge thickness T3.
  • Divider wall plates 320 are also beveled at their longitudinal ends to conform approximately to the conical end surfaces of opening 308, and provide a minimum clearance X2. 0 Openings 311 lead to an annular feed passage 324 formed by outer pipe wall 305 and inner pipe wall 313. Effluent L flows from annular feed passage 324 into two converging wall channels 325, formed within opening 308 by divider wall plates 320 and surfaces 5 323.
  • Length Y2 forms a converging common channel 326 for liquid and gas she ⁇ et flow to exit of opening 308 at slit width Sll, where two unsupported liquid sheets of length XI and approximate thickness SI2 are formed adjacent to a centrally located air sheet of approximate thickness S13 in zone N the zone of maximum air flow per unit cross-sectional area.
  • Entrainment air E is drawn into expanding plume F at N, , the region of atomization at end of opening 308.
  • the assembly of inner components consisting of inner pipe 313, manifold 315 and divider wall plates 320, is positioned and secured to face plate 307 by two end tabs 327 and screws 328.
  • Closure plates 309 together with 0-rings 329, 330, 331, and 332, serve to seal air and effluent channels 312 and 324 against leakage. They are positioned by pins 333 and secured to flanges 306 by screws 334. 0-rings 330 and 332 are omitted with closure plate 309C, and O-ring 330 is omitted with closure plates 309A and 309D. Nozzles 300 and standpipes 302 and 304 are assembled with flange bolts 335.
  • the cantilever divider wall plates 320 deflect by an amount, d, to increase the thicknesses, S12, of the two unsupported water sheets, and to decrease the minimum thickness, S13 of the air sheet,.
  • d the thickness of the thickness S12 is intentionally made to be of the same order of magnitude as the desired spray droplet size.
  • the water flow rate, and the minimum air sheet thickness, S13 do not vary independently of the liquid sheet thickness, S12.
  • nozzles 100, 200 and 300, 5 as compared to other gas atomizing nozzles in which fixed openings are employed, is that mechanical movement of the converging wall components: 117, 126, 206, 214, 220 and 320 may be employed to permit the passage and elimination of solid foreign particles lOcarried in the liquid or gas streams.

Abstract

Procédé de commande d'atomisation et ajutages d'atomisation de gaz correspondants permettant de varier le degré d'atomisation, les débits du liquide et du gaz et la dilution atmosphérique de la substance vaporisée. Lorsque l'épaisseur du liquide coulant (L) et des couches de gaz adjacentes (G) devant être vaporisé varie, la grandeur des gouttes et la dilution atmosphérique de la substance vaporisée varie également. La dimension transversale des couches peut être modifiée pour changer la capacité de l'ajutage. Des couches annulaires et linéaires qui forment des ajutages (100), (200) et (300) sont décrites. L'on décrit également des ajutages ayant des cloisons souples (320), l'épaisseur des couches d'écoulement pouvant être variée par la modification des pressions relatives d'écoulement.
PCT/US1982/000174 1982-02-09 1982-02-09 Atomisation variable de gaz WO1983002736A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/US1982/000174 WO1983002736A1 (fr) 1982-02-09 1982-02-09 Atomisation variable de gaz
BR8208059A BR8208059A (pt) 1982-02-09 1982-02-09 Atomizacao de gas variavel
AU82721/82A AU552207B2 (en) 1982-02-09 1982-02-09 Variable gas atomization
FI833650A FI833650A (fi) 1982-02-09 1983-10-07 Reglerbar finfoerdelning av gas
DK462283A DK462283A (da) 1982-02-09 1983-10-07 Gasforstoevningsdyse samt fremgangsmaade til regulering af dens forstoevningsgrad og sproejteomraade
NO833666A NO833666L (no) 1982-02-09 1983-10-07 Variabel gassforstoevning

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

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PCT/US1982/000174 WO1983002736A1 (fr) 1982-02-09 1982-02-09 Atomisation variable de gaz

Publications (1)

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WO1983002736A1 true WO1983002736A1 (fr) 1983-08-18

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AU (1) AU552207B2 (fr)
BR (1) BR8208059A (fr)
DK (1) DK462283A (fr)
FI (1) FI833650A (fr)
NO (1) NO833666L (fr)
WO (1) WO1983002736A1 (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0914870A1 (fr) * 1997-11-06 1999-05-12 Herbert Hüttlin Buse de pulvérisation à multiples substances avec orifices concentriques
DE102021128338A1 (de) 2021-10-29 2023-05-04 Romaco Innojet Gmbh Zerstäubungsdüse

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AU666456B3 (en) * 1995-01-31 1996-02-08 David Nathan Nozzle assembly

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2259011A (en) * 1939-05-24 1941-10-14 William F Doyle Atomizer for liquid fuels
US3912164A (en) * 1971-01-11 1975-10-14 Parker Hannifin Corp Method of liquid fuel injection, and to air blast atomizers
DE2705706A1 (de) * 1977-02-11 1978-08-24 Hans Behr Rund- oder ringstrahlduese zum erzeugen und abstrahlen eines nebels oder aerosols
US4314670A (en) * 1980-08-15 1982-02-09 Walsh William A Jun Variable gas atomization

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2259011A (en) * 1939-05-24 1941-10-14 William F Doyle Atomizer for liquid fuels
US3912164A (en) * 1971-01-11 1975-10-14 Parker Hannifin Corp Method of liquid fuel injection, and to air blast atomizers
DE2705706A1 (de) * 1977-02-11 1978-08-24 Hans Behr Rund- oder ringstrahlduese zum erzeugen und abstrahlen eines nebels oder aerosols
US4314670A (en) * 1980-08-15 1982-02-09 Walsh William A Jun Variable gas atomization

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0914870A1 (fr) * 1997-11-06 1999-05-12 Herbert Hüttlin Buse de pulvérisation à multiples substances avec orifices concentriques
DE102021128338A1 (de) 2021-10-29 2023-05-04 Romaco Innojet Gmbh Zerstäubungsdüse

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DK462283D0 (da) 1983-10-07
AU552207B2 (en) 1986-05-22
FI833650A0 (fi) 1983-10-07
NO833666L (no) 1983-10-07
FI833650A (fi) 1983-10-07
BR8208059A (pt) 1984-01-10
DK462283A (da) 1983-10-07
AU8272182A (en) 1983-08-25

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