WO1983001094A1 - Moulin a vent pourvu d'un organe de commande automatique de l'angle d'attaque - Google Patents

Moulin a vent pourvu d'un organe de commande automatique de l'angle d'attaque Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1983001094A1
WO1983001094A1 PCT/DK1982/000084 DK8200084W WO8301094A1 WO 1983001094 A1 WO1983001094 A1 WO 1983001094A1 DK 8200084 W DK8200084 W DK 8200084W WO 8301094 A1 WO8301094 A1 WO 8301094A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
wing
pitch
rotation
hub
wings
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/DK1982/000084
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Hans Joergen Lundgaard Laursen
Original Assignee
LAURSEN, Hans, Jorgen, Lundgaard
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by LAURSEN, Hans, Jorgen, Lundgaard filed Critical LAURSEN, Hans, Jorgen, Lundgaard
Publication of WO1983001094A1 publication Critical patent/WO1983001094A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D7/00—Controlling wind motors 
    • F03D7/02—Controlling wind motors  the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor
    • F03D7/022—Adjusting aerodynamic properties of the blades
    • F03D7/0224—Adjusting blade pitch
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2260/00—Function
    • F05B2260/70—Adjusting of angle of incidence or attack of rotating blades
    • F05B2260/74—Adjusting of angle of incidence or attack of rotating blades by turning around an axis perpendicular the rotor centre line
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2260/00—Function
    • F05B2260/70—Adjusting of angle of incidence or attack of rotating blades
    • F05B2260/76—Adjusting of angle of incidence or attack of rotating blades the adjusting mechanism using auxiliary power sources
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2260/00—Function
    • F05B2260/70—Adjusting of angle of incidence or attack of rotating blades
    • F05B2260/77—Adjusting of angle of incidence or attack of rotating blades the adjusting mechanism driven or triggered by centrifugal forces
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2260/00—Function
    • F05B2260/70—Adjusting of angle of incidence or attack of rotating blades
    • F05B2260/79—Bearing, support or actuation arrangements therefor
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a windmill having wings, which are, during their operation, adjustable relative the wing hub for adaption of the wing position according to various operational conditions.
  • pitch is the so-called pitch
  • Both of these situations are easy to registrate by suitable servo mechanisms.
  • the invention provides a wind mill, in which the pitch adjustment of the wing is effected in a both simple and efficient manner.
  • the invention builds on the basic idea that the wing itself will be an excellent sensor, when the single wing blades or at least one of them are mounted so as to be rearwardly yieldable relative the wing hub, in the direction of the wind, and so as to produce the desired pitch reduction by virtue of this yielding or pivoting movement through a suitable mechanical control connection with the hub, whereby such a mechanical or direct connection may be provided in a simple manner.
  • any separate sensor plate for the wind pressure i.e. the wing system as a whole may show an optimal aerodynamic form under all operational conditions.
  • the-mill according to the invention may hereby show a pitch of the wings as suitable for the moment of resistance at which the wing is driven. If the wing is easy-running it may, as mentioned, be desirable to reduce the pitch of the wing blades according to the speed of the wing, and for conditioning a simple and robust design it will here be attractive to utilize the centrifugal forces to effect the control.
  • the invention aims at a highly improved utilization of these forces for the said control as compared with the said known arrangement, and this is achieved with the use of a preferably mechanical servo system operated by a power derived from the rotary movement of the wing system relative the stationary surroundings, while the servo system is actuated in response to the speed of rotation, preferably by means of a weight body as influenced by the centrifugal force and connected with a coupling device for forcing a pitch control driving wheel against a circular driving path on the stationary wing bearing.
  • the invention makes use of two different control systems for the pitch adjustment, " actuated by the rearward “rocking” of the wings by sudden gusts and by the very speed of rotation of the wing system, - respectively.
  • these control systems may be partly integrated in that the single wing, adjacent its root " , may have a fixed point located radial ⁇ ly spaced from the axis of rotation of the wing blade itself and spaced from the crosswise oriented "rocking axis" of the wing, whereby a rocking of the wing will
  • 0?PL_. automatically produce a pitch adjusting rotation of the wing, while the location of the said fixed point can be adjustable depending of the operation of the said servo mechanism, whereby a change ' of location of the fixed point relative the axis of rotation of the wing blade itself will result in a pitch changing rotation of the wing blade.
  • Fig. 1 is a top view of a wind mill according to the invention
  • Fig. 2 is a perspective view of one of the mill wings, seen from inside the wing hub
  • Fig. 3 is a perspective view of the wing hub
  • Fig-.. 4 is a front view of a modified wing hub.
  • the mill shown in Fig-. 1 comprises a mill housing 2 carried by a mast (not shown) and carrying a mill shaft 4, which is provided with a wing hub 6 for a number of wing blades 8; in Fig. 1 four such blades are ' - indicated, while only two are indicated in Figs., 2-4.
  • Each wing blade has a wing spindle 10 which is secured in a rotatable and non-displaceable manner in a wing bushing 12, whic "is itself pivotally suspended in a holding frame 14, mounted rigidly on the hub 6, by means of a pair of cardan pins 16, the common axes of which extend tangentially to the hub periphery, whereby the bushing 12 and therewith the wing 8 is ti ⁇ table in the axial plane of the mill through the concerned wing spindle 10, as indicated in dotted lines in Fig. 1.
  • the wing is not freely pivoted, inasfar there is provided, at a point of the end surface of the wing spindle 10, a pin 18 which is secured to an eye member of a rod 20, which can so far be presumed to be a fixed rod, whereby the pin 18 cannot be moved in the direction of the rod 20 by some tilting force applied to the wing bushing 12.
  • the pin 18 is provided excentrically on the end surface of the wing spindle 10, and the rod 20 is somewhat laterally displaceable, whereby a pivoting of the wing bushing 12 about the pins 16 is not prevented, but will result in the wing spindle 10 being rotated in the bushing 12 corresponding to the relative displacement of the "fixed" pin 18. This, in turn, will result in a corresponding pitch adjusting rotation of the wing blade 8.
  • the centrifugal forces on the wings will seek to hold the wings projecting perpendicularly from the mill shaft 4, while the wind pressure will seek to pivot the wings rearwardly.
  • the system is so adapted that the pitch of the wings will be reduced the more they are rearwardly pivoted, but under stable wind conditions the centrifugal forces will generally hold the wings perpendicular to the mill shaft.
  • the mill will be influenced to accelerate with a certain inertia, and in the meantime the wings could get overloaded; the described system, however, provides for security against such overload in that the gust will cause an immediate rearward pivoting of the wing blade and a directly associated rotation of the wing towards a reduced pitch, which will weaken the effect of the gust on the wing.
  • the illustrated wing bearing arrangement is well suited for use in an additional adjustment mechanism, because a compulsory axial displacement of the rod 20 will result in a rotation of the wing spindle 10 and therewith in a pitch adjustment of the wing.
  • an adjustment to changed operational conditions may be effected, whereby the centrifugal forces will still hold the wings projecting perpendicularly from the mill shaft, such that a change of position of the pin 18 will result in a pitch change and not in a permanent forward, or rearward pivoting of the wing.
  • Even in its changed pitch position therefore, the wing will still be protected against overloading due to gusts in the arrangement so far described, when care is taken that the pin 18 be stationarily fixed in its new position.
  • FIG. 3 Such an arrangement is shown in Fig. 3, in which the holding frames 1 of the wing blades are shown as consisting of opposed end portions of a through-going square tube 22 secured to the mill shaft 4 and constitut-
  • the above mentioned holding rod 20 of the pin 18 on the wing spindle 10 is shown as projecting through a hole in the side of the square tube 22 at the respective opposite ends thereof.
  • Each of the rods 20 is connected with an angular lever 24 as pivotally mounted on the tube 22 and operable to transfer to the rod 20 a thrust or pull action by the influence from a rod 26, which is pivotally connected with the opposite end of the angular lever 24 and extends substantially parallelly with the square tube 22 inwardly towards a rotational fastening on a radial arm 28, which projects from a rotary cup member 30 as mounted on the square tube 22 centrally outside the end of the mill shaft 4.
  • the rotary cup 30, which is rotat- able relative the square tube 22, is provided with a radial arm 32 connected via a rod 34 with a telescopic screw spindle mechanism 36, which is at one end secured to the square tube by means of a console 38.
  • This console acts as a rotation bearing for a shaft 40, which extends perpendicularly towards the end surface of the •.. mill housing 2 and is rearwise in a wormlike driving engagement with the spindle mechanism 36.
  • the shaft 40 At its end facing the mill housing 2 the shaft 40 is provided with a friction roller 42, which during the rotation of the wing system will run in or along the circular space between to rigid circular ribs 44 and 46 as protruding from the end surface of the mill housing 2.
  • a tilt link 48 In the shaft 40 is inserted a tilt link 48 allowing for the outer end of the shaft as provided with the roller 42 to pivot slightly outwardly and inwardly in the radial direction of the wing hub under retainment of the rotary connection with the telescopic spindle 36.
  • the pivotable end of the shaft 40 is guided in a slide guide 50, which extends in the said radial direction and is connected with a spring housing 52 containing a compression spring seeking to hold the shaft 40 swung inwardly.
  • a corresponding connection may advantageously be. established between the wing bushings 12, such that the pivoting of these bushings about the cardan pins 16 will take place in a coordinated manner for maintaining the balance of the system.
  • each " bushing 12 is provided with a radial arm 54 adjacent the outer end of the bushing, this arm extending parallel with the mill shaft 4 past the end edge of the hub tube 22 and by means of a connector rod 56 being connected with a radial arm 58 on an additional, individually rotatable hub cup or disc 60, the two wing bushings being connected thereto in a symmetrical manner.
  • the roller 42 When by decreasing wind the mill slows down and perhaps finally stops, the roller 42 will be in engagement with the innermost rib 44, and it will thus seek to increase the wing pitch as far as possible, until the wings abut some suitable adjustment stop.
  • the pitch adjusting mechanism or one of the wing spindles can be connected with a movable abutment, which, at the end of the pitch increasing adjustment, is moved to force the roller shaft 40 outwardly to thereby lift the roller 48 out of engagement with the rib 44.
  • the power for operating the servo mechanism of the pitch adjusting system is derivedpractically directly from the wind power, as the entire mechanism is mounted stationarily on the rotating wing system and is in driving connection with a system, viz. the fixed mill housing, which in wind manifests itself as rotating relative the servo mechanism.
  • a system viz. the fixed mill housing, which in wind manifests itself as rotating relative the servo mechanism.
  • an auxiliary wing system which rotates independently about the mill shaft with a velocity different from that of the main wing system or opposite thereto, whereby the servo control power is derivable from the auxiliary- wing system.
  • the very power transfer to the adjustment mechanism may take place otherwise than by a rolling engagement between a single roller and two ribs.
  • the system may comprise a permanent driving engagement, whereby a coupling and reversing device as controlled by the ' centrifugal forces may be arranged in the connection to the wings.
  • the drive co ' nnection may even comprise hydraulic elements.

Abstract

Afin de régler l'angle d'attaque des pales d'un moulin à vent en fonction du vent et afin de stabiliser la rotation des pales aussi bien par un vent soufflant en rafale qu'en cas de variations générales de la pression du vent, les pales sont montées sur les arbres de pales (10) maintenues de manière rotative dans des manchons de pales (12) sur le moyeu de pales (4), ces manchons (12) étant montés de manière pivotante autour d'un axe (16) tangentiel au chemin de rotation du moyen (4), de manière que la pale simple (8) peut fléchir vers l'arrière sous l'action de rafales soudaines, ce qui provoque un léger déplacement vers l'avant de l'extrémité de l'arbre de pales (10). A l'extrémité de l'arbre (10) est monté de manière excentrique un goujon (18), qui est fixe par rapport au moyen (4), de sorte que le mouvement vers l'avant de l'extrémité de l'arbre se traduit par une rotation de l'arbre (10) et donc par un réglage approprié de l'angle d'attaque des pales en cas de rafale. En cas de vent soufflant avec une force croissante un angle d'attaque constamment réduit permet de stabiliser la vitesse du rotor à pales, et cet effet est obtenu en réglant la position du gonjon excentrique (18) au moins d'un mécanisme d'asservissement comprenant un rouleau (42) qui est soumis à la force centrifuge de manière à réagir à un accroissement de la vitesse du rotor en s'appuyant contre une partie de paroi de roulement anulaire (46) sur le boîtier du moulin (2), ce qui permet d'utiliser la rotation de ce même rouleau (42) pour effectuer le déplacement requis du goujon excentrique (18) pour un réglage approprié de l'angle d'attaque des pales.
PCT/DK1982/000084 1981-09-16 1982-09-16 Moulin a vent pourvu d'un organe de commande automatique de l'angle d'attaque WO1983001094A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DK4115/81810916 1981-09-16
DK411581A DK411581A (da) 1981-09-16 1981-09-16 Vindmoelle med en automatisk kantstillingsmekanisme for vingerne

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1983001094A1 true WO1983001094A1 (fr) 1983-03-31

Family

ID=8130349

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/DK1982/000084 WO1983001094A1 (fr) 1981-09-16 1982-09-16 Moulin a vent pourvu d'un organe de commande automatique de l'angle d'attaque

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0088778A1 (fr)
DK (1) DK411581A (fr)
WO (1) WO1983001094A1 (fr)

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE435889C (de) * 1925-10-06 1926-10-19 Paul Von Gruchala Wensierski Vorrichtung zum Regeln von Windraedern
FR886632A (fr) * 1942-10-08 1943-10-20 Cem Comp Electro Mec Perfectionnements aux aéromoteurs
FR908631A (fr) * 1944-08-01 1946-04-15 Perfectionnements aux aéro-moteurs
DE805388C (de) * 1948-10-02 1951-05-17 Karl Sauer Vorrichtung zur selbsttaetigen Verstellung von Fluegeln fuer Windkraftmaschinen

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE435889C (de) * 1925-10-06 1926-10-19 Paul Von Gruchala Wensierski Vorrichtung zum Regeln von Windraedern
FR886632A (fr) * 1942-10-08 1943-10-20 Cem Comp Electro Mec Perfectionnements aux aéromoteurs
FR908631A (fr) * 1944-08-01 1946-04-15 Perfectionnements aux aéro-moteurs
DE805388C (de) * 1948-10-02 1951-05-17 Karl Sauer Vorrichtung zur selbsttaetigen Verstellung von Fluegeln fuer Windkraftmaschinen

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DK411581A (da) 1983-03-17
EP0088778A1 (fr) 1983-09-21

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