WO1983000817A1 - Improved apparatus intended for the washing and granulometric separation of suspended solid materials - Google Patents

Improved apparatus intended for the washing and granulometric separation of suspended solid materials Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1983000817A1
WO1983000817A1 PCT/FR1982/000141 FR8200141W WO8300817A1 WO 1983000817 A1 WO1983000817 A1 WO 1983000817A1 FR 8200141 W FR8200141 W FR 8200141W WO 8300817 A1 WO8300817 A1 WO 8300817A1
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Prior art keywords
column
liquid
improved apparatus
solid materials
washing
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PCT/FR1982/000141
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French (fr)
Inventor
Pechiney Aluminium
Original Assignee
Entat, Marcel
Lepetit, Jean
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Entat, Marcel, Lepetit, Jean filed Critical Entat, Marcel
Priority to BR8207816A priority Critical patent/BR8207816A/en
Publication of WO1983000817A1 publication Critical patent/WO1983000817A1/en
Priority to DK1898/83A priority patent/DK189883D0/en

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03B—SEPARATING SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS
    • B03B5/00—Washing granular, powdered or lumpy materials; Wet separating
    • B03B5/62—Washing granular, powdered or lumpy materials; Wet separating by hydraulic classifiers, e.g. of launder, tank, spiral or helical chute concentrator type
    • B03B5/623—Upward current classifiers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D11/00—Solvent extraction
    • B01D11/02—Solvent extraction of solids
    • B01D11/0261—Solvent extraction of solids comprising vibrating mechanisms, e.g. mechanical, acoustical

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a new apparatus intended for washing solid materials suspended in a liquid phase to remove the solubilized materials and / or intended for carrying out a precise particle size separation of said materials, said apparatus being in the form of '' a pulsating liquid treatment column fitted with perforated trays.
  • French patent n ° 1,281,826 describes a pulsating liquid colone making it possible to continuously wash an aqueous suspension of solid materials, in which the liquid phase is an aqueous liquor containing solution of solubilized materials, during the attack on an ore for example, liquor which must be replaced, during the washing operation, by the water introduced for this purpose.
  • the apparatus making it possible to carry out such a washing operation, and which can allow the settling of an ore, suspended in a liquid phase, is formed of a vertical column, inside which are disposed perforated plates, or other obstacles, extending horizontally across the column, and spaced vertically with respect to each other, means for introducing solids or a suspension at one end of said column, and d other means for introducing a treatment liquid into said column in the vicinity of the other end, means making it possible to extract a liquid phase or a suspension of the first end mentioned, as well as means for extracting solids suspended in the treatment liquid by the other end, finally, means for creating a pulsation in the contents of the column so as to force the solid materials and the liquid phase to pass through the perforations of the plates extending horizontally across the column.
  • the improved apparatus intended to allow washing operations of solid materials suspended in a liquid phase to remove the solubilized materials and / or perform precise particle size separations of solid materials suspended in said phase, consists of a vertical column in which horizontal perforated trays are placed, means for supplying suspension to be treated and for extracting the treated suspension and in treatment liquid, as well as a pulsating device, is characterized in that that, for a column comprising N perforated trays actually implanted, each having an area S, a perforation coefficient p, ratio between the total area of the perforations and the area of said tray, the pulsating device delivering the sum V of the volumes transferred alternately to the up and down per unit of time, the liquid used for washing or separation particle size having a density dn, while the liquid leaving by overflow has a density do and the solid materials in suspension have a density ds, g being the acceleration of gravity, we choose a diameter 0 of the perforations and an average distance 1 between these perforations in
  • the improved apparatus comprises a vertical treatment column, intended to allow very intimate contact between solid materials moving from the top to the bottom of said column, and a liquid treatment phase.
  • the solid materials to be treated are generally introduced in the form of an aqueous and / or organic suspension in which materials can be in solution, while the liquid treatment phase can be water, an aqueous solution and / or a liquid of organic origin, optionally in the form of a mixture or emulsion.
  • the vertical treatment column can be cylindrical over its entire height.
  • the zone of said column containing the plates is preferably of hyperbolic form, or constituted by the combination of cylinders and / or truncated cones enveloping a theoretical hyperbola. This theoretical hyperbola is such that, V being the kinematic viscosity of the liquid phase at the level of a plate having the surface S, there is over the entire height of said zone the constant S / v ratio.
  • the vertical column consists, in its upper part of a cylindrical collection zone, in its middle part, of a cylindrical zone of sufficient height to receive the N plates and of diameter less than or equal to that of the upper cylindrical zone, the upper and middle zones being connected together by an inverted truncated cone whose large base is integral with the upper cylindrical zone, finally, in its lower part, a conical zone whose base is connected to the cylindrical middle zone.
  • the vertical column comprises, in its upper part, a cylindrical collecting zone, in its middle part, a hyperbolic zone of reverse revolution, the large base of which is connected to the prior cylindrical zone and, the small base of which , facing downwards, is extended by a cylindrical zone forming the lower part of said column which ends with an inverted cone of revolution.
  • the vertical column is also provided in its upper part with a cylindrical zone, in its middle part, with an inverted truncated cone whose large base is integral with the upper cylindrical zone and of the same diameter, and the small base of which is located towards the bottom of the said column, finally, in its lower part, a cylindrical zone whose diameter is identical to that of the small base of the aforementioned truncated cone, which is extended by a cone of revolution whose base is connected to the lower cylindrical zone.
  • the vertical column is constituted, in the upper, middle and lower parts, by successive cylindrical zones of decreasing diameters, each zone being connected to the previous one by planar junction rings, or trunks of cones inverted, the lower cylindrical zone extending downwards by an inverted cone of revolution.
  • This treatment area is provided with perforated trays placed horizontally and equidistant from each other.
  • Said perforated trays can also form groups each comprising one or more equidistant trays, the distance existing between each group being generally greater than that existing between the trays.
  • One of the ends of the column is equipped with means allowing the introduction of the suspension to be washed and / or elutrier, and means for discharging the liquid phase loaded with solubilized materials and / or elutrious materials, while the other end of said column is equipped with means for extracting the washed and / or sorted solid materials and with means for introducing the liquid washing and / or elutriation phase.
  • a pulsating device placed on the lower cylindrical zone of said column is a pulsating device intended to create in the enclosure a movement of raising and lowering of the suspension through the perforated plates placed in the treatment zone.
  • a coefficient K 2 defined by the relation: (2) in which V is the kinematic viscosity of the liquor at the level of a surface tray S, of perforation diameter 0 and of perforation coefficient p, the coefficient K 2 must be associated with the above-mentioned coefficient K 1 , this coefficient K 2 having a value at least equal to 100, and preferably between 300 and 5000.
  • the Applicant has been led to observe experimentally that the perforation coefficient p, ratio between the total area of the perforations of a tray and the area of this tray, must be between the limits 0.001 and 0.25, and preferably between 0.005 and 0.1.
  • the decantation surface S also known as the surface of the plate, is defined according to the conventional and well known rules of decantation to ensure a desired production tonnage.
  • the volume V transferred alternately up and down the vertical column per unit of time is fixed at a value at least equal to the volume necessary to effect the transfer of the suspended solids from one stage to the other , and on the basis of a given hourly output.
  • This volume V is moved in a discontinuous and pulsating manner by the bottom of the column by virtue of the presence of means provided for ensuring said pulsation, so that the washing liquid is evacuated in part with the suspension washed and extracted while the other part rises to the top of the column from which it emerges by overflow with the feed liquid and with almost all of the materials in solution.
  • the Applicant has found that the effectiveness of the treatment is all the better when the instantaneous flow of suspension produced by the pulsations in each direction approaches a continuous flow during each fraction of the cycle, that is to say during each forced displacement of said suspension up and down.
  • the number N of trays actually implanted is always less than twice the number n of trays theoretically necessary in the vertical column.
  • the diameter ⁇ of the perforations in each tray is, in general, greater than six times the diameter of the largest particles present in the suspension to be treated, and the distance between two trays must be at least equal to the average distance 1 between the perforations.
  • the vertical treatment column intended for washing and the selective particle size separation of solid materials in suspension, comprises a central cylindrical treatment zone (1) surmounted by an upper cylindrical zone (2) provided with a overflow (3), the middle (1) and upper (2) zones being connected together by the inverted frustoconical surface (4), then a lower cylindrical zone (5) extending by a conical surface of revolution (8).
  • the treatment liquid enters the lower cylindrical zone (5) via the pipe (7) under the action, for example, of a pump (not shown).
  • the N trays (16) are provided with perforations (17) distant from each other of an average length 1.
  • the median treatment zone (1) of appreciable vertical extent , is intended to allow a very intimate contact between the liquid phases to be treated and treatment and the solid phase of materials to the elutrier.
  • the suspension in a liquid phase of the solid materials to be treated being introduced by the pipe (10), a mechanical pulsation means (6), placed in the lower cylindrical zone (5) of the column ensures the up-and-down movement of the material contained in said column.
  • a fraction of the treatment liquid introduced by the pipe (7) moves from the bottom to the top of the column by coming into intimate contact with the solid materials under treatment, by virtue of a circulation against the current with respect to said materials. This fraction of the treatment liquid is then discharged through the overflow
  • the median treatment zone is a hyperbolic surface of revolution (12) in the case of FIG. 2, the small section of which faces downwards, while in the case of FIG. 3, this median zone treatment consists of an inverted frustoconical surface (13), and that, in the case of FIG. 4, said median treatment zone is formed of successive cylindrical zones (14) of decreasing diameter from the top to the bottom of said column , each cylindrical zone being connected to the next by an inverted frustoconical surface (15).
  • each treatment stage defined by the interval between two plates constitutes a water separator supplied by the association of the suspension flow rates.
  • this stage produces a suspension of granular solid materials when the pulsation propagates towards the bottom of the column, and a suspension of fine solid materials when the pulsation propagates towards the top of said column.
  • the solid materials arriving at the underflow (9) of the column are therefore passed successively through a series of hydroseparators in which they have been resuspended and redecanted and consequently, are increasingly depleted in fine solid materials.
  • the apparatus according to the invention proves to be very effective, not only for washing a suspension of a solid material in a liquid phase, but also for carrying out very precise particle size separations of the solid materials according to two classes. , one fine leaving with the overflow, the other grainy being extracted by the base of the column.
  • This example illustrates an attempted washing and classification of alumina trihydrate, suspended in a sodium liquor of density 1.28, at a temperature of 54 ° C., with an average particle size of 60-65 ⁇ , by means of a pilot column carried out according to the data of the prior art.
  • This third zone was extended by a cylindrical part of the same diameter and height 0.5 m, which was. equipped with a pneumatic blower and an inlet pipe for washing water.
  • This third zone ended with a cone opening onto the underflow opening.
  • the column was fed by the first cylindrical zone by means of 7.1 m 3 / h of an aqueous suspension containing 5 tonnes of alumina trihydra te.
  • This example illustrates the improved apparatus according to the invention with which a washing and classification of alumina trihydrate suspended in a sodium liquor of density 1.09, at the temperature of 52 ° C., of average particle size 60- were carried out. 65 ⁇ , by means of a pilot column produced according to the data of the invention.
  • Said column was of a cylindro-conical type, with a total height of 4 meters, comprising from top to bottom:
  • This third zone was extended by a cylindrical part of the same diameter and height 0.5 m, which was equipped with a pneumatic thruster and an inlet pipe for the washing water. This third zone ended with a cone opening onto the underflow opening.
  • the column was supplied by the first cylindrical zone using 11.3 m 3 / h of an aqueous suspension containing 6 tonnes of alumina trihydrate.
  • the efficiency of the classification was defined by the method of the "partition curve" which gave a d 50 , diameter of particles having a probability 0.5 to exit in underflow, equal to 73 microns, and an imperfection of partition curve ("imperfection. Index)
  • This example illustrates the improved apparatus according to the invention with which a washing and classification of alumina trihydrate suspended in a sodium liquor of density 1.09 at the temperature of 52 ° C, of average particle size 60-65 were carried out.
  • ⁇ by means of a pilot column produced according to the data of the invention.
  • the column was supplied by the first cylindrical zone using 11 m 3 / h of an aqueous suspension containing 5.8 tonnes of alumina trihydrate.
  • the suspension was extracted from the column 2.4 m 3 / h from a suspension containing 2 tonnes of solids by the underflow.
  • the classification of the alumina hydrate grains was carried out.
  • the effectiveness of the classification was defined by the "partition curve” method which gave a d 50 , particle diameter having a probability 0.5 of going out under, equal to 75 microns, and an imperfection in the partition curve. (“imperfection Index”)

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Devices And Processes Conducted In The Presence Of Fluids And Solid Particles (AREA)
  • Extraction Or Liquid Replacement (AREA)
  • Separation Of Solids By Using Liquids Or Pneumatic Power (AREA)
  • Paper (AREA)

Abstract

Improved apparatus intended to allow the operations of washing of suspended solid materials in a liquid phase for removing therefrom solubilized materials and/or effecting accurate granulometric separations of solid materials suspended within said phase, said apparatus comprising a vertical column wherein are arranged horizontal perforated plates (15), means for the supply of the suspension to be treated (10) and for the supply of the treatment and extraction liquid (7) for the treated suspension as well as a pulsating device (6), characterized in that, for a column comprising N actually implanted perforated plates, having each a surface S, a perforation coefficient p, p being the ratio between the total surface area of perforation and the surface area of said plate, the pulsating device delivering the total of volumes V alternatively transferred upwardly and downwardly per time unit, the liquid used for the washing or granulometric separation having a density dn whereas the liquid coming out by overflow has a density do and in that the suspended solid materials have a density ds, g being the gravitational acceleration, a diameter O of the perforations and an average distance (1) between said perforations are so selected that a coefficient K1? associating the technical characteristics of said column is adjusted and defined by the equation$(4,)$at a value at least equal to 10 and preferably comprised between 20 and 300.

Description

APPAREILLAGE PERFECTIONNE DESTINE AU LAVAGE ET A LA SEPARATION GRANULOMETRIQUE DE MATERIAUX SOLIDES EN SUSPENSION IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR WASHING AND GRANULOMETRIC SEPARATION OF SUSPENDED SOLID MATERIALS
L'invention concerne un nouvel appareillage destiné au lavage de matériaux solides en suspension dans une phase liquide pour en éliminer les matières solubilisées et/ou destiné à la réalisation d'une séparation granulométrique précise desdits matériaux, ledit appa reillage se présentant sous la forme d'une colonne de traitement à liquide pulsatoire, munie de plateaux perforés.The invention relates to a new apparatus intended for washing solid materials suspended in a liquid phase to remove the solubilized materials and / or intended for carrying out a precise particle size separation of said materials, said apparatus being in the form of '' a pulsating liquid treatment column fitted with perforated trays.
Depuis longtemps déjà, la littérature spécialisée a décrit de nombreux appareillages dont les uns étaient particulièrement adaptés au lavage de solides en suspension aqueuse, tandis que les autres étaient plus orientés sur les opérations de classification des matériaux solides en suspension dans une phase liquide.For a long time now, the specialized literature has described numerous apparatuses, some of which were particularly suitable for washing solids in aqueous suspension, while the others were more oriented towards the classification operations of solid materials suspended in a liquid phase.
Cependant, des appareillages ayant la double possibilité de permet tre le lavage de suspensions aqueuses de matériaux solides et leur classification ont été proposés à l'homme de l'art.However, apparatuses having the double possibility of being able to wash aqueous suspensions of solid materials and their classification have been proposed to those skilled in the art.
C'est dans cet esprit que le brevet français n°1.281.826 a décrit une colone à liquide pulsatoire permettant d'effectuer le lavage en continu d'une suspension aqueuse de matériaux solides, dans laquelle la phase liquide est une liqueur aqueuse contenant en solution des matériaux solubilisés, lors de l'attaque d'un minerai par exemple, liqueur qui doit être remplacée, lors de l'opération de lavage, par l'eau introduite à cet effet.It is in this spirit that French patent n ° 1,281,826 describes a pulsating liquid colone making it possible to continuously wash an aqueous suspension of solid materials, in which the liquid phase is an aqueous liquor containing solution of solubilized materials, during the attack on an ore for example, liquor which must be replaced, during the washing operation, by the water introduced for this purpose.
Selon ce document, l'appareillage permettant de réaliser une telle opération de lavage, et qui peut permettre le débourbage d'un minerai, mis en suspension dans une phase liquide, est formé d'une colonne verticale, à l'intérieur de laquelle sont disposées des plaques perforées, ou autres obstacles, s 'étendant horizontalement en travers de la colonne, et espacées verticalement les unes par rapport aux autres, des moyens pour introduire des solides ou une suspension à l'une des extrémités de ladite colonne, et d'autres moyens pour introduire un liquide de traitement dans ladite colonne au voisinage de l'autre extrémité, des moyens permettant d'extraire une phase liquide ou une suspension de la première extrémité mentionnée, ainsi que des moyens pour extraire des solides en suspension dans le liquide de traitement par l'autre extrémité, enfin, des moyens pour créer une pulsation au contenu de la colonne de manière à obliger les matériaux solides et la phase liquide à traverser les perforations des plaques s'étendant horizontalement en travers de la colonne.According to this document, the apparatus making it possible to carry out such a washing operation, and which can allow the settling of an ore, suspended in a liquid phase, is formed of a vertical column, inside which are disposed perforated plates, or other obstacles, extending horizontally across the column, and spaced vertically with respect to each other, means for introducing solids or a suspension at one end of said column, and d other means for introducing a treatment liquid into said column in the vicinity of the other end, means making it possible to extract a liquid phase or a suspension of the first end mentioned, as well as means for extracting solids suspended in the treatment liquid by the other end, finally, means for creating a pulsation in the contents of the column so as to force the solid materials and the liquid phase to pass through the perforations of the plates extending horizontally across the column.
Ainsi, selon un tel appareillage, il est possible d'effectuer, par exemple, le lavage d'une suspension aqueuse résultant de l'attaque d'un minerai, par contact intime entre des matières solides qui se déplacent du haut vers le bas de ladite colonne et un-liquide de traitement ascendant, introduit au pied de la colonne.Thus, according to such an apparatus, it is possible to carry out, for example, the washing of an aqueous suspension resulting from the attack of an ore, by intimate contact between solid materials which move from the top to the bottom of said column and an ascending treatment liquid introduced at the foot of the column.
La présence des plaques perforées, ou autres obstacles, réparties dans la colonne selon des distances intermédiaires judicieuses, provoque un fractionnement de la suspension entre les plateaux constituant des étages de traitement ainsi qu'un déplacement forcé de ladite suspension, ce phénomène étant favorisé par un effet pulsatoire provoqué par l'introduction du liquide de traitement selon des intervalles de temps espacés.The presence of the perforated plates, or other obstacles, distributed in the column according to judicious intermediate distances, causes a fractionation of the suspension between the plates constituting treatment stages as well as a forced displacement of said suspension, this phenomenon being favored by a pulsating effect caused by the introduction of the treatment liquid at spaced intervals of time.
Ainsi, selon cet appareillage et selon le procédé qui lui est associé, il apparaît possible d'extraire, de façon discontinue, par le bas de la colonne, la suspension de solides lavés ne contenant plus qu'une faible partie des matières en solution, en introduisant de façon discontinue par le bas de la colonne, et d'une manière pulsatoire, le liquide de lavage dont une partie sort avec la suspension extraite tandis que l'autre partie remonte vers le haut de la colonne d'où elle ressort par surverse avec le liquide d'alimentation et avec la presque totalité des matières en solution et des matériaux à éliminer.Thus, according to this apparatus and according to the process which is associated with it, it appears possible to extract, discontinuously, from the bottom of the column, the suspension of washed solids containing no more than a small part of the materials in solution, by introducing discontinuously from the bottom of the column, and in a pulsating manner, the washing liquid, part of which leaves with the suspension extracted while the other part rises to the top of the column from which it emerges by overflows with the feed liquid and with almost all of the solids and materials to be removed.
Or, malgré toutes les précautions que pouvait prendre l'homme de l'art, en particulier en s'astreignant à la reproduction du matêriel décrit dans le document précité et le respect des conditions d'application dudit procédé, il est apparu à la demanderesse que les résultats obtenus étaient décevants. En effet, l'efficacité du lavage obtenu, évaluée d'après les règles classiques du lavage à contre-courant s'est révélée très inférieure à la valeur théorique que l'homme de l'art pouvait calculer.However, despite all the precautions that a person skilled in the art could take, in particular by requiring the reproduction of the equipment described in the aforementioned document and compliance with the conditions of application of said process, it appeared to the applicant that the results obtained were disappointing. Indeed, the effectiveness of the washing obtained, evaluated according to the conventional rules of washing at counter-current proved to be much lower than the theoretical value that a person skilled in the art could calculate.
Forte de cette constatation, la demanderesse, poursuivant ses recher ches, a trouvé et mis au point une technologie perfectionnée de la colonne précitée, conduisant à des résultats très performants, vraiment proches de ceux que l'on peut attendre par la théorie.On the strength of this observation, the plaintiff, continuing their research, has found and developed an improved technology for the aforementioned column, leading to very efficient results, really close to those that can be expected by theory.
Selon l'invention, l'appareillage perfectionné, destiné à permettre des opérations de lavage de matériaux solides en suspension dans une phase liquide pour en éliminer les matières solubilisées et/ou effectuer des séparations granulomëtriques précises de matériaux solides en suspension dans ladite phase, se compose d'une colonne verticale dans laquelle sont placés des plateaux perforés horizontaux, des moyens d'alimentation en suspension à' traiter et d'extraction de la suspension traitée et en liquide de traitement, ainsi qu'un dispositif pulsatoire, se caractérise en ce que, pour une colonne comportant N plateaux perforés réellement implantés, ayant chacun une surface S, un coefficient de perforation p, rapport entre la surface totale des perforations et la surface dudit plateau, le dispositif pulsatoire délivrant la somme V des volumes transférés alternativement vers le haut et vers le bas par unité de temps, le liquide servant au lavage ou à la séparation granulométrique ayant une densité dn,tandis que le liquide sortant par surverse a une densité do et que les matériaux solides en suspension ont une densité ds, g étant l'accélération de la pesanteur, on choisit un diamètre 0 des perforations et une distance moyenne 1 entre ces perforations de telle manière que l'on règle un coefficient K1 associant les caractéristiques techniques de ladite colonne, défini par la relation
Figure imgf000005_0001
à une vaalle.ur au moins égale à 10 et de préférence comprise entre 20 et 300.According to the invention, the improved apparatus, intended to allow washing operations of solid materials suspended in a liquid phase to remove the solubilized materials and / or perform precise particle size separations of solid materials suspended in said phase, consists of a vertical column in which horizontal perforated trays are placed, means for supplying suspension to be treated and for extracting the treated suspension and in treatment liquid, as well as a pulsating device, is characterized in that that, for a column comprising N perforated trays actually implanted, each having an area S, a perforation coefficient p, ratio between the total area of the perforations and the area of said tray, the pulsating device delivering the sum V of the volumes transferred alternately to the up and down per unit of time, the liquid used for washing or separation particle size having a density dn, while the liquid leaving by overflow has a density do and the solid materials in suspension have a density ds, g being the acceleration of gravity, we choose a diameter 0 of the perforations and an average distance 1 between these perforations in such a way that a coefficient K 1 is adjusted associating the technical characteristics of said column, defined by the relation
Figure imgf000005_0001
to a vaalle.ur at least equal to 10 and preferably between 20 and 300.
Selon l'invention, l'appareil perfectionné comporte une colone verticale de traitement, destinée à permettre un contact très intime entre des matériaux solides se déplaçant du haut vers le bas de ladite colonne, et une phase liquide de traitement. Les matériaux solides à traiter sont généralement introduits sous la forme d'une suspension aqueuse et/ou organique dans lesquelles des matières peuvent être en solution, tandis que la phase liquide de traitement peut être de l'eau, une solution aqueuse et/ou un liquide d'origine organique, éventuellement sous la forme de mélange ou d'émulsion. La colonne verticale de traitement peut être cylindrique sur toute sa hauteur. Mais, la zone de ladite colonne contenant les plateaux est préfërentiellement de forme hyperbolique, ou constituée par la combinaison de cylindres ét/ou de troncs de cône enveloppant une hyperbole théorique. Cette hyperbole théorique est telle que, V étant la viscosité cinématique de la phase liquide au niveau d'un plateau ayant la surface S, on a sur toute la hauteur de ladite zone le rapport S/v constant.According to the invention, the improved apparatus comprises a vertical treatment column, intended to allow very intimate contact between solid materials moving from the top to the bottom of said column, and a liquid treatment phase. The solid materials to be treated are generally introduced in the form of an aqueous and / or organic suspension in which materials can be in solution, while the liquid treatment phase can be water, an aqueous solution and / or a liquid of organic origin, optionally in the form of a mixture or emulsion. The vertical treatment column can be cylindrical over its entire height. However, the zone of said column containing the plates is preferably of hyperbolic form, or constituted by the combination of cylinders and / or truncated cones enveloping a theoretical hyperbola. This theoretical hyperbola is such that, V being the kinematic viscosity of the liquid phase at the level of a plate having the surface S, there is over the entire height of said zone the constant S / v ratio.
Selon une première disposition, la colonne verticale se compose, dans sa partie supérieure d'une zone cylindrique de collecte, dans sa partie médiane, d'une zone cylindrique de hauteur suffisante pour recevoir les N plateaux et de diamètre inférieur ou égal à celui de la zone cylindrique supérieure, les zones supérieure et médiane étant raccordées entre elles par un tronc de cône inversé dont la grande base est solidaire de la zone cylindrique supérieure, enfin, dans sa partie inférieure, d'une zone conique dont la base est raccordée à la zone médiane cylindrique.According to a first arrangement, the vertical column consists, in its upper part of a cylindrical collection zone, in its middle part, of a cylindrical zone of sufficient height to receive the N plates and of diameter less than or equal to that of the upper cylindrical zone, the upper and middle zones being connected together by an inverted truncated cone whose large base is integral with the upper cylindrical zone, finally, in its lower part, a conical zone whose base is connected to the cylindrical middle zone.
Selon une deuxième disposition, la colonne verticale comporte, dans sa partie supérieure, une zone cylindrique de collecte, dans sa partie médiane, une zone hyperbolique de révolution inversée, dont la grande base est raccordée à la zone cylindrique préalable et, dont la petite base, tournée vers le bas, est prolongée par une zone cylindrique formant la partie inférieure de ladite colonne qui s'achève par un cône de révolution inversé.According to a second arrangement, the vertical column comprises, in its upper part, a cylindrical collecting zone, in its middle part, a hyperbolic zone of reverse revolution, the large base of which is connected to the prior cylindrical zone and, the small base of which , facing downwards, is extended by a cylindrical zone forming the lower part of said column which ends with an inverted cone of revolution.
Selon une autre disposition, la colonne verticale est également munie dans sa partie supérieure d'une zone cylindrique, dans sa partie médiane, d'un tronc de cône inversé dont la grande base est solidaire de la zone cylindrique supérieure et de même diamètre, et dont la petite base est située vers le bas de ladite colonne, enfin, dans sa partie inférieure, d'une zone cylindrique dont le diamètre est identique à celui de la petite base du tronc de cône précité, qui se prolonge par un cône de révolution dont la base est raccordée à la zone cylindrique inférieure.According to another arrangement, the vertical column is also provided in its upper part with a cylindrical zone, in its middle part, with an inverted truncated cone whose large base is integral with the upper cylindrical zone and of the same diameter, and the small base of which is located towards the bottom of the said column, finally, in its lower part, a cylindrical zone whose diameter is identical to that of the small base of the aforementioned truncated cone, which is extended by a cone of revolution whose base is connected to the lower cylindrical zone.
Enfin, selon une dernière disposition, la colonne verticale est constituée, dans les parties supérieure, médiane et inférieure, par des zones cylindriques successives de diamètres décroissants, chaque zone étant raccordée à la précédente par des anneaux plans de jonction, ou des troncs de cônes inversés, la zone cylindrique inférieure se prolongeant vers le bas par un cône de révolution inversé.Finally, according to a final arrangement, the vertical column is constituted, in the upper, middle and lower parts, by successive cylindrical zones of decreasing diameters, each zone being connected to the previous one by planar junction rings, or trunks of cones inverted, the lower cylindrical zone extending downwards by an inverted cone of revolution.
A l'intérieur de la colonne verticale est créée une zone de traitement se situant entre les parties cylindriques supérieure et inférieure précitées. Cette zone de traitement est munie de plateaux perforés placés horizontalement et à égale distance les uns des autres. Les dits plateaux perforés, peuvent également former des groupes comportant chacun un ou plusieurs plateaux ëquidistants, la distance existant entre chaque groupe étant généralement supérieure à celle existant entre les plateaux.Inside the vertical column is created a treatment zone situated between the above-mentioned upper and lower cylindrical parts. This treatment area is provided with perforated trays placed horizontally and equidistant from each other. Said perforated trays can also form groups each comprising one or more equidistant trays, the distance existing between each group being generally greater than that existing between the trays.
L'une des extrémités de la colonne est équipée de moyens permettant l'introduction de la suspension à laver et/ou à élutrier, et de moyens d'évacuation de la phase liquide chargée de matières solubilisées et/ou de matériaux élutriës, tandis que l'autre extrémité de ladite colonne est équipée de moyens d'extraction des matériaux solides lavés et/ou triés et de moyens d'introduction de la phase liquide de lavage et/ou d'élutriation.One of the ends of the column is equipped with means allowing the introduction of the suspension to be washed and / or elutrier, and means for discharging the liquid phase loaded with solubilized materials and / or elutrious materials, while the other end of said column is equipped with means for extracting the washed and / or sorted solid materials and with means for introducing the liquid washing and / or elutriation phase.
Enfin, placé sur la zone cylindrique inférieure de ladite colonne se trouve un dispositif pulsatoire destiné à créer dans l'enceinte un mouvement de montée et de descente de la suspension à travers les plateaux perforés placés dans la zone de traitement.Finally, placed on the lower cylindrical zone of said column is a pulsating device intended to create in the enclosure a movement of raising and lowering of the suspension through the perforated plates placed in the treatment zone.
En multipliant ses recherches et en conduisant ses expérimentations pour mettre au point l'appareillage selon l'invention, la demanderesse a été amenée à constater et à établir que les divers paramètres techniques d'une colonne destinée au lavage et à la séparation granulométrique précise de matériaux en suspension ainsi que les nombreux paramètres attachés aux divers milieux traités et traitants étaient associés dans des relations définissant deux coefficients K1 et K2. C'est ainsi que, pour une colonne verticale comportant N plateaux perforés réellement implantés, ayant chacun une surface S, un coefficient de perforation p et munie d'un moyen de pulsation délivrant la somme V des volumes transférés alternativement vers le haut et vers le bas par unité de temps, le liquide de lavage ayant une densité dn et le liquide sortant en surverse par la partie supérieure de la colonne verticale une densité do suffisamment différente de dn, et les matériaux solides en suspension une densité ds, on choisit un diamètre 0 pour -les perforations et une distance moyenne 1 entre lesdites perforations, de telle manière que l'on règle un coefficient K1 par la relation précitée :
Figure imgf000008_0002
à une valeur au moins égale à 10 et de préférence comprise entre 20 et 300.By increasing its research and conducting its experiments to develop the apparatus according to the invention, the Applicant has been led to note and establish that the various technical parameters of a column intended for washing and precise particle size separation of suspended materials as well as the numerous parameters attached to the various treated and treating media were associated in relations defining two coefficients K 1 and K 2 . Thus, for a vertical column comprising N perforated trays actually implanted, each having a surface S, a perforation coefficient p and provided with a pulsation means delivering the sum V of the volumes transferred alternately upward and downward. bottom per unit of time, the washing liquid having a density dn and the liquid coming out overflows through the upper part of the vertical column a density do sufficiently different from dn, and the solid materials in suspension a density ds, we choose a diameter 0 for the perforations and an average distance 1 between the said perforations, so that a coefficient K 1 is adjusted by the aforementioned relation:
Figure imgf000008_0002
at a value at least equal to 10 and preferably between 20 and 300.
Dans le cas où les densités dn du liquide de lavage, et do du liquide sortant en surverse, présentent un écart relatif inférieur à 2%, un coefficient K2 défini par la relation :
Figure imgf000008_0001
(2) dans laquelle V est la viscosité cinématique de la liqueur au niveau d'un plateau de surface S, de diamètre de perforation 0 et de coefficient de perforation p, le coefficient K2 doit être associé au coefficient K1 précité, ce coefficient K2 ayant une valeur au moins égale à 100, et de préférence comprise entre 300 et 5000.In the case where the densities dn of the washing liquid, and do of the liquid leaving the overflow, have a relative difference of less than 2%, a coefficient K 2 defined by the relation:
Figure imgf000008_0001
(2) in which V is the kinematic viscosity of the liquor at the level of a surface tray S, of perforation diameter 0 and of perforation coefficient p, the coefficient K 2 must be associated with the above-mentioned coefficient K 1 , this coefficient K 2 having a value at least equal to 100, and preferably between 300 and 5000.
Dans ces deux relations, la demanderesse a été amenée a constater expérimentalement que le coefficient de perforation p, rapport entre la surface totale des perforations d'un plateau et la surface de ce plateau, doit être compris entre les limites 0,001 et 0,25, et de préférence entre 0,005 et 0,1.In these two relationships, the Applicant has been led to observe experimentally that the perforation coefficient p, ratio between the total area of the perforations of a tray and the area of this tray, must be between the limits 0.001 and 0.25, and preferably between 0.005 and 0.1.
Tous les paramètres caractérisant les valeurs à donner à K1 et K2 doivent être pris dans un système d'unité cohérent. Par ailleurs, tous ces paramètres sont bien connus de l'homme de l'art, et peuvent être aisément définis par lui dans chaque cas d'espèces. Ainsi, la surface S de décantation, encore connue sous le nom de surface du plateau, est définie selon les règles classiques et bien connues de la décantation pour assurer un tonnage souhaité de production.All the parameters characterizing the values to be given to K 1 and K 2 must be taken in a coherent unit system. Furthermore, all of these parameters are well known to those skilled in the art, and can be easily defined by him in each case. Thus, the decantation surface S, also known as the surface of the plate, is defined according to the conventional and well known rules of decantation to ensure a desired production tonnage.
De même, le volume V transféré alternativement vers le haut et le bas de la colonne verticale par unité de temps, est fixe à une valeur au moins égale au volume nécessaire pour opérer le transfert des solides en suspension d'un étage à l'autre, et sur la base d'une production horaire donnée. Ce volume V est déplacé d'une manière discontinue et pulsatoire par le bas de la colonne grâce à la présence de moyens prévus pour assurer ladite pulsation, de telle sorte que le liquide de lavage soit évacué par partie avec la suspension lavée et extraite tandis que l'autre partie remonte vers le haut de la colonne d'où elle ressort par surverse avec le liquide d'alimentation et avec la presque totalité des matières en solution.Likewise, the volume V transferred alternately up and down the vertical column per unit of time, is fixed at a value at least equal to the volume necessary to effect the transfer of the suspended solids from one stage to the other , and on the basis of a given hourly output. This volume V is moved in a discontinuous and pulsating manner by the bottom of the column by virtue of the presence of means provided for ensuring said pulsation, so that the washing liquid is evacuated in part with the suspension washed and extracted while the other part rises to the top of the column from which it emerges by overflow with the feed liquid and with almost all of the materials in solution.
La demanderesse a constaté que l'efficacité du traitement est d'autant meilleure que le débit instantané de suspension produit par les pulsations dans chaque sens se rapproche d'un débit continu pendant chaque fraction du cycle, c'est-à-dire pendant chaque déplacement forcé de ladite suspension vers le haut et vers le bas.The Applicant has found that the effectiveness of the treatment is all the better when the instantaneous flow of suspension produced by the pulsations in each direction approaches a continuous flow during each fraction of the cycle, that is to say during each forced displacement of said suspension up and down.
Le nombre de plateaux n théoriquement nécessaires est évidemment dé terminé par l'homme de l'art en fonction du degré de lavage ou de classification désiré, d'après les règles de l'art.The number of trays n theoretically necessary is obviously determined by a person skilled in the art according to the degree of washing or classification desired, according to the rules of the art.
Le nombre N de plateaux réellement implantés est toujours inférieur à deux fois le nombre n de plateaux théoriquement nécessaires dans la colonne verticale.The number N of trays actually implanted is always less than twice the number n of trays theoretically necessary in the vertical column.
De plus, le diamètre ∅ des perforations dans chaque plateau est, en général, supérieur à six fois le diamètre des plus grosses particules présentes dans la suspension à traiter, et la distance entre deux plateaux doit être au moins égale à la distance moyenne 1 entre les perforations.In addition, the diameter ∅ of the perforations in each tray is, in general, greater than six times the diameter of the largest particles present in the suspension to be treated, and the distance between two trays must be at least equal to the average distance 1 between the perforations.
Quant aux coefficients K1 et K2, ils ont été définis expérimentale ment, et les limites entre lesquelles ils peuvent se situer sont celles pour lesquelles des essais ont été exécutés aussi bien avec des suspensions qu'avec des solutions exemptes de phase solide.As for the coefficients K 1 and K 2 , they were defined experimental ment, and the limits between which they can be situated are those for which tests have been carried out both with suspensions and with solutions free of solid phase.
L'invention sera mieux comprise grâce à la description de l'appareillage représenté en coupe verticale selon les figures 1 à 4.The invention will be better understood thanks to the description of the apparatus represented in vertical section according to FIGS. 1 to 4.
Selon la figure 1, 1a colonne verticale de traitement, destinée au lavage et à la séparation granulométrique sélective de matériaux solides en suspension, comporte une zone médiane cylindrique (1) de traitement surmontée d'une zone cylindrique supérieure (2) munie d'une surverse (3), les zones médiane (1) et supérieure (2) étant raccordées entre elles par la surface tronconique inversée (4), puis une zone cylindrique inférieure (5) se prolongeant par une surface conique de révolution (8).According to FIG. 1, the vertical treatment column, intended for washing and the selective particle size separation of solid materials in suspension, comprises a central cylindrical treatment zone (1) surmounted by an upper cylindrical zone (2) provided with a overflow (3), the middle (1) and upper (2) zones being connected together by the inverted frustoconical surface (4), then a lower cylindrical zone (5) extending by a conical surface of revolution (8).
A l'extrémité supérieure de la colonne, c'est-à-dire dans la zoneAt the upper end of the column, i.e. in the area
(2) est disposée une conduite d'alimentation (10) par laquelle la suspension à traiter est introduite dans la colonne. Le liquide de traitement pénètre dans la zone cylindrique inférieure (5) par l'intermëdiaire de la canalisation (7) sous l'action, par exemple, d'une pompe (non représentée).(2) is arranged a supply line (10) through which the suspension to be treated is introduced into the column. The treatment liquid enters the lower cylindrical zone (5) via the pipe (7) under the action, for example, of a pump (not shown).
Dans la zone médiane de traitement (1), sont placés les N plateaux (16) munis de perforations (17) distantes les unes des autres d'une longueur moyenne 1. La zone médiane de traitement (1) , d'étendue verticale appréciable, est destinée à permettre un contact très intime entre les phases liquides à traiter et de traitement et la phase solide des matières à ëlutrier. La suspension dans une phase liquide des matériaux solides à traiter étant introduite par la canalisation (10), un moyen mécanique de pulsation (6), placé dans la zone cylindrique inférieure (5) de la colonne assure le mouvement de monte-et-baisse de la matière contenue dans ladite colonne. Une fraction du liquide de traitement introduit par la canalisation (7) se déplace du bas vers le haut de la colonne en entrant en contact intime avec les matériaux solides en traitement, grâce à une circulation à contre-courant par rapport auxdits matériaux. Cette fraction du liquide de traitement est alors déchargée par la surverseIn the median treatment zone (1), the N trays (16) are provided with perforations (17) distant from each other of an average length 1. The median treatment zone (1), of appreciable vertical extent , is intended to allow a very intimate contact between the liquid phases to be treated and treatment and the solid phase of materials to the elutrier. The suspension in a liquid phase of the solid materials to be treated being introduced by the pipe (10), a mechanical pulsation means (6), placed in the lower cylindrical zone (5) of the column ensures the up-and-down movement of the material contained in said column. A fraction of the treatment liquid introduced by the pipe (7) moves from the bottom to the top of the column by coming into intimate contact with the solid materials under treatment, by virtue of a circulation against the current with respect to said materials. This fraction of the treatment liquid is then discharged through the overflow
(3) dans la zone cylindrique de collecte (2) de la colonne. Les matériaux solides qui, au cours de traitement, se déplacent vers le bas de la colonne, sont évacués avec l'autre fraction du liquide de traitement par l'intermédiaire de la canalisation (9), appelée sous verse de la colonne.(3) in the cylindrical collection zone (2) of the column. Solid materials which, during processing, move towards the bottom of the column, are discharged with the other fraction of the treatment liquid via the pipe (9), called under the column.
Selon les autres figures, la zone médiane de traitement est une surface hyperbolique de révolution (12) dans le cas de la figure 2, dont la petite section est tournée vers le bas, tandis que dans le cas de la figure 3, cette zone médiane de traitement est constituée d'une surface tronconique inversée (13), et que, dans le cas de la figure 4, ladite zone médiane de traitement est formée de zones cylindriques successives (14) de diamètre décroissant du haut vers le bas de ladite colonne, chaque zone cylindrique étant raccordée à la suivante par une surface tronconique inversée (15).According to the other figures, the median treatment zone is a hyperbolic surface of revolution (12) in the case of FIG. 2, the small section of which faces downwards, while in the case of FIG. 3, this median zone treatment consists of an inverted frustoconical surface (13), and that, in the case of FIG. 4, said median treatment zone is formed of successive cylindrical zones (14) of decreasing diameter from the top to the bottom of said column , each cylindrical zone being connected to the next by an inverted frustoconical surface (15).
Quant à la séparation par ëlutriation des matériaux solides en suspension dans la phase liquide, elle se réalise par transfert desdits matériaux, d'un plateau à l'autre, sous l'action du volume de la suspension déplacée par les pulsations, puis par la remise en suspension desdits matériaux entre chaque plateau constituant un étage de traitement, la fraction des solides les plus fins migrant vers le haut de la colonne, tandis que la fraction des solides les plus grenus se déplaçant vers le bas de ladite colonne. Ainsi, chaque étage de traitement défini par l'intervalle compris entre deux plateaux constitue un hydroséparateur alimenté par l'association des débits de suspension des. matériaux solides, provenant de l'étage immédiatement supérieur quand la pulsation se propage vers le bas et provenant de l'étage immédiatement inférieur quand la pulsation se propage vers le haut. Dès lors, cet étage produit une suspension de matériaux solides grenus quand la pulsation se propage vers le bas de la colonne, et une suspension de matériaux solides fins quand la pulsation se propage vers le haut de ladite colonne. Les matériaux solides arrivant à la sousverse (9) de la colonne sont donc passés successivement dans une série d'hydroséparateurs dans lesquels ils ont été remis en suspension et redécantés et par voie de conséquence, sont de plus en plus appauvris en matériaux solides fins.As for the separation by electrification of the solid materials suspended in the liquid phase, it is carried out by transfer of said materials, from one plate to another, under the action of the volume of the suspension displaced by the pulsations, then by the resuspension of said materials between each tray constituting a treatment stage, the fraction of the finest solids migrating up the column, while the fraction of the gravest soles moving down from said column. Thus, each treatment stage defined by the interval between two plates constitutes a water separator supplied by the association of the suspension flow rates. solid materials, coming from the floor immediately above when the pulsation propagates downwards and coming from the floor immediately below when the pulsation propagates upwards. Consequently, this stage produces a suspension of granular solid materials when the pulsation propagates towards the bottom of the column, and a suspension of fine solid materials when the pulsation propagates towards the top of said column. The solid materials arriving at the underflow (9) of the column are therefore passed successively through a series of hydroseparators in which they have been resuspended and redecanted and consequently, are increasingly depleted in fine solid materials.
Dès lors, l'efficacité de la séparation des matériaux solides en deux fractions, l'une grenue et l'autre fine au moyen des N + 1 étages d'hydroséparation est très supérieure à celle obtenue avec un hydrosëparateur classique.Consequently, the efficiency of the separation of solid materials into two fractions, one grainy and the other fine by means of N + 1 hydroseparation stages is much higher than that obtained with a conventional hydroseparator.
Dès lors, l'appareillage selon l'invention se révèle très efficace, non seulement pour réaliser le lavage d'une suspension d'un matériau solide dans une phase liquide, mais aussi pour effectuer des séparations granulomêtriques très précises des matières solides selon deux classes, l'une fine partant avec la surverse, l'autre grenue étant extraite par la base de la colonne.Consequently, the apparatus according to the invention proves to be very effective, not only for washing a suspension of a solid material in a liquid phase, but also for carrying out very precise particle size separations of the solid materials according to two classes. , one fine leaving with the overflow, the other grainy being extracted by the base of the column.
EXEMPLE 1 :EXAMPLE 1:
Cet exemple illustre une tentative de lavage et classification d'alumine trihydratée, en suspension dans une liqueur sodique de densité 1,28, à la température de 54°C, de granulomëtrie moyenne 60-65 μ, au moyen d'une colonne pilote réalisée selon les données de l'art antérieur.This example illustrates an attempted washing and classification of alumina trihydrate, suspended in a sodium liquor of density 1.28, at a temperature of 54 ° C., with an average particle size of 60-65 μ, by means of a pilot column carried out according to the data of the prior art.
Ladite colonne était d'un type cylindro-conique, d'une hauteur totale de 4 mètres, comportant du haut vers le bas : - une première zone cylindrique de collecte et de surverse de diamètre ∅1 = 2,25 m, reliée au moyen d'un tronc de cône àSaid column was of a cylindro-conical type, with a total height of 4 meters, comprising from top to bottom: - a first cylindrical collection and overflow zone of diameter ∅ 1 = 2.25 m, connected by means from a truncated cone to
- une deuxième zone cylindrique d'une hauteur de 0,5 mètre et de diamètre ∅2 = 1,67 m, contenant 10 plateaux espacés de 40 millimètres, percés de trous de 9 millimètres de diamètre, disposés selon une maille carrée de 40 millimètres de côté, correspondant à un pourcentage de perforation p = 3,5%, ladite zone étant reliée au moyen d'un tronc de cône à- a second cylindrical zone with a height of 0.5 meters and a diameter ∅ 2 = 1.67 m, containing 10 plates spaced 40 millimeters apart, drilled with holes 9 millimeters in diameter, arranged in a square mesh of 40 millimeters from the side, corresponding to a percentage of perforation p = 3.5%, said zone being connected by means of a truncated cone to
- une troisième zone cylindrique d'une hauteur de 1 mètre et de diamètre ∅3 = 1,05 m, munie de 20 plateaux espacés de 40 millimètres, percés de trous de 11 millimètres selon une maille carrée de 40 millimètres de côté, correspondant à un pourcentage de perforation de 6,26%. Cette troisième zone se prolongeait par une partie cylindrique de même diamètre et de hauteur 0,5 m, qui était. munie d'un pulseur pneumatique et d'une canalisation d'entrée pour l'eau de lavage.- a third cylindrical zone with a height of 1 meter and a diameter ∅ 3 = 1.05 m, provided with 20 plates spaced 40 millimeters apart, drilled with holes of 11 millimeters according to a square mesh of 40 millimeters on the side, corresponding to a percentage of perforation of 6.26%. This third zone was extended by a cylindrical part of the same diameter and height 0.5 m, which was. equipped with a pneumatic blower and an inlet pipe for washing water.
Cette troisième zone se terminait par un cône débouchant sur l'ouverture de sousverse. La colonne était alimentée par la première zone cylindrique au moyen de 7,1 m3/h d'une suspension aqueuse contenant 5 tonnes de trihydra te d'alumine.This third zone ended with a cone opening onto the underflow opening. The column was fed by the first cylindrical zone by means of 7.1 m 3 / h of an aqueous suspension containing 5 tonnes of alumina trihydra te.
Dans le même temps, ladite colonne recevait dans la zone cylindrique inférieure 5,5 m3/h d'eau de lavage dont 2,8 m3/h étaient transférés vers la surverse. Le débit total de pulsation dans les deux sens re présentant 13,4 m3/h.At the same time, said column received in the lower cylindrical zone 5.5 m 3 / h of washing water, of which 2.8 m 3 / h were transferred to the overflow. The total pulsation flow in both directions is 13.4 m 3 / h.
On extrayait de la colonne 3,7 m3/h d'une suspension contenant 2,4 tonnes de solides par la sousverse.A suspension containing 2.4 tonnes of solids was extracted from the column 3.7 m 3 / h by the underflow.
Les densités respectives des phases liquide et solide étaient : surverse colonne : do = 1,2 eau de lavage : dn = 1 solide : ds = 2,4The respective densities of the liquid and solid phases were: column overflow: do = 1.2 washing water: dn = 1 solid: ds = 2.4
Le rapport de concentration en sels dissous dans les phases liquides d'alimentation et de sousverse était seulement de 7,5, résultat que l'on aurait dû obtenir avec un nombre théorique de plateaux n = 3, alors que 30 plateaux étaient installés.The concentration ratio of dissolved salts in the liquid feed and underflow phases was only 7.5, a result which should have been obtained with a theoretical number of trays n = 3, when 30 trays were installed.
Simultanément à l'opération de lavage, se réalisait la classification des grains d'hydrate d'alumine.Simultaneously with the washing operation, the classification of the alumina hydrate grains was carried out.
L'efficacité de la classification était définie par la méthode de la "courbe de partage" connue sous le nom de "TROMP CURVE", référencée TROMP K.F. "Neue Wege fur die Beurteilung der Aufbereitung von Steinkohlen Glûckauf 73 (1937) 125/131 - 151/156",qui donnait un d50, diamètre de particules ayant une probabilité 0,5 de sortir en sousverse, égale à 67 microns, et une imperfection de courbe de partage ("imperfection Index")The efficiency of the classification was defined by the "sharing curve" method known as "TROMP CURVE", referenced TROMP KF "Neue Wege fur die Beurteilung der Aufbereitung von Steinkohlen Glûckauf 73 (1937) 125/131 - 151/156 ", which gave a d 50 , particle diameter with a probability of 0.5 going out under, equal to 67 microns, and an imperfection of the partition curve (" imperfection Index ")
Figure imgf000013_0001
Figure imgf000013_0001
Les données précitées de construction et de fonctionnement de la colonne conduisaient à un coefficient K1 = 0,65. EXEMPLE 2 :The aforementioned construction and operating data of the column led to a coefficient K 1 = 0.65. EXAMPLE 2:
Cet exemple illustre l'appareillage perfectionné selon l'invention avec lequel ont été exécutés un lavage et une classification d'alumine trihydratêe en suspension dans une liqueur sodique de densité 1,09, à la température de 52°C, de granulomëtrie moyenne 60-65 μ, au moyen d'une colonne pilote réalisée selon les données de l'invention.This example illustrates the improved apparatus according to the invention with which a washing and classification of alumina trihydrate suspended in a sodium liquor of density 1.09, at the temperature of 52 ° C., of average particle size 60- were carried out. 65 μ, by means of a pilot column produced according to the data of the invention.
Ladite, colonne était d'un type cylindro-conique, d'une hauteur totale de 4 mètres, comportant du haut vers le bas :Said column was of a cylindro-conical type, with a total height of 4 meters, comprising from top to bottom:
- une première zone cylindrique de collecte et de surverse de diamètre ∅1 = 1,60 m, reliée au moyen d'un tronc de cône à- a first cylindrical collection and overflow zone of diameter ∅ 1 = 1.60 m, connected by means of a truncated cone to
- une deuxième zone cylindrique d'une hauteur de 0,5 mètre et de diamètre ∅2 = 1,07 m contenant 10 plateaux espacés de 40 millimè très, percés de trous de 6 millimètres de diamètre, disposés selon une maille carrée de 40 millimètres de côté, correspondant à un pourcentage de perforation p = 1,8 %, ladite zone étant reliée au moyen d'un tronc de cône à- a second cylindrical zone with a height of 0.5 meters and a diameter ∅ 2 = 1.07 m containing 10 trays spaced 40 millimeters apart, pierced with holes 6 millimeters in diameter, arranged in a square mesh of 40 millimeters from the side, corresponding to a percentage of perforation p = 1.8%, said zone being connected by means of a truncated cone to
- une troisième zone cylindrique d'une hauteur de.1 mètre et de dia mètre ∅2 = 0,97 m, munie de 17 plateaux espacés de 40 millimètres, percés de trous de 9 millimètres selon une maille carrée de 40 millimètres de côté, correspondant à un pourcentage de perforation de 4%. Cette troisième zone se prolongeait par une partie cylindrique de même diamètre et de hauteur 0,5 m, qui était munie d'unepulseur pneumatique et d'une canalisation d'entrée pour l'eau de lavage. Cette troisième zone se terminait par un cône débouchant sur l'ouverture de sousverse.- a third cylindrical zone with a height of 1 meter and dia meter ∅ 2 = 0.97 m, provided with 17 plates spaced 40 millimeters apart, drilled with holes of 9 millimeters according to a square mesh of 40 millimeters on a side, corresponding to a percentage of perforation of 4%. This third zone was extended by a cylindrical part of the same diameter and height 0.5 m, which was equipped with a pneumatic thruster and an inlet pipe for the washing water. This third zone ended with a cone opening onto the underflow opening.
La colonne était alimentée par la première zone cylindrique au moyen de 11,3 m3/h d'une suspension aqueuse contenant 6 tonnes de trihydrate d'alumine.The column was supplied by the first cylindrical zone using 11.3 m 3 / h of an aqueous suspension containing 6 tonnes of alumina trihydrate.
Dans le même temps, ladite colonne recevait dans la zone cylindrique inférieure 3,1 m3/h d'eau de lavage dont 1,6 m3 était transféré vers la surverse. Le débit total de pulsation dans les deux sens reprêsentait 14,9 m3/h.At the same time, said column received in the lower cylindrical zone 3.1 m 3 / h of washing water, 1.6 m 3 of which was transferred to the overflow. The total pulsation flow in both directions represented 14.9 m 3 / h.
On extrayait de la colonne 2,3 m3/h d'une suspension contenant 1,9 tonne de solides par sousverse.2.3 m 3 / h were extracted from the column from a suspension containing 1.9 ton of solids per underflow.
Les densités respectives des phases liquide et solide étaient : surverse colonne : do = 1,09 eau de lavage : dn = 1 solide : ds = 2,4The respective densities of the liquid and solid phases were: column overflow: do = 1.09 washing water: dn = 1 solid: ds = 2.4
Le rapport de concentration en sels dissous dans les phases liquides d'alimentation et de sousverse était seulement de 103, résultat que l'on aurait dû obtenir avec un nombre théorique de plateaux n = 15,5 alors que 27 plateaux étaient installés.The concentration ratio of dissolved salts in the liquid feed and underflow phases was only 103, a result which should have been obtained with a theoretical number of trays n = 15.5 when 27 trays were installed.
Simultanément à l'opération de lavage, se réalisait la classification des grains d'hydrate d'alumine.Simultaneously with the washing operation, the classification of the alumina hydrate grains was carried out.
L'efficacité de la classification était définie par la méthode de la "courbe de partage" qui donnait un d50, diamètre de particules ayant une probabilité 0,5 de sortir en sousverse, égale à 73 microns, et une imperfection de courbe de partage ("imperfection. Index)The efficiency of the classification was defined by the method of the "partition curve" which gave a d 50 , diameter of particles having a probability 0.5 to exit in underflow, equal to 73 microns, and an imperfection of partition curve ("imperfection. Index)
Figure imgf000015_0001
Les données précitées de construction et de fonctionnement de la colonne conduisait à un coefficient K1 = 10.
Figure imgf000015_0001
The aforementioned construction and operating data of the column led to a coefficient K 1 = 10.
EXEMPLE 3 :EXAMPLE 3:
Cet exemple illustre l'appareillage perfectionné selon l'invention avec lequel ont été exécutés un lavage et une classification d'alumine trihydratee en suspension dans une liqueur sodique de densité 1,09 à la température de 52°C, de granulomêtrie moyenne 60-65 μ, au moyen d'une colonne pilote réalisée selon les données de l'invention.This example illustrates the improved apparatus according to the invention with which a washing and classification of alumina trihydrate suspended in a sodium liquor of density 1.09 at the temperature of 52 ° C, of average particle size 60-65 were carried out. μ, by means of a pilot column produced according to the data of the invention.
Ladite colonne était d'un type cylindro-conique, d'une hauteur totale de 4 mètres, comportant du haut vers le bas : - une première zone cylindrique de collecte et de surverse de diamètre ∅1 = 1,60 m, reliée au moyen d'un tronc de cône à - une deuxième zone cylindrique d'une hauteur de 0,5 mètre et de diamètre ∅2 = 1,07 m, contenant 10 plateaux espacés d 40 millimètres percés de trous de 5 millimètres de diamètre, disposés selon une maille carrée de 40 millimètres de côté, correspondant à un pourcentage de perforation p = 1,2%, ladite zone étant reliée au moyen d'un tronc de cône à - une troisième zone cylindrique d'une hauteur de 1 mètre et de diamètre ∅3 = 0,97 m, munie de 17 plateaux espacés de 40 millimètres, percés de trous de 6,5 millimètres selon une maille carrée de 40 millimètres de côté, correspondant à un pourcentage de perforation de 2,1 %. Cette troisième zone se prolongeait par une partie cylindrique de même diamètre et de hauteur 0,5 m, qui était munie d'un pulseur pneumatique et d'une canalisation d'entrée pour l'eau de lavage. Cette troisième zone se terminait par un cône débouchant sur l'ouverture de sousverse.Said column was of a cylindro-conical type, with a total height of 4 meters, comprising from top to bottom: - a first cylindrical collection and overflow zone of diameter ∅ 1 = 1.60 m, connected by means from a truncated cone to - a second cylindrical zone with a height of 0.5 meters and a diameter ∅ 2 = 1.07 m, containing 10 trays spaced 40 mm apart pierced with holes of 5 millimeters in diameter, arranged in a square mesh of 40 millimeters on a side, corresponding to a percentage of perforation p = 1.2%, said zone being connected by means of a truncated cone to - a third zone cylindrical with a height of 1 meter and diameter ∅ 3 = 0.97 m, provided with 17 plates spaced 40 millimeters apart, drilled with holes of 6.5 millimeters according to a square mesh of 40 millimeters on the side, corresponding to a percentage 2.1% perforation. This third zone was extended by a cylindrical part of the same diameter and height 0.5 m, which was equipped with a pneumatic blower and an inlet pipe for the washing water. This third zone ended with a cone opening onto the underflow opening.
La colonne était alimentée par la première zone cylindrique au moyen de 11 m3/h d'une suspension aqueuse contenant 5,8 tonnes de trihydrate d'alumine.The column was supplied by the first cylindrical zone using 11 m 3 / h of an aqueous suspension containing 5.8 tonnes of alumina trihydrate.
Dans le même temps, ladite colonne recevait dans la zone cylindrique inférieure 2,7 m3/h d'eau de lavage dont 1,1 m3/h était transféré vers la surverse. Le débit total de pulsation dans les deux sens représentait 14,1 m3/h.At the same time, said column received in the lower cylindrical zone 2.7 m 3 / h of washing water, of which 1.1 m 3 / h was transferred to the overflow. The total pulsation flow in both directions was 14.1 m 3 / h.
On extrayait de la colonne 2,4 m3/h d'une suspension contenant 2 tonnés de solides par la sousverse.The suspension was extracted from the column 2.4 m 3 / h from a suspension containing 2 tonnes of solids by the underflow.
Les densités respectives des phases liquide et solide étaient : surverse colonne : do = 1,09 eau de lavage : dn = 1 solide : ds = 2,4The respective densities of the liquid and solid phases were: column overflow: do = 1.09 washing water: dn = 1 solid: ds = 2.4
Le rapport de concentration en sels dissous dans les phases liquides d'alimentation et de sousverse était seulement de 220, résultat que l'on aurait dû obtenir avec an nombre théorique de plateaux n = 23 alors que 27 plateaux étaient installés.The concentration ratio of dissolved salts in the liquid feed and underflow phases was only 220, a result which should have been obtained with a theoretical number of trays n = 23 while 27 trays were installed.
Simultanément à l'opération de lavage, se réalisait la classification des grains d'hydrate d'alumine. L'efficacité de la classification était définie par la méthode de la "courbe de partage" qui donnait un d50 , diamètre de particules ayant une probabilité 0,5 de sortir en sousverse, égale à 75 microns, et une imperfection de courbe de partage ("imperfection Index")Simultaneously with the washing operation, the classification of the alumina hydrate grains was carried out. The effectiveness of the classification was defined by the "partition curve" method which gave a d 50 , particle diameter having a probability 0.5 of going out under, equal to 75 microns, and an imperfection in the partition curve. ("imperfection Index")
Figure imgf000017_0001
Figure imgf000017_0001
Les données précitées de construction et de fonctionnement de la colonne conduisait- â un coefficient K1 = 30. The aforementioned construction and operating data of the column led to a coefficient K 1 = 30.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1. Appareillage perfectionné, destiné à permettre des opérations de lavage de matériaux solides en suspension dans une phase liquide pour en éliminer les matières solubilisées et/ou effectuer des séparations granulomëtriques précises de matériaux solides en suspension dans ladite phase, se composant d'une colonne verticale dans laquelle sont placés des plateaux perforés horizontaux, des moyens d'alimentation en suspension à traiter et en liquide de traitement et d'extraction de la suspension traitée, ainsi qu'un dispositif pulsatoire, caractérisé en ce que, pour une colonne comportant N plateaux perforés réellement implantés, ayant chacun une surface S, un coefficient de perforation p, rapport entre la surface totale des perforations et la surface dudit plateau, le dispositif pulsatoire délivrant la somme V des volumes transférés alternativement vers le haut et vers le bas par unité de temps, le liquide servant au lavage ou à la séparation granulométrique ayant une densité dn tandis que le liquide sortant par surverse a une densité do et que les matériaux solides en suspension ont une densité ds, g étant l'accélération de la pesanteur, on choisit un diamètre ∅ des perforations et une distance moyenne 1 entre ces perforations de telle manière que l'on règle un coefficient K. associant les. caractéristiques techniques de ladite colonne, défini par la relation :
Figure imgf000018_0001
a. une valeur au' moins égale à 10 et de préférence comprise entre 20 et 300.1. Improved apparatus, intended to allow washing operations of solid materials suspended in a liquid phase to remove the solubilized materials and / or perform precise particle size separations of solid materials suspended in said phase, consisting of a column vertical in which horizontal perforated plates are placed, means for supplying the suspension to be treated and the liquid for treating and extracting the treated suspension, as well as a pulsating device, characterized in that, for a column comprising N perforated trays actually implanted, each having a surface S, a perforation coefficient p, ratio between the total surface of the perforations and the surface of said tray, the pulsating device delivering the sum V of the volumes transferred alternately up and down per unit time, the liquid used for washing or particle size separation ay ant a density dn while the liquid leaving by overflow has a density do and that the solid materials in suspension have a density ds, g being the acceleration of gravity, we choose a diameter ∅ of the perforations and an average distance 1 between these perforations in such a way that a coefficient K. is set associating the. technical characteristics of said column, defined by the relationship:
Figure imgf000018_0001
at. a value at 'least 10 and preferably between 20 and 300.
2. Appareillage perfectionné selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que, quand les densités dn du liquide de lavage et do du liquide sortant en surverse présentent un écart relatif inférieur à 2%, on associe au coefficient K1 un coefficient K2 défini par la relation :
Figure imgf000018_0002
dans laquelle V est la viscosité cinématique de la liqueur au niveau d'un plateau, que l'on règle à une valeur au moins égale à 100 et de préférence comprise entre 300 et 5000. 2. Improved apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, when the densities dn of the washing liquid and do of the liquid leaving the overflow have a relative difference of less than 2%, the coefficient K 1 is associated with a coefficient K 2 defined by the relationship :
Figure imgf000018_0002
in which V is the kinematic viscosity of the liquor at the level of a plateau, which is adjusted to a value at least equal to 100 and preferably between 300 and 5000.
3. Appareillage perfectionné selon les revendications 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que le coefficient de perforation p, rapport entre la surface totale des perforations d'un plateau et la surface de ce plateau, est compris entre les limites 0,001 et 0,25 et, de préférence, entre 0,005 et 0,1.3. Improved apparatus according to claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the perforation coefficient p, ratio between the total area of the perforations of a tray and the area of this tray, is between the limits 0.001 and 0.25 and preferably between 0.005 and 0.1.
4. Appareillage perfectionné selon les revendications 1 et 2, caractérisé en ce que les N plateaux perforés réellement implantés dans la colonne le sont dans une zone de forme cylindrique de ladite colonne.4. Improved apparatus according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the N perforated trays actually implanted in the column are in a cylindrical area of said column.
5. Appareillage perfectionné selon les revendications 1 et 2, caractérisé en ce que les N plateaux perforés réellement implantés dans la colonne le sont dans une zone de forme hyperbolique de ladite colonne.5. An improved apparatus according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the N perforated trays actually implanted in the column are in a hyperbolic-shaped area of said column.
6. Appareillage perfectionné selon les revendications 1 et 2, caractérisé en ce que les N plateaux perforés réellement implantés dans la colonne le sont dans une zone constituée par la combinaison de plusieurs formes cylindro-coniques coaxiales de ladite colonne.6. An improved apparatus according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the N perforated plates actually implanted in the column are in an area formed by the combination of several cylindrical-conical coaxial shapes of said column.
7. Appareillage perfectionné selon la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce que la zone constituée par la combinaison de plusieurs formes cylindro-coniques coaxiales de ladite colonne est l'enveloppe extérieure d'une forme hyperbolique.7. An improved apparatus according to claim 6, characterized in that the area constituted by the combination of several coaxial cylindrical-conical shapes of said column is the outer envelope of a hyperbolic shape.
8. Appareillage perfectionné selon les revendications 5 et 7, caractérisé en ce que, V étant la viscosité cinématique de la phase liquide au niveau d'un plateau ayant la surface S, on a sur toute la hauteur de la zone de forme hyperbolique le rapport S/v constant. 8. Improved apparatus according to claims 5 and 7, characterized in that, V being the kinematic viscosity of the liquid phase at the level of a plate having the surface S, the ratio over the entire height of the hyperbolic shape zone S / v constant.
PCT/FR1982/000141 1981-08-31 1982-08-25 Improved apparatus intended for the washing and granulometric separation of suspended solid materials WO1983000817A1 (en)

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BR8207816A BR8207816A (en) 1981-08-31 1982-08-25 PERFECT APPLIANCE FOR WASHING AND GRANULOMETRIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS IN SUSPENSION
DK1898/83A DK189883D0 (en) 1981-08-31 1983-04-28 IMPROVED WASHING AND GRANULOMETRIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS IN SUSPENSION

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