WO1983000723A1 - Moyen de nettoyage du type a brulage pour filtre de materiau particulaire d'un systeme d'echappement de moteur - Google Patents

Moyen de nettoyage du type a brulage pour filtre de materiau particulaire d'un systeme d'echappement de moteur Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1983000723A1
WO1983000723A1 PCT/US1981/000167 US8100167W WO8300723A1 WO 1983000723 A1 WO1983000723 A1 WO 1983000723A1 US 8100167 W US8100167 W US 8100167W WO 8300723 A1 WO8300723 A1 WO 8300723A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
heating element
filter
electrical heating
manifold
combination
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US1981/000167
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
John M Bailey
Original Assignee
Bailey, John, M.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Bailey, John, M. filed Critical Bailey, John, M.
Priority to PCT/US1981/000167 priority Critical patent/WO1983000723A1/fr
Publication of WO1983000723A1 publication Critical patent/WO1983000723A1/fr

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D46/00—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours
    • B01D46/10—Particle separators, e.g. dust precipitators, using filter plates, sheets or pads having plane surfaces
    • B01D46/12—Particle separators, e.g. dust precipitators, using filter plates, sheets or pads having plane surfaces in multiple arrangements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D46/00—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/023—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles
    • F01N3/027—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles using electric or magnetic heating means

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a device for clean- ing particulates from a filter which removes them from exhaust gases of engines, such as diesel engines, by burning out the collected particulates.
  • Internal combustion engines and particularly diesel engines, emit exhaust gases that carry substan ⁇ tial amounts of particulate material. Such material adds to the air pollution produced by internal combustion engines which lack an effective particulate filter.
  • a problem with most particulate filters is that they gradually become clogged with particulates in operation which causes excessive back pressure resulting in poor engine performance or damage to the engxne or the filter.
  • particulate filter When an internal combustion engine is operating under heavy load, the exhaust gases enter the particulate filter at a high enough temperature to burn out particulates collected by it; but when an engine is operated for protracted periods of time at, or close to its idling speed, particulate buildup may be so heavy as to impede engine operation.
  • An engine exhaust particulate filter structure heretofore developed by applicant relieves part of the problem of particulate collection by permitting opposed filter elements to move apart sufficiently to eliminate
  • OMPI excessive back pressure.
  • a particulate filter of the structure there described may require a supplemental means for heating the engine exhaust gases sufficiently to ignite and burn out particulates collected by the filter.
  • burn ⁇ out type cleaning means for an engine exhaust particulate filter which has filter means of a material capable of operating at a temperature range above about 1000°F. through which exhaust gases pass from an inlet surface through an opposite surface so the filter means traps particulates in the gases.
  • the cleaning means in ⁇ cludes an electric resistance heating element which is constructed and arranged to confront only a small part of the one surface of the filter means, drive means for moving the heating element so that it confronts all parts of the one surface of the filter means in a regular cycle, and means for energizing the heating element to raise the temperature of gases passing over it to a level at which the gases ignite particulates trapped in the filter.
  • Fig. 1 is a longitudinal, central sectional view of a cleaning means embodying the present invention, as applied to a particulate filter heretofore developed by applicant;
  • Fig. 2 is an electrical circuit diagram of a control circuit for the cleaning means illustrated in Fig. 1;
  • Fig. 3 is a central sectional view of a clean- ing means embodying the invention, as applied to a particulate filter of another type;
  • Fig. 4 is a fragmentary sectional view on an enlarged scale taken substantially as indicated along the line IV-IV of Fig. 3.
  • a housing indicated generally at 10, has an inlet end wall 11 provided with an inlet opening 12 through which a pipe 12a delivers exhaust gases to a fluid conducting manifold 13.
  • a cylindrical housing side wall 14 has an opening 15 communicating with a discharge pipe 15a; and the end of the housing opposite the wall 11 is supplied with a closure plate 16 which may be conveniently removably mounted upon the end of the cylindrical housing side wall 14 by a collar 17, although other common means may be used such as screws or bolts in overlapping circumferential flanges.
  • the housing 10 is fabricated from sheet metal which is protected from the corrosive effect of hot exhaust gases by ceramic lining elements 11a, 14a and 16a on the respective end wall 11, cylindrical side wall 14, and end plate 16.
  • Suitable means such as an abutment 18 is em ⁇ ployed to fixedly secure one end of the manifold 13 to the end wall 11, and the opposite end portion of the manifold 13 extends through an axial hole 19 in the end plate 16 and the ceramic liner 16a.
  • a sleeve 20 having a thrust ring 21 makes a sliding fit on an outer end portion 22 of the manifold 13.
  • the manifold 13 is foram- inous by reason of series of foramina, certain ones of which are indicated by the reference numeral 23.
  • Each of the filter means consists of two opposed, radially extending filter elements 28 and 29 having inner periphery encircling the manifold 13 ad ⁇ jacent the foramina 23.
  • the filter elements 28,29 comprise relatively thin plates of porous, preferably refractory material which are spaced apart adjacent the manifold 13 and which converge toward each other as they extend radially outwardly from manifold 13 and have outer peripheral portions 28a and 29a lightly in contact with one another for inhibitingizid flow between ele- ments 28,29.
  • a perforated annular clip 30, which may conveniently be in the form of a split collar having a plurality of openings 30a formed therein, loosely embraces the contacting outer peripheral portions
  • the filter elements 28 and 29 may con- sist of a material such, for example, as ceramic, com ⁇ pressed stainless steel wire, foamed metal, or any other material which may be fabricated into a plate having pores small enough to effectively filter soot particles as small as 0.01 to 1 micron in diameter.
  • the filter elements 28 and 29 have respective inlet surfaces 28b and 29b, and opposite surfaces 28c and 29c.
  • the filter means 27 are held firmly in stacked relationship between the sleeve 20 and the annular abut ⁇ ment 18 by means of a spring 31.
  • An annular ceramic plug 32 closes the mani ⁇ fold 13 and has an opening 32a to receive the cleaning means of the present invention.
  • the apparatus as disclosed up to this point is essentially that of applicant's exhaust particulate fil- ter structure heretofore referred to.
  • the cleaning means of the present invention as constructed for use with the hereinabove described particulate filter is indicated generally at 33.
  • An elongated, hollow heating element support rod 34 makes a snug sliding fit in the opening 32a in the annular ceramic plug 32, and drive means, indicated schematically at 35, operatively engages the rod 34 so as to recipro ⁇ cate it endwise in the manifold 13.
  • annular shroud member 36 Supported at the outer end of the rod 34 is an annular shroud member 36, and surrounding the shroud member is an annular electrical resistance heating ele ⁇ ment 37 of known type. Electrical wires 38 for the heating element extend through the hollow rod 34 and are
  • OMPI connected to a source of electric energy such as a motor vehicle battery.
  • the shroud 36 associated with the heating ele ⁇ ment 37 restricts the flow of gases around the heating element so as to provide quite intensive heating of a rather small volume of gas which then passes through the immediately adjacent foramina 23 of the manifold 13 and into one of the pairs of filter means 27 which is directly confronted by the electric resisting heating element 37.
  • the drive means 35 is of any suitable type to reciprocate the rod 34 slowly between the ends of the manifold 13, so that particulates are cyclically burned out of the filter elements 28 and 29 by igniting the particulates at and directly internally of the filter element inlet surfaces 28b and 29b which are confronted by the heating element 37 from time to time.
  • the hollow rod 34 occupies an inactive posi ⁇ tion in which the heating element 37 is in the broken line position of Fig. 1, so that it is ordinarily out of the path of exhaust gases entering the manifold.
  • the drive means 35 and electrical heating element 37 may be energized to move the heating element slowly to the left as seen in Fig. 1, and then return it to the broken line parking position. This may be done on a time cycle, so that the cleaning means is automatically operated after a predetermined number of hours of engine operation.
  • the actuation of the cleaning means 33 is by a pressure-actuated switch which closes when the pressure drop from the inlet pipe 12a to the discharge pipe 15a reaches a predetermined level, indicating excessive back pressure upon the engine.
  • Fig. 2 illustrates a circuit which may be employed to produce the operation hereinabove described.
  • a pressure-sensitive switch 39 When back pressure reaches a desired limit, a pressure- sensitive switch 39 is closed so that current may flow from a battery 40 to a solenoid 41 and a resistance 42. Energization of solenoid 41 closes holding contacts 43 and contacts 44 which initiate the burn-out process by starting an electric motor which is part of the drive means 35 and energizing the electrical heating element 37.
  • a limit switch 45 When the rod 34 reaches its extreme left-hand posi ⁇ tion as seen in Fig. 1, a limit switch 45 is momentarily closed, causing the voltage created across the resistor 42 to cause current to flow through the switch- 45 and through a second solenoid 46 back to the battery 40. Energization of solenoid 46 closes holding contact 47 and a motor reversing switch 48.
  • an internal combustion engine exhaust manifold 50 has an inlet opening 51 which communicates with an exhaust stack 52 through a parti ⁇ culate filter, indicated generally at 53.
  • the filter 53 comprises a shell 54 within which is a stainless steel wire netting 55 that supports honeycomb particulatefilter means 56 having an inlet surface 56a and an opposite surface 56b.
  • the particulate filter means 56 is a porous, ceramic material which is available from Corning Glass Works, and which was particularly designed for filtering fine particulate material from a gaseous stream.
  • the filter member 53 is secured between a flange 50a on the exhaust manifold outlet 51 and a flange 52a on the exhaust stack by means of clamps 57 and 58, so that it is readily removable for servicing or replace ⁇ ment.
  • Burn-out type cleaning means indicated gener ⁇ ally at 60, ' consists of a hollow shaft providing support means which is rotatably mounted in bearings 62. At the outer end of the shaft 61 is an annular insulator 63 in which an electrically conductive button 64 is mounted. The button rests upon a conductor button 65 which is carried upon an insulator 66 at the upper end of a plun ⁇ ger 67 which seats in an adaptor 68.
  • a compression spring 69 surrounding the plunger 67 bears upon a flange at the top of the plunger to maintain the electircal con ⁇ tact buttons 64 and 65 in firm contact and also to main ⁇ tain thrust of the hollow shaft 61 upwardly against a small metallic button 70 which is mounted at the bottom of the filter means 56 and on the longitudinal axis of the shell 54.
  • An electrical resistance heating element 71 is U-shaped, so that it has parallel arms 72 connected by a bight 73, and the heating element 71 is supported upon the hollow shaft 61 in close proximity to the bottom of the filter means 56 and extending radially from the shaft.
  • An energizing circuit for the resistance heating element 71 includes a terminal 74, a wire 75 which is connected to the electrically conductive button 65, and an internal wire 76 which connects the electrically conductive button 64 and the heating element 71.
  • the shaft 61 is rotated slowly so that the electrical resistance element 71 traverses the inlet sur- face 56a of the filter means 56; and such rotation may be accomplished by any desired drive means which, in the illustrated embodiment, consists of a cluster sprocket 77 which is connected by a drive chain 78 with an electric motor (not shown) , and which in turn is connected by a drive chain 79 with another sprocket for a shaft of another heating element which is associated with an additional filter member such as the filter member 53.
  • any desired drive means which, in the illustrated embodiment, consists of a cluster sprocket 77 which is connected by a drive chain 78 with an electric motor (not shown) , and which in turn is connected by a drive chain 79 with another sprocket for a shaft of another heating element which is associated with an additional filter member such as the filter member 53.
  • the apparatus is here illustrated as having more than one filter member 53, it is perfectly apparent that there might be a single filter member, in which event a single sprocket would be substituted for the cluster sprocket 77, and the exhaust manifold would be closed off to the right of the filter member 53.
  • Operation of the apparatus of Fig. 3 may be continuous, or it may be in,accordance with a time cycle as previously stated with respect to the apparatus of Fig. 1.
  • a pressure-sensitive actuating switch is employed to start the drive of the shaft 61 and energize the heatin'g element 71 when the pressure drop between the exhaust manifold 50 and the vent stack 52 reaches a predetermined high value, indi ⁇ cating excessive blockage of the filter means 56 by particulates.
  • the control circuit is, of course, far simpler than that illustrated in Fig. 2 , because the hollow shaft 61 may be rotated always in the same direction, ' and all that is necessary is to stop the mo or and deenergize the heating element when the latter has rotated 360°.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Processes For Solid Components From Exhaust (AREA)

Abstract

Appareil permettant d'élever la température des gaz d'échappement d'un moteur à combustion interne suffisamment pour brûler le matériau particulaire récupéré à partir des moyens filtrants (27/56) de matériau particulaire dans le système d'échappement. Un élément chauffant à résistance électrique (37/71) qui fait face seulement à une petite partie de la surface d'entrée des moyens filtrants de matériau particulaire (27/56) est déplacé par rapport à cette surface d'entrée pour brûler de manière progressive et cyclique les matériaux particulaires provenant des moyens filtrants.
PCT/US1981/000167 1981-02-05 1981-02-05 Moyen de nettoyage du type a brulage pour filtre de materiau particulaire d'un systeme d'echappement de moteur WO1983000723A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/US1981/000167 WO1983000723A1 (fr) 1981-02-05 1981-02-05 Moyen de nettoyage du type a brulage pour filtre de materiau particulaire d'un systeme d'echappement de moteur

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/US1981/000167 WO1983000723A1 (fr) 1981-02-05 1981-02-05 Moyen de nettoyage du type a brulage pour filtre de materiau particulaire d'un systeme d'echappement de moteur

Publications (1)

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WO1983000723A1 true WO1983000723A1 (fr) 1983-03-03

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Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0119047A1 (fr) * 1983-03-11 1984-09-19 Bendix Limited Silencieux pour sécheur d'air
DE3836697A1 (de) * 1988-10-28 1990-05-03 Sueddeutsche Kuehler Behr Regenerative einrichtung zur russabscheidung aus den abgasen von dieselmotoren
DE10106769A1 (de) * 2001-02-12 2002-08-14 Ego Elektro Geraetebau Gmbh Abgasfilter mit einer elektrischen Heizeinrichtung und Verfahren zum Abbrennen von Ruß in einem Abgasfilter
CN103635245A (zh) * 2011-07-01 2014-03-12 丰田自动车株式会社 颗粒过滤器
US9470128B2 (en) 2013-05-28 2016-10-18 Electro-Motive Diesel, Inc. Exhaust system implementing active regeneration control

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2495635A (en) * 1946-07-12 1950-01-24 Jr Henry J Hersey Dust filter
US3957639A (en) * 1975-01-14 1976-05-18 Donaldson Company, Inc. Fluid flow modulator
US4167852A (en) * 1978-01-26 1979-09-18 General Motors Corporation Diesel engine exhaust cleaner and burner
US4270936A (en) * 1980-01-18 1981-06-02 General Motors Corporation Coiled fibrous metallic material and coating for diesel exhaust particulate trap
US4276066A (en) * 1980-02-25 1981-06-30 General Motors Corporation Monolith diesel exhaust filter with self-regeneration

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2495635A (en) * 1946-07-12 1950-01-24 Jr Henry J Hersey Dust filter
US3957639A (en) * 1975-01-14 1976-05-18 Donaldson Company, Inc. Fluid flow modulator
US4167852A (en) * 1978-01-26 1979-09-18 General Motors Corporation Diesel engine exhaust cleaner and burner
US4270936A (en) * 1980-01-18 1981-06-02 General Motors Corporation Coiled fibrous metallic material and coating for diesel exhaust particulate trap
US4276066A (en) * 1980-02-25 1981-06-30 General Motors Corporation Monolith diesel exhaust filter with self-regeneration

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0119047A1 (fr) * 1983-03-11 1984-09-19 Bendix Limited Silencieux pour sécheur d'air
DE3836697A1 (de) * 1988-10-28 1990-05-03 Sueddeutsche Kuehler Behr Regenerative einrichtung zur russabscheidung aus den abgasen von dieselmotoren
DE10106769A1 (de) * 2001-02-12 2002-08-14 Ego Elektro Geraetebau Gmbh Abgasfilter mit einer elektrischen Heizeinrichtung und Verfahren zum Abbrennen von Ruß in einem Abgasfilter
CN103635245A (zh) * 2011-07-01 2014-03-12 丰田自动车株式会社 颗粒过滤器
US9470128B2 (en) 2013-05-28 2016-10-18 Electro-Motive Diesel, Inc. Exhaust system implementing active regeneration control

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