WO1982001908A1 - Systeme acoustique pour guider une tariere de gisement houiller - Google Patents

Systeme acoustique pour guider une tariere de gisement houiller Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1982001908A1
WO1982001908A1 PCT/US1980/001565 US8001565W WO8201908A1 WO 1982001908 A1 WO1982001908 A1 WO 1982001908A1 US 8001565 W US8001565 W US 8001565W WO 8201908 A1 WO8201908 A1 WO 8201908A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
hole
signal
bored
axis
acoustical
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US1980/001565
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Inc Conoco
Original Assignee
Fowler James C
Coon Julian B
Waters Kenneth H
Payton Charles E
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Fowler James C, Coon Julian B, Waters Kenneth H, Payton Charles E filed Critical Fowler James C
Priority to EP81901374A priority Critical patent/EP0064978A1/fr
Priority to PCT/US1980/001565 priority patent/WO1982001908A1/fr
Priority to AU71551/81A priority patent/AU7155181A/en
Publication of WO1982001908A1 publication Critical patent/WO1982001908A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S15/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of acoustic waves, e.g. sonar systems
    • G01S15/02—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of acoustic waves, e.g. sonar systems using reflection of acoustic waves
    • G01S15/06—Systems determining the position data of a target
    • G01S15/08—Systems for measuring distance only
    • G01S15/32—Systems for measuring distance only using transmission of continuous waves, whether amplitude-, frequency-, or phase-modulated, or unmodulated
    • G01S15/36—Systems for measuring distance only using transmission of continuous waves, whether amplitude-, frequency-, or phase-modulated, or unmodulated with phase comparison between the received signal and the contemporaneously transmitted signal
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
    • E21B47/02—Determining slope or direction
    • E21B47/022—Determining slope or direction of the borehole, e.g. using geomagnetism
    • E21B47/0224—Determining slope or direction of the borehole, e.g. using geomagnetism using seismic or acoustic means
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
    • E21B7/04—Directional drilling
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S15/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of acoustic waves, e.g. sonar systems
    • G01S15/88—Sonar systems specially adapted for specific applications

Definitions

  • Patent No. 3,907,045 is one such patent which discusses an apparatus for boring an elongated bore hole with a drilling apparatus which contains a flux sensitive coil and directional drill apparatus.
  • An antenna is inserted through a previously drilled bore hole and is connected between the ground and a sectional generating apparatus. Flux generated by the antenna will be picked up by the flux sensitive coil.
  • Readout apparatus is connected to the coil and an indication of the magnitude of the flux being cut by the coil is determined.
  • a control system coupled to the horizontal drill is then actuated to maintain the horizontal drill along a predetermined path which is substantially parallel to the bore hole previously drilled.
  • Patent No. 3,853,185 discloses a drilling apparatus, likewise, used for forming a horizontal bore hole substantially parallel to a first-drilled horizontal bore hole.
  • the previously drilled bore hole has a signal generating apparatus inserted into it.
  • a horizontal drill is inserted into the subterranean stratum adjacent the first-drilled bore hole and operated until it is in the formation.
  • the signal receiver contained in the horizontal drill apparatus will then receive a signal generated by the signal generating apparatus.
  • the signal generating apparatus will always be maintained a fixed distance behind or in front of the horizontal drilling apparatus.
  • the signal receiver in the horizontal drill will include an antenna sensitive to direction which can orient itself with the signal generating apparatus. Knowing the angle between the horizontal drill and the signal generating apparatus along with the distance along the first bore hole between the first bore hole and the signal generating apparatus will provide sufficient data to calculate the distance between the first horizontal bore hole and the drilling apparatus.
  • the detector includes apparatus for precisely orienting the detector a fixed distance from the wall to maintain a constant coupling which can be repeated each time the detector is moved. Apparatus is also provided in the cart to keep the detector mounting platform always parallel to a plan which passes along the gravitation of the bore hole wall.
  • Equipment outside the bore hole can determine the position of the cart and the detector for determining the distance between the bore hole.
  • a seismic signal is positioned in the other bore hole to create a signal which can be received by the detection.
  • This invention like the former invention is a method for boring a second hole substantially parallel with another hole previously drilled. Unlike the previous concept this concept permits a more reliable determination of the variation distance between the bore hole and permit these readings to be taken without the addition of equipment into the formerly driven bore hole.
  • the measuring equipment will be carried by the drilling apparatus and can be used during the quiet periods while additional augers are being added or removed to take the readings.
  • the apparatus for performing the method essentially comprises a three-foot section of auger which contains a transmitter at the end nearest the bore or cutting head and a receiver at the opposite end. A signal is transmitted into the stratum by the transmitter and received at the receiver.
  • phase shift measurement can be taken at a single frequency or can be repeated at several different frequencies which would allow additional determinations of the change in separation distance and would provide the information necessary to determine the absolute separation between the bore holes.
  • FIGURE 1 is a top view taken through lines 1-1 of FIGURE 2 and illustrates the method for carrying out this invention along with apparatus necessary to carry out the method;
  • FIGURE 2 is an end view taken through FIGURES 2-2 of FIGURE 1 showing additional wire paths taken by the signal as it is introduced into the coal seam;
  • FIGURE 3 is a small sectional drawing of one of the transducers used to carry out this invention.
  • a bore hole 10 which has previously been drilled into coal seam 11 is illustrated and comprises two nearly circular cuts 12 and 13 with the center portion 9 removed. Either bore hole 12 or 13 has an axis 14 or 15.
  • an auger boring apparatus When drilling the second hole as designated by arrow 20 an auger boring apparatus is utilized and essentially comprises a boring head 21, an auger 22 coupled to shaft 23 to boring head 21 and additional augers 24, likewise coupled to shafts 23 to the next succeeding auger 22. Additional augers 24 are coupled together in series after one auger has penetrated approximately twelve feet. Thus every twelve feet the augering must cease while an additional auger is added to the string. Augers may function as a single string or as a double string in which case additional augers 22a, 24a, etc., will be paired and tied together with apparatus in a manner to make them operate as a unitary pair. Such apparatus is clearly disclosed in patent No.
  • auger 22 will be shorter than the standard augers 24 or 24a. In this instance auger 22 is approximately three feet in length; however, the distance is not critical so long as the distance is known. At the
  • a transducer generally referred to by arrow 26 and comprises a hydraulic cylinder 27 and the transducer 28.
  • Transducer 28 along with its positioning cylinder 27 is clearly described when reference is made to FIGURE 3.
  • a second transducer generally referred to by the arrow 30 is mounted on the rearward hub or bearing 31.
  • a detailed cross-sectional view of the transducer assembly 26 and 30 is illustrated and comprises a cylinder 35 having a piston 36 axially mounted inside.
  • a shaft 37 is coupled through a seal and bearing 38 to a transistor 28.
  • a hydraulic or air inlet pressure pipe 39 is connected to the internal portion of cylinder 35 and when pressured will urge piston 36 outward, causing transducer 28 to be in engagement with the coal seam 11.
  • Wires 40 couple the output of transistor 28 (or transducer 30) to an external reading source.
  • Wires 40 and pipe 39 can be conveyed through the center portion 41 (see FIGURE 1) and 42 and so on through each preceding auger pair to an external source for applying the pressure as needed and receiving and transmitting the desired signals.
  • Such a center wire channel is clearly described in patent No. 4,021,076 issued May 3, 1977, to Hawthorne and Hazen entitled "Wire Communications Channel for a Pair of Unitized Augers.” Operation
  • the basic apparatus operates by rotating shafts 23 and 23a causing the boring head 21 to cut into coal seam 11, forming holes 12 and 13 in the case of the hole which has been already bored and holes 50 and 51 in the case of the holes being bored in the coal seam 11.
  • coal is dislodged and moved backward toward the beginning of the cut.
  • Coal is continually moved backward by the flights which are around the shafts 23 and 23a.
  • a new section must be added.
  • a new section is added there is a certain period of time when the boring heads 21 are not rotating. This is generally referred to as "quiet time.” During the quiet time measurements can be taken without the added noise from the cutting of coal by the boring head.
  • Acoustical impedance is defined by a product of the mass density of the medium and the velocity of sound in the medium.
  • the acoustical impedance contrasts between coal, for example, and an air-filled void such as the previous mined hole is very large and will cause almost all of the incident acoustical energy to be reflected. Reflection techniques which have been tried in the past have been found totally unsuitable since the frequencies which are needed to obtain the necessary precision of the time measurements are excessively high and such excessively high frequencies will not propagate will through a coal seam with the fractures, cleats, and other inhomogeneous inclusions. Such is clearly illustrated by the following example:
  • phase shift 8,000 ft/sec
  • Phase measurements of this magnitude can be performed using standard techniques.
  • a complication of the previously simplified problem is introduced because the acoustic signal detected at the receiver is the sum of the signals along each of the paths represented in Figure 1.
  • the paths which produce a strong reflected signal depend upon d except for paths O and 4.
  • the phase shift due to path O should not change since a is fixed. Thus one should be able to calibrate the total phase shift observed for the reflected signal as a function of d.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Geophysics (AREA)
  • Geophysics And Detection Of Objects (AREA)

Abstract

Procede de forage d'un trou (20), de telle sorte que son axe soit sensiblement parallele a l'axe d'un trou deja fore (20) pour positionner un emetteur acoustique (28) et un recepteur (30) contre le trou en cours de forage de sorte que leur position sur la paroi soit sur un plan horizontal coupant l'axe de l'alesage du trou en cours de forage. Ensuite, un signal acoustique de frequence acoustique est transmis dans la paroi du trou. Le signal reflechi est recu de la paroi adjacente en meme temps que d'autres reflexions supplementaires indesirees. Le dephasage est alors determine entre le signal transmis et le signal recu et les changements de distance entre la paroi du trou de l'alesage sont ensuite determines.
PCT/US1980/001565 1980-11-24 1980-11-24 Systeme acoustique pour guider une tariere de gisement houiller WO1982001908A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP81901374A EP0064978A1 (fr) 1980-11-24 1980-11-24 Systeme acoustique pour guider une tariere de gisement houiller
PCT/US1980/001565 WO1982001908A1 (fr) 1980-11-24 1980-11-24 Systeme acoustique pour guider une tariere de gisement houiller
AU71551/81A AU7155181A (en) 1980-11-24 1980-11-24 An acoustic system to guide a coal seam auger

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/US1980/001565 WO1982001908A1 (fr) 1980-11-24 1980-11-24 Systeme acoustique pour guider une tariere de gisement houiller
WOUS80/01565801124 1980-11-24

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1982001908A1 true WO1982001908A1 (fr) 1982-06-10

Family

ID=22154657

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/US1980/001565 WO1982001908A1 (fr) 1980-11-24 1980-11-24 Systeme acoustique pour guider une tariere de gisement houiller

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0064978A1 (fr)
AU (1) AU7155181A (fr)
WO (1) WO1982001908A1 (fr)

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3578807A (en) * 1966-07-11 1971-05-18 Barrett Arthur L Method of steering
SU443973A1 (ru) * 1971-11-23 1974-09-25 Университет Дружбы Народов им. Патриса Лумумбы Устройство дл обеспечени направленного движени выемочного агрегата в плоскости пласта при камерно-столбовом способе разработки
US3853185A (en) * 1973-11-30 1974-12-10 Continental Oil Co Guidance system for a horizontal drilling apparatus
US3907045A (en) * 1973-11-30 1975-09-23 Continental Oil Co Guidance system for a horizontal drilling apparatus
US4184562A (en) * 1977-11-14 1980-01-22 Standard Oil Company (Indiana) Multi-directional assemblies for sonic logging

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3578807A (en) * 1966-07-11 1971-05-18 Barrett Arthur L Method of steering
SU443973A1 (ru) * 1971-11-23 1974-09-25 Университет Дружбы Народов им. Патриса Лумумбы Устройство дл обеспечени направленного движени выемочного агрегата в плоскости пласта при камерно-столбовом способе разработки
US3853185A (en) * 1973-11-30 1974-12-10 Continental Oil Co Guidance system for a horizontal drilling apparatus
US3907045A (en) * 1973-11-30 1975-09-23 Continental Oil Co Guidance system for a horizontal drilling apparatus
US4184562A (en) * 1977-11-14 1980-01-22 Standard Oil Company (Indiana) Multi-directional assemblies for sonic logging

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU7155181A (en) 1982-06-17
EP0064978A1 (fr) 1982-11-24

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Designated state(s): AT CF CG CH CM DE FR GA GB LU NL SE SN TD TG