WO1982000177A1 - Thermodynamic piston engine with internal thermal insulation - Google Patents
Thermodynamic piston engine with internal thermal insulation Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1982000177A1 WO1982000177A1 PCT/GB1981/000117 GB8100117W WO8200177A1 WO 1982000177 A1 WO1982000177 A1 WO 1982000177A1 GB 8100117 W GB8100117 W GB 8100117W WO 8200177 A1 WO8200177 A1 WO 8200177A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- fluid
- piston
- components
- vapours
- replenishible
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B77/00—Component parts, details or accessories, not otherwise provided for
- F02B77/11—Thermal or acoustic insulation
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B41/00—Engines characterised by special means for improving conversion of heat or pressure energy into mechanical power
Definitions
- thermodynamic piston engines and more particularly to components of such engines having surfaces exposed, in use, to high temperature working fluid.
- the invention has application to pistons and to cylinder walls and cylinder heads of internal combustion engines (with spark ignition or self ignition or hot surface ignition) and to external combustion engines, inlet and exhaust valves (poppet, slide and other types) also passageways and combustion chambers, which are subjected, in use, to high temperature working fluid.
- thermodynamic piston engines have hitherto been very much lower than the efficiency which is theoretically possible from the thermodynamic cycle upon which they are based.
- the most significant reason for this is the need, in practice hitherto, to limit the cycle maximum temperature such that engine components and also lubricants are not unduly affected by excessive heat.
- This has involved the provision of cooling systems which conduct away from the affected components and lubricants that very substantial proportion of the heat of the working fluid, which transfers to the surfaces of such affected components and lubricants, by radiation and by conduction.
- An object of the present invention is intended to remedy these drawbacks. It solves the problem of how to prevent overheating of components and lubricants in piston engines.
- the invention as claimed provides a means of preventing heat from escaping from the working fluid to the surfaces of components and lubricants of such piston engines, thus permitting much higher thermodynamic cycle temperatures to be used, for longer durations, with the result that thermal efficiency is increased. Also component and lubricant reliability is much improved due to lower and steadier working temperature, and due to smaller and less fluctuating internal thermal stresses inside these components.
- a component of a thermodynamic piston engine having a surface which is subjected to high temperature working fluid in use, has a fluid-permeable structure constituting that surface, and means are provided for forcing a fluid through that structure at a controlled rate of flow, thus causing the surface to become permeated by the fluid and establish a layer of this fluid upon the surface, such that the fluid will function as a "barrier” against heat flow into that surface.
- This barrier is hereafter referred to as the "Fluid Thermal Barrier”
- the fluid would be chosen to suit the circumstances, but would most probably, be air or water where the fluid will be lost to engine exhaust and therefore need to be continually replaced.
- the "fluid thermal barrier” will usually be supplied at a temperature which is within the reliable working temperature range of the material used for the component. Such temperature will usually be considerably lower than that of the thermodynamic working fluid.
- the "fluid thermal barrier" supply pressure may exceed the maximum pressure of the thermodynamic cycle, or it may be supplied at certain different levels of pressure at different times or positions within such a cycle; also the pressure may be controlled so as to remain steady, or it may be made to fluctuate as required by the circumstances.
- the "fluid thermal barrier” will absorb that heat which would otherwise be lost to the surface of those components and thence to a cooling system or atmosphere, so that this heat will now take part in the thermodynamic cycle.
- Fluid thermal barrier will absorb the heat, and fluid from it will expand with the working fluid to provide additional useful work at the piston.
- thermodynamic working fluid it is not suggested that the air, water or other fluid used for the "fluid thermal barrier" be fed into the thermodynamic working fluid so that the whole volume of the latter becomes diluted; this merely reduces the initial temperature throughout the working fluid before expansion and reduces the amount of useful work done.
- the invention provides an extremely thin barrier of molecule of air, water or other fluid at the surface of the component only.
- the well known "boundary layer effect” prevents the molecules of the fluid thermal barrier from being immediately swept away from the surface through which they have permeated, even though there maybe violent swirling taking place within the bulk of the working fluid.
- the fluid thermal barrier molecules As the fluid thermal barrier molecules are forced by their supply pressure, away from the surface and through the thickness of the static boundary layer they absorb the outflowing heat and their temperature will gradually rise to almost that of the mass of hot working fluid. The fluid thermal barrier molecules then become entrained with the working fluid, both being at approximately the same temperature at the time of mixing, and thus the working fluid will not suffer a substantial drop in temperature as a result.
- the fluid thermal barrier will usually need to be replenished at a rate which balances, in its required function, the heat energy tending to escape from the working fluid.
- the molecules of the air, water or other fluid used as the fluid thermal barrier absorb only that heat which would otherwise be lost to the surfaces under consideration.
- the fluid thermal barrier molecules do not take that heat from the hot working fluid which would normally be retained by the working fluid if the fluid thermal barrier were not present.
- this invention does not relate to any means of cooling components, such as the well documented “sweat cooling” system. Rather, it does provide a means of preventing heat from transferring to the surfaces of piston engine components.
- plastics materials could be used in suitable situations, such as for cylinders with a backing reinforcement of stronger material capable of withstanding the pressure of the working fluid.
- lubricants are used upon or between surfaces, it may be considered advantageous to make such lubricants compatible with whatever fluid is used for the "fluid thermal barrier".
- Soluable oil could be used in the crank cases of reciprocating piston engines.
- the water or other fluid used for the fluid thermal barrier may itself provide a sufficient lubrication to the sliding surfaces, if made of a suitable material, so that the use of lubricating oil could be dispensed with. Indeed, with compressed air (or other gas) used to provide the fluid barrier, this itself could provide an 'air bearing , effect between the sliding surfaces and thus no further lubrication would be needed.
- Figure 1 Shows a cross-section view of part of a permeable solid structure with fluid thermal barrier molecules permeating through it to form a layer upon its surface.
- Figure 2 Show a cylinder and piston, and poppet valves, of an internal combustion reciprocating engine.
- Figure 3 Shows an expansion cylinder and piston, and a sliding or rotating metering. type inlet valve, of an external combustion reciprocating engine.
- FIG. 1 there is shown a surface 9Ahaving a permeable solid structure 7, supported by a non-permeable solid structure 7A .
- Fluid molecules F are supplied via channels 6, and then permeate the permeable structure as shown by arrows K to form a protective layer 9 within the thickness of the boundary layer T upon the surface 9A.
- the fluid thermal barrier molecules axe shown by arrows H passing as a result of their supply pressure, from the cold side of the boundary layer 9A to the hot side of the boundary layer 9B, carrying with them that heat of the working fluid 5 which tends to escape from the latter as shown by arrows N.
- FIG. 2 there is shown a fluid tight casing 2 surrounding a cylinder 4 of material (possibly cast iron) which allows air, water and other fluid to permeate through it at a sufficient rate under pressure.
- the drawing shows fluid feed channels 6 which .would be connected to a pump (not shown) capable of providing the required pressure over and above the pressure developed inside space 8, between the cylinder head 4A and piston 10.
- Figure 2 also shows piston 10 having a head portion 12 of fluid permeable material; this would also have fluid feed channels (not shown) fed from flexible or telescopic pipes or via transfer channels at the connecting rod 14 or across the piston skirt l6 from the cylinder wall 4.
- Inlet and exhaust poppet valves 18 and 20 are also made, at least in those necessary parts, of fluid permeable material, the fluid in this case being fed through a channel in the valve stem as indicated by the arrow A, or via a side port (not shown).
- a sliding or rotating valve instead of a poppet type, see Figure 3 and the related description.
- the drawing( Figure 2) shows a fluid thermal barrier F established by permeating of fluid through the permeable material of the cylinder 4, cylinder head 4A, piston head 12, valves 18 and 20, valve guides 19 and passageways 15 and 17.
- FIG. 3 there is shown an expansion cylinder 22 with piston 24 of an external combustion engine, having fluid thermal barrier feed channels 6.
- This drawing also illustrates a sliding or rotating metering valve 26 whose fixed and movable parts 26A and 26B are cooled be permeating of fluid forced through permeable material (from which, at least, the surface parts are made) to form fluid thermal barriers F.
- FIG. 3 also illustrates a poppet type exhaust valve 28; as shown this valve may also be constructed for permeation by fluid thermal barrier molecules and thus be protected from receiving heat, as may the walls of the exhaust passageway 29 and inlet passageway 25.
- thermoplastic materials perhaps foamed (polycarbonates, PVC, Nylon, etc), sintered metals and ceramic materials; all of which can be easier and cheaper to form into components than steel, cast iron or aluminium, with a lower quality-rejection rate.
- Engines can be more reliable and less costly to manufacture because the thermal stresses inside the components will be very much reduced; also the auxilliary units which are necessary for the functioning of present engines, such as cooling systems, timed ignition or timed fuel injection systems, can be made unnecessary by using the "Fluid Thermal Barrier” system as a means of making it possible to redesign the layout of engines.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
- Pistons, Piston Rings, And Cylinders (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AU73000/81A AU7300081A (en) | 1980-07-09 | 1981-07-01 | Improvements in or relating to means of preventing heat of working fluid from flowing into component surfaces of thermodynamic pistin engines |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB8022398800709 | 1980-07-09 | ||
GB8022398 | 1980-07-09 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1982000177A1 true WO1982000177A1 (en) | 1982-01-21 |
Family
ID=10514627
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/GB1981/000117 WO1982000177A1 (en) | 1980-07-09 | 1981-07-01 | Thermodynamic piston engine with internal thermal insulation |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (2) | EP0055721A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO1982000177A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2540941B1 (en) * | 1983-02-14 | 1987-07-10 | Bertin & Cie | FLUID SEGMENT DEVICE FOR |
US6170441B1 (en) * | 1998-06-26 | 2001-01-09 | Quantum Energy Technologies | Engine system employing an unsymmetrical cycle |
NO334747B1 (en) * | 2012-01-20 | 2014-05-19 | Viking Heat Engines As | External heater, method of operation of an external heater, a thermodynamic process for operating an external heater, and the use of an external heater and / or a thermodynamic process in the operation of a cogeneration plant. |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE489034C (en) * | 1927-06-20 | 1930-01-11 | Erich Schattaneck | Device for heat insulation and the resulting cooling of areas exposed to high temperatures in machines and machine parts, e.g. B. in internal combustion engines |
GB730260A (en) * | 1951-03-21 | 1955-05-18 | Carborundum Co | Improvements relating to rocket motor and like structures |
GB828552A (en) * | 1956-02-11 | 1960-02-17 | Augsbert Nurnberg A G Maschf | Improvements in rotor blades for turbines or compressors operating at high temperatures |
US3300139A (en) * | 1964-10-26 | 1967-01-24 | Emerson Electric Co | Thermal-structural system |
-
1981
- 1981-07-01 WO PCT/GB1981/000117 patent/WO1982000177A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1981-07-01 EP EP19810901797 patent/EP0055721A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1981-07-01 EP EP81302994A patent/EP0049941A1/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE489034C (en) * | 1927-06-20 | 1930-01-11 | Erich Schattaneck | Device for heat insulation and the resulting cooling of areas exposed to high temperatures in machines and machine parts, e.g. B. in internal combustion engines |
GB730260A (en) * | 1951-03-21 | 1955-05-18 | Carborundum Co | Improvements relating to rocket motor and like structures |
GB828552A (en) * | 1956-02-11 | 1960-02-17 | Augsbert Nurnberg A G Maschf | Improvements in rotor blades for turbines or compressors operating at high temperatures |
US3300139A (en) * | 1964-10-26 | 1967-01-24 | Emerson Electric Co | Thermal-structural system |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0055721A1 (en) | 1982-07-14 |
EP0049941A1 (en) | 1982-04-21 |
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