WO1981000595A1 - Plant for producing electrical power from a watercourse and turbine assembly for such a plant - Google Patents

Plant for producing electrical power from a watercourse and turbine assembly for such a plant Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1981000595A1
WO1981000595A1 PCT/DE1980/000121 DE8000121W WO8100595A1 WO 1981000595 A1 WO1981000595 A1 WO 1981000595A1 DE 8000121 W DE8000121 W DE 8000121W WO 8100595 A1 WO8100595 A1 WO 8100595A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
flow
turbine unit
water
turbines
plant
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Application number
PCT/DE1980/000121
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
H Kelm
Original Assignee
Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie
H Kelm
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie, H Kelm filed Critical Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie
Publication of WO1981000595A1 publication Critical patent/WO1981000595A1/en

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B17/00—Other machines or engines
    • F03B17/06—Other machines or engines using liquid flow with predominantly kinetic energy conversion, e.g. of swinging-flap type, "run-of-river", "ultra-low head"
    • F03B17/061—Other machines or engines using liquid flow with predominantly kinetic energy conversion, e.g. of swinging-flap type, "run-of-river", "ultra-low head" with rotation axis substantially in flow direction
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B13/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates
    • F03B13/10—Submerged units incorporating electric generators or motors
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B17/00—Artificial islands mounted on piles or like supports, e.g. platforms on raisable legs or offshore constructions; Construction methods therefor
    • E02B2017/0091—Offshore structures for wind turbines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00—Components
    • F05B2240/90—Mounting on supporting structures or systems
    • F05B2240/97—Mounting on supporting structures or systems on a submerged structure
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/20—Hydro energy

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a plant for the production of electrical energy from flowing water using flow-through turbines.
  • the invention further relates to a turbine unit suitable for such a system.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a system for the generation of electrical energy from flowing waters using flow-through turbines, in which structural foundation measures can be largely dispensed with.
  • a turbine unit consisting of one or more flow-through turbines and designed as a closed structural unit with a flow housing which is essentially anchored free floating in the current.
  • Anchoring can take place, for example, by means of ropes which are attached to existing bridge pillars, to pillars specially constructed for this purpose or to buoys, rafts or pontoons anchored in the water.
  • the floating turbine unit can also be suspended from a freely floating buoy in order to determine its depth in the water, or it can be equipped with adjustable depth rudders.
  • the turbine unit can also be anchored directly to the raft or pontoon.
  • All essential regulating and control devices are expediently housed in the unit itself.
  • the cables for current drainage are advantageously routed together with the anchoring cables. Possibly.
  • Required switching, transformer and distribution systems are to be provided in a riverside station.
  • the unit should be provided with cavities in the housing, which may be foamed with a plastic. This measure should expediently be carried out to such an extent that the total weight of the aggregate in the water is only about 0.3 to 1.0 t. In certain circumstances, however, it can also be advantageous to design the buoyancy to be greater than the dead weight of the aggregate, as a result of which the aggregate would float in the event of a depth control malfunction.
  • An appropriate depth for the suspension of the unit is between -3 and -10 m.
  • the flow housing in a preferred embodiment is provided with an inclined rake on the inlet side. see, which has a self-cleaning effect due to its inclination, in that the foreign matter collected is drained up or down by the inclination.
  • the entire system is lifted out of the water, for example onto a pontoon plate, and is possible without difficulty.
  • the floating systems are also suitable for temporary use until, after a corresponding increase in electricity requirements, they can be replaced by permanently installed, larger power plants, if this is structurally possible.
  • Figure 1 an anchored in a river bed
  • Figure 2 an anchored in a river bed
  • FIG. 3 shows a schematic cross section through a turbine unit consisting of a single tubular turbine with counter-rotating vane wheels and generator parts;
  • FIG. 4 shows a front view of the unit according to FIG. 3
  • FIG. 5 shows a schematic, perspective illustration of an unit consisting of two flow-through turbines arranged next to one another.
  • the system for energy generation shown schematically in FIG. 1 consists of a floating turbine unit 1, which is attached by means of ropes 2 to a pillar 3, which is anchored in the bed 4 of a flowing water 5, for example a large river.
  • the pillar 3 is additionally provided with a stiffening rope 6 which is fastened to an anchor 7 in the river bed 4.
  • the depth of the turbine unit 1 in the water 5 is determined by a buoy 9 floating freely on the surface of the water, on which the turbine unit 1 is suspended by means of a rope 10.
  • an inlet rake 11 which is inclined against the flow direction can be seen.
  • the turbine unit is provided with tail units 12, which stabilize the axial position of the unit in the water should and can be regulated accordingly. With this type of arrangement, deep rudders are not necessary, since the unit is fixed to buoy 9.
  • FIG. 2 Another type of suspension of the turbine unit is shown in a schematic representation in FIG. 2.
  • the turbine unit 1 hangs by means of ropes 13 on a buoy 14 floating on the surface 8 of the water, which in turn is anchored to the bottom of the water by means of an anchor rope 15. Since the ropes 13 must be made relatively long in this type of arrangement, an additional stabilization of the position is required. In the exemplary embodiment, this is done by means of deep rudders 16 arranged on the side of the unit, which can be controlled by a control device (not shown) in the turbine unit.
  • FIG. 3 shows an enlarged, schematic section of a turbine unit suitable for a system according to FIGS. 1 and 2, which consists of only one single-flow turbine.
  • the turbine unit has a housing 17 which is adapted to the required flow pattern in the turbine and in which the actual unit 18 is fastened by means of radial anchors 19 and 20.
  • the housing 17 is provided with a double jacket 21, wherein the intermediate space 22 provided as a buoyancy space between the housing 17 and the double jacket 21 can be foamed with a plastic.
  • the housing is provided with the stabilization stabilizers 12 already mentioned.
  • the inlet rake 11 Arranged at the front end is the inlet rake 11, which is also particularly visible in the front view in FIG. 4.
  • the actual unit 18 consists of a flow body 23, in the interior of which the generator and further technical equipment (not shown) can be arranged, and at the rear end of which the housing 17 narrows Turbine wheels are provided.
  • the unit shown which consists of only a single flow turbine, is provided with two opposing turbine wheels 24 and 25, which are arranged on concentric shafts 26 and 27. Each of these shafts 26, 27 drives one of two generator parts 28 and 29, which also run in opposite directions. Additional control devices (not shown) and the like can be accommodated in the head of the flow body.
  • FIG 4 the unit of Figure 3 is shown in front view.
  • side wings 31 can also be seen here, on the rear side of which the aforementioned ailerons can be provided.
  • FIG. 5 shows an assembly which consists of two flow-through turbines arranged next to one another, the housings of which are connected to one another by cross struts 32 and 33.

Abstract

Plant for producing electric power from a watercourse is comprised of immersed turbines. The turbines known of this type are anchored in the bed of the river by complex and expensive arrangements. Such arrangements are superfluous if the turbine assembly (1) comprised of one or a plurality of turbines immersed and forming a closed unit is anchored while floating freely on the water. Cables (2) are anchored to pillars (3), buoys, rafts or pontoons. It is also possible to anchor the turbine assembly directly to the raft (9) or pontoon. To increase the floating capacity, the turbine assembly is provided with floating chambers.

Description

"Anlage zum Gewinnen von elektrischer Energie aus strömenden Gewässern und Turbinenaggregat für eine solche Anlage""Plant for extracting electrical energy from flowing waters and turbine unit for such a plant"
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Anlage zur Gewinnung elektrischer Energie aus strömenden Gewässern unter Verwendung von Durch- Strömturbinen. Die Erfindung betrifft ferner ein für eine solche Anlage geeignetes Turbinenaggregat.The invention relates to a plant for the production of electrical energy from flowing water using flow-through turbines. The invention further relates to a turbine unit suitable for such a system.
In Gebieten von Großflußsystemen, wie denen des Kongo oder denen des Amazonas, besteht ein Bedarf an elektrischer Energie zur wirtschaftlichen Erschließung dieser Gebiete. Dabei ist der Bedarf zunächst über eine relativ große Fläche verteilt und absolut gesehen gering, da anfangs kleine Siedlungen für die Erschließung der Gebiete ausreichen. Bisher sind diese Erschließungssiedlungen mit elektrischer Energie aus kleinen Dasei kraftwerken mit Leistungen zwischen 50 kW und ca. 2000 kW versorgt worden. In Anbetracht der Ölknappheit und extremen Verteuerungen von Dieselkraftstoff werden verstärkte An strenungen unternommen, diese Dieselkraftwerke durch Anschluß an das Überlandnetz zu ersetzen. Diesen Bemühungen sind aber durch große Entfernungen und erhebliche Bau- und Unterhaltungs- kosten für die elektrischen Fernleitungen Grenzen gesetzt.In areas of large river systems, such as those of the Congo or the Amazon, there is a need for electrical energy for the economic development of these areas. The demand is initially distributed over a relatively large area and, in absolute terms, is low, since initially small settlements are sufficient to open up the areas. So far, these development areas have been supplied with electrical energy from small demi power plants with outputs between 50 kW and approx. 2000 kW. Considering the oil shortage and extreme Increased price increases for diesel fuel efforts are being made to replace these diesel power plants by connecting them to the overland network. However, these efforts are limited by long distances and considerable construction and maintenance costs for the electrical long-distance lines.
Andererseits ist es seit langem bekannt, die kinetische Energie strömender Gewässer zur Erzeugung elektrischer Energie auszunutzen. Für Wasserkraftanlagen mit niedrigem Gefälle haben sich dabei in den letzten Jahren weitgehend sogenannte Durchströmturbinen, auch Rohrturbinen genannt, durchgesetzt. Es handelt sich dabei um Achsialturbinen, bei denen der Generator in einer gegenüber dem Strömungsmedium volls.tändig gekapselten Bauweise unmittelbar oder evtl. unter Zwischen- schaltung eines erforderlichen Planetengetriebes auf der Welle der Turbine angeordnet ist. Diese Turbinen zeichnen sich durch geringe Bauhöhe, einfache Konstruktion und geringe Baukosten aus. Ein besonderes Problem bei Durchströmturbinen ist jedoch die Notwendigkeit, diese Turbinen durch besondere Baumaßnah- men im Flußbett zu verankern. In Gewässern mit sehr starker Strömung und großen Wassermassen, wie sie beispielsweise durch die beiden obengenannten Großflußsysteme repräsentiert werden, stoßen derartige bauliche Gründungsmaßnahmen auf unüberwindbare Hindernisse, so daß die Gewinnung elektrischer Energie aus solchen Flüssen mittels fest installierter Luftkraftwerke nicht möglich oder wirtschaftlich nicht vertretbar ist.On the other hand, it has long been known to use the kinetic energy of flowing waters to generate electrical energy. For hydropower plants with a low gradient, so-called flow-through turbines, also referred to as tubular turbines, have largely prevailed in recent years. These are axial-flow turbines, in which the generator is arranged on the shaft of the turbine in a construction that is completely encapsulated with respect to the flow medium, directly or possibly with the interposition of a required planetary gear. These turbines are characterized by a low overall height, simple construction and low construction costs. A particular problem with through-flow turbines, however, is the need to anchor these turbines in the river bed by means of special construction measures. In waters with very strong currents and large water masses, such as those represented by the two large river systems mentioned above, such structural foundation measures encounter insurmountable obstacles, so that the generation of electrical energy from such rivers by means of permanently installed air power plants is not possible or economically unjustifiable.
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Anlage zum Gewinnen von elektrischer Energie aus strömenden Gewässern unter Verwendung von Durchströmturbinen zu schaffen, bei der weitgehend auf bauliche Gründungsmaßnahmen verzichtet werden kann.The invention has for its object to provide a system for the generation of electrical energy from flowing waters using flow-through turbines, in which structural foundation measures can be largely dispensed with.
Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß durch ein aus einer oder mehreren Durchströmturbinen bestehendes und als geschlossene Baueinheit mit Strömungsgehäuse ausgeführtes Turbinenaggregat gelost, welches im wesentlichen freischwimmend in der Strömung verankert ist.This object is achieved according to the invention by a turbine unit consisting of one or more flow-through turbines and designed as a closed structural unit with a flow housing which is essentially anchored free floating in the current.
Die Verankerung kann beispielsweise durch Seile., erfolgen, die an vorhandenen Brückenpfeilern, an eigens für diesen Zweck errichteten Pfeilern oder an im Gewässer verankerten Bojen, Flößen oder Pontons angehängt sind. Dabei kann das schwimmende Turbinenaggregat zur Festlegung seiner Tiefenlage im Gewässer zusätzlich an einer frei schwimmenden Boje aufgehängt oder mit regelbaren Tiefenrudern versehen sein.Anchoring can take place, for example, by means of ropes which are attached to existing bridge pillars, to pillars specially constructed for this purpose or to buoys, rafts or pontoons anchored in the water. The floating turbine unit can also be suspended from a freely floating buoy in order to determine its depth in the water, or it can be equipped with adjustable depth rudders.
Die Verankerung des Turbinenaggregats kann auch an dem Floß oder Ponton direkt erfolgen.The turbine unit can also be anchored directly to the raft or pontoon.
Alle wesentlichen Regel- und Steuereinrichtungen sind zweckmäßigerweise im Aggregat selbst untergebracht. Die Kabel für die Stromabführung werden vorteilhafterweise gemeinsam mit den Verankerungsseilen geführt. Evtl. erforderliche Schalt-, Umspann- und Verteileranlagen sind in einer Uferstation vorzusehen. Zur Begrenzung seines schwimmenden Gewichtes, d. h. also zur Erhöhung seines Auftriebes, sollte das Aggregat mit Hohlräumen im Gehäuse versehen sein, die evtl. mit einem Kunststoff ausgeschäumt sein können. Dabei sollte diese Maßnahme zweckmäßigerweise soweit geführt werden, daß das Gesamt- gewicht des Aggregates im Wasser nur noch etwa 0,3 bis 1,0 t beträgt. Unter bestimmten Umständen kann es jedoch auch vorteilhaft sein, den Auftrieb größer als das Eigengewicht des Aggregats auszulegen, wodurch das Aggregat bei einer Störung der Tiefensteuerung aufschwimmen würde. Eine zweckmäßige Tie- fenlage für die Aufhängung des Aggregates liegt etwa zwischen -3 und -10 m.All essential regulating and control devices are expediently housed in the unit itself. The cables for current drainage are advantageously routed together with the anchoring cables. Possibly. Required switching, transformer and distribution systems are to be provided in a riverside station. To limit its floating weight, d. H. So to increase its buoyancy, the unit should be provided with cavities in the housing, which may be foamed with a plastic. This measure should expediently be carried out to such an extent that the total weight of the aggregate in the water is only about 0.3 to 1.0 t. In certain circumstances, however, it can also be advantageous to design the buoyancy to be greater than the dead weight of the aggregate, as a result of which the aggregate would float in the event of a depth control malfunction. An appropriate depth for the suspension of the unit is between -3 and -10 m.
Um das inbesondere in tropischen Flüssen auftretende Geschwemmsei und Treibgut von dem Turbinenaggregat fernzuhalten, ist das Strömungsgehäuse bei einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform auf der Einlaufseite mit einem schräg verlaufenden Rechen ver- sehen, der durch seine Schrägstellung einen Selbstreinigungs effekt hat, indem das aufgefangene Fremdgut durch die Schrägstellung nach oben oder unten abgeleitet wird.In order to keep the floating egg and flotsam, which occurs in particular in tropical rivers, away from the turbine unit, the flow housing in a preferred embodiment is provided with an inclined rake on the inlet side. see, which has a self-cleaning effect due to its inclination, in that the foreign matter collected is drained up or down by the inclination.
Durch die freischwimmende Befestigung des Turbinenaggregates ist es möglich, dieses sich einem schwankenden Wasserspiegel direkt anpassen zu lassen. Darüberhinaus dürfte es auch ohne besondere Schwierigkeiten möglich sein, eine erfindungsgemäße Anlage neben dem eigentlichen Fahrwasser anzuordnen, so daß die Schiffahrt in keiner Weise behindert wird. Der verringerte Wirkungsgrad der Rohrturbinen ist in Anbetracht der Größenverhältnisse zwischen Wasserführung und Energiepotential auf der Wasserseite und der in den meisten Fällen benötigten geringen Energie unerheblich.Thanks to the free-floating attachment of the turbine unit, it is possible to adapt it directly to a fluctuating water level. In addition, it should also be possible without special difficulties to arrange a system according to the invention next to the actual fairway, so that shipping is not hindered in any way. The reduced efficiency of the tubular turbines is insignificant in view of the size relationships between water supply and energy potential on the water side and the low energy required in most cases.
Zur Überholung und Wartung des Aggregates ist ein Herausheben des gesamten Systems aus dem Wasser, beispielsweise auf eine Pontonplatte vorgesehen und ohne Schwierigkeiten möglich. Mit der Erfindung ist es möglich, ohne großen baulichen Aufwand elektrische Energie kleiner bis mittlerer Leistung aus strömenden Gewässern zu gewinnen. Insbesondere sind die schwimmenden Anlagen auch für einen vorübergehenden Einsatz geeignet, bis sie nach entsprechender Zunahme des Strombedarfs durch fest installierte, größere Kraftwerke ersetzt werden können, sofern dies baulich überhaupt möglich ist.To overhaul and maintain the unit, the entire system is lifted out of the water, for example onto a pontoon plate, and is possible without difficulty. With the invention, it is possible to obtain electrical energy of small to medium power from flowing water without great structural effort. In particular, the floating systems are also suitable for temporary use until, after a corresponding increase in electricity requirements, they can be replaced by permanently installed, larger power plants, if this is structurally possible.
Weitere Merkmale, die sich insbesondere auf die technische Ausführung des Turbinenaggregates beziehen, sind in den Unteransprüchen enthalten.Further features which relate in particular to the technical design of the turbine unit are contained in the subclaims.
Im Folgenden wird die Erfindung unter Hinweis auf die beigefügten Zeichnungen im einzelnen noch näher erläutert. Darin stellen dar:The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. In it represent:
Figur 1 ein an einem in einem Flußbett verankertenFigure 1 an anchored in a river bed
Pfeiler angehängtes, schwimmendes Turbinen- aggregat;Floating turbine aggregate attached;
Figur 2 ein an einer in einem Flußbett verankertenFigure 2 an anchored in a river bed
Boje aufgehängtes Turbinenaggregat,Buoy suspended turbine unit,
Figur 3 einen schematischen Querschnitt durch ein aus einer einzigen Rohrturbine bestehendes Turbinenaggregat mit gegenläufigen Schaufelrädern und Generatorteilen;FIG. 3 shows a schematic cross section through a turbine unit consisting of a single tubular turbine with counter-rotating vane wheels and generator parts;
Figur 4 eine Vorderansicht des Aggregates nach Fig. 3, Figur 5 eine schematische, perspektivische Darstellung eines aus zwei nebeneinander angeordneten Durchströmturbinen bestehenden Aggregates.4 shows a front view of the unit according to FIG. 3, FIG. 5 shows a schematic, perspective illustration of an unit consisting of two flow-through turbines arranged next to one another.
Die in Figur 1 schematisch gezeigte Anlage zur Energiegewinnung besteht aus einem schwimmenden Turbinenaggregat 1, welches mittels Seilen 2 an einen Pfeiler 3 angehängt ist, der im Bett 4 eines strömenden Gewässers 5, beispielsweise eines grossen Flusses, verankert ist. Der Pfeiler 3 ist entgegen der durch die Pfeile angedeuteten Strömungsrichtung des Gewässers 5 zusätzlich mit einem Versteifungsseil 6 versehen, welches an einem Anker 7 im Flußbett 4 befestigt ist. Die Tiefenlage des Turbinenaggregates 1 im Gewässer 5 wird durch eine auf der Gewässeroberfläche frei schwimmenden Boje 9 bestimmt, an der das Turbinenaggregat 1 mittels eines Seiles 10 aufgehängt ist. An der der Strömungsrichtung zugewandten Vorderseite des Turbinenaggregates 1 ist ein gegen die Strömungsrichtung schräggestellter Einlaufrechen 11 zu erkennen. An seinem hinteren Ende ist das Turbinenaggregat mit Leitwerken 12 versehen, die die Achsiallage des Aggregates im Gewässer stabilisieren sollen und entsprechend geregelt sein können. Tiefenruder sind bei dieser Anordnungsart nicht erforderlich, da das Aggregat fest an der Boje 9 aufgehängt ist.The system for energy generation shown schematically in FIG. 1 consists of a floating turbine unit 1, which is attached by means of ropes 2 to a pillar 3, which is anchored in the bed 4 of a flowing water 5, for example a large river. In contrast to the direction of flow of the water 5 indicated by the arrows, the pillar 3 is additionally provided with a stiffening rope 6 which is fastened to an anchor 7 in the river bed 4. The depth of the turbine unit 1 in the water 5 is determined by a buoy 9 floating freely on the surface of the water, on which the turbine unit 1 is suspended by means of a rope 10. On the front of the turbine unit 1 facing the flow direction, an inlet rake 11 which is inclined against the flow direction can be seen. At its rear end, the turbine unit is provided with tail units 12, which stabilize the axial position of the unit in the water should and can be regulated accordingly. With this type of arrangement, deep rudders are not necessary, since the unit is fixed to buoy 9.
Eine andere Art der Aufhängung des Turbinenaggregates ist in schematischer Darstellung in Figur 2 gezeigt. Hier hängt das Turbinenaggregat 1 mittels Seilen 13 an einer auf der Gewässeroberfläche 8 schwimmenden Boje 14, die ihrerseits mittels eines Ankerseiles 15 auf dem Gewässergrund verankert ist. Da bei dieser Anordnungsart die Seile 13 verhältnismäßig lang ausgeführt sein müssen, ist eine zusätzliche Stabilisierung der Lage erforderlich. Hierzu dienen im Ausführungsbeispiel seitlich am Aggregat angeordnete Tiefenruder 16, die durch eine (nicht gezeigt) Regeleinrichtung im Turbinenaggregat gesteuert werden können.Another type of suspension of the turbine unit is shown in a schematic representation in FIG. 2. Here, the turbine unit 1 hangs by means of ropes 13 on a buoy 14 floating on the surface 8 of the water, which in turn is anchored to the bottom of the water by means of an anchor rope 15. Since the ropes 13 must be made relatively long in this type of arrangement, an additional stabilization of the position is required. In the exemplary embodiment, this is done by means of deep rudders 16 arranged on the side of the unit, which can be controlled by a control device (not shown) in the turbine unit.
In Figur 3 ist in vergrößertem, schematischem Schnitt ein für eine Anlage nach den Figuren 1 und 2 geeignetes Turbinen aggregat dargestellt, welches nur aus einer einzigen Durch- strömturbine besteht. Das Turbinenaggregat weist ein dem erforderlichen Strömungsverlauf in der Turbine angepaßtes Gehäuse 17 auf, in dem das eigentliche Aggregat 18 mittels radialer Verankerungen 19 und 20 befestigt ist. Das Gehäuse 17 ist mit einem doppelten Mantel 21 versehen, wobei der als Auftriebsraum vorgesehene Zwischenraum 22 zwischen dem Gehäuse 17 und dem Doppelmantel 21 mit einem Kunststoff ausgeschäumt sein kann. An seinem hinteren Ende ist das Gehäuse mit den bereits erwähnten Stabilisierungsleitwerkeπ 12 versehen. Am vorderen Ende ist der Einlaufrechen 11 angeordnet, der insbesondere auch in der Frontansicht Figur 4 sichtbar ist.FIG. 3 shows an enlarged, schematic section of a turbine unit suitable for a system according to FIGS. 1 and 2, which consists of only one single-flow turbine. The turbine unit has a housing 17 which is adapted to the required flow pattern in the turbine and in which the actual unit 18 is fastened by means of radial anchors 19 and 20. The housing 17 is provided with a double jacket 21, wherein the intermediate space 22 provided as a buoyancy space between the housing 17 and the double jacket 21 can be foamed with a plastic. At its rear end, the housing is provided with the stabilization stabilizers 12 already mentioned. Arranged at the front end is the inlet rake 11, which is also particularly visible in the front view in FIG. 4.
Das eigentliche Aggregat 18 besteht aus einem Strömungskörper 23, in dessen Innerem der Generator und weitere (nicht gezeigte) technische Ausrüstungen angeordnet sein können, und an dessen hinterem Ende in einer Verengung des Gehäuses 17 die Turbinenräder vorgesehen sind. Um die durch die Antriebsdrehmomente entstehenden Torsionskräfte auszugleichen, ist das dargestellte, nur aus einer einzigen Durchströmturbine bestehende Aggregat mit zwei gegenläufigen Turbinenrädern 24 und 25 versehen, die auf konzentrischen Wellen 26 und 27 angeordnet sind. Jede dieser Wellen 26, 27 treibt einen von zwei ebenfalls gegenläufigen Generatorteilen 28 und 29 an. Zusatzlich (nicht gezeigte) Steuer- und Regeleinrichtungen und dergl. können im Kopf des Strömungskörpers untergebracht sein.The actual unit 18 consists of a flow body 23, in the interior of which the generator and further technical equipment (not shown) can be arranged, and at the rear end of which the housing 17 narrows Turbine wheels are provided. In order to compensate for the torsional forces generated by the drive torques, the unit shown, which consists of only a single flow turbine, is provided with two opposing turbine wheels 24 and 25, which are arranged on concentric shafts 26 and 27. Each of these shafts 26, 27 drives one of two generator parts 28 and 29, which also run in opposite directions. Additional control devices (not shown) and the like can be accommodated in the head of the flow body.
In Figur 4 ist das Aggregat der Figur 3 in Vorderansicht gezeigt. Neben den bereits erläuterten Teilen des Aggregates sind hier zusätzlich Seitenflügel zu erkennen, 31, an deren Hinterseite die bereits erwähnten Tiefenruder vorgesehen sein können.In Figure 4, the unit of Figure 3 is shown in front view. In addition to the parts of the unit already explained, side wings 31 can also be seen here, on the rear side of which the aforementioned ailerons can be provided.
Die Figur 5 schließlich zeigt ein Aggregat, welches aus zwei nebeneinander angeordneten Durchströmturbinen besteht, deren Gehäuse durch Querstreben 32 und 33 untereinander verbunden sind. Bei dieser Ausführung ist es nicht erforderlich, die einzelne Durchströmturbine mit zwei gegenläufigen Läufern zu versehen. Zur gegenseitigen Kompensation der Drehmomente reicht es aus, wenn beide Durchströmturbinen mit jeweils gegenläufiger Drehrichtung betrieben werden. Finally, FIG. 5 shows an assembly which consists of two flow-through turbines arranged next to one another, the housings of which are connected to one another by cross struts 32 and 33. With this design, it is not necessary to provide the single flow-through turbine with two counter-rotating rotors. For mutual compensation of the torques, it is sufficient if both flow-through turbines are operated in opposite directions of rotation.

Claims

Ansprüche Expectations
1. Anlage zum Gewinnen von elektrischer Energie aus strömenden Gewässern unter Verwendung von Durchströmturbinen, gekennzeichnet durch ein aus einer oder mehreren Durchström- turbinen bestehendes und als geschlossene Baueinheit mit Strömungsgehäuse (17, 21) ausgeführtes Turbinenaggregat (1), welches im wesentlichen freischwimmend in der Strömung verankert ist.1. Plant for extracting electrical energy from flowing waters using flow-through turbines, characterized by a turbine unit (1) which consists of one or more flow-through turbines and is designed as a closed structural unit with a flow housing (17, 21), which is essentially free-floating in the Flow is anchored.
- 2. Anlage nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Turbinenaggregat (1) zur Verankerung gegen die Strömung des Gewässers mittels Seilen (2) an einem oder mehreren im oder am Gewässer (5) angeordneten Befestigungsvorrichtungen, insbesondere Pfeilern (3), angehängt oder verspannt ist. - 2. Plant according to claim 1, characterized in that the turbine unit (1) for anchoring against the flow of the water by means of ropes (2) on one or more in or on the water (5) arranged fastening devices, in particular pillars (3), attached or tense.
3. Anlage nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Turbinenaggregat (1) zur Verankerung gegen die Strömung des Gewässers mittels Seilen an im Gewässer (5) verankerten Bojen (14), Flößen oder Pontons angehängt ist.3. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the turbine unit (1) for anchoring against the flow of the water by means of ropes is attached to buoys (14), rafts or pontoons anchored in the water (5).
4. Anlage nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Turbinenaggregat (1) zur Verankerung gegen die Strömung des Gewässers (5) unmittelbar an einem oder mehreren im Gewässer schwimmenden Flößen oder Pontons befestigt ist.4. Plant according to claim 1, characterized in that the turbine unit (1) for anchoring against the flow of the water (5) is attached directly to one or more rafts or pontoons floating in the water.
5. Anlage nach einem der Ansprüche 2 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Turbinenaggregat (1) zur Festlegung seiner Tiefenlage im Gewässer an einer frei im Gewässer (5) schwimmenden Boje (9) aufgehängt ist.5. Plant according to one of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that the turbine unit (1) for fixing its depth in the water is suspended from a buoy (9) floating freely in the water (5).
6. Anlage nach einem der Ansprüche 2 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Turbinenaggregat (1) zur Festlegung seiner Tiefenlage im Gewässer mit regelbaren Tiefenrudern (16, 31) versehen ist.6. Installation according to one of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that the turbine unit (1) is provided with adjustable depth rudders (16, 31) for determining its depth in the water.
7. Anlage nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Stromableitungskabel zusammen mit den Verankerungsseilen (2, 13) zugeführt sind.7. Installation according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the current discharge cables are supplied together with the anchoring cables (2, 13).
8. Turbinenaggregat für eine Anlage nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es zur Erhöhung des Auftriebes im Wasser mit Auftriebskammern (22) im Strömungsgehäuse (17, 21) versehen ist, die auch mit Kunststoff ausgeschäumt sein können.8. Turbine unit for a system according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that it is provided to increase the buoyancy in the water with buoyancy chambers (22) in the flow housing (17, 21), which can also be foamed with plastic.
9. Turbinenaggregat nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Strömungsgehäuse (17, 21) einen doppelten Mantel (21) aufweist. 9. Turbine unit according to claim 8, characterized in that the flow housing (17, 21) has a double jacket (21).
10. Turbinenaggregat nach Anspruch 8 oder 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Einströmöffnungen durch Durchströmturbi nen mit mindestens je einem Rechen (11) mit senkrechten Stäben versehen sind.10. Turbine unit according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that the inflow openings are provided by Durchströmmturbi NEN with at least one rake (11) with vertical bars.
11. Turbinenaggregat nach Anspruch 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Rechen (11) gegen die Strömungsrichtung geneigt sind.11. Turbine unit according to claim 10, characterized in that the rakes (11) are inclined against the direction of flow.
12. Turbinenaggregat nach einem der Ansprüche 8 bis 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es mit geregelten Strömungsleiteinrichtungen (12) zur Stabilisierung seiner Lage in der Strömung versehen ist.12. Turbine unit according to one of claims 8 to 11, characterized in that it is provided with regulated flow guide devices (12) for stabilizing its position in the flow.
13. Turbinenaggregat nach einem der Ansprüche 8 bis 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es nur eine Durchströmturbine enthält, die mit auf konzentrischen Wellen (26, 27) angeordneten, gegenläufigen Schaufelrädern (24, 25) versehen ist, von denen jedes einen von zwei gegenläufigen Generator teilen (28, 29) antriebt.13. Turbine unit according to one of claims 8 to 12, characterized in that it contains only one flow-through turbine, which is provided with concentric shafts (26, 27), counter-rotating vane wheels (24, 25), each of which has one of two opposing ones Share generator (28, 29) drives.
14. Turbinenaggregat nach einem der Ansprüche 8 bis 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es zwei Durchströmturbinen enthält, die gegenläufig arbeiten.14. Turbine unit according to one of claims 8 to 12, characterized in that it contains two flow-through turbines which work in opposite directions.
15. Turbinenaggregat nach Anspruch 14, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Durchströmturbinen in horizontaler Anordnun im Abstand nebeneinander liegen und beispielsweise durch Querstreben (32, 33) untereinander verbunden sind. 15. Turbine unit according to claim 14, characterized in that the flow-through turbines in a horizontal arrangement are spaced next to one another and are connected to one another, for example, by cross struts (32, 33).
PCT/DE1980/000121 1979-08-22 1980-08-20 Plant for producing electrical power from a watercourse and turbine assembly for such a plant WO1981000595A1 (en)

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DE19792933907 DE2933907A1 (en) 1979-08-22 1979-08-22 PLANT FOR TAKING ELECTRICAL ENERGY FROM FLOWING WATERS AND TURBINE UNIT FOR SUCH A PLANT

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GR890100796A (en) * 1988-12-06 1991-03-15 Michel Laine Arrangement for electric energy generation using hydraulic energy
GB2256011A (en) * 1991-05-22 1992-11-25 I T Power Limited Floating water current turbine system
GB2256011B (en) * 1991-05-22 1995-12-13 I T Power Limited Floating water current turbine system
GB2283285A (en) * 1993-10-26 1995-05-03 Parker Limited Water powered generating apparatus
US5440176A (en) * 1994-10-18 1995-08-08 Haining Michael L Ocean current power generator
GB2311566B (en) * 1996-03-29 2000-07-19 I T Power Limited Column mounted water current turbine
WO2000042318A1 (en) * 1999-01-12 2000-07-20 Dehlsen Associates, Inc. A method of controlling operating depth of a device
GB2348250B (en) * 1999-02-24 2003-08-13 I T Power Ltd Water current turbine sleeve mounting
GB2348250A (en) * 1999-02-24 2000-09-27 I T Power Limited Pile mounted vertically displacable water turbine.
GB2348249B (en) * 1999-03-01 2003-11-05 John Richard Carew Armstrong Buoyant water current turbine
GB2348249A (en) * 1999-03-01 2000-09-27 John Richard Carew Armstrong Submersible water flow turbine with buoyancy chamber
WO2001034973A1 (en) * 1999-11-11 2001-05-17 Peter Alexander Josephus Pas System for producing hydrogen making use of a stream of water
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EP2118482A4 (en) * 2007-02-16 2013-04-10 Hydra Tidal Energy Technology As Floating device for production of energy from water currents
EP2118482A1 (en) * 2007-02-16 2009-11-18 Hydra Tidal Energy Technology AS Floating device for production of energy from water currents
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WO2009157778A2 (en) * 2008-06-27 2009-12-30 Hydra Tidal Energy Technology As Device for production of energy from currents in water
FR2960266A1 (en) * 2010-05-19 2011-11-25 Centre Nat Rech Scient Vertical-axis marine turbine for generating electricity, has flexible bearing structure bearing vertical-axis turbine units and comprising cable including strands interlaced with each other to resist torsional stress
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