Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
  • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
  • C25B15/00—Operating or servicing cells
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
  • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
  • C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
  • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
  • C25B3/00—Electrolytic production of organic compounds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
  • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
  • C25B3/00—Electrolytic production of organic compounds
  • C25B3/20—Processes
  • C25B3/23—Oxidation

Definitions

• the intermediate might be a nitrilium ion produced by anodic oxidation of a hydrocarbon, the nitrilium ion then being hydrolysed. Electrolysis, despite its advantages, has therefore not been available for syntheses relying on such intermediates as nitrilium ion in aqueous environments.
• a liquid-phase electrochemical reaction in the presence, in the liquid, of a solid trapping agent (such as a polymeric resin) separable from the liquid, which trapping agent bonds to a charged species produced at one electrode, so that the charged species is not further electrolysed or affected by the liquid.
• the bonded trapping agent may then (i.e. after the reaction, or, more generally, after sufficient reaction) be separated (by filtration or otherwise) from the liquid and regenerated, thus liberating a product derived (e.g. by hydrolysis contingent on the regeneration) from the charged species.
• the particles of trapping agent should be large compared with a molecule of the charged species so. that even if the particles (carrying bonded charged species) are jostled against the counter-electrode, only a negligible proportion of that charged species undergoes reaction there.
• the particles must also be large enough to be separable from the electrolyte. Since the trapping agent must therefore not be a solution or emulsion, and must be a solid of relatively large particle size, and since further it should have a functional group suitable for trapping the charged species (preferably not by an electrostatic ion-pairing effect, which would be reversible, but rather by a true chemical (e.g.
• the preferred trapping agent is a polymer resin such as a sulphonated polystyrene; this material will covalently bond to dissolved cations, such as may be produced at the anode of an electrolytic cell.
• the material may then be removed, most conveniently by filtration, from the cell and treated with an aqueous alkali (e.g. NaOH or KOH), when it liberates the cations, which are hydrolysed.
• an aqueous alkali e.g. NaOH or KOH
• the intermediate may be a nitrilium ion produced by anodic oxidation of a hydrocarbon, the nitrilium ion then being hydrolysed.
• Example 1 Production of Pentamethylbenzylacetamide Adamantane, dissolved in acetonitrile, was oxidized conventionally in an electrolytic cell (having a sintered glass frit divider) at a platinum anode using added tetra-n-butyl-ammonium fluoroborate (n-C 4 H 9 ) 4 NBF 4 (0.1M) as electrolyte.
• n-C 4 H 9 tetra-n-butyl-ammonium fluoroborate
• 0.1M tetra-n-butyl-ammonium fluoroborate
• a cation exchange resin carrying sulphonic acid groups available as Dowex 50W-X8 of size range 100-200 B.S. mesh).
• adamantane Upon oxidation, adamantane gives the 1-adamantyl carbonium ion, which on contact with the solvent gives the nitrilium ion.
• the nitrilium ion is trapped by the resin, that is, the negative sulphonate groups of the resin covalently bond the positive nitrilium ions.
• electrolysis the resin is recovered by filtration and is washed with acetonitrile.
• the desired product, N-1-adamantylacetamide is liberated readily by stirring the resin for 1 hour with sodium hydroxide solution (whereby the product is derived by hydrolysis of nitrilium ion) followed by ether extraction.
• the invention consists of carrying out a reaction by bonding molecules of a reagent to a solid trapping agent relatively immobile in the liquid, and performing liquid-phase electrolysis in the presence of the bonded trapping agent so that electrolytically produced species react with the bonded molecules to yield a product, without electrolysis of said molecules.
• Capture of a species in a counter-electrode chamber may reduce contamination of the working chamber by this species.
• a cell divider may suffice which permits mixing of catholyte and anolyte and only constrains mobility of the trapping agent, or in some cases cells may operate in the absence of a cell divider.
• a suitably activated electrode A smooth platinum electrode can be activated by a procedure involving treatment with acid followed by prolonged anodisation then cathodic reduction and a final anodic/ cathodic cycling process.
• a doped titanium dioxide electrode of the type used for commercial, dimensionally-stable anodes acts as a suitably activated anode.

Landscapes

• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Electrochemistry (AREA)
• Materials Engineering (AREA)
• Metallurgy (AREA)
• Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
• Electrolytic Production Of Non-Metals, Compounds, Apparatuses Therefor (AREA)
• Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
• Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)

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Publications (1)

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Citations (2)

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• 1979
  • 1979-02-09 JP JP50033679A patent/JPS55500078A/ja active Pending
  • 1979-02-09 WO PCT/GB1979/000029 patent/WO1979000613A1/en not_active Ceased
  • 1979-02-09 DE DE7979300206T patent/DE2961184D1/de not_active Expired
  • 1979-02-09 IE IE253/79A patent/IE47832B1/en unknown
  • 1979-02-09 EP EP79300206A patent/EP0003686B1/en not_active Expired
  • 1979-02-09 CA CA000321174A patent/CA1149325A/en not_active Expired
  • 1979-02-09 US US06/217,323 patent/US4377453A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime

Patent Citations (2)

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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