USRE8870E - Improvement in electro-harmonic telegraphs - Google Patents

Description

1E. GRAY, Assignor, by mesne assignments, to THE Humomc TELEGRAPH Co. Electra-Harmonic Telegraphs.

No. 8,870. Reissued Aug 26,1879.

IVITJVESSES' v INVENTOR I By his .dtfarneys V 1%. 7%.6M bmxmvww N. PETERS. PMla-Lillwgnphlr, Wzwhinllon. [7v 0.

the following is a specification.

jnndthe otherswere atres't, it1worked with athe 1fulI force of the whole main battery; 'When all U NIT-EDSTATES.

PATENT nLisnA GRAY, on cnioAeo', runners, ssrclion, nrMns'nn-nsfsiouirnurs TO THE IHABMONIO TELEGRAPH I M my ENT m V au-zcrno-HAR om'c'frELec HjsgI I .Spccificution forming part of Letters Patent No. 186,340,615 Januar 16, 18%: Reissue-No 18,810. I

, August 26,1879; npplicnt ion filed June 3, 18 78.

To'all whomit may concern! Be it known that I,ELIS1IA GRAY, of. Ohi-' cigo, in the county of Cook and State of fI -lli-' nois, have invented certain n w and useful improvements .in apparatus for transmitting and analyzing rhythmical" impulses, vihra tions, or waves represer'ltingv [musical impressions, sounds, or tones, of which improvement My invention is based upou,.and.'more es-' pecially relates to, an electro helmonic systemof multiple telegrephy heretoforefinvented by me, and described in snndry Letters. Patent of the United States granted tome duringthe ycars;1875 21nd 1876; 5 I g y "In an application 'for"'-Letters Patent of the United States filed by me 'Febrhary 23', 1875, fortransmitting musical vibrations by e1ec-- tricity, I have shown not only various devices for transmitting 'audreceiving rhythmical}? brat-ions representing musical impressions, sounds, or tones, but also one method of arranging an'electric' circuit .for producing the desired'result, including the relation of the mainbatteryto the line andlinstruments at both ends, and described the efl'ects produced, thisbeing-elso what isknown' as "an open In my pnoi; atents-;and in the application ebove'rnemtionedthe full force of the battery, was at. times exerted upon the '}line--th'a isto soy, whenone transmitter was employed the. transmitters thrown into" faction the sameelectro-motinieforcewasn t dividedamon g thein consequmitlytheempliinide of the vibrations-of any m (was dimin+ ished or'increesed' we number of tones simultaneouslysent'toQlihflthnstenderiinglanelysis atthe receiiihg-stetw; nifmore dif- 4 tonesof uniferniziunplitudefof wave, whether a'- grester or of-f such mannerthet eech "is for the transmission of-thevibrations constitutin g its own tone without reference to or draw ving upon the other. sections of the battery or opening the main circuit, and when not transmittin g the unemployed sections of the battery flow steadily to ,line' without afl'ecting the workingoijthe transmitters of the other sections. I

distinctive characteristics: First, the main .or primary circuit always. remains c1osed;.sec-

end, the combination, with saidoircuit, of a series of transmitters capalble of being'thrown i into or out of action-withoutinterrupting the p continuity of the'main current; third, the pas-- sage through this circuit of, a continuous or" n upted electric current which f-u i S g when an the; transmitters" a er'al coexistent simple vibrations; fonr'th, the

conversion of these conipositepr resultnnt electri Yibrutionsinto magnetic vibrations "of corresponding form by .meansjof. eletstro-L ,magnetism, this -lestr'esult bein'g' {by', keeping the ooreslofi the recei ving mfngnets eonstantly-chargedor magnetically polan lzdstate;

eiflcally will be designated;

5- 'Iahuve said that. my in,v'enti on amma tinuous current with apparatus for transmit, 'ting' rhythmical vibrations, which areconverte, ed at the receiving-station-intoeorresponding hut tl'i'et under noconglitions-described injthe operationv of; the ppparatus is .tliere a time when theref 's no'currentnpon the-line.

- My improvement possesses the-renewin quiescent, each transmitter 'whenin' operation.

- The subject-matter-cleinied hereinefterto a constantly-closed circuit End a con? magnetic vibreitions bymeens oi' cf'onstantiyja .4 r ti bers, current. necesssrilyofinniform strength, (the current, in fact, constantly varies in strength,)'

. I fhaveffo'und py e'se'ries of experiments f made before thefi lingflof the application (or the original 'ripon which this reissue is 2 a as based that a magnetin" 1a polarized or' con- 'stantly-charged oondition'is far more responsive "to electrical] vibrations-transmitted sectionswo'f the battery are in the main line,

although the'power from them is not in any sense put in vibration, and the only-function it performs is to keep the receiving magnet or magnets charged up to a certain degree of -magnetic tension, which renders the-magnet,

far more-susceptible of any additional electrical force that maybe superposed upon it. In

' my experiments above mentioned I found that where several tones are transmitted, each using a corresponding number of sections of battery in the -line-..sn ch, for instance, as shown in'the present case-that an independent means of keeping the receiving-magnet in a constantly-polarized state was unnecessary, as the magnets are kept in a sufliciently constant state of polarization in the manner hereinbefore described.

The accompanying drawing represents a- 1 have shown three transmitters, with their 4 batteries and; corresponding receivers at each end of the .line, so arranged as to transmit three messages each way simultaneously but a greater or less number of transmitters and receivers may be employed, and they might be so arranged as all to transmit one way instead of in opposite directions.

It is deemed unnecessary to describe in de tail here the construction of the battery, as

4 it forms no part of the subject-matter claimed, and any of the well-known batteries of the present day willvwork eii'ectivelywith my improved apparatus. a g V The construction of the transmitters and'reeeivers is fully set'forth and describedin' my Letters .Patent and application above mentioned and needs no reiteration here.

I Each battery is connected with its respective transmitter by a short-circuit or shunt wire. Starting with battery No: 1, G is the groundwire, connected at the plus (-F) pole of the battery, which battery is connected up in the ordmary way and runs to lineat. the other or minus end through the analyzing-receivers E 114' D2; The line connects at the other end through the analyzing-receivers C B A to the plus pole of the battery No. 2,-and ;.;ipasses threugir in the crdinary way to the ground-wire G at the minus pole of said battery. The circuit thus er is similar to I as that described in Letters Patent No. 165,728

'E' F, correspondently tuned, at the other end a screw of the transmitter A, at which point the ,in this instance, a shunting-point. The cir--- 'necteddirectly with the ends ofthe wire B,

1 and 2, forming part of the short circuit ofthe shunt-circuit around section 1-.wiJl becom- 'sets of vibrations are transmitted through the an ordinary Morse circuit closed, and witho'u r a key; or other means of making or breaking --A B0 represent six sets of transnitters, each;- set-being composed of a commoii opon-circuit Morse telegraphic key and a musicaL'tone-transmitten-such, for ijnstancr,

aforesaid, granted to'me July 20, 1875, forimprofvement in transmitters for electro=harmonic telegraphs.- These transmitters are all alike in construction but each one is tuned to a dif ferent pitch, and has a receiver, A B ()"D" of the line.

Each battery is divided into sections 1 2 3 4 5 6,-not bylseparating or disconne'cting'its cells, but by throwing a short-circuit or shunt wire around each section. For instance, the first short circuit of battery 1 consists of the'wires a b, second of tho wires b c, and the third of the wires 0 c',"and so on. The number of cells in each sectionds determined by the distance the tone is to be transmitted.v

Each shunt-wire runs through'its ownikey and vibrating. transmitter. For instance, in section 1 of battery '1, which is at. the-line end of the battery, a wire, (1, passes from the minus pole of the battery to one binding-- circuit divides, one branchconncctiug' to line L, and the other to the vibrating bar of the transmitter throughthebreak-point, which is,

cuit then passes to the other binding-screw, and thence to a key-lever.

The anvil or lower point of the key is conwhich forms the dividing-line between sections each section, and so on. Now, if the reed or bar of transmitter A be vibrated by'its local battery, (which is omitted from the drawing to avoid. complication, but the operation of which is well understood,) and the'key belonging to it, and in the same circuitwith it, bedepressed,

plet'ed every time the vibrating bar or reed makes contact with its break-point, thus produ'cin g a set of waves or electrical'vibrations throughoutthe line, the waves succeeding each other at the rate .per second correspondingto the vibrations of the transmitting reed or bar, which waves will induce corresponding impulses in all the magnets of a power approxi mating one-sixth of the whole battery.

It will be observed that when two or more circuit simultaneously the electro-motive force acting to produce a current at any given mo-- ment will depend upon thenumber of separate and distinct pulsations or vibrations which are being communicated to the line at that moment; and as the total resistance of the circuit remains, for all practical purposes, constant, the efiective strength of current traversing the circuit and capable of acting upon the receiving apparatus is constantly being -varied in a manner and to an extent precisely corresponding to the amplitude of the magnetic vibrations which itis desired to produce.

at the receiving-station. Although these magnetic impulses are produced equally in the- 4 cores of all the magnets in the circuit and-an equivalent mechanical action is exerted upon each one of the annaturcs of the several magnets, yet in the case just mentioned only the armature ofthe receiv r marked A .will respond operating its own section of battery. Each.

transmitter differs inpitch from every'other one and has its complement in its 'eorrespoiub' in g receiver. separate series of waves is always preserved,

and they may be reproduced at-the receiving station with absolute fidelity and accuracy.

,The utility'of the device has been'amply.

demonstrated .bypractical operation. elann as of my own invention electric circuit or main line and apparatus for producing two or more series of rhythmical Thus the individuality of each- .izibratlonsrepresenting musical impressions or sounds, or composite tones, so arranged as to throw said vibrations upon the main line without interrupting the continuity of its 'circuit.

before set forth, of a constantly-closed primary electric circuit or main line, apparatus for transmitting rhythmical vibrations representing sounds or tones capable of being thrown into or out of action without interrupting the continuity.- of the main-line circuit, and constantly charged or polarized electro-magnets included in the closed main circuit.

3. The combination, substantially as hereinbefore set forth, of a series of transmitters, each operated by a local battery, a main battery, a primary electric circuit or main line through which a continuous current flows from said battery, and shunt orshort circuits be tween the main battery and transmitters.

'4. The-combination, substantially as hereinbefore set forth, of a series of transmitters, a main battery connected therewith by short or shunt circuits, a closed primary electric circuit or main line through which a current continuously flows from the main battery, and a series of receivers included in the circuit.-

1 The combination, substantially as hereiny before set forth, of a constantly-closed primary 'ELIS-HA GRAY. Witnesses: WM. D. BALDWIN,

Wu; J Pux'rour' 2. The combination, substantially as herein-

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