USRE795E - Improvement in valve-cocks - Google Patents

Description

.improving the construction' of this valve that covered there will be a passage or passages PATENT OFFICE.

J; n. noniivsos AND H. s. ROBINSON, or CLINTON, MASSACHUSETTS.

MPROVEMENT IN VALVE-cocKs.

swimming iniming part qrLett'ei-s Patent No. 21,366, 'dateaaagast 31, 155s; Reissue No. v9.1, ama,

To all whom it 'may concern:

Beit known that we,'J.- R. ROBINSON and H. S. ROBINSON, of Clinton, in the county of Worcester and Stateof Massachusetts, have invented new and useful improvements on that form of valves in which one port in a vulve-chamber is covered and uncovered by a valve sliding in the arc of a circle, the said valve being made separate from its spindle, and being so fitted thereto that while the spindle forms the means hy which the valve is turned, the valve itself is free to move to and from the axis of the spindle, lowing is a specification.

. The valve when so placed as to uncover its port leaves a passage for the fluid around the valve and the valve-spindle from the inductionport in the valve-chamber to the ed action-port inthe saine. When the valve is 'so' placedV as to cover it's port in the valve-chamber,'it will' prevent the passage of a duldfrom" thejcha'm ber through the port that the valve cov'ers,b1 1t'V will not prevent its passage back through the port into the valve-chamber, as a pressure against the face of the valve will crowd7 (push or force) it from its seat, so as to let the viiuid pass around the valve into the valvechaniber and out through the other port.

The nature ot' the invention consists in s0 when itv is in` position to leave its portsunfrom the induction port or ports in the valvei chamber to the eduction port or ports in the same through the valve and the valve-spindle, thereby causing less friction to the steam, water, air, illuminating or other gas, or other elastic or non-elastic iluid passing through it, and thus obviatiug loss of pressure or head; and, moreover, in so 'constructing the valve that when it is in position to cover its ports it will prevent the llow of ailuid from the valvechamber through either of the ports alternatel v,so lenga-s the spindle remains untur-ned f and, also, in so constructing it. that the springs which hold the separate parts of the valve against their seats shall not act on the spindle g to force it from its center of motion.

To enable others skilled in the-art to make and use our invention we will proceed to Adef scribe its construction and operation; and we do hereby ticolare that the following is a. full 5 of which the foland exact description thereof, reference being had to the acconpanyingdrawings, and to the letters of reference marked thereon".

The accompanying' drawings represent one ticalsection Fig.;3, a longitudinal horizontal.

section, and Fig. 4 a vertical crosssecton.

The sam'e letters of reference are 'made use of to indica-te the same parts throughout.

cate, as shown, with the cylindrical chamber formed in the casing. Into this chamber is accurately fitted the valve B, divided vertically. into two separateand equal portions, The thoroughfare b `e passes through the-valve B',A and. alsothrough the rectangular blade E,'- formal-on the valvefspi-ndIe-G, willich its sides fitted loosely into vertical recessesor, grooves D, formed in the respective halves'of the valves,and constitutes the means whereby any, circular movement given to the spindle is' i imparted vto them. The part d of the valvespindle C. which is situated 'above the blade E passes through and is capable of turning freely in a stuing-box or gland, J, formedl in the cover H of the cylindrical valve-chamber,

the lowerportion, c, (beneaththe blade,) being, like the upper portion, cylindrical'in form, and working in a suitable recess or cavity formed in the bottom of the valvechamber, as shown.

The helical springs passing through holes'iu the blade of the spindle bear against and ale compressed between the bottoms of` therecesses or grooves D, formed in the separate i halves ofthe valves, which (the halves) they hence tend to force asunder vand keep in coiltact with the facing or interior surface of the chamber, thereby following up the wear of the g valve and facing, and maintaining an accurate fit between them.

The Valve, in the position represented in the drawings, is wide open, the thoroughfare b e coinciding with the ports a a and forming a straight passage through the valve and valvespindle, from port to port, as before stated.`

It will readily be seen that on turning the valve by means of its spindle into a posit-ion at right angles to the one represented,l the a a represent the ports formed in o r withfthe outer casing, A, of the valve, and communi:

.ports a' 'a 'win b eo'vereahe valve being made sufficiently large in diameter, with relal Ation to the size of the ports' and thoroughfare,-

not only to allowcover forthe ports, but also to allow asufticient amount of lapbe) ond thelr edges'to prevent leakage. The blade E of the spindle is` made somewhat thickerV than the diameter ofthe upper end of lthe spindle, or otherwise may have .a small collarformed z thereon ,thereby constitu tin g a shoulder which,

without-being intended to'act as a perfect joint with the cover H, will serve to check a I' low of fluid .outward from the valvechamber around the spindle whenever it may be neces` y v'sary to' renew the packing of the stuffing-box or .gland J while the valve is; under pressure.

lt is also. to be observed that the length of the valve B and blade E are made slightly less than that ofthe valve-chamber, 'in order that. they mayfnot become boundA or .fixed therein (by expansion) whenvrtheir'tempera- Iture exceeds that of the valve-casing. For

`the same reason the diametersot theoylindrica-l portions of the spindle G are made corre'- It will be obvious, oninspeciion of the drawings, that the springs inthe absence'of pressure on the valves, will keep bothl halves thereof in contact with the interior facing' of the valve-chamber, as also that by being passed through holes in the blade E,as described, all pressure or strain of the springs 4upon the journals of the spindle isavoided, which result-may otherwise be-arrived at by ivarious mechanical coutrivances or by introp dncing any equal springs of convenient form between the separatepieces of t-he valve and `spondingly less than those ofthe respective d Vholes in the casing A and 'cover' H4 in which l they work.

thevalvesiiiindle. l'n valves made-in separate parts with-spriugs'arranged lsubstantially as l described, the journals of' the spindle, being f` entirely relieved from all side strain, will retain their perfect form lmuch longer than where a-n unequal pressure is 'thrown on the spindle,

as in thecommon round sliding valve.

It will now be seen that the forni of valve constructed in separate pieces, similarly as den scribed w-ith'reference to the accompanying? drawings, embodies that feature ofthe invention whichv has reference to the prevention ot' the flowof-a iiuid from the valve-chamber through either of the ports alternately so long as the spindle remains unturneih' For itis obvious that when theposition ofthe spindle is suc-l1 as'to bring the faces ofthe valve so as to cover the ports a a, a` pressure entering at either one or other of the ports will crowd or force that portion otl the valve which covers a the port in question backward from its seat, thereby allowing the tlnid to pass into the chamber, where its pressure being upon the back of that part ot' the valve which covers the opposite port will press it to its seat and prevent the escape of the fluid f1 om the chamber. y

i. valvechamber. y i p In all cases, whether having one or more In order to prevent a vibration or chattering of the parts, whichl wouldotherwise be' likely to occur at times when the valve was but little open, the induction end h ot' the thoroughfare b is 'made somewhat larger than i the ed uction end of thesam e, thereby causing the inductionport to be slightly open tothe valve-chamberrbetore the opposite or eduction-portv has commenced opening. for the egress ot' the fluid therefrom. To insure de- 'riving the advantage of this arrangement in,

'cases where the valve'is to be moved by hand, a pointer or arrow is placed on the spindle, (or on the arm or wheel by which the spindle is to be turned)pointing in the direction in which it is intended to have the uidilow through the valve, which pointer, in connec v tion with the words open and -shut,7 yory other symbol, or otherwise with 4fixed stopsA placed upon the cap H or casin g A, renders the working vof the valve extremely simple.

To insure the free lmovement of the two parts of the valve upon the blade E of the spindle it is essential thatY the faces ot those parts `wear, equally on both sides of aline ydrawn from the centerof the spindle, paral-l lel with the sides of the blade. It is hence ynecessary that they should have the same amount of bearing-surface on each side ofthe line named. To effect this as `much bearingsu-rface is added at i as will compensate for that taken od' at li.

It' it is wished to have the valve open and close its ports `with less movement ofthe spindle than that required inthe construction shown in the before-.mentioned figures-'asffor example, when thevalve is used as a steam or exhaust valve to a steam-engine-'the size of the valve must be varied in proportion to the -width ot' the ports, either by making the ports narrower and longer or byincreasing the diameter of. the valve 4while the ports remain unaltered. In this construction of' the valve the passage through the spindle will not be at right angles tothe sides of the blade, as in the drawings, but will vary more or less from that angle, according as the valve is proportioned to open its ports with a greater or less motion vof thespindle.

When it is desirable to open the ports -with still less motion of the spindle, ltwo or more passages are formed through the 'valve connecting corresponding ports 4formed in the passa-ges through the. valve and spindle, or through the valvev alone, the passage or `passages ntust be placed atsuch an angle with the sides of the blade of the spindle, as'to)V Vinsure free movement ot' the several parts of the valve thereon Vby having, as before explained, `an equal amount of bearing-surface on either side of a line drawn from the axis ot' the spindle parallel to the sides of the blade, or, inV other words, the valves are always to bc'so constructed that'when theV ports are vcovered andv there is the same l either direction so long as the spindle remains amount of lap at either side of each of them the position of the blade of the spindle shall be such that a line drawn from the center of the induction port or ports, or from the center ct the eduction port or ports, to the center ot' the valve-spindle shall run parallel to the sides ofthe blade thereof'.

1u some cases itis required to have the valve so constructed that when closed it shall stop the flow of a iiuid through it in one direction onlyas -ior the purpose ot relieving a steam-engine cylinder from water by the ure on the other side, otherwise the liquid isv vulve being forced from its seat and permitting the egress ot' the water, or for the p urpose ot a-n exhaust-valve to a non-condensing steam-engine, so that when the pressure in the cylinder runs below that in the exhaustpipe the steam thereinmay force the valve t'rom its seat and pass around it to the cylinder. In these and other similar instances the l valve is either made in one piece and kept to l its seat, iu the absence ot' pressure by springs interposed between the valve and the spindle, in the usual manner, or, if in order to remove the pressure of vthe springs from the spindle, the valve be. made in separate pieces, it is constructed so that the part which is presented to the induction port or ports in the valve-chamber when the valve is closed is formed with a face which does not cover the outside the port, thus leaving a space for the t' one piece has the advantage over the common sage between the induction and eduction ports of the valve-chamber,or, when lso required, ot' t on one side of the valve, when closed, butin case of a vacuum being formed in the steampipc, to guard against the atmospheric press-1 liable to be forced past the valve into-the steam-pipe.'

, It is, however, to be observed that we do not contineoursehes to valves made in separate pieces and that the improved valve made in form of round sliding valves ot` giving a stra-ight instead ot'a curved or crooked pas-v having two or more. straight passa-ges from separate induction-ports in the valvech`amber y to separate eductiou-ports in the same. .When

made in separatepieces, `it v has in addition .to

the stra-ight passage the further advantage of withstanding a pressure from either direction alternately, so long as the spindle remains unturned, as also of entirely removing g the pressure of the springs from the same.

l When made as described, for a steam-engine, A

it has the combined advantages ofthe straightV said port or ports, but has bearing-surfaces at g passage and of removing the side strain of the or nearthe ends or extremities ofthe valve,vl

chamber, andv causing the valveI to allow the f tlow of a tluid iirone direction, while stopping it in the other. When usedas au exhaust valve to a steam-engine, and whether made in one or more pieces, it is constructed so as to have as little waste space as possible in each stroke of the engine.

diii'erences exist between plug-cocks and: valves constructed according to the present springs from' the-spindle, .while retaining the capability, when closed, ot' stopping a ilow passage oiutluid between itselt'and the valvethrough it in one direction only.

We are aware that plug-cocks have straight passages through them wheuopen, but many I invention. Some of these may be pointed out.

have previously been made with a `lnindle separate from the valve, and fitting into it, so as to leave the valve i'ree to move toward or from the axis of the spindle; but the passage i'or the fluid in such valves has not been straight through the valve and spindle, as in the improved form described, but haspassed around them between the valve and the valveehamber, (the chamber forming one side of the passage,) and has consequently been curved or crooked in form. Such valves have,

Although it is important sometimes to havethe valve when closed stop a ilow trom one direction only, there are many ca ses in which,

should he able to prevent a lilow through itin Thus, plug-cocks, in order to be tight,` must the valve-chamber to he tilled with steam at stop the ilow ot a iluid atthe induction-port of the case, and the ping has tobe' drawn or We'nre aware that round sliding valves pressed into t-he case with such force that it requires great power to move it, apart from that necessary to overcome the friction caused cocks are used to stop the ow ot' hot fiuids) often causes it tostick fast, and so great is the trouble arising from this cause that plug- 4 cocks of large size are of very little value for stopping or regulating the flow of iiuidsat high or variable temperatures.

y Now. it has beenshown that the valve which forms the subject of this invention does not stop the tiow of ajluid through it by sliding a face over the induction port or ports in thc valve-,chamber and holding itthere, but effects thesame by sliding a t'ace over the edctiou port or ports therein, and that it is so constructed l'as-to provide for the greater expansion of the valve than of the case, in the line when the valve is used as a stop-valve, it

of .the diameter, by leaving the valve free to move upon the spindle and by the yielding'ot `the s rin s and in the direction of its ieneth p s e by making the valveand blade ofthe spindle shorter than the valve-clminber.

It will also be apparent that the only rcsistanee to the motion of the'vaLve in opening' or closing its ports, in addition to the slight friction caused b v the packingv in the gland and the friction ofthe springs7 is that caused by the Vpressure of the Huid; and lastly, the wear ofthe valve-faces is automatically eompensated for by the freedom of the seliarate parts' to niove upon the blade of the spindle.

In this specific-tion the description has with sonie few ex eptions been confined to the form of vaiveexhibited in the drawings. It

is evident, however, thatmany changes may -be made. in the form and number of the parts VVha-t we cia-im as our invention-7 midwish to secure by Letters Patent, is f 1. The method of eonstruetin g va1ves,va1ve l cocks, andv gates, substantially as specified, so

i I i P ivhich embed)T the invention herein described f without in any way depart-ing from tsspirit. y

that when the portor ports therein are uncovered there shall be a straight passage or passages from the induction port or ports in f' the valve-chamber to the eduetion porter ports in the. same, for the purposes described, whether the valves in such Valves, valveeooks, and gates are made in one or more their one pieee. v

2. M akin g the valves in valves, valve-cocks, and gates -in separate or detached pieces, substantially as and for the purposes described.

` LR. ROBINSON. Witnesses: H. S. ROBINSON.

J. T. DAME, l

EZRA SAWYER.

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