USRE7863E - Improvement in regenerator-furnaces - Google Patents

Description

4 Sheets Sheet 1.

C. W. SIEMENS. REGENERATOR-FURNACES.

Reissued Aug. 28, 1877.

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No. 7,863, Rissued Aug. 28,1877.

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4 Sheets-Sheet 3 C. W. SIEMENS. REGENERATOR-FURNACES.

No. 7,863. Reissued Aug. 28, 1877.

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4 Sheets -Sheet4.

C. W. SIEMENS. v REGENERATOR-FURNACES.

Reissued Au 28, 1877'.

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' To all whom it may concern UNwwn Q ATES PATENT UFFIQE.

IMPROVEMENT IN REGENERATOR-FU RNACES.

Specification forming part of Letters Patent. No. 89,441, dated April 27, 186.); Reissue No. 7,863, dated August 28, 1877 application filed December 5, 1676.

DIVISION B.

' t the gas-passages. Fig. 4 is a front elevation. Be it known that I, CHARLES \YILLIAM Fig. 5 is a sectional plan taken on line 19 19,

SIEMENS, of Westminster, county of Middle- Fig. 1.

sex, England, have invented certain lmprovc- In the regenerative gas-furnace the gas and ments in Regenerative Gas-Furnaces. air employed are separately heated by the The followingdescription,taken in conneowaste heat of the flame, by means of what not t li 'the accompanying plate of drawings, are termed rcgcnerators, placed usually behereinafter referred to, forms a full and exact ucath the furnace. These are four separate hams 1t uown as r4: genera tive gas fnrnaccsytor were granted on the 1st day of March, 1364;

specification, wherein are set forth the nature chambers, G (3 E E, carefully built of fireand principles of the invention, by which the brick, and the wall whitewashed inside, so as same may be distinguished from others for to avoid any leakage from one chamber to the which Letters Patent have heretofore been other. They are worked in pairs, so that; one granted, together with such part thereof as I pair, 0. (J E, is being constantly heated by claim as new and desire to secure by reissued the products of combustion on their way to Letters Patcntof the United States. the chimney, while the other pair, t) E, is

My invention relates to that class of furgiving up the heat so obtained to the. incom- "lhese four chambers are nned with firebrick, or other refractory and suitable material, stackcd loosely together. The waste gases from thei'urnace are drawn down through which Letters -Patent ot' the United States and the nature there-of consists, iirst., in so constructing the air and gas regenerators that 'thc arithmetical ratio oi the space occupied one pair of regcnerators, and heat the upper tionsecondl' in the arran emcnt of. the

by the airregenerators and the space occurows of bricks to a temperature little short pied by the gas regeuerators, as measured by of that in the furnace itself. They theln pass cubic units, shall'bc substantially the same as 1 over cooler surfaces, and escape at leugth to the ratio of the volume of air and the volume 1 the chimney-flue nearly cold. The current of of gas required to insure complete combushot gases is continued down through this pair ilues leadingt'iom the rt-generatm's to the furl the top is uniformly heated to a temperature nace, whereby the heated air is introduced l ncaily equal to that of the entering gas, the into the furnace at a level superior to that heat of the lower portion decreasing {gradat which the gases enter; thirdly, in combinually downward at a rate depending on the ing with the regenerators a series of partitionvelocity of the current and the size and arwalls, for the purpose of separating the airrzmgcment of the bricks. The direction of uutila considerable depth of brick-wor near t fines trom the gas-fines and. arranging them the dratt is then reversed, the current of 1 parallel to each other; fourtbly, in the method heated waste gases is employed to heat up of supporting the furnace by means of buckthe second pair of regenerators, and the gas staves and tic-rods passing through the yenand air entering the furnace are passed in 'tilating space below the furnace-bottom; the opposite direction through the first pair,

fifthly, in combining with the regenerative and, coming into contact, in the first ini'urnacc a ladle, mounted on wheels, for 001- stance, with the cooler,.brick-work below, are looting and thoroughly mixingthemoltcnniagradually heated as they ascend, until at terial bcl'ore pouring, substantially as herein some distance from the top they attain a described. A temperature nearly equal to the initial heat in the accompanying plate of drawings, in of the, waste gases, and passing up into the which corresponding parts are designated by furnace meet and at once ignite, producing a similarletters,Figure ldenotes a longitudistrong flame, which, after passing through nal section of the furnace. Fig. 2 is a transthe heating-chamber, is drawn down to heat verse section on line 1616, Fig. 1. Fig. 3 repthe second pair of regc-nerators, and'thencf: resents a rear elevation and a section through passes to the chimney-flue. The tempera ture attained by the ascending gas and air rclllllIlS practically constant, for while one pair of regeneratorsis being heated the other pair is correspondingly cooled. The air and gas thus flow in a natural manner, being heated as they ascend, and cooled in their descent, so that an artificial draft is only required to draw off the waste gases from the 1 egencrators.

By reversing the direction of the draft at suitable intervals, nearly all the heat is retained in the furnace that would otherwise be carried off by the products of combustion.

W'hen the heat of the furnace is not abstracted continually by work performed in the heatingchambcr, the temperature necessarily increases after each reversal, as only a very small fraction of the heat generated is carried off to the chimney by the waste gases.

The gas and'air in rising through the regencrator are heated to a temperature nearly equal to that which the flame had when passing down, and when they meet and burn in the furnace theheat of combustion is added to that carried up from the regenerators, and the flame is necessarily hotter than before, and raises the second pair of regenerators to a higher heat. On again reversing, this higher heat is connnunicated to the gas and air passi g in, and a still hotter flame is the result.

The advantages of a furnace of the con struction above described are that the heat can be raised to an almost unlimited deg-rec;

that the flame can be made, at will, oxidizing,

neutral, or reducing; that indraft of air and mutin -flames are avoided 5 and that the gaseous fuel is free from ashes, dust, and other imyuril ics.

in order to render these advantages thoroughly a' 'ailablc for metallurgical furnaces, to produce a heating-flame of the proper length and direction, to mix the air and gas at the very point at which the heat is required, or where it is taken up at once by the materials to be heated or fused, to throw the in st intense heat upon the charge, to make the bed of the furnace sufficiently refractory, to prcvtnt the mixture of air and gas until they reach the interior of the heatingcham her, to construct the gas'and air regeuerators of proper size in reference to each other, to prevent bad effects arising. from expansion,'and in facilitate the working of the regenerators by means of improved valves, Ilia've'fouud by actual experiment that. a. regenerativegasfurnace difl'crent'in construction and operation from that heretofore patented by myself and 'hrcderick Siemens is necessary.

Having reference to the accompanyingdrawin gs, I will proceed to describe a regenerative gi-isfurnace having the, in'iprovements protected by the present Letters Patent applied thereto.

The regenerative; gas-furnace, as shown in the drawings, built of fire-brick or other suitable refractory material, and consists of chamber.

the four regc'ncrators with their lines and valves, and the heating-chamber where the metallurgical operations are carried on.

The four regenerators are arranged in pairs and vary in size, the smaller being used for the passage of gas, and the larger for that of air, their proportions being in the ratio of two to three approximately. These ratios correspondto the quantities of gas and air required to insurecomplete combustion in the heatingmay take place from one chamber to another. These chambers are filled with refractory material, by preference flrebrick stacked loosely together, and each regenerative chanr' ber has its own separate flue at the base communicating with the valves by which the gas and air enter or the products of 'combustion pass out, while from the top or side of.

each regenerative chamber aflue passes upward and communicates with the heatingchamber; and I prefer to cause the air to enter the heating-chamber above the gas, as by. its superior specific gravity, at equal tempera tures, it tends to sink through the gas, andthus an intimate mixture and more perfect" combustion are obtained. I

The entering or issuing gaseous currentspass through, valves, which are shown at' X in Figs. 2,-and 3. Each valve consistsofthre parts,.viz., a. central piece, wherein is placed ther'eversingvflap which directs the course of thecurrents, andabovewhich is the throttle:

valve which regulates the admission of gasi and air, and twoside boxes, Z Z, furnished with;

covers Z Zv for cleaning. purposes. These sideboxes Z Z are placed between the tines leading to or from the regenerators and the chimneyfiue, and in practical working they are'of great service, inasmuch as they simplify construction, and preventv overheatin g and consequent warping of the revcrsingflaps. Thus leakage is avoidcd,.the currents-are kept separate, and their reversal easily efl'ected.

The heating-chamber, where the metallurgical processes are carried-on, has its roof and sides constructed of highly refractory mate.

gas-regencrator chamber 0. The currents of gas and air, both quite cold, rise separately through the regcnerators G and E, and pass up throughthe fines or series of tines G- GG and The walls of the regenerators are built of fire-brick, or other suitable refractory I material, closely laid and whitewashed, or otherwise made gas-tight, so that nov leakage" Fl F F, respectively, into the furnace above, where they meet and arelighted, burning and producing a moderate heat.

The gas-fines G G G, communicating between the regenerator C and the furnace, are. separated from the air-fines F F F F, leading to the regenerator E by a series of partitionwalls, P, and the partition-walls S between the air-flues and the furnace are extended upward in such manner that the currents of air from the regenerator IE will enter the furnace above the currents of gas from t-hcregencrator 'U. The products of combustion pass away through a similar set of fines at the other end of the furnace into the regenerator-chanibers J E,and thence through properly-constructed fines and valves to the chimney-flue. The waste heat is thus deposited in the upper courses of open fire-brick work, filling the chambers C E, and heats them up, while the lower portion and he chimney-flue are quite cool; then after a suitable intcrval, the reversingtiaps,thr0ugh which the air and gas are admitted or withdrawn from the furnace, are reversed, an d the air and gas enter through those regcnerator-chambers E U which have just been heated by the waste products of combustion, and in 'passin up through the chcckerwvork they become heated, and then, on mectingand entering into combustion in the furnace 1), they produce a very high temperature, the waste heat from such higher telnperatureof combustion hcating up the previouslvcold regeneratnrs (l lfl tea c rresponding higher heat. Thus an accumulation of heat and an accession of temperature are ohtained step by step, so to speak, until the furnace is as hot as is required. The heat is 't resume time so thoroughly abstracted from i the products of combustion by the regenerators that the chimney-line remains comparavely cool. The command of the temperature of the furnace and of the quality of the flame is rendered complete by means of gas and air regulating valves and by the chimney-damper.

Having thus described myinvention, I claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent, of the United States- 1. A regenerative gas furnace in which the air-regenerator is as much larger than the gasregeneratoras the volume of air required to insure complete combustion is larger than the volume of gas.

2. A regenerative gas-furnace in which the air is introduced at a level superior to that at gas and air flues are arranged above the gasregenerators.

5. A regenerative furna-cein which-the partitionwalls between the air-fines and the turnace, the partition-wall between the fines and thc'ventilating space, and partition-walls between the air and. gas regeuerators are arranged in the same vertical plane.

6. A regenerative gas-furnace in which the tie-rods are passed through the ventilating space below the furnace-bottom, as and for the purposes describeda .7. A ladle mounted on wheels, in combination with the regenerative gasfurnace, as and for the purposesdescrihed.

In testimony that 'I claim the foregoing I have hereunto set my hand and seal this 26th day of June, 1876.

G. WILLIAM Witnesses:

- OnAs. Rooms, G. D. DAVIES.

SIEMENS. [.L. s}

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