USRE7829E - Improvement in machines for crushing meal - Google Patents

Description

3 Sheets-Sheet 1.

F. WEGMANN.

M MACHINES FOE CRUSHING MEAL.

N0. 7,829. Reissued July 31,1877.

Jay. 2.

$00M; m ZZ Maw z 3 Sheets-Sheet 2.

F. WEGMANN. MACHINES FOR cnusmne MEAL.

N0. 7,829. Reissued'luly 31, 1877.

BSheets-SheetS. F. WEGMANN. MACHINES FOR CRUSHING MEAL No. 7,829. Reissued July 31,1877.

or into a box,and is,

- miildliugs into dour.

s v JnsM' complish this, supplemental hoppers B .B are arranged to cover the crushing-rolls, being mounted for that purpose upon the box (J, sccured between or upon the frame-standards. These supplemental hoppers extend in close proximity to, and deliver the meal directly between, the crushing-rolls, and, besides, serve to protect them from dirt and dust.

At their outer edges these hoppers are provided with curtains D, which serve toclose the open sides of the receiving-box G, and allow access thereto for examination of the meal or flour as it passes from the crushingrolls. (latches or fastenings E serve to confine the curtains to the sides of the box, as shown in Fig. 7.

Thcse snpplemental hoppers and their cuttains are made removable for ready access to the crushing-rolls when desired.

The meal is delivered from the snpply-hoppers over the feed-rolls in a sheet, and falls down into the supplemental hoppers, the space between the two hoppers being unobstructed, which serves to cool the meal issuing from the l'eedqolls. These 'fced'rolls may he operated by bands from the crushing-rolls, in any suitable way.

The smoothed, pressed meal passes from the crushing-rolls either to an Archimedean screw after intense sifting, at once turned partly into flour ready for use, and partly, without any further operations, as heretofore, into clean fine bran.

The machine will only work quietly and with satisfactory results when the squeezingrolls are exactly cylindrical, as hard as possible, and very finely polished, constructed with porcelain or china surfaces.

I have found e'hilled cast-iron somewhat suitable; but even that in time gets out of truth and loses its fine surfaces. Metal altogether is not suitable, because the flour gets colored by it. I therefore prefer to coat the rolls with china or porcelain lining, put onto the iron rolls with putty, and finely turned with diamond tools.

I am aware that grinding-surfaces have been commonly com posed'of material containing so much silica that the flour will not be discolored; but there is a material dili'ercnce between the action of grinding and crushing surfaces. The former depends upon the rough and broken condition of the surface called the millstone-dress, whereby the cells and fibers are torn asunder, while the latter depends upon the smoothness and polish of crushingsurfaces, whereby the cells and fibers are crushed and broken down, and for this purpose the china or porcelain rolls have been found to give the best results and most important advantages.

The principle adapted is that of a sqneezing action, instead of the tearing action now used under millstones for the reduction of This principle is not new, as cast-iron or steel rol ers have been used for the purpose,

with china or and adapted to eachother by justed by set-screws. did not achieve a perfect reduction of the granular particleshniddlings orsemolins) into flour. Moreover, owing tothe want of an equal porous surface, the meal comingffroln these rolls was caked, and could not be easily sifted without undergoing a further disintegrating process before being ready for sifting,

absorbed in driving them, so that ironrollers for treating middlings are not desirable.

The lain rolls is of vital importance, and, owing to their peculiar action, produce a very su i'erior quality of flour, and the baking q'nallty. is raised by the perfectly-cool grinding and the granular a superior quality of flour, both in .color and strength.

There is no perceptible wear in the porcelain rolls for years, able to cut the surface.

These rolls action, as no loss of time is incurred by stonedrcssing, &c.

gards fire, as no heating occurs should the rolls run empty, while by theirwus'e a great,

saving of motive power is effected. Those rolls effect a complete separation of the bran, the germ, and the membrane particles. The flour itself is finally flour so produced will not, even during fermentation, loose its color;

By the use of these rolls I am also enabled to obtain flour of a very fair qualityont 0f middlings' or sharps, which could not be ad vantageously ground by millstones or treated hy iron rolls, owing to their low qualities- I have stated that I prefer tocoat the rolls porcelain lining put onto iron rollswith putty, and finely turuedwith dia mond tools. I mean by this that the crush ing-surfaces of the rolls are of china or porcelain, rendered perfectly smooth" and true by being turned with diamond tools to reduce the surface to true cylinders; and that such chinaor porcelain coating is put onto a metal core by an interposed 11011;: conducting bed, as shown in Fig. I

The object of this is to combine, in rolls for treating meal on porcelain surfaces, a metal core or shaft and a non-conducting layer or bed interposed between the metal and the porcelain coating. This interposed bed is a non-conductor of heat witbiu'certain limits. it also forms a base almost free from expansion and contraction. It is very slow to give off acquired heat, or to acquire it. It deadens beari n gs. ad- However, such machine by rubbing the I meal. Y Then the peculiar porous surface of the porcc shape of the flour, which also gives the diamond alone being admit of continuous working They give great safety 1e 1 ground pure and ready for use, while, by the separation and flatten 'ing of" the cells containing the cereals, the

wherefore it is suitable for export and for storing.

the transmission of vibrations or shocks. lt forms a perfect medium as between the unequal contraction and expansion of the metal core and the porcelain coating or 'eyliuder. It is within certain limits elastic, and is an important element, in connection with porcelain-surfaced rolls, for crushing meal to increase the yield of flour.

I claimv 1. The combination, in a machine for preug flour or meal, of orushiug-rolls constructed with unbroken surfaces of porcelain or equivalent silicious substance.

2. One or'more rolls a, and corresponding rolls d, thelatter being supported on piusf,

resting in slots, and fulcrumed upon the points of adjusting-screws s, and pressed against the former automatically, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

3. In a machine for preparing flour or meal,

and in combination with the other operative members thereof, the crushing-rollers a (1, constructed with unbroken surfaces of porcelain or other equivalent silicious substance, for the purpose set forth.

2 4 The combination, in rolls for treating meal. 0|" a porcelain surface, a metal. core. and a non-commuting layer interposed between the metal and the porcelain, all substantially as and l'or the purpose set forth.

o. The scrapers k k, constructed of glass or other similar substance, in combination with their carrying and adjusting appliances and the crushing-roll 6. The combination, with the self-adjusting crushing-rolls, of self-adjusting scrapers, adapted thereto.

7. The combination, with meal crushing rolls of porcelain or other equivalent-silicious substance, of scrapers of glass or other similar substance, for the purpose described.

8. The supply-hopper A,the feeding-rolls o o,

and the adjustable slides p p at the angles of the double-inclined bottom thereof the crushing-rolls d a and 0 c, and the supplen'iental hoppers B B, interposed between the feeding and the crushing rolls, whereby the meal is delivered in regulated sheets by regular rolli'eed into hoppers arranged above the crushing-rolls.

9. A machine for consisting of a supply-hopper with feedrolls, self-adjusting 01'LlSlilllg-lOllS .J)f porcelain or china, supplemental hoppersmlepted thereto, andself-adjusting scrapers for the crushing rolls, all constructed and adapted for operation as herein setforth. 7

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand in the presence of two witnesses.

, FR. WEGMANN. 7

W'itnesses:

H. MILLER, W. MEYER.

crushing meal or flour,

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