USRE5554E - Improvement in cooking-stoves - Google Patents

Description

5 Shee tsr-Sheet 2.

R. M. HERMANUE. Cooking-Sfoves.

Invenlor:

5 sheets sheet 4.

B. M.- HEBMANCE.

flanking-Stoves.

Reissued' Augfist 2 liy/A d a v PATENT OFFICE.

- nrcnann M. HERMANOE, or ra'ov, new YORK, assrcnon, BY-MESNE assrennnwrsro JOSEPH n. WILKINSON, or same PLACE.

IMPROVEMENT IN COOKlNG-STOVES.

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 102,462, dated April '26, 1870; reissue No. 5,554, dated August 26,1873; application filed August 2, 1873.

ing-Stoves, of which the following is a specifi cation 2* The invention that forms the subject of this patent relates to that class of cook-stoves in which the oven is heated by currents of hot air or the heated. products of combustion traversing the back-plate and the bottom thereof, such stoves being ordinarily denominated d1ving-flue cook-stoves. The invention consists, in general terms, in connectiugw'vith the exterior of such stoves, as ordinarily constructed, an incased water-reservoir, so constructed and-arranged, whether aboveor below the top plate, that the waste heat of the stovei. 0., the caloric remaining "in: the products of combustion after they have performed their usual'work of heating the .oven and the various vessels and imglements set in and over the pot-holes of the stovemay be utilized for heating the contents of such reservoir, the hot air and gases being for this purpose brought into immediate contact with the walls of the reservoir within such casing, and no further change being made in the ordinary construction of the stove itself than such as is necessary to adapt it to a reservoir thus constructed and arranged. It also consists in constructing and arranging a water-reservoir behind the oven of an ordinary cook-stove in such a manner that the contents thereof may be heated at pleasure without, at

the. same time, heating the oven by the passage underneath the latter of the hot-air currents. It consists, further, in providing a cookstove of the ordinaryconstruction with a chamber. or casin g upon its exterior adapted to'receivfeiwithin. its walls a water-reservoir, such casingbein'g made to conform substantia'llyto the shape of the inclosed reservoir,

but with an airspace left between their respective walls,.which serves in large measure to prevent the loss of heat by. radiation, the

casing at the time serving; to protect the metal of the reservoir from injury during transportationor use.

v I Priorl to-this invention various methods had been devised of constructing and arranging water-reservoirs upon the exterior of cookstove both above and below the top plate, which thus, in .addition to and without interfering with their ordinary use for cooking purposes, could be made to furnish a constant sup- .ply of heated water for various domestic uses,

but all these prior constructions, although some of them are valuable improvements in the manufacture, were more or less imperfect in certain particulars, which imperfections it is the object of the present invention to remedy;

W'here, for instance, the attached reservoir was of thelow down 0rder-- i. 6., was placed either entirely or largely below the plane of the top plate of the stove-no means existed whereby it could be heated independently of the oven-a valuable feature in a reservoir cook'stove, both because of the greater rapidity with which the contents of the reservoir can. thus be raised to the desired temperature, and because this can be effected with a considerable saving of fuel, and, what is specially desirable in hot weather, without sohighly heating the surrounding air of the room as would otherwise be necessary. The

same objection existed in that class of stoves in which the oven and the reservoir were made to occupy a common space, inclosed within the four walls of the general structure. In various of such earlier stoves, again, the reservoir was so located upon the exterior as to interfere with the perfect heating of the oven when it was attempted to use the latter. The plan of the present invention is, when using the reversed draft, first to heat the oven thoroughly at top, rear, and bottom, and afterward bring the products of combustion in contact with the reservoir, thus using the waste heat, and that alone, for heating the reservoir, without in any appreciable degree modifying the action of the currents upon the oven.

The method here shown of causing the products of combustion to act upon the reservoir is believed to be superior to that employed in the principal reservoir cook-stoves before in use, in that provision is made for exposing to the action of the gases a larger surface of metal. By iucasing the reservoir the heated products iiues.

space M, whence they pass through the mid die and ascending flue to the aperture I, and

of combustion may be made to envelop the reservoir upon the 'hottom and all its sides,

which will produce more efficient action than if the contact were upon the bottom or upon one side only of the reservoir. The casing, which surrounds thereservoir upon the bot tom and all thesides, serves to protect the res ervoir from injury, and thus permits its walls to be made of such thinness as to be the more readily acted upon by the heated gases.

Referring to the drawings hereto attached, Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 represent a diving flue cook-stove, constructed with two descendin g and an ascending flue in rear of the oven, and two descending lines in front of the same, a nd provided with an incased water-reservoir located upon the exterior of the rear vertical .wall and between the plane of the lower ovenplate and the top plate of the stove. Fig. 1 is a central longitudinal vertical section of the stove, Fig. 2, a transverse vertical section through the reservoir and its casing and bottom flues and the aperture in the backplate indicated by dotted lines; Fig. 3, a plan :view of the stove Fig. 4, a plan view of the stove, with the top plate removed; and Fig. 5,

the rear toward thet'ront E, the middle ascend i ng flue, F, the water-reservoir, located behind the rear vertical plate of the stove Gr, the easing surrounding the bottom and sides of the reservoir; H, the chamber formed by such cas in g around the reservoir I, the aperture in the rear- *all of the stove, communicating between the reservoir-chamber and the middle ascending flue; J, the pipe-collar that receives the exit-pipe; K, the top plate of the stove; It, the

oven,- and L, the aperture through which ac cess is had to the reservoir. When the damper is thrown forward into the position shown by the dotted lines, the products of combustion pass directly to the middle rear flue, thence through the aperture I into the chamber H, and thence out through the exit-pipe placed at the top of the casing and behind the reservoir; In this case, as the products of combustion escape at the exit-pipe without passing under the oven, the reservoir only will be heated, the oven rcn'laining comparatively unaffected. \Vhen, however, the damper israiscd so as toclose the passage to the middle fine, the hot-air currents divide above the oven, a part passing down the two fines in front, and a part down the reardeseending These several currents reunite in the thence into the chamber surrounding the res ervoir. By tlns process the oven is thoroughly heated upon the top, front, rear, and

showing also a rear elevation of the stove, with the rear bottom, andafterward the products ofcombustion are still further jutilized bybringing them in contact with the water-reservoir in such a way as to extract from them, for heat in g the contents of such reservoir, the largest possible amount of the caloric still remaining.

Instead of placing the exit-pipe behind the reservoir, it may, if preferred, be placed in front thereof, as shown at J. hen the exitpipe is thus located, the direct draft may still be made to pass through the reservoir-chant her by bending forward the top of that portion of the back plate of the stove which is opposite to the middle flue, as shown at N in Figs. 1 and 4. If, however, when the pipecollar is placed in front of the reservoir, the back plate of the stove be not thus inclined forward, but the exit-pipe be'made to lead directly out from the middle flue, the products of combustion, with a direct draft, will pass 0d at once without entering the reservoirchamber; and'with a reserved draft-i. 0., when the currents are caused to pass under and around the oven-the reservoir. will be heated, not, as before, by the direct impingement upon it of the hot-air currents, striking it in their immediate path, but by the hot air that flows into the chamber through the aperture I, and, consequently, envelops the reservoir. VVhen the exit pipe is thus arranged, the heating of the reservoir may be facilitated by providing more than one aperture of communication between its inelosing-ehamber and the middle flue. Such a construction is shown in Fig. 6, which is a central longitudinal vertical section of an ordinary three-flue stove provided with an-incased reservoir after the manner of this invention, there being two openings from the rear middle flue into the reservoir-chamber. As the products of combustion in their ascent, after having heated the rear and the bottom of the oven, reach the opening I, a portion of them will expand laterally and till the space around the reservoir. These will quickly pass off again through the upper aperture I, but only to be succeeded by fresh supplies of the outgoing gases, each imparting its proper increment of heat to the walls of the reservoir, and, through them, to the contents within.

If preferred, the entire back plate, oppositethe middle flue and extending from the bottom of the casing to the top plate of the stove, may be removed, which will give the utmost freedom to the movements of the heated gases in their entrance to and egress from the reservoirch amber.

Fig. 7 is a vertical longitudinal section of an ordinary three-flue stove, thus constructed as regards the mode of heating an incased reservoir located upon the exterior of its rear vertical wall; Fig. 8 being a rear elevation of the stove, with the reservoir and its'oasing re moved, the flue system of the stove being in dicated by the dotted lines.

There are peculiar advantages attending each of these two modes of bringing the hot-' 'air currents in contact'with the walls of the incased reservoir, shown, respectively, in Fig. 1 and in Figs.i6-and 7. In the former case, inasmuch as the exit-pipe, whether placed before or behind the reservoir, leads out from the chamber immediately surrounding the reservoir, the latter can be heated by a direct draft, whenever desired, without heating the oven. This, as already Indicated, is, in itself considered, afeatureof large value, as there are many occasions when itis desirable not to heat-the oven, but to concentrate all the heat of the stove upon the tank containing the water. Where, on the other hand, the exitpipe communicates with the flue-space directly behind the rear oven-plate, as shown in Figs. 6 and 7, a better draft can be obtained when kindling thefire, since the ascensional power of the heated gases is inno degree impaired (as must necessarily be the case in such a construction as is shown in Fig.1) by extended contact with the walls of a vessel containing a body of cold water. This,in turn, is a feature of no inconsiderable importance, as a perfect draft insta-rting the fire is always a desirable object. To offset this advantage it becomes impossible to heat the reservoir by the direct draft; and even with the reversed draft it may not be as quickly heated as where the currents are compelled to pass through the surrounding chamber; but, for most domestic purposes, it is believedthatthis construction will be found amply sutficient to heat the requisite quantity of water to the desired temperature, and, in so doing, to constitute a marked improvement upon former constructions.

.Figs.'9,'10, 11,12, 13, and 14 represent an ordmarythrce-flue stove,having an incased reservoir constructed upon the exterior of its rear vertical wall, the exit-pipe being placed in rear of the ressrvoir, and two openings being made in the backplate of the stove betweenthc rcseri'oir-chamber and the middle flue. Fi -9 is a-pcrspective view of the back part of the stove with 'the incased reservoir attached- Fig. 1 0 is a perspective view of the same, the top plate being first removed and the reservoir being taken out of the casing. Fig. 11 is a vertical longitudinal section of the stove ;-Fig.-. 1 2, a transverse vertical section through the reservoir and easing, showing alsoa rear elevation of the stove, in which thevarious positions of the flucs'and the openings in the back plate are indicated by dotted lines; Fig. 13, an elevation of the rear vertical wall, showingthe opening more distinctly,

the tines again being indicated by dotted lincsyand Fig.14, a plan of the stove and reservoir attachment having the top plate re moved. 1

Fig. 6,-befo1e referred to, represents the same construction, except the exitpipe is 10- cated'in' front of the back plate and directly over the middle flue.

- InFigs; 10 and 14 the upper portion of the rear plate of the'stove proper is shown as'inclined forward in those parts, P P, which are opposite the two descending lines. This arrangement is particularly intended for the protection of the upper portion of the reservoir from injury by becoming too highly heated, a precaution that is specially necessary in view of the fact, that frequently the upper part of the reservoir contains no water, while at the same time it is a part peculiarly exposed to injury, since, in the prevailing condition of the stove'i. 0., when the central damp-er is elosedthe gases, in entering the descending-lines, being then in their most highly-heated state, impinge directly upon the highest portion of those parts of the back plate which are opposite to such flues. By inclining these forward, as shown, and thus increasing their distance from that part of the reservoir, which, by reason of the not infrequent low condition of the water, is specially liable to injury from overheating, this danger may be, in large measure, obviated.

Figs. 15 and 16 show the casing of the reservoir provided with a check-damper for reducing the excess of heat, when desired, by admittin g to the chamber a supply of cold air. It may be either a revolving or a sliding damper, as indicated by the full and the dot ted lines, respectively, in Fig. 16. A check damper for a similar purpose is also shown in Fig. 18.

Fig. 15 likewise shows a different mode from that of- Fig. 11 of supporting the reservoir, it being, in this instance, sustained by its flange, which rests not upon an extended rim forming an extension of the top plate of the stove, but upon the top of the walls of the casing itself. p

The remaining figures of the accompanying drawings relate more particularly to a modification of the incased water-reservoir, in which the reservoir, instead of being set down into a chamber beneath the extended top plate of the stove, is elevated above such top plate, being, at the same time so located at the rear of the stove as not to interfere with the use of the top of the stove proper for ordinary culinary purposes.

Fig. 17 is a perspective view of a diving flue cook-stove having an elevated incased water rescrvoir, the reservoir being supported by its flange, which rests upon the vertical walls of the casing, and the exit-pipe being connected with the top of the casing at the back of the reservoir, so that, at all-times, the products of combustion will pass through the surrounding chamber. The descending flues of this stove are placed one at each side of the stove at D, the only flue at the rear being that through which the gases ascend to enter the reservoir-chamber. This reservoir can, if desired, be heated without heating the oven; but the stove has no direct draft except through the i'cservoir-chamben. then the oven is in use the products of combustion pass under it and across its back, thus completing their work of heating the oven before coming in contact with the reservoir. By thus elevating the reservoir above the top plate of the stove the space below the reservoir and behind the stove maybe utilized for other purposes but the elevated position of the reservoir is somewhat inconvenient so far as regards the work of filling it"or of'taking water from it. This inconvenience does not exist in reservoirs of the low-down order, whose top is on a level, or nearly so, with the top plate of the stove.

,Fig. 18 is a vertical longitudinal section of the'same' stove shown in Fig. 17 Fig. 19, a vertical transverse section through the reservoir and rear flue; Fig. 20, a plan of the stove with the top plate thereof removed; Fig. 21,

a horizontal section of the reservoir and its casing,sliowing the position of the strips or flangesattached to the walls of the reservoir for the purpose. hereinafter indicated; and Figs. .22 and 23, perspective front and rear views of the reservoir with the strips attached. Figs. 24, 25, and 26 show an incased water reservoir placed at the rear and above the top plate of an ordinary divingflue stove in which both the ascending flue and the descending fines are located behind the oven. The position of the reservoir is such that the front wall of the casing is is nearly ona line with the rear wall of the stove --in-this: respeet differing slightly from the construction shown in Figs. 18 and 27, in

avhich,;for the sake of securing a more direct impact of the hot-air currents upon the bottom of the reservoir, it is thrown a littlefarther forward, yet not so as to interfere materially; with the use of the top of the stove for other and ordinary purposes. Fig. 27 is a sectional view of a three-flue stovewith an elevated incased reservoir, showing a slightlyinodified form of the back plate. In Figs. 18

and 201s shown a sliding damper, O, extend- -ing across the entire top of the oven. By regnlating the position of their damper with reference to the apertures which it controls the supply of heated gases admitted directly to the reservoir-chamber may be regulated at.

will, and at the same time, of course, the heating of the oven will be correspondingly affee-ted.

It will, of coruse, be understood that in all cases the-reservoir attached to the stove, as

hereinbefore described, is to be provided with .a cover to prevent the escape of steam into the room. Instead of attaching the cover directly to the reservoir itself, as in the case of ordinary boilers, it maybe attached toor supported on any convenient part of thereservar-casing, as shownin Fig. 11, in which case it should be so hinged as to lift up in a ver- -tical direction, when it is desired to obtain access to the reservoir, which is a more convenient construction than where it is pivoted to the casing, so as to move in a horizontal direction parallel with the top of the reservoireasing.

Where the cover is pivoted so as to swing ina horizontal direction, it must either swing inward toward the middle of the top plate or outward beyond the top plate. In thexone case it would be inconvenient, as occupying space upon the stove needed for otherpurposes; in the other case it would be inconvenient, as interfering with the free movements of a person about .the stove, and, furthermore, would be much-more liable to be broken off than a cover which is hinged so as to be raised up in substantially a vertical direction.

From the foregoing description it will be understood that the invention in question relates more particularly to-providing a waterreservoir, properly located,--with a casing, and

to the means by which the heated products of combustion may be introduced into such casing for the purpose'of heating the reservoir,

the mode of attaching the casing to the stove being a matter of comparatively small importance.

The casing, when placed below the top plate,

may be attached to the ordinary rear vertical wall of the stove, provided with the proper apertures, by anyof the usual means adapted thereto, which are employed for attaching two metallic structures together; or, if preferred,

the back plate of the stove may be so formed in casting as to provide a chamber within it,

but behind the )o si tion ofthe back plate as ordinarily made. Such, a construction is shown inFig. 7. 3 c a When the reservoir is situated above the top plate of the, stove,'as shown in Figs..18 and 27, it is supported by its flange, which rests upon the top of the walls of the casing. When, however, the reservoir is of the -.l0;wdown order, the preferred mode of support ing it is to extend the top plate of the stove over the reservoir-chamber, and. to rest the flange of the reservoir upon the edges of the aperture made in such extension for permitting the reservoir to be set down into its chamber, Instead, however,'of prov1d1ngfia support for thereservoir by thus extending the top plate, it may be: made to rest directly upon the walls of the casing, when suitably constructed therefor, the flange being made of. sufficient width to entirely close the chamber at the top,as is shown more particularly-in Figs.7and15. a I

The outside of the reservoir may, if desired, be provided with flanges or division strips, standing out at right-angles thereto, and of such width that when the reservoir is within the casing the strips will fit closely against the walls thereof, as shown in Figs. 21, 22, and 23, thereby performing the twofold func tion of furnishing a lateral support tothe reservoir and dividing up the space between the reservoir-and the casing, so as to confine the principal action of the hot-air currents to those portions of the reservoir where they will produce the most marked effect. This is partic ularly shown in the construction represented by Figs. 18 and 21, in. which theeXit-pipe is placed between the two strips onthe rear wall of the reservoir, as a consequence of which the products of combustion, outliebouching into the reservoir-chamber, spread themselves out in contact with the entire bottom of the reservoir, where they act with the greatest efliciency, the main body of the current, however, being again contracted so as to pass between the flue-strips, before mentioned, to the exit-pipe. T At the same time enough of the products of combustion will expand laterally and vertically from the main current into the spaces around the other parts of the vertical walls of the reservoir to keep them filled with a body of heated air, which serves, as already indicated, to prevent the cooling of the water by radiation, which would take place rapidly were it not for the envelope of non-conducting material by which the reservoir is thus surrounded.

It will also be the case in constructions, such as are shown in Figs. 11 and 27,'that the main force of the current will expend itself directly only on the bottom and back wall of the reservoir, while at the same time the space in front of the reservoir and around its ends will be constantly filled with hot air, which will expand laterally and vertically into it from the main current, serving, as above, to check the loss of heat by radiation, and it maybe actually increasing to some degree the temperature of the water within. A similar action takes place in the construction shown in Fig. 1., when the pipe-collar is placed in front of the reservoir, the main action of the currents in this case being upon the bottom and the front wall of the reservoir. Not only does the incasing of the reservoir thusserve to surround it with an envelope of highly nonconducting nature, by which the loss of heat by radiation is largely prevented, but the easing also protects the metal of the reservoir from injury, to which,being located externally upon the stove, it is specially liable during transportation. From the protection thus afforded it in its exposed position, it further results that it will be less exposed to injury in use, and, therefore, will endure for a longer period than would be the case with an uncased reservoir.

Perforations may be provided in the wall of the reservoir near its upper edge, as shown in Fig. 22, through which the steam that is generated within may discharge itself into the reservoir-chamber, and thus be carried off into the'uptake. This is designed, with the aid of a tight-fitting cover over the reservoir, to prevent the escape of steam into the room.

\Vhat is hereby claimed is 1. In a cook-stove, a water-reservoir located at the rear thereof, behind the ordinary rear flue-space, in combination with a flue or flues that first carry the products of combustion under and against the bottom and the back of the oven, completing the heating of the even before they are brought in contact'with the reservoir.

2. In a diving-fine cook-stove, a water-reservoir located at the rear thereof, behind the ordinary rear flue-space, and provided with a easing into which the products of combustion may enter, in combination with a flue or tlues that carry the heated products of combustion into contact both with the bottom and the back of the oven, and with the reservoir.

3. In a diving-flue cook-stove, a water-reservoir located at the rear thereof, behind the ordinary rear flue-space, in combination with a flue through which the heated products of combustion may be made to pass from the top sheetflue of the stove into eontactwith the reservoir, and thence to the exit-pipe, without being carried under the oven, substantially as described.

4. In combination with a cook-stove,a water-reservoir located at the rear thereof, behind the ordinary rear flue-space, and provided with a casing through which the products of combustion may be made to pass without heating the oven.

5. A water-reservoir located upon the exterior of a cook-stove above the top plate thereof, and providedwith a easing, into which the products of combustion enter on their way to the exit-pipe, after having heated the oven.

6. In combination with a stove, a waterreservoir located at the rear thereof, and provided with a easing, into which the products of combustion may enter, the front wall of such casing being formed by the rear end plate of the stove.

7. In a diving-flue cook-stove, a water-res ervoir located at the rear thereof, in combination with a downward and upward draftflue, through which the heated products of combustion descending behind the oven may change to an upward direction, and pass oif to the exit-pipe, thus heating the reservoir without passing under the oven.

8. In combination with a cook-stove, an iii-- cased water-reservoir supported directly upon the vertical walls of its casing, such casing in turn being attached to or cast as a part of the walls of the stove.

9. A water-reservoir located behind the ordinary rear fluespace of a cook-stove, and provided with a hot-air casing, the top of which is formed by an extension of the top plate of the stove, which also serves to support the reservoir, substantially in the manner shown and described.

10. In combination with a cook-stove, an incased water-reservoir, the top of which is closed by a cover hinged to the casing, substantially in the manner shown and described, so that it may be lifted up from the aperture in the top of the casing when it is desired to obtain access to the reservoir.

11. In combination with an incased water reservoir upon a cook-stove, a check-damper for admitting cool air to the hot air chamber surrounding the reservoir, substantially as set forth.

12. The back-plate of a cook-stove, provided with a reservoir chamber or casing upon its exterior face, the walls of such casing being en ste'ontinuous with the back plate itself. 13. A cook-stove providedwith an incased water-reservoir located at the rear thereof the ordinary rear end plate of the stove forming one side of such easing, and being supplied with proper apertures above the lower ovenplate to admit the heated products of combustion into the reservoir-chamber.

14. In combination with a water-reservoir located at the rear of a cook-stove and behind the ordinary flue-space an exit-pipe arranged in rear ofsuch reservoir, substantially as described. I 15. In combination with an inca-sed waterreservoir partition-strips between the reser voir and its casing for guiding and controlling the movement of the heated products of combustion within the reservoir-ohamber.

JOSEPH B. WILKINSON.

Witnesses G. W. BROWNE, 1. A. SMITH.

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