USRE45684E1 - Apparatus for twist-to-lock retention of a wheel - Google Patents
Apparatus for twist-to-lock retention of a wheel Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- USRE45684E1 USRE45684E1 US14/583,539 US201414583539A USRE45684E US RE45684 E1 USRE45684 E1 US RE45684E1 US 201414583539 A US201414583539 A US 201414583539A US RE45684 E USRE45684 E US RE45684E
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- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- insert
- dropout
- shaft
- cam
- assembly
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60B—VEHICLE WHEELS; CASTORS; AXLES FOR WHEELS OR CASTORS; INCREASING WHEEL ADHESION
- B60B27/00—Hubs
- B60B27/02—Hubs adapted to be rotatably arranged on axle
- B60B27/023—Hubs adapted to be rotatably arranged on axle specially adapted for bicycles
- B60B27/026—Hubs adapted to be rotatably arranged on axle specially adapted for bicycles comprising quick release devices
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60B—VEHICLE WHEELS; CASTORS; AXLES FOR WHEELS OR CASTORS; INCREASING WHEEL ADHESION
- B60B35/00—Axle units; Parts thereof ; Arrangements for lubrication of axles
- B60B35/004—Mounting arrangements for axles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60B—VEHICLE WHEELS; CASTORS; AXLES FOR WHEELS OR CASTORS; INCREASING WHEEL ADHESION
- B60B35/00—Axle units; Parts thereof ; Arrangements for lubrication of axles
- B60B35/02—Dead axles, i.e. not transmitting torque
- B60B35/04—Dead axles, i.e. not transmitting torque straight
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
- B62K—CYCLES; CYCLE FRAMES; CYCLE STEERING DEVICES; RIDER-OPERATED TERMINAL CONTROLS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CYCLES; CYCLE AXLE SUSPENSIONS; CYCLE SIDE-CARS, FORECARS, OR THE LIKE
- B62K25/00—Axle suspensions
- B62K25/02—Axle suspensions for mounting axles rigidly on cycle frame or fork, e.g. adjustably
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60B—VEHICLE WHEELS; CASTORS; AXLES FOR WHEELS OR CASTORS; INCREASING WHEEL ADHESION
- B60B2310/00—Manufacturing methods
- B60B2310/30—Manufacturing methods joining
- B60B2310/306—Manufacturing methods joining by clamping or wedging, e.g. by clamping inserts as joining means
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60B—VEHICLE WHEELS; CASTORS; AXLES FOR WHEELS OR CASTORS; INCREASING WHEEL ADHESION
- B60B2310/00—Manufacturing methods
- B60B2310/30—Manufacturing methods joining
- B60B2310/316—Manufacturing methods joining by press-fitting, shrink-fitting
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60B—VEHICLE WHEELS; CASTORS; AXLES FOR WHEELS OR CASTORS; INCREASING WHEEL ADHESION
- B60B2360/00—Materials; Physical forms thereof
- B60B2360/10—Metallic materials
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60Y—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS CROSS-CUTTING VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
- B60Y2200/00—Type of vehicle
- B60Y2200/10—Road Vehicles
- B60Y2200/13—Bicycles; Tricycles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
- B62K—CYCLES; CYCLE FRAMES; CYCLE STEERING DEVICES; RIDER-OPERATED TERMINAL CONTROLS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CYCLES; CYCLE AXLE SUSPENSIONS; CYCLE SIDE-CARS, FORECARS, OR THE LIKE
- B62K2206/00—Quick release mechanisms adapted for cycles
Definitions
- the present invention relates generally to a quick-release retention system for bicycle wheels or other components, and is more specifically directed to the retention of a wheel using a twist-to-lock configuration for securing a non-cylindrical axle to thru-axle fork dropouts.
- Quick-release retention systems particularly for use with bicycles, have been commonplace for many years. These quick-release retention systems allow for rapid connection (or disconnection) of a portion of the bicycle, such as a wheel to a fork, without the need for specialized tools. While the most common application of quick-release devices is for the securing of a bicycle wheel to the fork or frame of the bicycle, quick release devices are also used for other applications, such as securing a bicycle seat post to a seat tube of the bicycle frame.
- a 9 mm threaded skewer having a lever on one end and a fixed stop, such as a tightening nut, on the other end.
- the lever acts on a cam to exert a tightening force that is a function of both the geometry of the cam and the manual pre-adjustment of the center distance between the cam and the tightening nut, wherein the center distance is adjusted by the manual manipulation of the tightening nut.
- the tightening force is obtained by folding the lever in the direction of the skewer, from an open position to a closed position. The user must manually adjust the center distance by adjusting the tightness of the tightening nut until the lever is able to be folded such that the cam can be driven to provide a sufficient tightening force on the skewer.
- the 9 mm skewers have a cylindrical cross-sectional shape which, when applied with bicycle wheels, are only compatible with fork dropout slots having similarly rounded configurations.
- some bicycle forks in particular suspension forks used on off-road bicycles, have been redesigned to provide a non-cylindrical “thru-axle” configuration.
- Thru-axle configurations comprise substantially-enclosed, non-cylindrical dropouts, as opposed to conventional dropout slots.
- a quick-release apparatus capable of securing a bicycle wheel to the fork or frame of the bicycle without the need for manual adjustment of the center distance between a cam-action lever and a threaded tightening nut. It would also be desirable to incorporate such a quick-release apparatus using a thru-axle configuration having a non-cylindrical interface such that torsional stiffness of the fork is maintained.
- the invention relates to a quick release assembly engageable with an enclosed dropout fork of a bicycle, wherein the assembly comprises an axle having a first non-cylindrical end portion, a cylindrical central portion, and a second non-cylindrical end portion, wherein a diameter of one of the first non-cylindrical end portion and the second non-cylindrical end portion is larger than the diameter of the cylindrical central portion.
- the quick release assembly further comprises an insert having a non-cylindrical outer profile configured to be retained in a non-cylindrical opening and having a cam surface disposed therein, wherein the insert is sized to retain one of the non-cylindrical end portions of the axle therein.
- the assembly also includes a shaft sized to pass through the axle and having a cam follower on a first end and a handle on a second end, wherein the cam follower is configured to form a locking engagement with the cam surface of the insert upon an axial rotation of the handle.
- the apparatus comprises hollow axle having a first end portion and a second end portion, the first end portion configured to be retained within a first enclosed dropout of a bicycle fork assembly.
- the apparatus also includes a dropout insert configured to retain the second end portion within a second enclosed dropout of the bicycle fork assembly and a cam insert affixed within the dropout insert.
- the apparatus comprises a shaft sized to travel through the hollow axle, the shaft having a cam follower on a first end and a handle and tensioning assembly on a second end, wherein the cam follower is configured to fixedly engage the cam insert upon less than a single rotation of the shaft.
- Another aspect of the invention relates to an assembly for securing a wheel to a bicycle, the assembly comprising a removable insert configured to be affixed within a first non-cylindrical dropout of a bicycle fork, the removable insert having a ramped cam surface disposed therein.
- the assembly further comprises an axle having a first non-cylindrical end portion and a second non-cylindrical end portion, wherein the first non-cylindrical end portion is configured to mate with an internal surface of the removable insert and the second non-cylindrical end portion is configured to mate with a second non-cylindrical dropout of the bicycle fork, and a skewer configured to travel through the axle, the skewer having a cam follower on a first end and a handle on a second end, wherein the cam surface of the skewer is configured to lockingly engage the ramped cam surface of the removable insert upon less than one full axial rotation of the handle.
- Yet another aspect of the invention relates to a quick release assembly for a bicycle, wherein the quick release assembly comprises an axle having a first non-cylindrical end portion, a cylindrical central portion, and a second non-cylindrical end portion, wherein a diameter of one of the first non-cylindrical end portion and the second non-cylindrical end portion is larger than the diameter of the cylindrical central portion.
- the quick release assembly also comprises a shaft sized to pass through the axle and having a retention surface on a first end and a handle on a second end, and an insert configured to be retained in a non-cylindrical, thru-axle fork dropout and having a shaft interface therein, wherein the retention surface of the shaft is configured to form a locking engagement with the shaft interface of the insert upon an axial rotation of the handle.
- FIG. 1 is an exploded view of the quick-release system according to an embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the quick release system according to an embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 3 is a side view of a shaft according to an embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 4A is a three-dimensional view of a dropout insert according to an embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 4B is a cross-sectional view of the dropout insert according to an embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 4C is another three-dimensional view of the dropout insert according to an embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 5A is a side view of a cam insert according to an embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 5B is a cross-sectional view of the cam insert according to an embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 5C is a three-dimensional view of the dropout insert according to an embodiment of the invention.
- a system is shown that provides a quick-release configuration for a wheel, preferably a bicycle wheel.
- the quick-release configuration uses a twist-to-lock action on a shaft to secure the wheel to a bicycle fork or frame.
- FIG. 1 illustrates an exploded view of an exemplary embodiment of the invention.
- Quick-release system 100 comprises an insert 102 having a non-cylindrical outer profile, a hub 104 , and an axle 106 .
- hub 104 comprises a plurality of bearings therein to enable axle 106 to rotate freely when axle 106 is received through a central axis of hub 104 .
- Hub 104 may also be configured to include a plurality of openings to accept wheel spokes therein.
- Axle 106 is shown having respective non-cylindrical end portions 108 , 110 and a cylindrical central portion 112 .
- non-cylindrical end portion 110 is larger than that of non-cylindrical end portion 108 and cylindrical central portion 112 .
- axle 106 is sized to pass through a central axis of hub 104 such that only cylindrical central portion 112 is retained within hub 104 , while non-cylindrical end portions 108 , 110 extend beyond respective ends of hub 104 .
- Cylindrical central portion 112 of axle 106 may have a diameter of 15 mm to conform to industry-standard hub sizes, but the invention is not limited as such.
- cylindrical central portion 112 may have a diameter of, for example, 12 mm for light-duty bicycles, or 20 mm for use on bicycles subject to more significant stresses, such as those designed for off-road downhill riding.
- cylindrical central portion 112 may be of any suitable diameter to conform to the central axis of hub 104 .
- non-cylindrical end portions 108 , 110 and non-cylindrical insert 102 may be of any non-cylindrical shape, it is advantageous that the end portions be hexagonal in shape.
- quick-release system 100 engages a pair of fork legs 114 having substantially enclosed dropout openings 116 near an end of each respective fork leg 114 .
- Dropout openings 116 have a non-cylindrical inner surface, wherein one of the dropout openings 116 is configured to retain insert 102 therein, while the other dropout opening 116 is configured to retain non-cylindrical end portion 110 of axle 106 therein.
- Non-cylindrical end portion 108 of axle 106 is correspondingly sized to fit within a non-cylindrical inner surface of insert 102 , as will be discussed further below.
- axle 106 into dropout openings 116 forms what is known as a “thru-axle” design which, as will also be discussed in more detail below, provides for a more secure connection between the axle and the dropouts when compared to conventional slotted dropouts and cylindrical axles.
- Quick-release system 100 also includes a shaft, or skewer, 118 .
- Shaft 118 is sized to pass through a central axis of axle 106 , and may be formed of any suitable material, such as steel, aluminum, or titanium.
- a cam follower 120 is disposed on a first end of shaft 118 , while a pin hole 122 is located on a second end of shaft 118 .
- Cam follower 120 may be a pin or other protrusion suitable to engage with a cam surface. As will be discussed with reference to subsequent figures, cam follower 120 is configured to engage a cam surface disposed within insert 102 upon rotation of shaft 118 . Additionally, the second end of shaft 118 is configured to pass through a tensioning device 126 .
- tensioning device 126 may be any known tensioning means, in one embodiment one or more Belleville washer could be used as the tensioning device 126 bounded by a stator 124 and an end cap 128 .
- a handle 132 is affixed to shaft 118 via a handle pin 130 , which is designed to engage pin hole 122 in shaft 118 .
- shaft 118 could itself be the tensioning device if it were desired to reduce the number of components and increase tolerances. In such an instance, shaft 118 would be composed of an elastic metallic material, such as spring-grade steel. Additionally, tensioning 126 could be a spring.
- Handle 132 is designed to allow a user to axially rotate shaft 118 using a simple twisting motion. While handle 132 is shown as a lever arm in FIG. 1 , handle 132 may be a knob, a pin, or any other device capable of allowing a user to rotate shaft 118 .
- FIG. 2 a cross-sectional view of quick-release system 100 , as assembled, is illustrated.
- insert 102 is retained within a dropout opening 116 on an end of a fork leg 114 .
- Insert 102 is preferably retained via a press-fit connection with dropout opening 116 , but alternate methods of retention are also possible with this invention.
- dropout opening 116 may comprise at least one pivotal clamp to securely retain insert 102 .
- Non-cylindrical end portion 108 of axle 106 is tightly engaged with a non-cylindrical opening of insert 102 , while non-cylindrical end portion 110 of axle 106 is sized to fit within the other dropout opening 116 of the other fork leg 114 .
- axle 106 is engaged with respective fork legs 114 such that axle 106 is prevented from rotating, or slipping, in dropout openings 116 .
- Such a fixed, non-cylindrical connection between non-cylindrical end portions 108 , 110 of axle 106 and the respective dropout openings 116 allows torque to be transferred between fork legs 114 , effectively using axle 106 as a torsion bar and greatly decreasing the torsional deflection of the system.
- axle 106 as a torsion bar is particularly advantageous in forks which lack the traditional brake arch or brace, such as “inverted” fork assemblies, as the non-cylindrical connection between axle 106 and dropout openings 116 helps to decrease the torsional deflection that was typically controlled by the brake arch or brace.
- FIG. 2 also shows that shaft 118 passes through axle 106 into dropout openings 116 .
- a user To successfully engage quick-release system 100 , a user must rotate handle 132 in a “locking” direction, thereby providing a corresponding rotation on shaft 118 .
- cam follower 120 engages a ramped cam surface located within insert 102 .
- Cam follower 120 pulls shaft 118 through axle 106 as shaft 118 is rotated, correspondingly pulling respective fork legs 114 inward.
- cam follower 120 will reach a locking engagement with the cam surface of insert 102 such that shaft 118 can no longer be rotated in a locking direction.
- the amount of rotation of shaft 118 needed to reach this locking engagement is less than 360 degrees, and is conceivably less than 180 degrees (e.g., 120 degrees).
- tensioning device 126 imparts a reaction force on an opposite end of shaft 118 such that the locking engagement is maintained.
- Tensioning device 126 is partially retained within one of the dropout openings 116 between stator 124 and end cap 128 . In this way, respective fork legs 114 are pulled inward upon rotation of shaft 118 , allowing fork legs 114 to contact and slightly compress hub 104 at surfaces adjacent to respective dropout openings 116 .
- cam follower 120 With the cam surface of insert 102 enables quick-release system 100 to securely engage a wheel with minimal user effort and without the possible over- or under-tightening of the system due to user error, as is common in conventional quick-release systems.
- the user To disengage the wheel, the user must simply rotate handle 132 in an “unlocking” direction opposite that of the locking direction, thereby allowing cam follower 120 to exit the locking engagement with the cam surface of insert 102 .
- Such a rotational engagement/disengagement of quick-release system 100 enables the user to securely install a wheel using only one hand, thereby greatly simplifying wheel retention.
- cam follower 120 is always lockingly engaged at the same position on the cam surface of insert 102 , user error in achieving the correct locking position can be avoided.
- FIG. 3 illustrates an alternative configuration for the shaft, or skewer, of the quick-release system.
- shaft 318 shown in FIG. 3 does not include a pin hole on which a handle is affixed via a handle pin.
- shaft 318 comprises a threaded region 322 on an end of shaft 318 opposite that of a cam follower 320 .
- a handle (not shown) having a threaded region therein can be rotatably threaded onto threaded region 322 .
- the axial position of the handle on shaft 318 and in turn the initial force of a tensioning device (not shown), can therefore be adjusted during the manufacturing process to account for tolerance variations in the system.
- the handle may be fixedly locked in position via, for example, a key pressed into slot of the handle.
- insert 102 comprises a non-cylindrical outer surface region 202 and a cylindrical lip 204 .
- Non-cylindrical outer surface region 202 is sized to fit within a dropout opening 116 , as is shown above with respect to FIGS. 1 and 2 .
- insert 102 is press-fit into a dropout opening 116 to form a tight engagement, and cylindrical lip 204 acts to limit the depth in which insert 102 may travel into dropout opening 116 .
- Insert 102 further comprises a cam-surface insert 206 , which is separately affixed within insert 102 to provide the actual cam surface of insert 102 .
- cam-surface insert 206 engages with a non-cylindrical inner surface region 208 , wherein cam-surface insert 206 is limited in the depth it may travel into insert 102 .
- Cam-surface insert 206 comprises therein a ramped cam surface 210 , which is configured to accept cam follower 120 located on shaft 118 . As shaft 118 is rotated, cam follower 120 “rides” ramped cam surface 210 until reaching the end, or locking, position of ramped cam surface 210 .
- insert 102 By traveling along ramped cam surface 210 in this way, shaft 118 is pulled toward an end of insert 102 , which thereby acts to assist in engaging the wheel in a locked position through a simple rotation of shaft 118 . Furthermore, as insert 102 is removable from a dropout opening 116 , insert 102 is also replaceable if damaged or worn. Such a replacement is far less costly than alternative approaches found in many conventional quick-release systems, where the dropout itself acts as a wear surface. In such a case, the entire fork may need to be replaced if the dropout was damaged or worn, adding substantial costs to the repair/replacement.
- FIGS. 5A-5C illustrate a more detailed view of cam-surface insert 206 .
- ramped cam surface 210 of cam-surface insert 206 is sized to accept cam follower 120 , which travels along ramped cam surface 210 upon rotation of shaft 118 .
- cam follower 120 reaches a locking endpoint 212 of ramped cam surface 210
- shaft 118 can no longer be rotated in a “locking” direction, and is thus in a locked position.
- cam follower 120 may be removed from the locked position, and thus the engagement of shaft 118 with insert 102 may be released.
- cam-surface insert 206 is formed of a material having greater wear resistance than the material forming insert 102 , as cam-surface insert 206 will be subject to significant wear during repeated engagements of cam follower 120 with ramped cam surface 210 .
- insert 102 may be made of aluminum or plastic, but cam-surface insert may be made of steel or another similarly wear-resistant material. By using such a wear-resistant material, the overall life of insert 102 may be increased.
- FIGS. 5B-5C also show retaining tabs 214 , which act to limit the depth in which cam-surface insert 206 may travel into insert 102 .
- retaining tabs 214 provide a secure connection between cam-surface insert 206 and insert 102 to allow the wheel to be engaged in a locked position.
- a quick release assembly engageable with an enclosed dropout fork of a bicycle
- the assembly comprises an axle having a first non-cylindrical end portion, a cylindrical central portion, and a second non-cylindrical end portion, wherein a diameter of one of the first non-cylindrical end portion and the second non-cylindrical end portion is larger than the diameter of the cylindrical central portion.
- the quick release assembly further comprises an insert having a non-cylindrical outer profile configured to be retained in a non-cylindrical opening and having a cam surface disposed therein, wherein the insert is sized to retain one of the non-cylindrical end portions of the axle therein.
- the assembly also includes a shaft sized to pass through the axle and having a cam follower on a first end and a handle on a second end, wherein the cam follower is configured to form a locking engagement with the cam surface of the insert upon an axial rotation of the handle . . . .
- an apparatus for retaining a bicycle wheel comprising hollow axle having a first end portion and a second end portion, the first end portion configured to be retained within a first enclosed dropout of a bicycle fork assembly.
- the apparatus also includes a dropout insert configured to retain the second end portion within a second enclosed dropout of the bicycle fork assembly and a cam insert affixed within the dropout insert.
- the apparatus comprises a shaft sized to travel through the hollow axle, the shaft having a cam follower on a first end and a handle and tensioning assembly on a second end, wherein the cam follower is configured to fixedly engage the cam insert upon less than a single rotation of the shaft.
- an assembly for securing a wheel to a bicycle comprising a removable insert configured to be affixed within a first non-cylindrical dropout of a bicycle fork, the removable insert having a ramped cam surface disposed therein.
- the assembly further comprises an axle having a first non-cylindrical end portion and a second non-cylindrical end portion, wherein the first non-cylindrical end portion is configured to mate with an internal surface of the removable insert and the second non-cylindrical end portion is configured to mate with a second non-cylindrical dropout of the bicycle fork, and a skewer configured to travel through the axle, the skewer having a cam follower on a first end and a handle on a second end, wherein the cam surface of the skewer is configured to lockingly engage the ramped cam surface of the removable insert upon less than one full axial rotation of the handle.
- a quick release assembly for a bicycle wherein the quick release assembly comprises an axle having a first non-cylindrical end portion, a cylindrical central portion, and a second non-cylindrical end portion, wherein a diameter of one of the first non-cylindrical end portion and the second non-cylindrical end portion is larger than the diameter of the cylindrical central portion.
- the quick release assembly also comprises a shaft sized to pass through the axle and having a retention surface on a first end and a handle on a second end, and an insert configured to be retained in a non-cylindrical, thru-axle fork dropout and having a shaft interface therein, wherein the retention surface of the shaft is configured to form a locking engagement with the shaft interface of the insert upon an axial rotation of the handle.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Axle Suspensions And Sidecars For Cycles (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims (57)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US14/583,539 USRE45684E1 (en) | 2009-08-31 | 2014-12-26 | Apparatus for twist-to-lock retention of a wheel |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US12/550,590 US8113594B2 (en) | 2009-08-31 | 2009-08-31 | Apparatus for twist-to-lock retention of a wheel |
US14/583,539 USRE45684E1 (en) | 2009-08-31 | 2014-12-26 | Apparatus for twist-to-lock retention of a wheel |
Related Parent Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US12/550,590 Reissue US8113594B2 (en) | 2009-08-31 | 2009-08-31 | Apparatus for twist-to-lock retention of a wheel |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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USRE45684E1 true USRE45684E1 (en) | 2015-09-29 |
Family
ID=43623749
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US12/550,590 Ceased US8113594B2 (en) | 2009-08-31 | 2009-08-31 | Apparatus for twist-to-lock retention of a wheel |
US14/583,539 Active 2030-05-07 USRE45684E1 (en) | 2009-08-31 | 2014-12-26 | Apparatus for twist-to-lock retention of a wheel |
Family Applications Before (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US12/550,590 Ceased US8113594B2 (en) | 2009-08-31 | 2009-08-31 | Apparatus for twist-to-lock retention of a wheel |
Country Status (3)
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US (2) | US8113594B2 (en) |
CN (1) | CN102001399A (en) |
TW (1) | TWI386342B (en) |
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TWM599256U (en) * | 2020-05-14 | 2020-08-01 | 黃志忠 | Anti-slip hollow shaft structure of bicycle hub and bicycle hub |
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2009
- 2009-08-31 US US12/550,590 patent/US8113594B2/en not_active Ceased
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2010
- 2010-07-28 TW TW099124834A patent/TWI386342B/en active
- 2010-08-30 CN CN2010102759653A patent/CN102001399A/en active Pending
-
2014
- 2014-12-26 US US14/583,539 patent/USRE45684E1/en active Active
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN102001399A (en) | 2011-04-06 |
TWI386342B (en) | 2013-02-21 |
TW201109229A (en) | 2011-03-16 |
US8113594B2 (en) | 2012-02-14 |
US20110049968A1 (en) | 2011-03-03 |
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