USRE453E - Improvement in sewing-machines - Google Patents

Description

I 4 Sheets-Sheet1. '1- A. BRADSHAW.

; Sewing Machine.

No. 453. Reissued April 14, 1857.-

N. PETL'Rs, Pnumum m mn wmin m. u. c.

' 4 Sheets -Sheet 2.

J. A. BRADSHAW.

Sewing Machine.

' Reissued April 14, 1857.

MW 3Q Q RN N PETERS, PMIwLMm rz b-r. wnhln mu. D. c.

4 Sheets-Sheet3. J. A. BRADSHAW.

Sewing Machine.

No; 453. Rejssued April 14, 1857.

N4 PETERS Phuwumn hw. Washinglon, n. c.

4 Sheets-Sheet 4.

.J. A. BRADSHAW.

Sewing Machine.

" Reissued April 14, 1857.

I No, 453.

box.

- forming the loop of the seam.

. UNITED STATES PATENT- OFFICE.

JOHN. A. BRADSHAW, OF'LOWELL, MAss, ASSIGNOR TO Jos. P. MARTIN, on

PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA.

IMPROVEMENT IN SEWING-MACHINES.

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 5,942, dated November 28, 1848; Reissue No. 453, dated April 14, 1857.

To all whom it may concern Figure 1 is a top view of the machine. Fig.

2 is'an elevation of the front or side A, Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is an elevation of the end B, Fig. 1. Fig. 4 is an elevation of the back or side 0, Fig. 1. Fig. 5 is a plan of the driver. Fig. 6 isase'ction of the driver. Fig. 7 is a perspective view of the bobbin-case. Fig. 8 is a vertical longitudinal section of the bobbin-case and the helical spring and perforated rubber plate, showing the manner in which the thread is wound upon the bobbin and how it passes through between the perforated rubber and the plug to the outside of the case. Fig. 9 is a section of the clamp for holding the cloth, showing the manner of suspending it to the Fig. 10 is a section showing the flying bobbin-case in the act of passing through the loop of the first thread at the moment after the needle has been drawn back slightly to form the loop. Fig. 11 shows the manner of Fig. 12 represents the-needle passed through the cloth with the thread to form a stitch.

The letters of reference indicate the same parts in the different figures wherever they occur.

The following is a description of the construction and operation of the machine.

The platform 0, on which the carriage is placed and to which the clamp i is attached, the carriage I with its frame-work to support the operative portion of the machine, the cam-shaft S with the cams B K L, &c. the balance-wheel G, the picker-staves b I), and drivers D the needle-arm a, the system of compound straight and bent levers M, &c.,

with the click T, ratchet-wheel R cogged pinions R R, and rack H, by the operation of which the carriage is moved simultaneously with the formation of the seam, are all conrunning longitudinally along its upper surface parallel to the guides or ways 0, on which the carriage moves.

I is the carriage upon which the standards Q Q are erected, which support the cam-shaft S, with its cam 13, which operates the needlearm a, and cams K K, that move the vibrating picker staves or arm I) b, and the cam-L,which operates the bent lever M,and with it the sys tem of compound levers M M M, connected together by joint-pins, which, by means of a dog, T, turn the ratchet-wheel R and the cogwheel R, which is secured to the ratchetwheel shaft, andwhich gears into the cogwheel R, which meshes into the rack H. These wheels operated by the aforesaid levers and cam, move the carriage along upon the ways 0 every time the needle is withdrawn from the cloth a distance equal to the length that the next stitch is required to be made. The cloth, being held between the clamp-boards, and these being attached to the way 0, which is stationary, remains in the same position, while the machine carrying the needle and thread moves along by the side of the seam as fast as it is formed. The length of the stitch is varied by turning the-thumbscrew N, which brings the lever M more or less within the' scope of the action of the cam L, which moves it as in the Howe machine.

The needle (which constitutes one of the im-v provements) is of the form seen at 1 and is attached to the vibrating lever c, by which, in the formation of each stitch, it is caused to pierce and protrude through the cloth, carrying with it the bend or loop of the first thread. The needle has two angular bends, as represented.

point the eye is made, through which, from the under side, the thread from the bobbin A is passed, as represented by the line 12, and from thence to the cloth. "The needle is made of this shape in order that while it is passing Through the angle nearest to the ,seen in Fig. 10.

- Howe machine.

through the cloth a. loop or space for thebobbin-case to pass through may,be formedbetween the thread which passes in a straight line from the eye back to the cloth 0 where the stitch is being formed, as represented in Fig. 12, the thread forming the base or longest side of an obtuse-angled trianglegwhen ex tended or stretched by the entrance-pf the needlethe full extent to which it is designed to enter, said portion of the thread being made to bow upward and. form aloop; directlyiinthea path of the bobbin-case, the needle being with:

drawn a short distance, and thenstopped for an instant of time that "the bobbin-case may be passed through the loop, its beak or pointed end entering said loop without obstruction, passing between the needle and the thread, drawing out theslack of :thelatter to; fo-rmth ,lopp large enoughythatit may -pass through Y with facility, which gives outfl-the second,

thread which is to ;be drawn into theclofth byg the saidloop of the-first"threadprrthe withdrawal of the'needleirom'the -cloth,.:-as Every time; *the 4 needle pierces' the 'cloththe vibrating clamp n is made .to press the clothfiriiily against the side ofathe curved trough or segment box until after the needle is'againlwithdrawni This prevents any movement -of-the cloth during the formation of tllQfStlbdl. "filhep o r -tion of the needle-' from thearnre: 1 to" the first angle is made straight, from thence itis bentupward, forming an; angle ofabout o ne hundred and fifty-four degrees with the first; named portion. ;It is then bent: downward at the point, forming an angle of about one hiin dred and sixty-seven degrees withthe middle or last-named position. ,Thisshape of needle; when operated in the manner above described, will form the loop inf-the transverse :thread without the use of thcliftingpin used in the The case 0 Figs; 7, and 8, of the flyingbob bin is made of any suitable metal and of c0115 1. venient"dimensions. fllhe exterior form of the vbodyvof the case is that, of a segment of a cyl inder larger than a half-cylinderinits trans; verse section, while-itsinterior isv cylindricali -l ts beak or front ,endhis semi-conical:in'shape,

and solid, having a tongue, O",. upon1its; uni f der side corresponding to the groove; in the bottom of the guide-trough orsegment-boxj', in whichit runs. The back end of: the {case is closed up by a solid metallic-plug, O; screwed therein. Withinthe case is placed a bobbin, B, to 1101a thesecond threadwith which the seam is made. 'Uponthe'spindle B of thebobbin is. secured a collar, near its large end, which collar 'correspondsinidi ameter with the. interior of: the case. "The largeend of the spindle,-which projects be? yond the collar of the bobbin,-fits into ahole made inthe frontend of the case. The-thread is wound upon the spindle of thebobbinzin the form of a cone, as represented iir-Fig. 8, the apex of which isplaced toward the rear end of the case, so that it maybe easily, un-

wound by being drawn in a line with'the spin- ,dle.

Overthe spindle, and fitting into a groove formed upon the collar thereof, is placed a helical spring, 8, Fig. 8, which fills the interior of the case (J from the collar l3 to the iplug G? in therear. Into-the rear end of the .helix around: collar, G, is inserted. It is per-.

forated in the center with a small hole for the thread or silk to pass, the diameter of the .largerportion of the collar corresponding with the diameter of the inside of the case. The thread from the bobbin passes through the hole in the center of the collar and out between the collar and plug through an aperture in the side of the case to the exterior thereof. The collar, being pressed up on by the spring, acts as a friction-rubber to prevent the 'thread from being drawnfromthe bobbin with but-being subjected to a sufficient-degree of tension. -*The pressure of the rubber maybe increasedyby' screwing in the plug, which p ressesthecollar harder against the spring, and

in' th ismanner the thread may be drawn with any degree of tension thatit will bear. 'f'lhe annexed drawings contain differentmeans of producing the same -effect-.such as holes or apertures-in the case and bars througlr and aroilnd'whichthe thread is passed, the-:fric- -tionand consequent tension of the thread be- ,ingregulated by the number of turns taken. *Thesecontrivances may be used sepamtely or combinedwith each other.

-'The'sh11ttle heretofore in use in the Howe -machine had a spring bearing with a pressure :upon-fthe' bobbin, and acting as frictionbraketherto for the purpose of preventing more thread from runningoff thanwas necessary; to form the loop, but contained; no I 'n1eans of regulating the tension upon-;its

thread to suit the various conditions required bytheithreadused or the material to be sewed;

but recourse was had to complicated contriv- J ances notimmediately connected with the bob binscase, one of which seized and held the threadina'clip at certain intervals, while the other .tightene'dthe stitch after the shuttlehad passedk'threugh the loop.

'. By placingthe means bywhich therequisitetension is regulated within, upon, or so as to form part of the bobbin-case, the necessity -of-using the above-mentioned independent apparatus is entirely supercedcd, and important advantages are secured' such assimplicity and -consequent economy in construction,

greater certainty in operation, and less. liajbility to-derangement from wear of parts subjected to rapid motion.

The stitches, are formed, as inthe- Howe machine, by the; thread from the bobbin-case 0' being looped around the thread of'the needle and drawn together with atension corresponding to the force with which the friction-rubbers orthe other appliances before mentionedact upon the thread. {The manner in which the threads are looped together in the seam willappear more plainly by reference being 7 had to Fig. 11, in which the dotted line represents the loops made by the first thread and the black line those made by the second.

The clamp for holding the cloth is composed of two boards or plates, *5 z, lined on their sides next to the article being held with cloth or other suitable substance, and provided with dowel -pins to keep them in their proper relative position. The cloth or other article to be sewed is placed between the said clamp-boards,

which are held with firmness together by the springs L, which may be of the form represented in Fig. 2, or of any form more suitable.

This clamp is suspended to the under side of the segment-box or guide-trough by means of a flangeor lip, fastened to the upper edge of the inner clamp-board, which plate ishooked upon a pin inserted into the bozr or trough, and is prevented from moving longitudinally by a hook, which is attached by one of its ends to the way or track 0, having the other end inserted into an aperture in the clamp-board. The ends of the clamp are at liberty to move vertically, for the purpose of sewing angular and curved seams. The end of the clamp may be suspended to a fixed bar or post by a spring such as that represented at m, Fig. 3, or by any suitable means. On e edge of the clamp is made straight, for sewing straight seams. The other edge is made curved, for sewing curved seams. The curved edge is provided with a flange attached to the inner half of the clamp in the same manner as described above for the straight edge. WVhen this edge is used,

the position of the clamp will be inverted. The importance oi this clamp will be apparent when it is considered with what regularity and certainty seams may be sewed when the pieces of cloth are once clamped, how easily they can be raised and lowered at either end, turned, and adj ustcd to the needle without any danger of separating the edges of the cloth in the threadrase, either separate or combined, I

or by any other equivalent means, when said means are within, upon, or form part of the bobbin-case itself, for the purpose specified.

2. Springs or screws bearing upon the bobbin, separately considered, are not claimed; but what is claimed, secondly, is, regulating the tension of the shuttle-thread in the act of leaving the bobbin bya combination of one or more screws with a spring or any yielding or elastic substances, or any combination of equivalent devices producing the same effect.

In testimony whereof Ihave signed my name to this specification this 26th day of J auuary, 1857'.

JOSEPH P. MARTIN, Assignee of John A. Bradshaw.

- In presence of- J No. B. KENNEY, CHARLES THoMPsoN.

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