USRE42435E1 - Wireless location determining device - Google Patents
Wireless location determining device Download PDFInfo
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- USRE42435E1 USRE42435E1 US12/343,706 US34370608A USRE42435E US RE42435 E1 USRE42435 E1 US RE42435E1 US 34370608 A US34370608 A US 34370608A US RE42435 E USRE42435 E US RE42435E
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- tag
- communication
- communication device
- location
- control center
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S5/00—Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations
- G01S5/02—Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations using radio waves
- G01S5/0284—Relative positioning
- G01S5/0289—Relative positioning of multiple transceivers, e.g. in ad hoc networks
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
- G01S13/74—Systems using reradiation of radio waves, e.g. secondary radar systems; Analogous systems
- G01S13/82—Systems using reradiation of radio waves, e.g. secondary radar systems; Analogous systems wherein continuous-type signals are transmitted
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W64/00—Locating users or terminals or network equipment for network management purposes, e.g. mobility management
Definitions
- Moveable or roaming objects including persons and animals, may be required, for various reasons, to be located by a third party or system, from a remote location. Examples for such needs may include persons in distress, particularly children, adults or handicapped people that require assistance, lost pets, stolen vehicles to be restored and transported assets to be tracked on their way.
- the communication channels in such network may comprise wireless and wireline elements, and the components of the network/system may be terrestrial, extraterrestrial airborne and space-borne.
- this wireless location network serves also for telecommunications (“telecom”) of generic information, such as voice, data or video signals.
- Several methods are known in the art for wirelessly determining the location of roaming devices.
- One known group of methods is based on dedicated Telecom networks or dedicated segments of a Telecom network. These methods are usually referred to as “network based”, i.e., they employ a wide area array of antennas and transceivers coupled together, such that a roaming wireless device can be located whenever being contained within the area that is covered by said antennas.
- network based i.e., they employ a wide area array of antennas and transceivers coupled together, such that a roaming wireless device can be located whenever being contained within the area that is covered by said antennas.
- Such methods usually require minimal modifications in the communication devices the location of which is to be determined by this network.
- One such sub-method measures the Angle of Arrival (AOA) of a signal emitted by a roaming wireless device, received at least at two of the network's antennas. Knowing the location of these antennas and the AOA of the received signal, the location of the roaming wireless device can be derived by trigonometric calculations.
- AOA Angle of Arrival
- Another sub-method measures the Time of Arrival (TOA) of a signal emitted by the roaming wireless device, received at least at three of the network's antennas. Knowing the location of these antennas and the TOA of the received signal, the location of the roaming wireless device can be derived.
- the TOA method is based on spherical radio navigation, i.e., the geometric locus of points having a same range from a fixed point is a sphere surface, the fixed point of which is its center.
- the fixed points are the receiving network's antennas and the range is [TOA ⁇ C] for each receiving antenna, wherein “C” is the velocity of light or electromagnetic waves.
- the location of the roaming device is calculated as one of the two points, defined by the crossing sector of all three sphere surfaces (the crossing sector of two spherical surfaces is a circle, and this circle crosses a third sphere surface at two points).
- a fourth antenna is used to remove this ambiguity or to compensate for clock discrepancies.
- the Global Positioning System is based on a TOA method as well.
- the roaming device is known to be essentially on the ground (e.g., mounted in a car)
- the earth globe with proper topography, can be used as an additional reference “sphere” to refine the TOA calculations.
- This approach is especially useful for GPS navigating vessels, particularly in oceans, where the altitude is constant (i.e., is the sea level).
- TOA Time Difference Of Arrival
- TOA Time Difference Of Arrival
- TDOA-AOA An exemplary system that utilizes TDOA and AOA methods for location determination is Sigma-5000 TDOA-AOA, which has been developed by “SigmaOne” (Rehovot science park, Israel). See also www.sigma-1.com/index_flash.htm.
- network-based methods for wireless location determination require a dedicated infrastructure of antennas and transceivers, which is costly and takes substantial time to deploy.
- Another known group of methods for wirelessly determining the location of roaming devices is based on self-location capabilities incorporated in the Telecom end unit (e.g., a wireless “handset” device).
- the unit location can be measured at the unit itself by utilizing corresponding sensors, embedded in the unit. Then, a signal representing this location is transmitted wirelessly over the network to a place where it is required.
- These methods are usually referred to as “handset based”.
- GPS receiver embedded in a mobile Telecom unit.
- a GPS receiver measures its position by processing signals received from navigation satellites, launched by the U.S. Department Of Defense (DOD). Signals from at least 4 satellites are required to reach the antenna of the GPS receiver, in order to allow calculating its location.
- GPS technology is based on a TOA method, however slightly different—multiple transmissions are received at a single receiver. Due to clock discrepancies between satellites and GPS receivers, at least four in-view satellites are required in order to determine a GPS position (only three are required if the altitude is known, as in case of ocean navigation).
- the GPS geographic position is expressed in latitude and longitude coordinates, in addition to altitude above sea level.
- GPS uses the World Geodetic System defined in 1984 (“WGS-84”). Though there are about 100 different local grids in use by cartographers in different parts of the world, in addition to different map projections, WGS-84 coordinates can be converted to any other reference grid.
- GPS receivers have two different versions, military (P code) and civilian (C/A code). After the removal of the intentional degradation—“Selective Availability” (S/A) from the GPS signals, a C/A code GPS receiver can typically achieve an accuracy of better than 50 meters (rms). This position, practically expressed in about 10 bytes, can easily be transmitted over the network, by the same Telecom unit that contains the GPS receiver, to a place where it is required. For further information one might reference the web site www.trimble.com/gps/.
- SiRF California, U.S.A.
- SiRFstarI TM architectures SiRFstarI and SiRFstarII.
- wLANs wireless Local Area Networks
- wPANs wireless Personal Area Networks
- wWAN wireless Wide Area Network
- wLANs support faster data rates and larger transmission distances than wPANs.
- the typical state of the art of a wLAN transmitter range is about 500 meters, while a wPAN transmitter range is typically 10-100 meters.
- IEEE 802. 11 One specific standard for wLANs is IEEE 802. 11.
- WPANs typically replace short communication cables, supporting wireless handset peripherals, such as a keyboard, screen/display, headset, speaker and microphone, or data communications between a cellular handset and a Personal Digital Assistance (PDA), e.g., for updating a telephone list.
- wireless handset peripherals such as a keyboard, screen/display, headset, speaker and microphone
- PDA Personal Digital Assistance
- wPAN wireless-range wireless connectivity
- BT Bluetooth
- BT chips are also low power consumers, typically 100 mw in active mode (receive or transmit—class 3) and about 1 mw in standby mode (“page scan” or “inquiry scan” or “park”), they fit battery operation, and particularly designed to be embedded in cellular handsets and portable computers.
- U.S. Pat. No. 6,246,376 discloses a method for refining GPS positioning by data provided over a Bluetooth (BT) connection, or by the BT received signal. This method might be utilized, for example, for measuring azimuth.
- a cellular handset is utilized, which includes a GPS receiver, a BT radio and additional navigation circuitry, for example a “north-finder”/compass. Such handset calculates its position by GPS, while utilizing also the received BT data signal.
- BT Bluetooth
- additional navigation circuitry for example a “north-finder”/compass.
- Such handset calculates its position by GPS, while utilizing also the received BT data signal.
- handset-based wireless location devices are expensive, consume a considerable amount of power, are relatively big in size and radiate substantial RF power.
- WO/0150151 discloses a way for locating cellular handsets that include a GPS receiver. The data received by the GPS receiver is enhanced, particularly when satellites are blocked, by providing positioning data by nearby Bluetooth base stations.
- communication devices such as mobile telephones
- the invention is directed to a system for determining the geographical location of roaming objects (such as persons, animals, vehicles, goods, mailed/delivered items ammunition and weapons), that comprises: a) a communication network, consisting of at least a plurality of communication devices, each of which having wireless and/or wireline communication capability with other communication devices over said communication network, wherein at least one of said communication devices is mobile (e.g.
- a cellular/mobile network a cellular/mobile network
- wireless communication e.g., according to Bluetooth or IEEE 802.11
- said communication network being capable of obtaining the geographical location of said communication devices and transmitting data representing said geographical location to a destination, over said communication network
- a wireless tag attached to each of said roaming objects, being a wireless device, in which a unique data is stored, said tag being capable of communicating with one or more communication devices and transmitting said unique data to said destination through said communication device(s) and over said communication network
- a control center (which may be a communication device) being, or linked to, said destination, for receiving said unique data from said tag and for using said unique data and the location of the communication device, through which said unique data is transmitted, for determining/displaying or forwarding the geographical location of said tag.
- each communication device comprises: a) a short-range wireless transceiver for communicating with one or more wireless tag(s) being in the vicinity of the communication device; b) a memory for storing multiple unique data transmissions from the same tag, and/or unique data transmissions from different tags; c) circuitry for transmitting the data to the destination, over the communication network; and d) a control circuitry for controlling the communication between the communication device and tags and the transmission of the unique data over the communication network.
- Each communication device may further comprise location determining circuitry for determining the geographical location of the communication device (e.g. a GPS receiver) and circuitry for transmitting data representing the location to the destination.
- location determining circuitry for determining the geographical location of the communication device (e.g. a GPS receiver) and circuitry for transmitting data representing the location to the destination.
- the tag comprises: a) a short-range wireless transceiver for communicating with one or more communication devices being in the vicinity of the tag; b) a memory for storing the unique data; and c) a control circuitry for controlling the communication between the tag and the communication device.
- the data representing the location of the communication device may be determined either by the wireless communication network or by the communication device or by a combination thereof, and may be affiliated into the control signals that are transmitted from the communication device over the communication network, or transmitted as a user's message (e.g., Short Message Service [SMS] or General Packet Radio Services [GPRS]).
- SMS Short Message Service
- GPRS General Packet Radio Services
- the communication between tags and communication devices is established using unlicensed frequency band, around 2.4 GHz and power of transmissions, which is less than 100 mW.
- the tag preferably operates in its power save inactive mode, when communication is not required with communication device(s).
- the unique data may be related to the tag's ID and/or to the time at which the unique data is transmitted.
- the time, at which the unique data is transmitted to communication devices may be recorded by the communication devices. Whenever a new data signal is received by the communication device and its corresponding memory is full, the oldest data stored in the memory may be over-written by the new data.
- control center interrogates the communication devices for the presence of tags in their vicinity, according to the tag ID, the time, the geographical region, or the ID of communication devices, or any combination thereof.
- a subscriber that owns or operates a communication device permits utilizing the communication device for locating tags.
- the subscriber may be paid or otherwise benefit from utilizing his/her communication device for locating tags.
- communication devices will perform these functions as part of the basic mobile system and not require subscriber permission.
- the data representation of the location of tag(s) may be converted from geographic coordinates to a corresponding physical address.
- the wireless communication between the tag and the communication device may be initiated by each one of them, or by the control center, for determining a tag location.
- the location process may be initiated by a signal that is input to the tag by a device that is external to the communication network.
- Communication between the tag and the communication device may be enabled only during specific periods of time, and/or when the communication device and/or the tag are part of a predetermined sub group.
- the location accuracy of the tag may be refined by obtaining distance and/or direction information related to the relative position between the tag and the communication device, or by extrapolation, when the transmission of the unique data from the tag to the communication device and the determination of the location of the communication device are performed at different times.
- the invention is also directed to a wireless tag, attached to a roaming object, for determining the geographical location of the roaming object, the tag being capable of communicating with one or more communication devices being part of a communication network, said communication network being capable of obtaining the geographical location of said communication devices and transmitting data representing said geographical location to a destination, over said communication network, said tag being capable of transmitting, through communication device(s) and over the communication network, a unique data to a destination, at which the geographical location of the tag is determined using the unique data and the location of the communication device, through which the unique data is transmitted, wherein at least one of the communication devices is mobile.
- the invention is also directed to a communication device being part of a communication network that comprises other communication devices, said communication network being capable of obtaining the geographical location of said communication devices and transmitting data representing said geographical location to a destination, over said communication network, said communication devices being capable of communicating with each other and with the communication device, for determining the geographical location of a roaming object by determining the geographical location of a wireless tag, attached to the roaming object, the communication device being capable of communicating with the tag and transmitting, over the communication network, a unique data that is received from the tag to a destination, at which the geographical location of the tag is determined using the unique data and the location of the communication device, wherein at least one of the, or the other communication devices is mobile.
- the invention is further directed to a method for determining the geographical location of roaming objects.
- a communication network that consists of at least a plurality of communication devices is provided, each of which having wireless and/or wireline communication capability with other communication devices over the communication network, such that at least one of the communication devices is mobile, and of establishing wireless communication with other wireless devices in the vicinity of the communication device, the communication network being capable of obtaining the geographical location of the communication devices and transmitting data representing said geographical location to a destination, over the communication network.
- a wireless tag being a wireless device, in which a unique data is stored, is attached to each of the roaming objects. The tag is allowed to communicate with one or more communication devices and to transmit the unique data to the destination through the communication device(s) and over the communication network.
- the unique data from the tag is received in a control center being, or linked to, the destination and the geographical location of the tag is determined using the unique data and the location of the communication device, through which the unique data is transmitted.
- FIG. 1 illustrates a general system for determining the location of roaming devices in an area covered by a communication network (hereinafter referred to as “Telecom network”) according to a preferred embodiment of the invention
- FIG. 2 illustrates the major components of a communication device (hereinafter referred to as TU) according to a preferred embodiment of the invention
- FIG. 2 102 b also illustrates the major components of a tag, the wireless locatable unit, according to a preferred embodiment
- FIG. 3 illustrates in more details the communication network, shown in FIG. 1 , according to a preferred embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a system for determining the geographical location of roaming objects, in an area covered by a communication network (hereinafter referred to as “Telecom network”), according to a preferred embodiment of the invention.
- the system consists of at least one wireless tag 101 , attached to a roaming object, in which a unique data is stored, a plurality of communication devices (hereinafter referred to as TUs, only one TU: 102 is shown), a wireless communication network 103 and a control center (i.e., LS: 104 ).
- a destination which may be, or may be linked to, control center 104
- trough TU 102 and over communication network 103 .
- TU 102 and tag 101 obtain a short-range wireless transceiver (shown in FIG. 2 ), for communicating with each other.
- communication network 103 is a cellular/mobile phone network and TU 102 is a cellular phone handset with an embedded GPS receiver and embedded Bluetooth (“BT”) short-range radio (shown in FIG. 102 ).
- BT embedded Bluetooth
- TU 102 may be a mobile telephone, a portable computer, an Access Point/gateway or a PDA.
- Wireless tag 101 is essentially a BT-based radio (as shown in FIG. 2 102 b) powered by a power supply, preferably a small-sized battery (not shown).
- control center LS 104 is a server computer, connected to communication network 103 .
- the geographical location of TU 102 is determined by utilizing conventional technologies/methods (e.g., GPS). Therefore, the location of wireless tag 101 , when in the vicinity of TU 102 and when a short-range wireless connectivity is achieved between them, can be determined.
- the data representative of the location of TU 102 may be determined by communication network 103 , by TU 102 , or by a combination thereof.
- Attempts to establish a wireless connection between a wireless tag and a TU may be carried out either by the tag or by the TU; i.e., a tag may transmit inquiring/paging/seeking signals in order to interrogate for the presence of nearby TUs, and vice versa.
- tags such as tag 101
- TUs such as TU 102
- TUs continuously monitor, and respond to, such inquiries.
- a wireless link 105 is established and digital data is transmitted from tag 101 to TU 102 .
- tag-TU wireless connection 105 compiles with the Bluetooth standard, power class 2, typically covering a distance of 10 meters. Therefore, tag 101 must be located essentially within this range from TU 102 , for several seconds, in order to allow successful determination of its location.
- Communication link 106 may be either wireline or wireless, or a combination thereof, for allowing communication with other components of the network, such as other TUs (i.e. similar to TU 102 ) and LS 104 .
- communication link 105 and communication link 106 utilize different frequency bands in order to avoid communication interference.
- no prior knowledge of each other or synchronization (“pairing”) is required between tags and TUs for establishing communication link 105 , as long as they both comply with the same communication standard (e.g. BT standard), which supports ad hoc connections.
- link 105 could be established between a tag that roams around the world (e.g. embedded in a letter), and BT-enabled cellular devices that are encountered on its way.
- Communication link 105 may be based on unlicensed frequency band, due to its short-range nature, particularly, on a frequency band around 2.4 GHz.
- tag 101 normally remains in a “power-save inactive” (i.e. “Standby”) mode while no communication is required with TUs.
- a corresponding trigger signal may switch it to active mode, to enable establishing BT connection 105 with any TU 102 in the vicinity of tag 101 .
- the triggering signal may be prompted inside the tag, by a timer contained within the tag, or can be initiated from an external source, such as an alarm system.
- link 105 is established, the tag's ID is transmitted to the TU, with other optional data, such as the tag's battery status.
- Tag 101 remains in its active mode for a certain period of time, trying to establish a connection as many as N times, and, then, switches back to power-save mode. This policy is carried out in order to save the tag's battery power, but also to save “airtime” over the Telecom network.
- N There is a trade-off in determining the parameter N: a high value increases the probability to determine the tag's location, but a low value saves tag's and TU's power and airtime over the network.
- the tag's report may be recorded in a memory or storage array, or immediately relayed to LS 104 .
- TU is preferably a cellular handset featured with a GPS receiver, so the handset's position at the time that the tag reported its ID is monitored and the control center that receives both the tag's ID and nearby TU location, can report the tag's location.
- LS 104 is a server allowing to locate tags of interest.
- at least one parameter from the group of ⁇ Tag ID; TIME; Geographical Region; TU ID ⁇ is used in the interrogation message/signal that is transmitted over the network, seeking TUs that are (or recently were, or will be) in contact with tags, according to said input parameters.
- the corresponding TUs transmit back the relevant data/records, to LS 104 , then LS 104 reports to the client the results of this interrogation i.e., the current, or the last known, location of the tag, including the time that corresponds to this location.
- LS server 104 retrieves the tag's geographic coordinates (i.e., latitude and longitude) and using proper software (GIS—Geographical Information System) and digital maps, convert geographic coordinates into a corresponding physical address, being more friendly to the client.
- GIS Geographic Information System
- FIG. 2 illustrates the building blocks of TU 102 (see FIG. 1 ).
- TU 102 comprises a cellular handset 102 c, into which GPS receiver 102 a and basic BT radio transceiver 102 b are integrated, according to the preferred embodiment of the invention.
- GPS receiver 102 a allows determining the location of TU 102
- BT radio 102 b is a short-range radio that is utilized as a radio interface between cellular handset 102 c and a nearby tag (not shown, but is illustrated in FIG. 2 102 b) for allowing receiving a corresponding data signal from the nearby tag.
- the content of the data signal is related to the ID number/code of the tag and, optionally, to additional data, such as an input from an external alarm system (not shown).
- FIG. 2 depicts a specific GPS module: GPS-MS1E, a product of u-blox from Switzerland.
- the GPS-MS1E module is based on the set of electronic chips SiRFstar/LXTM made by SiRF from U.S.A.
- OEM GPS receiver 102 a can be from Trimble USA (e.g. “Lassen LP GPS” or “SVeeEight Plus GPSTM module”—see http://www.trimble.com/oem.html) or u-blox from Switzerland (e.g. GPS-PS1E or GPS-MS1E, see http://www.u-blox.ch/gps/gps-ps1e/index.html) or SiRF USA (e.g. SiRFstarI or SiRFstarII, see http://www.sirf.com/products.html).
- Trimble USA e.g. “Lassen LP GPS” or “SVeeEight Plus GPSTM module”—see http://www.trimble.com/oem.html
- u-blox from Switzerland
- GPS-PS1E or GPS-MS1E see http://www.u-blox.ch/gps/gps-ps1e/index.html
- SiRF USA e.g. SiRF
- the internal interface between the circuitry of handset 102 c and GPS receiver 102 a is an RS-232 interface.
- any other serial or parallel interface can be utilized.
- a TU unit that is based on a cellular handset, which already includes an original “built-in” GPS receiver, such as made by SiRF USA (e.g. SiRFstarI or SiRFstarII, see http://www.sirf.com/products.html), and add a BT radio.
- the embedded BT radio is, for example, a CSRs BC01M2 module.
- the additional BT module may be preferably interfaced over a serial RS-232 link, or any other serial or parallel interface.
- the CPU of handset 102 c is capable of controlling BT radio 102 b and GPS receiver 102 a, in addition to its original tasks as a cellular phone.
- a proper software module is affiliated into handset 102 c; i.e., into the integrated TU, to enable a position fix by GPS 102 a, as well as the communication with nearby tag(s), through BT radio 102 b.
- BT radio 102 b receives a data signal from a nearby tag (not shown), the corresponding data is temporarily stored in Flash memory 201 , or, alternatively, in a different memory (not shown) that is embedded in the integrated cellular handset 102 .
- Bluetooth communication means 102 b is embedded into tag 101 (shown in FIG. 1 ), and a similar one into TU 102 , for interfacing cell phone handset 102 c, according to a preferred embodiment of the invention.
- BT 102 b is based on an Integrated Circuit (IC) manufactured by Cambridge Silicon Radio (CSR)—bc01 or bc01M or bc02, a 2.4 GHz antenna and powered by a 3-volts source, possibly a battery.
- CSR Cambridge Silicon Radio
- bc01 chips require an external Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory (EPROM), preferably Flash EPROM, while bc01M or bc02 might utilize an optional EEPROM.
- EPROM Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory
- One may refer to the web site http://www.csr.com/ for further information. A more general view can be found at http://www.bluetooth.com/, including a list of alternative products.
- FIG. 3 illustrates a general communication network 300 , which comprises a plurality of base stations 301 , cellular phone handsets TU, such as TU 302 , a plurality of satellites, such as 303 and location center (or “Location Server”—LS) 304 .
- LS 304 launches an interrogation signal by communication path 305 and over network 300 , seeking a tag 306 having a specific ID.
- the signal is received by TU 302 via either one of base stations 301 , with, or without, utilizing satellite 303 .
- roaming objects may be persons, animals, vehicles, goods, mailed/delivered items, ammunition and weapons.
- the communication link between tags and TUs may be enabled during specific periods of time. It is also possible to relate to a sub group of tags and/or a sub group of TUs.
- a client connects, from a fixed or mobile computer or other I/O device as mobile phone or PDA, to the Location Server (LS), and inputs a password/code related to the ID of the tag, the location of which is to be determined/found.
- the LS then automatically initiates an interrogation session by launching/transmitting a corresponding interrogation signal, and after receiving an answer message from the corresponding TU, the LS reports the requested tag's location to the client.
- clients may call the LS operator over the phone, asking for locating a specific tag. The LS operator then initiates an interrogation session and reports back the interrogation results to the client(s).
- the trigger for establishing a communication between the tag and a TU comes from an external device (e.g. an alarm system or sensor) interfacing the tag, in order to save the tag's battery power.
- an external device e.g. an alarm system or sensor
- the accuracy of the tag location can be refined by obtaining the distance and/or direction information related to the relative position between the tag and the corresponding TUs. If either the TU or the tag can assess the range or direction to the opposite device by other methods (e.g. methods for calculating the range between two BT-based units), this assessment may be processed in order to refine the tag's location (which otherwise is assessed as the nearby TU location). An additional refinement can be achieved by extrapolating the TU's position in case when the transmission from the tag to the TU and the determination of the location of the TU are performed at different times.
- the tag is utilized for determining the location of a child that was lost, for example, in an amusing park.
- the child wears the tag as a wristwatch and this tag does not initiate inquiries but periodically monitors possible interrogation signals.
- a control center e.g., an LS server
- the control center Upon inputting the ID of the child's tag, or any other password related unambiguously to this tag, the control center broadcasts an interrogation signal over the cellular network, interrogating for this tag.
- cellular phones try to establish a BT connection with this specific tag, including phones of other people visiting this park.
- the child's location is determined and the control center calls back the child's escort and reports the child's location, guiding him/her to the child, preferably assisted by a digital map displayed on his/her mobile phone.
- the LS is capable of directing an interrogation signal to a (selected) specific limited geographical region(s), wherein a specific tag (the location of which is to be determined) is expected to be found (e.g. in an amusing park), thereby avoiding disturbing other parts/areas of the network to which this specific interrogation session is not relevant. Failing to find the specific tag in a specific area, the search for the tag might be selectively extended to other areas.
- the wireless tag is used for detecting the presence and the location of the intruder by utilizing his own cell phone.
- the car's alarm system integrates a wireless tag. Once the alarm system detects that the car was been intruded unlawfully, it triggers the tag, which in turn tries to establish a BT link with a nearby BT enabled cellular phone. In case that the intruder carries such a device, the tag transfers to the intruder's phone its ID and a pre-defined message code that indicates the alarm status.
- the cellular phone Upon interpreting the alarm code, the cellular phone transmits the data to the LS, or to a linked control center, where appropriate measures are taken.
- the control center is capable of keeping track of the location of the car (and of the intruder, while driving the car). If at some point the intruder leaves the car, his location can be further tracked after he moves away from the car, while the car's last known location is recorded at the place where the intruder deserted it.
- communication is enabled when the TU and/or the tag are part of a predetermined sub group.
- the army may wish that tags, attached to military objects , such as weapons, vehicles and soldiers will respond only to interrogation signals that are transmitted from its authorized TUs.
- a “time window/gap” may be added as a criterion for activating a tag report.
- a museum is open to the public at specific working hours.
- a wireless tag is affixed to each object/item that should be protected in the museum.
- tags try to establish a BT link with passing-by cellular phones, excluding some predefined phones that belong to the museum staff. These tags are registered in the control center, together with the cell phone ID numbers of the employees.
- a proper alarm message is transmitted by the tag affixed to the object, by the passing-by phone, to the control center.
- a wireless tag is utilized for tracking (valuable) goods as they are transported from one place to another.
- Such goods may be gasoline/oil/gas containers, dangerous and/or precious chemicals, precious stones, diamonds, money/bonds, weapons, gold/silver/platinum bars, electronic equipment (e.g., television sets, computers, stereo radio, video sets) etc.
- a wireless tag is affixed to the vehicle carrying the goods, as well as to each item/good (wherever possible). As long as the tags attached to the transported goods detect the vehicle tag, their state is defined as normal. Once these tags cannot communicate with the vehicle tag, over BT communication, this may lead to a conclusion that goods have been stolen, and each tag is triggered to report its status (and therefore, its location), using any passing-by BT enabled cellular device as a gateway.
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- Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims (68)
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US11785424B1 (en) | 2021-06-28 | 2023-10-10 | Wm Intellectual Property Holdings, L.L.C. | System and method for asset tracking for waste and recycling containers |
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US7155238B2 (en) | 2006-12-26 |
US20060009240A1 (en) | 2006-01-12 |
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