USRE423E - Improvement in machinery for making cord - Google Patents

Description

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

W'lLLIAM E. NIOHOLS.`0F EAST HADDAM, CONNECTICUT.

IMPROVEMENT INI MACHINEnY Foa MAKlNGcoaD.

ASpeciieatnn vlibrarirg-partiel"Ilettes Patent dated December l1, l549; Reissue No. 423, dated January 20, 1857. i

To all whom 'it may concern:

Be it known that I, WILLIAM E. NICHOLS, of East Haddam, in the county of Middlesex and State of Connecticut, have invented certian new and useful improvementsin machinery for the manufacture of all kinds of twisted the manner in which the bobbinframcs are turned onthei-r own axes to twist theyarns...

from the vbobbins, which they respectively carry, into strands, while at the same time they are carried round a common center to twist the strands into a cord. The manner in lwhich the relative amount of twist given io the i cord and the individual strands of which it is composed can .be varied at will, and the manner of layingthe yarns of the strands.

In theaccompanying drawings the principal frame A, on whichthe several parts'of the machine are mounted, is of a rectangular form, made of wood,`and its parts secured torether by jointbolts .It may, however, be made of any suitable form and material. Upon the lower part of the frame a metal ring, B, is secured in a horizontal position, whose upper side is inclined down and inward, so as to form an inclined annularr surface or track, a, of considerable width, for the vpulleys which carry the bobbin-frames to roll op. [n the center of this rin g an upright revolving shaft,

C, is secured, its lower end resting lin a step,

I), on one of t-he lower cross-bars of the frame, and its upper end, on which the laying-top is` formed, passingthrough an upright bearing in a bridge, c, across the top of the frame. A platform, D, of the shaft G in such a position that its upper surface will be somewhat below the inner edge of the inclined surface'cil of the ring B. In

this platform a series of equidistant radiah relative motion.

rate. therefrom, and

is secured upon the lower part,

slots, d, are formed, in each of which'an upright pivot, .6, is secured by a'clamp-screw, that it may be adjusted at different distances from the shaft C, These pivots drive and keepin theproper position the bobbin-frame Ey whose hollow axes are made to lit upon them,

The nebbia-frames consist of a platform, f, surmounted hyan upright central stem, g, and a series ot' upright equidistant. -bohbimspindles, h, arranged in a circle concentric with the stem, the surface of the platform fl around the base ot each spindle being covered with leather, j', to increase the friction on the end ot'v lthe bobbin-spools resting thereon, and thereby prevent the thread from unwinding too fast. Each platform f'hasapulley, z, formed ,on itsnnde'rfsideccncmtric with its stem, the

pulley having a groove on its periphery to re-' ceive an endless cord, which may pass round the pulleys of all the platforms to equalize the Thelower sides of the pulleys f2 are rounded olf on the outer edges and covered with leather to increasev their adhesion to the surface a of the ring B, on which they respectively rest, and support the weight of the bobbiir-frames E, which are held in an upright position and at the proper distance from the shaft (l by the pivots e. Itis obvious that this Wheel or pulley (shown as making the lower part of pulley f) may be entirely sepabe held by well-known means concentricallywith the spindle g and op- .poste any desired point thereof, th e position of the surface onwhich it travels being adapted thereto. 'The lower part of the stem gj's enlarged and its axis'made hollow to receive the upper part of the pivote. The upper end of the enlarged portion of the stem has a' collar, g', surrounding it, beneath which one or more transverse openings, t', are made through it, according to the number of bobbins whose yarn is intendedv to be laid into each' strand. From the upper side of the collar y a perforation, g2,'is made obliquely downward, which terminates in the opening i at the axis of. the stem. vErorn the center of-the'top of the stern a perforation is made obliqucly downward, termine-ting at the periphery a short distance but not so tightly as to prevent'their .sliding up or down and' turning freely.-

^ The upper end of the shaft C has a ards J. On the middle of this below the top. All these perforations and openings in the stem lnust havevthe angles of their orifices rounded oii and made smooth to prevent the threads or strands from being abradcth A short distance above the level of the tops of the stems ga disk, F, is secured to the shaft Q, having a series of equidistant radial arms, k, one of which projects over each stem, so that an eye, k', in 'its outenend will be immediately above the oriee in the top of the stem. The arms 7c are adjustable, so that their position may be chan ged to correspond with the changes in the position of the stein Y, g, caused by the adjustment of the bobbini'rames for the purpose of varying their speed. layingtop, G, formed on itof theusual construction, above the apex of which is a tube, m,'for the laid cord to pass through, and which is capable of expansion and contraction. This tube is coinposed of two parts, one half being formed in the end of the block H, the other in thc end ofthe lever H', hinged thereto. The block E is held in position by a clamp screw, l, passing4 through a slot in its outer end into the bridge c. This arrangement admits of the adjustment of the block nearer to or farther .from the apex ofthe top G to adapt the tube m to the colnpression of a smaller or larger cord.l It likewise admits of the turning of the block on the clamp-screw `l as .its hinge to move the tube to one side of the top to rethread the strands through the latter -in case of their being accidentally broken, which sometimes occurs. When the ouar end or long arm of the lever H' is raised, the tube mis expanded, and when it is depressed the tu beis contracted. To contract the tube m with the requisite force upon the cord, to condense, smooth, and give it a 'y cylindrical form and retard its passage by friction, so that the tension to which it is sub- -jected in-being drawn through by the reel will thoroughly stretch it, a weight must be hung upon the lever H at a greater or less distance from its fulcrum as the pressure required is greater or less. Across the top of the frame a shaft, I, is supported by boxes in the standshaft a sh cave, K, is secured, a tangent line from the periph ery of the bottom of the groove ot which coincides with the axis of the tube m and shaft gil, so that the cordwhen wound round this sheave may be drawn by it'vertically through the compressing-tube m. Another sheave', L, is secured upon the shaft I to drive a corresponding sheave, M, on the axle'of the reel N.

p The reel is constructed in the usual manner,-

its axis being supported in` suitable bearings iu the standards O, which project up from the back` of the frame A. Motion is communicated to the upright shaft C from the horizontal shaft P through the medium ofa pair of bevel-wheels, n, one of which is secured to the lower end of the shaft G, and the other to'the shaft P. The shaft I likewise derives motionv from the horizontal shaft I through in suitable bearings in the side of the frame A, the shaft Q having a wornrwheel, o, on its lower end,which gears into an endless screw on the shaft P, and on its upper end a bevelwheel, p, which gears into a similar bevielwhecl on the shaft l`. The reel is turned by a band driven by the sheave L, and shouldhave a tendency to turn somewhat faster than the cord is supplied lto it for the purpose of keeping it stretched as it winds it up. The main driving-,shaft 1 -is put in motion by steam or other power, as may be found most conven-l ient, and this motion may be transmitted .to

the several. parts just described in variouslikewise be put in motion by belts from oney line-shaft, but this arrangement need only be mentioned to be understood by amachinist.

The bobbins lt ot' yarn are prepared by spinning machinery in the usual manner and transferred from the spinning-frames to the spindles h of the bobbin-fraincs E.' Four'bobbins are shown on eachJ frame, but more or less than this number may be used as the number of yarns in the strand are requiredv to beincreased or diminished. Three bobbiu-frames only are represen ted, but they must be as numerous as the strands required to be twisted and laid into one cord. The' yarns are passed from the bobbins into the orilces i of the stems (1, and thence through the tube g2,`where they all combine to fo m the strand s, which is then wound once or more times round the upper part ol' the stem, and then passed through the tune g3 and out at its top, and

through the eye 7c ot' the arm Ic, and thence through the converging tubes ot' the laying-A `top'G,

where all the strands from the several bobbinframes meet and are laid together to form the cord r, which then passes up through the com pressing-tube m tofthe sheave k, round y which it is wound several/times to prevent slipping, and'thence carried to the reel N, upon which it is wound as fast as it is iinished.

It is obvious that my principle of giving revolution to the frames while laying the cord is equally applicable whether said frames are lled with bobbins of yarns, cans of roving, r a single bobhin containing the strand pre,- viously made. 'The bobbins, yarns,` and strands being thus arranged, and all the parts ot' the machine in order, the shaft P is put in motion, which turns the upright shaft O in the direction indicated by the arrow, carrying round with it the platform D, whose adjustable pivots e drive the bobbinfframes E round the inclined 'surface a, of the ring B, on which their pulleys fz rest, and the friction against which causing -the pulleys to roll, the bobbin frames E will be rotated on their own yielding track.

n unwound with regularity. tension and twist proportionate to each other, the greatest tension being at the top of the axes at the same time they are carried round the axis of the shaft C by the platform D. vUy adjusting` the pivots, wheel or pulley f, which drives the bobbin-frames at a In this manner the relative number of the revolutions which each of the bobbin-frames E and the shaft'C, respectively, perform may be changed at will with the greatest vnicety,

and with but little trouble or diticulty, which isa feature otmuch importance as respects the.

twisting of cotton cordage, where the strands should bc twisted as much as the strength of the fiber will admit et. rlhis method ot' driving the bobbin-i'rames is i'ar preferable to anyl arrangement that has previously been adopted for the purpose, whether by'cog-whecls, belts and pulleys, or the rolling ot' pulleys on a. It takes much less power to drive them, is more durable, they run more smoothly an d noiselessly, and' give amoreuniform twist to the strand, and by reason of the absence of `ierhs and jarring in their motion, admit ot more twist being put into the strand Ythrfcan be done when they are otherwise driven. The twist is given to the strands by the turning of the stems or spindles on which theyarns of which they are constituted are laid. The twist of the strand should in gen! eral hethe contrary7 way from the twist ofthe individual yarns. In laying the'yarns into the strand a very im portant'oice'is performed by theupperportion of the stem g, the friction between whose surface and the strand wound round it admits of the necessary tension bein g without 'unwinding the yarn too fast from the bobbin. It likewise prevents the twist from extending to theyarns individually below the tube g, which would entangle them with the yarn on the bobbin and prevent it from being It also makes the stern when thc twist is the greatest, while both the twist and the tension gradually di# -minish in approaching toward thev collar g',

being exhausted by friction where the former ceases and the latter exists with barely suin cientforceto unwind the yarn from the bob'- bins.

and tension prevents the threads from over-A This gradual and proportional twisting lying each other, lays them regularly and evenly side by side, and makes a smooth and even strand, wit-hout which it is impossible to .make smooth and even cord. The friction of facturer. rectly into the compressingtube an, which grips the stra-nds on all the stems being the same, the relative tension of all the strands is the same, which causes them to be laid into the cord with a degree ot cvcnness and regularity otherwise unattainable.A On the laying-top (i all the strands meet andare twisted together to form the cord by the rotation of the shaft U, the twisting ot' the cord bein the contrary way from the twist of its individual stra-nds, it takes out from them a portion ot' what was given to them by the stems g of the vbobbintrames, andas the good quality of all cordage, but cotton twincs especially, is in agreat degree proportioned to the hardness of its own proper twist and that ot' its strands, everything which tends to render the strands capable of bearing` an increase ot' twist, where, in the first instance, it must of necessitybe in excess, is of vital importance to the manurIhc cord as soon as laid passes diit with `such a degree ot force as will smooth down any irregularities and prevent it from be ing ldra wnforward to the reel by thc sheave K without subjecting .it to all the tension it will bear without injury to its strength. In this manner all the cord is uniformly and thoroughly stretched as fast as it is made, which gives it increased value t'or any purpose which it may be used for, but especially for seines and other purposes connectcdwith Iisheries.

It is quite obvious that a great variety of minor modifications can be made in every-part of the structure and arrangement ofthe mechn anismbefore described without in any degree.

changing the principle on which it operates, and/such modifications may even be advisable to adapt it to the performance of different kinds ot' and qualities of workjbut these modifications would .be so 'readily comprehended by and so obvious to any competent mechauician conversant with the structure and operation of such machinery that a particular` description of them is deemed unnecessary.

What I claim in the foregoing as my invention, and desire isl 1. Twisting or controlling the twist of the strands while the main frame is revolving to lay' them into cord by causing an even-faced wheel attached concentrically to and revolvto secure by Letters Patent,

ing with the bobbin-frame to travel over a fixed and smooth surfacefi'rictiou causing the vframe to revolve.

2. Revolving the bobbin-frames'on their own axes to twist the strands, at the same time that they are carried round a common center to twist the cord, by rolling them on the surface f 'A of a stationary annularinclined track, toward the inner or outer periphery of which they can be adjusted to run, so as to vary the relative 'twist of the strands and cords, substantially y as herein set forth;,but I make no'claim'to the mere turning of the hobbin-franies by friction by any of the devices .usually employed for similar purposes. y

3. Theoonstruction vim d arrangement of the centralstem or spindle of the bobbinframe, operating substantially :is herein -set fort-l1, whereby the yarns are collectively subjected to progressively increasing tension and twist irom the oommeucemeutto the end of the pr"o cess of laying them into Vthe strand, whereby the letter is rendered smooth 'andregulan in its figure and of uniform density sind strengch, und subjected to'uniform tension while being leid into the cord.

WILLIAM E. NIC EIOLS,

In presence of W. I. N. FITZGERALD, JOHN J. MURRAY.

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