USRE3709E - Improved mode of making the skeins of axle-arms for carriages - Google Patents

Description

G. SCHREYER.

Mode of Making the Skeins of Axle Arms for Carriages.

Reissued Nov. 2. 1869.

N. PETERS. mam-W. \lnlu'ngiun. QC.

new chit-i 12.

GOT TLIEB SOHREYE'R,

OF COLUMBUS, OHIO.

Letters Patent No. 32,255, dated May 7, 1861 reissue No. 3,709, dated November 2, 1869.

IMPROVED MODE 0:. MAKING THE sxnms or AXLE-ARMS FOR cnmun'ens.

The Schedule referred to in these Letters Patent and making part of the same.

I, GOTTLIEB Scnnnrnn, oi Oolumbus, in the county of Franklin, and State of Ohio, have invented certain Improvements in Metallic Skeins for the Axles of Carriages, of which the following is a'specification.

Nature and Objects of the Invention.

This invention relates to metallic skeins for carriageaxles, formed from sheet-metal, in such manner that the material is so disposed as to meet the conditions ofwcar and strength, as hereinafter explained, and in such form, that when attached to the axle, its transverse strength is greatly increased; and

It consists First. in forming such skeins with their outer and inner circumferences eccentric with each other, the metal being thickest on the bottom, to receive and withstand the wear which falls at that point.

Secondly, it consists in constructing such skeins with an extension, passing back beneath and bolted to the axle, giving great strength to the wood, where it would otherwise be weak, and by the same means providing a suitable and safe fastening for the skein outside, and independent of the wearing-parts.

My invention also consists in many features of minor importance in the manufacture of such skeins, as will be hereinafter explained in the technical description, and by the aid of the drawings.

Description of the Accompanying Draw h1g8.

Figure 1 is a top view of an axle-skein, embodying my improvement. g

Figure 2 is a longitudinal section of the same, applied to a carriage-axle.

Figure 3 shows the blank or plate, from which the axle is formed.

' Figure 4 is a plane view of the plate, with its outline as formed before bent into the form of the skein.

Figure 5 is an edge view of fig. 4, and Figure 6 is an end view of the same. Figure 7 is a transverse section. on the line a: z,. fi 2.

Figure 8 is a transverse section on the line y-y of fi 2.

Similar letters of reference, on the different figures, indicate corresponding parts. General Description of the Shcin, and the Mode of its Manufacture. The rectangular plate A, fig. 3, is, by forging, rolling, or other process, brought to the form shown in figs. 4, 5, and 6, the first process usually being ,to shear off the corners, so as to form the extension for fastening the skein to the axle, and for supporting the axle, as shown. The precise form of the piece sh own in fig. 4 need not be followed; the angular corners hown may be avoided, and a plain triangular piece be cut oif, the efi'ectibeing merely to change the completedform of the extension-sheath B, that passes beyond the bearing, and supports the axle, as shown in figs. 1 and 2.

The plate is then reduced or drawn toward the edges, as shown in the section, fig. 6, and in such manner as to produce, when bent, the sections show in figs. 7 and 8.

The plate thus formed is bent into a tapering cy lindrical tube, by any of the well-known appliances used for such purpose, and presents the forms shown in-figs. 1 and 2, 7 and 8, the bottom being as represented in figs. 2 and 8-, much thicker than the top, to, withstand the wear, which is very great on such skeins when heavy loads are hauled.

The top of the skein, at ff, fig. 8, as reduced, be-

comes, in a degree, flexible, and when the skein is driven on, clamps the wood firmly, and insures a perfect fit.

The skein thus prepared has a band, E, fitted on, to form a shoulder, as shown in figs. 1 and 2. The smaller end is provided with proper mechanical appliances to keep the wheel on. A plug may be welded in, having an extension, to receive a nut, as shown in fig. 1 of the drawings, or the skein maybe an open cylinder, and threads formed on the periphery, as described in my Letters Patent, of May 4, 1869, for improved axle-skein, while in' some cases the common linchpin is found preferable, it being well understood that any of the well-known devices for retaining loose wheels upon their spindles, either in carriages or in machinery may be employed for the purpose, without altering in any manner the nature of my invention.

When the smaller end of the skein is left open, and i no plug used, as in figs. 1 and 2, they are usually welded for a short distance farenongh to receive a screw-thread, for an external nut, or an internal screwplug, or to receive the holes for a linchpin, although they may be made open through their entire length on the top side. 1

The extension that passes back beneath the axle, forms a strong support for the axle, atthe shoulder of the tenon. The strength thus added by this form of skein is so great that the diameter of the whole can be greatly reduced. Without this extension, the fulcrum and breaking-point of. strain falls at the shoulder-collar E, and has nothing-to resist it but the tensile strength of the wood on the bottom side, while in the form here shown, the strength .of themetal is added to the wood, also, the transverse strength of the skein, as will be readily understood by those skilled in such manufactures.

The skein is fastened on mainly by the bolt a, shown in fig. 2, which passes through the supporting-extem sion of the skein, and may be employed to connect the framing, as shown in the same figure, but additional bolts, clips, or other fastenings may be used, when necessary. Nails or screws may, for greater security, be applied, as shown at c, fig. 2, but the main tenon need not, in any case, be perforated .or cut away, thereby impairing its strength. i Steel, from its superior hardness and qualities for wear, is generally employed for the manufacture of these skeins; they may also be hardened to any degree,.after they are formed. Wrought-iron may also be used, and the surface case-hardened, or otherwise, the form of the skein beingsuch as to withstand these processes without injury.

gradually-decreasing thickness, as hereinbefore set forth and illustrated in the drawings.

'2. An axle skein, made of one plate, with its under part back of shouldento extend back far enough to give the wood axle any desired support, constructed as and for the purposes hercinbefore set forth.

Witnesses: GOTTLIEB SOHREYER;

T. G. OONNOLLY, H. T. IVIUNSON.

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