USRE36331E - Use of L-carnitine and alkanoyl L-carnitines in the storage of blood for transfusions and stabilizing solutions containing them - Google Patents
Use of L-carnitine and alkanoyl L-carnitines in the storage of blood for transfusions and stabilizing solutions containing them Download PDFInfo
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- USRE36331E USRE36331E US09/035,028 US3502898A USRE36331E US RE36331 E USRE36331 E US RE36331E US 3502898 A US3502898 A US 3502898A US RE36331 E USRE36331 E US RE36331E
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- carnitine
- acid
- alkanoyl
- pharmaceutically acceptable
- acceptable salt
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N1/00—Preservation of bodies of humans or animals, or parts thereof
- A01N1/02—Preservation of living parts
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N1/00—Preservation of bodies of humans or animals, or parts thereof
- A01N1/02—Preservation of living parts
- A01N1/0205—Chemical aspects
- A01N1/021—Preservation or perfusion media, liquids, solids or gases used in the preservation of cells, tissue, organs or bodily fluids
- A01N1/0226—Physiologically active agents, i.e. substances affecting physiological processes of cells and tissue to be preserved, e.g. anti-oxidants or nutrients
Definitions
- the present invention consists in a new non-therapeutic use of L-carnitine, alkanoyl L-carnitines and their pharmacologically acceptable salts as preservative agents for blood transfusions.
- the present invention also consists in new stabilizing solutions for the storage of blood containing L-carnitine, alkanoyl L-carnitines or their pharmacologically acceptable salts.
- alkanoyl L-carnitines are acetyl, propionyl, butyryl, isobutyryl, valeryl and isovaleryl L-carnitine.
- L-carnitine we shall refer only to L-carnitine, in the understanding, however, that the description also applies to the above-mentioned alkanoyl L-carnitines and their pharmacologically acceptable salts.
- L-carnitine is necessary for the translocation of fatty acids within the mitichondria where betaoxidation takes place.
- L-carnitine is used in the cardiovascular field for the treatment of acute and chronic myocardial ischaemia, angina pectoris, heart failure and cardiac arrhythmias.
- L-carnitine is administered to chronic uraemics undergoing regular haemodialytic treatment to combat myasthenia and the onset of muscular cramps.
- the temperature must be such as to allow a reduction of the metabolic activity of the erythrocytes without damaging them.
- the optimal temperature is 4° C. ⁇ 2° C.
- the stabilizing solutions must be able to make the blood unclottable, to reduce the glycolytic activity of the red blood cells and, at the same time, permit such activity by providing an adequate substrate.
- the efficacy of a stabilizing solution is assessed by observing both the alterations arising in the erythrocytes in vitro and their survival in vivo, after variable periods of storage at optimal temperature.
- the alterations to the erythrocytes in vitro can be checked by evaluating the amount of haemoglobin released by the erythrocytes, their osomotic and mechanical fragility, the changes in their shape and volume and the chemical changes they undergo.
- the stabilizing solutions used to date do not allow good storage of blood for more than 14 to 21 days.
- the in-vivo survival rates of erythrocytes 24 h after transfusion are 90 and 80%, respectively; it is also well known that the red blood cells that remain in circulation 24 h after transfusion have a survival rate equal to that of fresh blood.
- erythrocytes undergo alterations with formation of spherocytes and burr cells.
- the erythrocytes swell and lose potassium and haemoglobin, which then increases in the plasma.
- 2,3-DPG (2,3-diphosphoglycerate) there is a reduction in 2,3-DPG (2,3-diphosphoglycerate) and thus an increase in the affinity of haemoglobin for oxygen, which is released to tissues in smaller amounts.
- the alterations of erythrocytes stored in ACD may be at least partly corrected by adding phosphate to the stabilizing solution.
- CPD carbonate-phsophate-dextrose
- phosphate concentration-phsophate-dextrose
- the addition of phosphate gives rise to the maintenance of a higher level of 2,3-DPG and thus a lower affinity of haemoglobin for oxygen.
- the in-vivo survival of erythrocytes stored in CPD is little better, if not indeed identical to that of erythrocytes stored in ACD.
- the invention described herein consists in the use of L-carnitine and its pharmacologically acceptable salts for the production of stabilizing solutions for the storage of blood for transfusions.
- the invention also consists in stabilizing solutions for the storage of blood for transfusion characterized by the fact that they contain L-carnitine or one of its pharmacologically acceptable salts.
- L-carnitine pharmacologically acceptable salts of L-carnitine, apart from the L-carnitine internal salt, is any L-carnitine salt with an acid which does not give rise to unwanted side effects. These acids are well known to pharmacologists and to experts in pharmacy.
- Non-exclusive examples of such salts are chloride, bromide, orotate, aspartic acid, acid citrate, acid phosphate, fumarate and acid fumarate, maleate and acid maleate, acid oxalate, acid sulphate, glucose phosphate, tartrate and acid tartrate.
- An example of a stabilizing solution according to the invention is composed of:
- FIG. 1 is a graph representing the osomotic fragility of eythrocytes as a function of storage time (expressed in weeks);
- FIG. 2 is a graph representing the haemoglobin concentration (in mg/dL) in the storage medium as a function of storage time (expressed in weeks);
- FIG. 3 is a graph representing the percentage of burr cells in the storage medium as a function of storage time (expressed in weeks).
- CPDA-1 CPDA-1 composition: 110 mM glucose; 55 mM mannitol; 25.8 mM K 2 HPO 4 ; 14.7 mM KH 2 PO 4 ; 17.9 mM potassium citrate
- the blood was poured into the above-mentioned bags by means of a centrifuge which allowed the formed elements of the haematic mass to be separated from the erythrocytes.
- erythrocytes were collected at weekly intervals for the purpose of conducting a number of microscopic and biochemical examinations.
- the eryrocyte suspension was immediately examined under a phase-contrast microscope to estimate the percentage content of burr cells, which are pathological erythrocytes with a star-type morphology. Later, the eryrthocyte suspension was centrifuged, and the buffy coat was used to determine the haemoglobin content according to a method involving the derivatization of the latter to cyanomethaemoglobin (International Committee for Standardization in Haematology, S. Clin. Pathol. (1978), 31:139-145).
- the haemoglobin content measured is an indicator of the degree of haemolysis the erythrocyte undergoes in the course of storage in the bags.
- erythrocyte osmotic fragility was evaluated according to the method of Dacie and Lewis (Dacie J. V. and Lewis S. M., Practical Haematology, New York: Churchill Livingstone, 1984: 152-6). The osmotic fragility was calculated as the amount of sodium chloride necessary (in mM/L) to obtain 50% haemolysis.
Abstract
Solutions which contain L-carnitine and alkanoyl L-carnitine are useful for stabilizing blood for transfusions.
Description
This application is a Reissue application of Ser. No. 08/253,275, filed Jun. 2, 1994, U.S. Pat. No. 5,496,821. .Iaddend.
The present invention consists in a new non-therapeutic use of L-carnitine, alkanoyl L-carnitines and their pharmacologically acceptable salts as preservative agents for blood transfusions.
The present invention also consists in new stabilizing solutions for the storage of blood containing L-carnitine, alkanoyl L-carnitines or their pharmacologically acceptable salts.
What is meant by alkanoyl L-carnitines are acetyl, propionyl, butyryl, isobutyryl, valeryl and isovaleryl L-carnitine. Hereinafter, for reasons of simplicity, we shall refer only to L-carnitine, in the understanding, however, that the description also applies to the above-mentioned alkanoyl L-carnitines and their pharmacologically acceptable salts.
As is well known, L-carnitine is necessary for the translocation of fatty acids within the mitichondria where betaoxidation takes place.
Various uses of L-carnitine are known, but all of these are of a therapeutic nature. For instance, L-carnitine is used in the cardiovascular field for the treatment of acute and chronic myocardial ischaemia, angina pectoris, heart failure and cardiac arrhythmias.
In the nephrological field, L-carnitine is administered to chronic uraemics undergoing regular haemodialytic treatment to combat myasthenia and the onset of muscular cramps.
Other therapeutic uses have to do with the normalization of the HDL:LDL+VLDL ratio and total parenteral nutrition. There is, however, no relationship between the known therapeutic uses of L-carnitine mentioned previously and the use envisaged in the present invention.
It is well known that the essential factors for good storage of blood in the liquid state are the temperature and the composition of the stabilizing solution.
The temperature must be such as to allow a reduction of the metabolic activity of the erythrocytes without damaging them. The optimal temperature is 4° C.±2° C.
The stabilizing solutions must be able to make the blood unclottable, to reduce the glycolytic activity of the red blood cells and, at the same time, permit such activity by providing an adequate substrate.
The efficacy of a stabilizing solution is assessed by observing both the alterations arising in the erythrocytes in vitro and their survival in vivo, after variable periods of storage at optimal temperature.
The alterations to the erythrocytes in vitro can be checked by evaluating the amount of haemoglobin released by the erythrocytes, their osomotic and mechanical fragility, the changes in their shape and volume and the chemical changes they undergo.
The stabilizing solutions used to date do not allow good storage of blood for more than 14 to 21 days.
For instance, if the blood is collected in ACD (citric acid-sodium citrate-dextrose), one of the most widely used stabilizing solutions in the past, and transfused after 14 or 21 days of storage, the in-vivo survival rates of erythrocytes 24 h after transfusion are 90 and 80%, respectively; it is also well known that the red blood cells that remain in circulation 24 h after transfusion have a survival rate equal to that of fresh blood.
During storage, erythrocytes undergo alterations with formation of spherocytes and burr cells. The erythrocytes swell and lose potassium and haemoglobin, which then increases in the plasma. At the same time there is a reduction in 2,3-DPG (2,3-diphosphoglycerate) and thus an increase in the affinity of haemoglobin for oxygen, which is released to tissues in smaller amounts.
The alterations of erythrocytes stored in ACD may be at least partly corrected by adding phosphate to the stabilizing solution. Thus CPD (citrate-phsophate-dextrose) solutions have come to be used for the storage of blood and are now the ones most commonly employed The addition of phosphate gives rise to the maintenance of a higher level of 2,3-DPG and thus a lower affinity of haemoglobin for oxygen. However, the in-vivo survival of erythrocytes stored in CPD is little better, if not indeed identical to that of erythrocytes stored in ACD.
It has now been found that the addition of L-carnitine or of one of its pharmacologically acceptable salts to the usual stabilizing solutions for the storage of blood for transfusions has the effect of dramatically improving in-vitro survival of erthrocytes and of reducing the formation of spherocytes and burr cells and the loss of haemoglobin in the plasma. As a result of these beneficial effects, the period of good storage of blood for transfusion purposes is more than doubled compared to traditional solutions.
Thus, the invention described herein consists in the use of L-carnitine and its pharmacologically acceptable salts for the production of stabilizing solutions for the storage of blood for transfusions.
Viewed from a different angle, the invention also consists in stabilizing solutions for the storage of blood for transfusion characterized by the fact that they contain L-carnitine or one of its pharmacologically acceptable salts.
What is meant by pharmacologically acceptable salts of L-carnitine, apart from the L-carnitine internal salt, is any L-carnitine salt with an acid which does not give rise to unwanted side effects. These acids are well known to pharmacologists and to experts in pharmacy.
Non-exclusive examples of such salts are chloride, bromide, orotate, aspartic acid, acid citrate, acid phosphate, fumarate and acid fumarate, maleate and acid maleate, acid oxalate, acid sulphate, glucose phosphate, tartrate and acid tartrate.
These solutions are characterized by the fact that they contain 0.5-10.0 mM/L, and preferably 4-6 mML of L-carnitine or an equivalent amount of one of its pharmacologically acceptable salts.
An example of a stabilizing solution according to the invention is composed of:
______________________________________
Glucose 80-120 mM/L
Mannitol 40-60 mM/L
K.sub.2 HPO.sub.4 24-28 mM/L
KH.sub.2 PO.sub.4 12-16 mM/L
Potassium citrate 15-20 mM/L
L-carnitine, internal salt
4-6 mM/L
______________________________________
The efficacy of L-carnitine in the use envisaged in this invention is verified by numerous studies, one of which is reported here below with reference to the attached diagrams, where:
FIG. 1 is a graph representing the osomotic fragility of eythrocytes as a function of storage time (expressed in weeks);
FIG. 2 is a graph representing the haemoglobin concentration (in mg/dL) in the storage medium as a function of storage time (expressed in weeks);
FIG. 3 is a graph representing the percentage of burr cells in the storage medium as a function of storage time (expressed in weeks).
Admitted to this study were volunteers who were habitual blood donors and who were perfectly healthy at the time the blood samples were taken. The blood samples were collected in special quadruple bags normally used for blood storage Baxter, Fenwal Division, La Chatre, France) containing CPDA-1 (CPDA-1 composition: 110 mM glucose; 55 mM mannitol; 25.8 mM K2 HPO4 ; 14.7 mM KH2 PO4 ; 17.9 mM potassium citrate), an iso-osmolar fluid commonly used for the storage of blood at 5° C. The blood was poured into the above-mentioned bags by means of a centrifuge which allowed the formed elements of the haematic mass to be separated from the erythrocytes. In addition to the above-mentioned CPDA-1, some of the bags contained L-carnitine, which was always introduced under conditions of maximum sterility. The ratio of the volume of the storage fluid to the volume of the erythrocytes was close to 1:1. The bags were then placed in refrigerators at a constant temperature of 5° C.
In the course of storage, aliquots of erythrocytes were collected at weekly intervals for the purpose of conducting a number of microscopic and biochemical examinations. The eryrocyte suspension was immediately examined under a phase-contrast microscope to estimate the percentage content of burr cells, which are pathological erythrocytes with a star-type morphology. Later, the eryrthocyte suspension was centrifuged, and the buffy coat was used to determine the haemoglobin content according to a method involving the derivatization of the latter to cyanomethaemoglobin (International Committee for Standardization in Haematology, S. Clin. Pathol. (1978), 31:139-145). The haemoglobin content measured is an indicator of the degree of haemolysis the erythrocyte undergoes in the course of storage in the bags. Lastly, erythrocyte osmotic fragility was evaluated according to the method of Dacie and Lewis (Dacie J. V. and Lewis S. M., Practical Haematology, New York: Churchill Livingstone, 1984: 152-6). The osmotic fragility was calculated as the amount of sodium chloride necessary (in mM/L) to obtain 50% haemolysis.
Claims (10)
1. A method for stabilizing blood for transfusion, comprising mixing blood with a solution, said solution comprising L-carnitine, alkanoyl L-carnitine, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein said pharmaceutically acceptable salt is selected from the group consisting of chloride, bromide, orotate, aspartic acid, acid citrate, acid phosphate, fumarate, acid fumarate, maleate, acid maleate, acid oxalate, acid sulfate, glucoses phosphate, tartrate, and acid tartrate, and wherein said solution comprises 0.5-10.0 mM/L of said L-carnitine, said alkanoyl L-carnitine, or said pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein said alkanoyl L-carnitine is selected from the group consisting of acetyl L-carnitine, propionyl L-carnitine, butyryl L-carnitine, isobutyryl L-carnitine, valeryl L-carnitine, and isovaleryl L-carnitine.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein said solution comprises:
______________________________________
Glucose 80-120 mM/L
Mannitol 40-60 mM/L
K.sub.2 HPO.sub.4 24-28 mM/L
KH.sub.2 PO.sub.4 12-16 mM/L
Potassium citrate 15-20 mM/L
L-carnitine, internal salt
4-6 mM/L.
______________________________________
4. The method of claim 1, wherein said solution comprises 4-6 mM/L of said L-carnitine, said alkanoyl L-carnitine, or said pharmaceutically acceptable salt.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein said solution is mixed with said blood in a ratio to obtain a ratio of volume of solution to volume of erythrocytes of about 1:1.
6. A transfusion bag which comprises:
(a) a sample of whole blood;
(b) a preservative-anticoagulant solution; and
(c) 4-6 mM/L of L-carnitine, alkanoyl L-carnitine or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein said pharmaceutically acceptable salt is selected from the group consisting of chloride, bromide, orotate, aspartic acid, acid citrate, acid phosphate, fumarate, acid fumarate, maleate, acid maleate, acid oxalate, acid sulfate, glucoses phosphate, tartrate, and acid tartrate.
7. The transfusion bag of claim 6, wherein said preservative-anticoagulant solution is selected from ACD, CPD and CPDA-1.
8. The transfusion bag of claim 6, wherein said alkanoyl L-carnitine is selected from the group consisting of acetyl L-carnitine, propionyl L-carnitine, butyryl L-carnitine, isobutyryl L-carnitine, valeryl L-carnitine, and isovaleryl L-carnitine. .Iadd.
9. A method for stabilizing a composition for transfusion comprising erythrocytes, said method comprising mixing said composition with a solution, said solution comprising L-carnitine, alkanoyl L-carnitine, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein said pharmaceutically acceptable salt is selected from the group consisting of chloride, bromide, orotate, aspartic acid, acid citrate, acid phosphate, fumarate, acid fumarate, maleate, acid maleate, acid oxalate, acid sulfate, glucose phosphate, tartrate and acid tartrate, and wherein said solution comprises 0.5-10.0 mM/L of said L-carnitine, said alkanoyl L-carnitine, or said pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. .Iaddend..Iadd.10. A transfusion bag which comprises:
(a) a composition comprising erythrocytes;
(b) a preservative-anticoagulant solution; and
(c) 4-6 mM/L of L-carnitine, alkanoyl L-carnitine or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein said pharmaceutically acceptable salt is selected from the group consisting of chloride, bromide, orotate, aspartic acid, acid citrate, acid phosphate, fumarate, acid fumarate, maleate, acid maleate, acid oxalate, acid sulfate, glucose phosphate, tartrate and acid tartrate, and wherein said solution comprises 0.5-10.0 mM/L of said L-carnitine, said alkanoyl L-carnitine, or said pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. .Iaddend..Iadd.11. The method of claim 9, wherein said alkanoyl L-carnitine is selected from the group consisting of acetyl L-carnitine, propionyl L-carnitine, butyryl L-carnitine, isobutyryl L-carnitine, valeryl L-carnitine, and isovaleryl L-carnitine.
.Iaddend..Iadd.12. The method of claim 9, wherein said solution comprises:
______________________________________
Glucose 80-120 mM/L
Mannitol 40-60 mM/L
K.sub.2 HPO.sub.4 24-28 mM/L
KH.sub.2 PO.sub.4 12-16 mM/L
Potassium citrate 15-20 mM/L
L-carnitine, internal salt
4-6 mM/L.
______________________________________
.Iaddend..Iadd.13. The method of claim 9, wherein said solution comprises 4-6 mM/L of said L-carnitine, said alkanoyl L-carnitine, or said pharmaceutically acceptable salt. .Iaddend..Iadd.14. The transfusion bag of claim 10, wherein said preservative-anticoagulant solution is selected from ACD, CPD and CPDA-1. .Iaddend..Iadd.15. The transfusion bag of claim 10, wherein said alkanoyl L-carnitine is selected from the group consisting of acetyl L-carnitine, propionyl L-carnitine, butyryl L-carnitine, isobutyryl L-carnitine, valeryl L-carnitine, and isovaleryl L-carnitine. .Iaddend.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US09/035,028 USRE36331E (en) | 1993-06-02 | 1998-03-05 | Use of L-carnitine and alkanoyl L-carnitines in the storage of blood for transfusions and stabilizing solutions containing them |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| ITRM930364A IT1261695B (en) | 1993-06-02 | 1993-06-02 | USE OF L-CARNITINE AND ALCANOIL L-CARNITINE IN THE PRESERVATION OF BLOOD FOR TRANSFUSIONS AND STABILIZING SOLUTIONS THAT CONTAIN THEM. |
| ITRM93A0364 | 1993-06-02 | ||
| US08/253,275 US5496821A (en) | 1993-06-02 | 1994-06-02 | Use of L-carnitine and alkanoyl L-carnitines in the storage of blood for transfusions and stabilizing solutions containing them |
| US09/035,028 USRE36331E (en) | 1993-06-02 | 1998-03-05 | Use of L-carnitine and alkanoyl L-carnitines in the storage of blood for transfusions and stabilizing solutions containing them |
Related Parent Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US08/253,275 Reissue US5496821A (en) | 1993-06-02 | 1994-06-02 | Use of L-carnitine and alkanoyl L-carnitines in the storage of blood for transfusions and stabilizing solutions containing them |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| USRE36331E true USRE36331E (en) | 1999-10-05 |
Family
ID=11401790
Family Applications (2)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US08/253,275 Ceased US5496821A (en) | 1993-06-02 | 1994-06-02 | Use of L-carnitine and alkanoyl L-carnitines in the storage of blood for transfusions and stabilizing solutions containing them |
| US09/035,028 Expired - Lifetime USRE36331E (en) | 1993-06-02 | 1998-03-05 | Use of L-carnitine and alkanoyl L-carnitines in the storage of blood for transfusions and stabilizing solutions containing them |
Family Applications Before (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US08/253,275 Ceased US5496821A (en) | 1993-06-02 | 1994-06-02 | Use of L-carnitine and alkanoyl L-carnitines in the storage of blood for transfusions and stabilizing solutions containing them |
Country Status (8)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (2) | US5496821A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0627161B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP3573791B2 (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE170709T1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE69413120T2 (en) |
| DK (1) | DK0627161T3 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2122214T3 (en) |
| IT (1) | IT1261695B (en) |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20040156990A1 (en) * | 2001-06-14 | 2004-08-12 | Arduino Arduini | Solution for the storage and perfusion of organs awaiting transplantation |
| US20050124965A1 (en) * | 2003-12-08 | 2005-06-09 | Becton, Dickinson And Company | Phosphatase inhibitor sample collection system |
| US20050232911A1 (en) * | 2004-04-19 | 2005-10-20 | Schreiber Brian D | Prevention and treatment of metabolic abnormalities associated with excess intramyocellular lipid |
| US20060212020A1 (en) * | 2002-10-10 | 2006-09-21 | Lynne Rainen | Sample collection system with caspase inhibitor |
| US7309468B2 (en) | 2002-05-13 | 2007-12-18 | Becton, Dickinson And Company | Protease inhibitor sample collection system |
Families Citing this family (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6403124B1 (en) * | 1997-04-16 | 2002-06-11 | Sigma-Tau Industrie Farmaceutiche Riunite S.P.A. | Storage and maintenance of blood products including red blood cells and platelets |
| US6482585B2 (en) * | 1997-04-16 | 2002-11-19 | Sigma-Tau Industrie Farmaceutiche Riunite S.P.A. | Storage and maintenance of blood products including red blood cells and platelets |
| WO1999060849A1 (en) * | 1998-05-26 | 1999-12-02 | Lifecell Corporation | Cryopreservation of human red blood cells |
| CZ303870B6 (en) | 1999-10-11 | 2013-06-05 | Sigma-Tau Industrie Farmaceutiche Riunite S. P. A. | Utilization of L-carnitine and alkanoyl derivatives thereof as osmotic compositions in solution for medicinal application |
| GB0001172D0 (en) * | 2000-01-20 | 2000-03-08 | Res Del International Limited | Physiological medium for perfusing, preserving and storing isolated cell tissue and organ samples |
| WO2005013689A2 (en) * | 2003-08-04 | 2005-02-17 | Human Biosystems | Preservation of blood cells |
| ITRM20040346A1 (en) | 2004-07-13 | 2004-10-13 | Sigma Tau Ind Farmaceuti | USE OF L-CARNITINE FOR THE TREATMENT OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES. |
| US8968992B2 (en) * | 2008-03-21 | 2015-03-03 | Fenwal, Inc. | Red blood cell storage medium for extended storage |
| US8871434B2 (en) * | 2008-03-21 | 2014-10-28 | Fenwal, Inc. | Red blood cell storage medium for extended storage |
| WO2011049709A1 (en) | 2009-10-23 | 2011-04-28 | Fenwal, Inc. | Methods and systems for providing red blood cell products with reduced plasma |
| JP5824950B2 (en) * | 2011-08-08 | 2015-12-02 | ソニー株式会社 | Blood analyzer and blood analysis method |
| WO2021108806A1 (en) * | 2019-11-29 | 2021-06-03 | Rutgers, The State University Of New Jersey | Compositions, kits and methods for storage of blood products and methods of use thereof |
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| US4434160A (en) * | 1980-07-11 | 1984-02-28 | Leopold & Co. Chem. Pharm. Fabrik Gesellschaft M.B.H. | Nutrient solution for complete parenteral feeding and for increased energy production |
| US4731360A (en) * | 1985-08-16 | 1988-03-15 | Merck & Co., Inc. | Acylcarnitines as absorption-enhancing agents for drug delivery through mucous membranes of the nasal, buccal, sublingual and vaginal compartments |
| US4839159A (en) * | 1988-02-08 | 1989-06-13 | Topicarn, Inc. | Topical L-carnitine composition |
| US4968714A (en) * | 1989-02-21 | 1990-11-06 | Bayer Aktiengesellschaft | Fungicidal substituted 3-amino-2-pyrazolin-5-ones, compositions and use |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BE639532A (en) * | ||||
| DE2532183C3 (en) * | 1975-07-18 | 1982-03-04 | Behringwerke Ag, 3550 Marburg | Polyionic isotonic saline solution for the preservation of erythrocytes or for the perfusion and preservation of organs intended for transplantation |
| US4968719A (en) * | 1989-04-03 | 1990-11-06 | Sigma Tau, Industrie Farmaceutiche Riunite Spa | Method for treating vascular disease |
| IT1245869B (en) * | 1991-06-05 | 1994-10-25 | Sigma Tau Ind Farmaceuti | USE OF PROPIONIL L-CARNITINA FOR THE RECOVERY OF THE MUSCLE TONE IN IMMOBILIZED SUBJECTS |
-
1993
- 1993-06-02 IT ITRM930364A patent/IT1261695B/en active IP Right Grant
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1994
- 1994-05-26 AT AT94830254T patent/ATE170709T1/en active
- 1994-05-26 ES ES94830254T patent/ES2122214T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-05-26 EP EP94830254A patent/EP0627161B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-05-26 DE DE69413120T patent/DE69413120T2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-05-26 DK DK94830254T patent/DK0627161T3/en active
- 1994-06-01 JP JP11993494A patent/JP3573791B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1994-06-02 US US08/253,275 patent/US5496821A/en not_active Ceased
-
1998
- 1998-03-05 US US09/035,028 patent/USRE36331E/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4434160A (en) * | 1980-07-11 | 1984-02-28 | Leopold & Co. Chem. Pharm. Fabrik Gesellschaft M.B.H. | Nutrient solution for complete parenteral feeding and for increased energy production |
| US4731360A (en) * | 1985-08-16 | 1988-03-15 | Merck & Co., Inc. | Acylcarnitines as absorption-enhancing agents for drug delivery through mucous membranes of the nasal, buccal, sublingual and vaginal compartments |
| US4839159A (en) * | 1988-02-08 | 1989-06-13 | Topicarn, Inc. | Topical L-carnitine composition |
| US4968714A (en) * | 1989-02-21 | 1990-11-06 | Bayer Aktiengesellschaft | Fungicidal substituted 3-amino-2-pyrazolin-5-ones, compositions and use |
Cited By (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20040156990A1 (en) * | 2001-06-14 | 2004-08-12 | Arduino Arduini | Solution for the storage and perfusion of organs awaiting transplantation |
| US20080166695A1 (en) * | 2001-06-14 | 2008-07-10 | Sigma-Tau Industrie Farmaceutiche Riunite S.P.A. | Solution for the storage and perfusion of organs awaiting transplantation |
| US7422844B2 (en) * | 2001-06-14 | 2008-09-09 | Sigma-Tau Industrie Farmaceutiche Riunite S.P.A. | Solution for the storage and perfusion of organs awaiting transplantation |
| US7989158B2 (en) | 2001-06-14 | 2011-08-02 | Sigma-Tau Industrie Farmaceutiche Riunite S.P.A. | Solution containing carnitine for the storage and perfusion of organs awaiting transplantation |
| US8007993B2 (en) | 2001-06-14 | 2011-08-30 | Sigma—Tau Industrie Farmaceutiche Riunite, S.p.A. | Method for storage and perfusion of organs using a solution comprising L-carnitine and isovaleryl L-carnitine |
| US7309468B2 (en) | 2002-05-13 | 2007-12-18 | Becton, Dickinson And Company | Protease inhibitor sample collection system |
| US20080241001A1 (en) * | 2002-05-13 | 2008-10-02 | Becton, Dickinson And Company | Protease Inhibitor Sample Collection System |
| US7645425B2 (en) | 2002-05-13 | 2010-01-12 | Becton, Dickinson And Company | Protease inhibitor sample collection system |
| US20060212020A1 (en) * | 2002-10-10 | 2006-09-21 | Lynne Rainen | Sample collection system with caspase inhibitor |
| US20050124965A1 (en) * | 2003-12-08 | 2005-06-09 | Becton, Dickinson And Company | Phosphatase inhibitor sample collection system |
| US20050232911A1 (en) * | 2004-04-19 | 2005-10-20 | Schreiber Brian D | Prevention and treatment of metabolic abnormalities associated with excess intramyocellular lipid |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP0627161B1 (en) | 1998-09-09 |
| ITRM930364A0 (en) | 1993-06-02 |
| JPH0748329A (en) | 1995-02-21 |
| DE69413120T2 (en) | 1999-02-11 |
| DK0627161T3 (en) | 1999-06-07 |
| EP0627161A1 (en) | 1994-12-07 |
| ES2122214T3 (en) | 1998-12-16 |
| ATE170709T1 (en) | 1998-09-15 |
| JP3573791B2 (en) | 2004-10-06 |
| US5496821A (en) | 1996-03-05 |
| ITRM930364A1 (en) | 1994-12-02 |
| IT1261695B (en) | 1996-05-29 |
| DE69413120D1 (en) | 1998-10-15 |
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